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| Louis Phélypeaux | |
|---|---|
| Marquis of Phélypeaux Count of Maurepas, Count of Pontchartrain | |
.jpg) Portrait by Robert Levrac-Tournières | |
| Chancellor of France | |
| Reign | 5 September 1699 – 1 July 1714 |
| Predecessor | Louis Boucherat |
| Successor | Daniel Voysin de la Noiraye |
| Secretary of State of the Navy | |
| Reign | 7 November 1690 – September 1699 |
| Predecessor | Jean-Baptiste Colbert de Seignelay |
| Successor | Jérôme Phélypeaux de Pontchartrain |
| Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi | |
| Reign | 6 November 1690 – 5 September 1699 |
| Predecessor | Jean-Baptiste Colbert de Seignelay |
| Successor | Jérôme Phélypeaux de Pontchartrain |
| Controller-General of Finances | |
| Reign | 6 November 1690 – 5 September 1699 |
| Predecessor | Claude Le Peletier |
| Successor | Michel Chamillart |
| First President of theParlement of Rennes | |
| Reign | 29 September 1689 – 5 September 1699 |
| Predecessor | François d'Argouges |
| Successor | René Le Feuvre de La Faluère |
| President and Director of theEast India Company | |
| Reign | 13 November 1690 – 27 December 1693 |
| Born | Louis Phélypeaux (1643-03-29)29 March 1643 Paris,Isle-de-France,Kingdom of France |
| Died | 22 December 1727(1727-12-22) (aged 84) Paris, Isle-de-France, Kingdom of France |
| Issue | Jérôme Phélypeaux de Pontchartrain |
| House | Pontchartrain Branch of theHouse of Phélypeaux |
| Father | Louis Phélypeaux |
| Mother | Marie de Maupeou |
| Signature | .png) |
Louis Phélypeaux, Marquis of Phélypeaux (29 March 1643 – 22 December 1727) was a French politician.
Louis Phélypeaux was born on 29 March 1643 as son ofLouis I Phélypeaux de Pontchartrain, and became an advisor to theParlement of Paris by request on 11 September 1660.[1] On 16 June 1677, he bought the post of First President of theParlement of Rennes for the sum of 100,000 francs, replacingFrançois d'Argouges, which on 27 August 1677 was finalised.[2][3] During revolts in theDuchy of Brittany, Phélypeaux was able to lead a peaceful resolution by helping the return of the Parliament toRennes and meeting with revolters.[4] On 25 April 1687, he was recalled toParis at request of kingLouis XIV to becomeController-General of Finances, which began his career as minister.[5]
Between 29 September 1689 and 5 September 1699, Louis was Controller-General, but gained two more ministerial posts in 1690. From 6 November 1690 to 2 July 1714, Louis becameSecretary of State of the Maison du Roi (Chief of the King's Household), and from 6 November 1690 to 5 September 1699 becameSecretary of State of the Navy.[6]
From 13 November 1690 to 27 December 1693, Louis became Perpetual Head, President, and Director of theEast India Company.[7]
He conducted acensus of thepopulation from 1693 onward, the first sinceVauban's of 1678. At court he was an opponent ofFénelon and theQuietists.[citation needed]
Phélypeaux served asChancellor of France from 5 September 1699 to 1 July 1714. HistorianFrançois Bluche wrote that "he gave the Chancellor's office an importance and authority not seen since the early years ofPierre Séguier."Saint-Simon greatly admired him, writing "There was never a man so quick of understanding, so cheerful and pleasant in conversation, so swift and confident in action, so sure in his judgment of other men, or so clever in outwitting them…his integrity was remarkable, apparent in everything that he did, and, underlying the lightheartedness that remained with him until the end, was much piety, kindness, and let me add, decency.” Pontchartrain was also Secretary of the Royal Households, his discretion was appreciated byLouis XIV.[citation needed]
He was made clerk of the prestigiousOrder of the Holy Spirit in May 1700.[citation needed]
He resigned in 1714 for having failed to affix the seals to the decree of 5 July 1714, condemning a document by theBishop of Metz,Henri-Charles de Coislin, as contrary to thepapal bullUnigenitus. He had found it difficult to reconcile his religious beliefs with those of the increasingly authoritarian Louis XIV. He retired to anOratorian institution where he died in 1727.[citation needed]
In 1668 he marriedMarie de Maupeou. They had one son,Jérôme Phélypeaux (1674–1747), comte de Pontchartrain.
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Lake Pontchartrain inLouisiana was named after him, as well as the historicHotel Pontchartrain inNew Orleans.
InMichigan his name was given toFort Pontchartrain du Détroit (the site of modern-dayDetroit), and to Detroit'sHotel Pontchartrain.
Isle Phelipeaux, Isle Pontchartrain, and Isle Maurepas, which appear on early maps ofLake Superior, were named in his honour byPierre François Xavier de Charlevoix.[8] It was later determined that Phelipeaux did not actually exist, and it is uncertain whether Pontchartrain and/or Maurepas refer to real islands known today by other names.[9][8]
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|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Secretary of State for the Navy 7 November 1683 – 6 September 1699 | Succeeded by |
