Louis Figuier (French pronunciation:[lwifiɡje]; 15 February 1819 inMontpellier – 8 November 1894 in9th arrondissement of Paris)[1] was a French scientist and writer. He was the nephew of Pierre-Oscar Figuier and became Professor ofchemistry at L'Ecole de pharmacie of Montpellier. Louis Figuier was married to French writerLouise Juliette Bouscaren.[2]
Figuier became Doctor of Medicine (1841), agrégé ofpharmacology, chemistry (1844–1853) andphysics and gained his PhD in (1850). Figuier was appointed professor at L'Ecole de Pharmacie of Paris after leaving Montpellier. In his research he found himself opposed toClaude Bernard; as a result of this conflict, he abandoned his research to devote himself to popular science. He edited and published a yearbook from 1857 to 1894 –L'Année scientifique et industrielle (orExposé annuel des travaux) – in which he compiled an inventory of the scientific discoveries of the year (it was continued after his death until 1914). He was the author of numerous successful works:Les Grandes inventions anciennes et modernes (1861),Le Savant du foyer (1862),La Terre avant le déluge (1863) illustrated byÉdouard Riou,La Terre et les mers (1864),Les Merveilles de la science (1867–1891).
He wrote extensively on the subject of photography, including it in his study on the marvels of nineteenth-century science, and also writing a self-standing book on the subject.[3]
Influenced byCharles Lyell'sGeological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man of 1863, the 1867 second edition ofLa Terre avant le déluge abandoned theGarden of Eden shown in the first edition, and included dramatic illustrations of savage men and women wearing animal skins and wielding stone axes.[4]
Les merveilles de la science ou description populaire des inventions modernes [The Wonders of Science or Descriptions of Popular Modern Inventions] (1867–1891; 4 Vols. and 2 Supplement Vols.). Paris: Libraire Furne, Jouvet et Cⁱᵉ, éditeurs.Corbeil: Imprimerie Crêté.OCLC1120244135 (all editions),716844343,457972881, and896988001.
'Vol. 1: "Machine à vapeur – bateau à vapeur – locomotive et chemins de fer – locomobiles – machine électrique – paratonnerres – pile de Volta – électro-magnétisme".
Supplément 1 : "À la machine à vapeur – aux bateaux à vapeur — à la locomotive et aux chemins de fer — aux locomobiles — au paratonnerre — à la pile de Volta – à l'électro-magnétisme et aux machines à courant d'induction — au moteur électrique — à la galvanoplastie et aux dépôts électro-chimiques — au télégraphe aérien (télégraphie optique et télégraphie pneumatique) — au télégraphe électrique — à la télégraphie sous-marine et au câble Atlantique — aux aérostats".
Supplément 2 : À la photographie — aux poudres de guerre — à l'artillerie moderne — aux armes à feu portatives — aux bâtiments cuirassés — a l'art de l'éclairage — à l'art du chauffage — au moteur à gaz aux phares — le phonographe.
[Supplement 2 (translation): To Photography — To Gunpowder — To Modern Artillery — To Portable Firearms — To Armored Ships — To the Art of Lighting — To the Art of Heating — To the Gas Engine — To Lighthouses — The Phonograph.
