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Louisville and Nashville Turnpike | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Route information | |
| Existed | 1829–1901[1] |
| Western division | |
| North end | Louisville, Kentucky |
| Major intersections | |
| South end | Louisville and Nashville Branch Turnpike inNashville, Tennessee[2][3] |
| Eastern division | |
| North end | Louisville, Kentucky |
| Major intersections | |
| South end | Nashville, Tennessee |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| States | Kentucky,Tennessee |
| Highway system | |
Louisville-Nashville Turnpike Segment | |
   | |
| Nearest city | Ft. Knox, Kentucky |
| Coordinates | 37°57′22″N85°57′23″W / 37.95611°N 85.95639°W /37.95611; -85.95639 |
| Area | 68 acres (28 ha) |
| Built | 1837 |
| Architectural style | stone-arch bridge |
| NRHP reference No. | 96000790[4] |
| Added to NRHP | July 31, 1996 |
TheLouisville and Nashville Turnpike[a] was atoll road that ran fromLouisville, Kentucky toNashville, Tennessee during the 19th century. From Louisville, one route now designatedUS 31W ran throughElizabethtown,Munfordville,Glasgow Junction (now Park City),Bowling Green, andFranklin before crossing into Tennessee. In Tennessee, the route would continue throughPortland,Cross Plains,Millersville andGoodlettsville before going into Nashville. The other route ran throughBardstown,Buffalo,Glasgow, andScottsville and is currently namedUS 31E. The name survives in abbreviated form along routes including Kentucky State Routes335 and470. US 31W is usually named for theDixie Highway which succeeded the Turnpike.
The western section was first proposed in 1825 by Kentucky GovernorJoseph Desha. Approval of charters and allocation of funds was slow to come, typical of turnpike projects at the time, which represented very large endeavors. A portion was first approved in 1829 but was not started before the 3-year limit expired. Sections of the turnpike were approved in five separate Kentucky legislature bills, passed from 1833 to 1849.
Work began in 1837 and by 1849 about 106 miles (171 km) were completed. The surface wasmacadamized, with toll booths about every 5 miles (8.0 km). Travel from Louisville to Nashville bystagecoach took about 3 days. Traffic was at its peak in the 1850s, but saw a decline in popularity when theLouisville and Nashville Railroad was completed in 1859.
Along the turnpike inSumner County, Tennessee, there was a small inn owned by Richard Stone Wilks. This inn was the namesake of the townWhite House, Tennessee.[5] Another building up the road was the Cheek's Tavern which was built by a bridge crossing theRed River, which became notorious for rumors surrounding murders and robbery.[6]
During the latter half of the 19th century the turnpike fell into disrepair, and portions were gradually purchased by the counties through which they ran. In 1901,Jefferson County bought the remaining tolled part of the turnpike for $210,774.54 ($7,035,306.99 in 2022 dollars).[1][7] Prior to the creation of the FederalUnited States Numbered Highway System, the portion of the Turnpike from Bowling Green to Louisville was designated as part of theDixie Highway System. Then on November 11, 1926, the entirety of the old Turnpike'sright-of-way were designated as US 31W and US 31E, parts of the pre-Interstate US Numbered Highway System, which has existed to this day.
In 1996, a portion of the turnpike was listed on theNational Register of Historic Places asLouisville-Nashville Turnpike Segment.[4] The segment includes three stone-arch bridges and a quarry.[8]
A portion of the turnpike which ran through what is nowFort Knox has been preserved in its original form and is known asBridges to the Past, and in use as a hiking trail. A section of the other Louisville and Nashville Turnpike has been preserved in Bardstown, Kentucky as theCobblestone Path, which can be seen at the end of Flaget Street in the downtown area.
Two bridges on the former turnpike have survived in Tennessee, both from the western segment. In the Portland area, a stone-arch bridge named Cheek's Tavern Bridge has survived crossing theRed River.[9] It was built around 1841. The second bridge is in Goodlettsville and is named the Old Stone Bridge. It crosses Mansker Creek and was built around 1839.[10]
Louisville and Nashville Branch Turnpike | |
|---|---|
| Dickerson Pike | |
| |
| Route information | |
| Existed | c. 1852-1853[3]–c. 1890s |
| Major junctions | |
| North end | Springfield Turnpike / Louisville and Nashville Turnpike inGoodlettsville, Tennessee[11] |
| Major intersections | Long Hollow Pike in Goodlettsville |
| South end | Brick Church Turnpike inNashville, Tennessee |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| States | Tennessee |
| Highway system | |
A related turnpike was created in Nashville in 1852 called the Louisville and Nashville Branch Turnpike. It ran from downtown Nashville to Goodlettsville connecting with the main Louisville and Nashville Turnpike. The entire road cost $16,000. By 1903, the turnpike company likely fell into bankruptcy, and the turnpike was renamed Dickerson Pike.[12]
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