American chemist
Louis Eugene Brus [ 1] [ 2] Chemistry atColumbia University . He is the co-discoverer of thecolloidal semi-conductor nanocrystals known asquantum dots .[ 3] Nobel Prize in Chemistry .
Early life and education [ edit ] Louis Eugene Brus was born in 1943 inCleveland , Ohio, United States of America. During high school inRoeland Park, Kansas , he developed an interest for chemistry andphysics .[ 4]
He enteredRice University in 1961 with aNaval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC) college scholarship, which required him to participate in NROTC activities at sea as amidshipman . In 1965, he graduated at Rice with aB.S. degree in chemical physics, and then moved toColumbia University for his doctoral research.[ 4] dissertation , he worked on thephotodissociation ofsodium iodide vapor, under the supervision ofRichard Bersohn .[ 4] Ph.D. degree in chemical physics in 1969, Brus returned to the Navy as a lieutenant and served as a scientific staff officer in collaboration withLin Ming-chang , at theUnited States Naval Research Laboratory inWashington, D.C. [ 4]
Under the recommendation of Bersohn, Brus left the Navy permanently and joinedAT&T Bell Laboratories in 1973, where he did the work that led to the discovery ofquantum dots .[ 4] Columbia University .[ 4]
Work on quantum dots [ edit ] Brus is a foundational figure in the research and development ofquantum dots . Quantum dots are tiny semiconducting crystals whose nanoscale size gives them unique optical and electronic properties.[ 5]
Brus was independently the first to synthesize them in a solution in 1982. At the time, he was studyingorganic photochemistry oncadmium sulfide particle surfaces using pump–probeRaman spectroscopy , looking for possible applications for solar-energy.[ 6] [ 7] [ 7] band gap energy toOstwald ripening when the crystal increased size.[ 7]
Brus provided the theoretical framework for understanding the behavior of quantum dots in terms of quantum size effects. He identified the connection between the particle size of semiconductors and the wavelength of the light they emit,[ 8] [ 9] [ 10] [ 11] [ 12] Brus equation .[ 6]
Brus tried to contact researchers in the Soviet Union. It was in 1990, that he finally metAlexey Ekimov andAlexander Efros , who had first developed the semiconductor nanocrystals in glass in 1981 under more rudimentary conditions, however their research was not available in the United States.[ 7]
At Bell Labs, Brus worked with postdoc researchersPaul Alivisatos andMoungi Bawendi in a research project with organometallic synthetic chemist Michael L. Steigerwald on reducing the size of the quantum dots.[ 4]
Brus was elected afellow of theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1998,[ 13] United States National Academy of Sciences in 2004,[ 14] Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters .[ 15]
He received the Distinguished Alumni Award from the Association ofRice University Alumni in 2010. He was co-recipient of the 2006R. W. Wood Prize of theOptical Society of America "for the discovery of nanocrystal quantum dots and pioneering studies of their electronic and optical properties" shared with Alexander Efros and Alexey Ekimov.[ 16] [ 17] Kavli Prize fornanoscience along withSumio Iijima in 2008 for "for their large impact in the development of the nanoscience field of the zero and one dimensional nanostructures in physics, chemistry andbiology ".[ 18] Willard Gibbs Award "for his leading role in the creation of chemical quantum dots".[ 19] NAS Award in Chemical Sciences . In 2012 he received theFranklin Institute 'sBower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science ,[ 20] Clarivate Citation laureate in Chemistry "for discovery of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots)".[ 21]
In 2023, Brus was awarded theNobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Ekimov and Moungi Bawendi "for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots".[ 22] [ 23]
Selected publications [ edit ] Rossetti, R.; Brus, L. (November 1982)."Electron-hole recombination emission as a probe of surface chemistry in aqueous cadmium sulfide colloids" The Journal of Physical Chemistry .86 (23):4470– 4472.doi :10.1021/j100220a003 .ISSN 0022-3654 . Brus, L. E. (December 1, 1983)."A simple model for the ionization potential, electron affinity, and aqueous redox potentials of small semiconductor crystallites" The Journal of Chemical Physics .79 (11):5566– 5571.Bibcode :1983JChPh..79.5566B .doi :10.1063/1.445676 .ISSN 0021-9606 . Brus, L. E. (May 1, 1984)."Electron–electron and electron-hole interactions in small semiconductor crystallites: The size dependence of the lowest excited electronic state" The Journal of Chemical Physics .80 (9):4403– 4409.Bibcode :1984JChPh..80.4403B .doi :10.1063/1.447218 .ISSN 0021-9606 . Brus, Louis (June 1986)."Electronic wave functions in semiconductor clusters: experiment and theory" The Journal of Physical Chemistry .90 (12):2555– 2560.doi :10.1021/j100403a003 .ISSN 0022-3654 . Nirmal, M.; Dabbousi, B. O.; Bawendi, M. G.; Macklin, J. J.; Trautman, J. K.; Harris, T. D.; Brus, L. E. (October 1996)."Fluorescence intermittency in single cadmium selenide nanocrystals" Nature .383 (6603):802– 804.Bibcode :1996Natur.383..802N .doi :10.1038/383802a0 .ISSN 1476-4687 .S2CID 4315737 . Bawendi, M G; Steigerwald, M L; Brus, L E (October 1990)."The Quantum Mechanics of Larger Semiconductor Clusters ("Quantum Dots")" Annual Review of Physical Chemistry .41 (1):477– 496.Bibcode :1990ARPC...41..477B .doi :10.1146/annurev.pc.41.100190.002401 .ISSN 0066-426X . Michaels, Amy M.; Nirmal, M.; Brus, L. E. (November 1, 1999)."Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Individual Rhodamine 6G Molecules on Large Ag Nanocrystals" Journal of the American Chemical Society .121 (43):9932– 9939.Bibcode :1999JAChS.121.9932M .doi :10.1021/ja992128q .ISSN 0002-7863 . Lee, Changgu; Yan, Hugen; Brus, Louis E.; Heinz, Tony F.; Hone, James; Ryu, Sunmin (May 25, 2010)."Anomalous Lattice Vibrations of Single- and Few-Layer MoS 2" .ACS Nano .4 (5):2695– 2700.arXiv :1005.2509 Bibcode :2010ACSNa...4.2695L .doi :10.1021/nn1003937 .ISSN 1936-0851 .PMID 20392077 .S2CID 6543876 . ^ "Louis Eugene Brus" .American Academy of Arts & Sciences . September 13, 2023. RetrievedOctober 4, 2023 .^ Profile of Louis Eugene Brus ^ Brus, Louis E. (1984)."Electron–electron and electron-hole interactions in small semiconductor crystallites: The size dependence of the lowest excited electronic state" The Journal of Chemical Physics 80 (4403):4403– 4409.Bibcode :1984JChPh..80.4403B .doi :10.1063/1.447218 . RetrievedJanuary 30, 2015 . ^a b c d e f g Davis, Tinsley (February 2005)."Biography of Louis E. Brus" .Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .102 (5):1277– 1279.doi :10.1073/pnas.0409555102 ISSN 0027-8424 .PMC 547879 PMID 15677326 . ^ Singh, Suchita; Dhawan, Aksha; Karhana, Sonali; Bhat, Madhusudan; Dinda, Amit Kumar (November 29, 2020)."Quantum Dots: An Emerging Tool for Point-of-Care Testing" .Micromachines .11 (12): 1058.doi :10.3390/mi11121058 ISSN 2072-666X .PMC 7761335 PMID 33260478 . ^a b Kafel, A.; Al-Rashid, S. N. Turki (January 1, 2023)."Study Using the Brus Equation to Examine How Quantum Confinement Energy Affects the Optical Characteristics of Cadmium Sulfide and Zinc Selenide" .International Journal of Nanoscience .22 (4):2350034– 120.Bibcode :2023IJN....2250034K .doi :10.1142/S0219581X23500345 .ISSN 0219-581X .S2CID 258431435 . ^a b c d Robinson, Julia."The quantum dot story" .Chemistry World . RetrievedOctober 20, 2023 . ^ Sanderson, Katharine; Castelvecchi, Davide (October 4, 2023)."Tiny 'quantum dot' particles win chemistry Nobel" Nature .622 (7982):227– 228.Bibcode :2023Natur.622..227S .doi :10.1038/d41586-023-03048-9 .PMID 37794149 .S2CID 263671129 . ^ Efros, Alexander L.; Brus, Louis E. (April 27, 2021)."Nanocrystal Quantum Dots: From Discovery to Modern Development" ACS Nano .15 (4):6192– 6210.Bibcode :2021ACSNa..15.6192E .doi :10.1021/acsnano.1c01399 .ISSN 1936-0851 .PMID 33830732 .S2CID 233193323 . ^ Bubola, Emma; Miller, Katrina (October 4, 2023)."Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 3 Scientists for Exploring the Nanoworld" .The New York Times . ^ Gramling, Carolyn (October 4, 2023)."The development of quantum dots wins the 2023 Nobel prize in chemistry" .Science News . ^ Clery, Daniel; Kean, Sam (October 4, 2023)."Creators of quantum dots, used in TV displays and cell studies, win chemistry Nobel" .Science . ^ "Curl Elected AAAS Fellow" . Rice University. May 28, 1998. RetrievedJuly 18, 2023 .^ "Louis E. Brus" . National Academy of Sciences. RetrievedJuly 18, 2023 .^ "Gruppe 4: Kjemi" (in Norwegian).Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters . Archived fromthe original on March 3, 2012. RetrievedOctober 7, 2010 .^ "R. W. Wood Prize" .Optica .^ "Twenty attain 2006 top honors from the OSA" .Laser Focus World . August 30, 2006. RetrievedOctober 4, 2023 .^ "Columbia Professors to Receive Kavli Prizes in Norway Ceremony" . 2008. RetrievedJune 25, 2010 .^ "Gibbs Award Ceremony 2009" .Chicago ACS Archive . Chicago Section of the American Chemical Society. RetrievedFebruary 10, 2016 .^ "Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science" .Franklin Institute . 2012. Archived fromthe original on December 17, 2012. RetrievedApril 7, 2013 .^ "Thomson Reuters Predicts 2012 Nobel Laureates" .www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Thomson Reuters. RetrievedOctober 4, 2023 .^ Devlin, Hannah (October 4, 2023)."Scientists share Nobel prize in chemistry for quantum dots discovery" .The Guardian .ISSN 0261-3077 . RetrievedOctober 4, 2023 . ^ "Names of purported Nobel chemistry prize winners inadvertently released" .Reuters . October 4, 2023. RetrievedOctober 4, 2023 .
1901–1925 1926–1950 1951–1975 1976–2000 2001–present
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