| Lough Allen | |
|---|---|
| Loch Aillionn (Irish) | |
 Spencer Harbour | |
  Lough Allen | |
| Location | County Leitrim |
| Coordinates | 54°06′25″N8°02′21″W / 54.10694°N 8.03917°W /54.10694; -8.03917 |
| Primary inflows | River Shannon |
| Primary outflows | River Shannon |
| Basin countries | Ireland |
| Max. length | 17.7 km (11.0 mi) |
| Max. width | 4.8 km (3.0 mi) |
| Surface area | 35 km2 (14 sq mi)[1] |
| Average depth | 4–5 m (13–16 ft)[1] |
| Max. depth | 31 m (102 ft)[1] |
| Islands | Corry Island, Drummans Island, Inishmagrath |
| Settlements | Arigna,Ballinaglera,Drumshanbo,Drumkeeran,Dowra,Keadue |
| References | [1] |
Lough Allen (Irish:Loch Aillionn)[2] is alake on theRiver Shannon[3] in northeasternConnacht,Ireland. Most of the lake is inCounty Leitrim,[3] with a smaller part inCounty Roscommon. The lake lies to the south of theRiver Shannon's source, near the Iron Mountains, and is the uppermost of the three main lakes on the river. The other two,Lough Ree andLough Derg are much further to the south.
Lough Allen, out of which the Shannon takes its source, is nine miles long, and three miles wide.[4] The lake is shaped like anisosceles triangle. The Shannon enters the lake at the wider northern end and leaves the lake at the narrow southern end. Other rivers that feed the lake include the Diffagher (northwest), theYellow (northeast), the Stoney (east) and the Arigna (southwest). TheR280regional road skirts the west side of the lake, while theR207 follows the east bank,[5] from Ballinagleragh toDrumshanbo. TheR200 road is on the north side of the lake, traveling west fromDowra toDrumkeeran.Slieve Anierin lie to the east of Lough Allen. There has been speculation that notable reserves of oil and gas lie beneath the Allen basin.[6]
Betweenc. 2001 – c. 2003, water quality was reported to be excellent with anoligotrophic rating.[7][n 1] The pike population is the "native Irish strain" (Irish:liús meaning 'IrishPike') not the other EuropeanPike strain (Irish:gailliasc meaning 'strange or foreign fish').[9] The ecology of Lough Allen, and other Irish waterways, remain threatened bycurly waterweed,zebra mussel, andfreshwater clam invasive species.[9][10]
Significant traces of Mesolithic inhabitation have been found around the lakeshore, with hundreds of stone tools collected.[11][12] In total almost 1000 stone tools were collected during a set of surveys byKillian Driscoll, and 95% were formed on silicified dolomite, which outcrops locally. The remaining 5% were formed from flint, chert and quartz, along with theshale/mudstone and basalt ground/polished axes. The majority of the stone tools are characteristic of the Later Mesolithic, with possible evidence for the Early Mesolithic and limited evidence for Neolithic activity.[12] The assemblage includes a number of stone axes and axe roughouts, and the roughouts represent the first recorded, by theIrish Stone Axe Project, as found in a lakeside context in Ireland, with most previously provenanced examples coming from axe quarry sites.[13]
Iron ore has been extracted atSlieve Anierin for millennia.[14] From the early 17th century a number of mines and works were conveniently contiguous to Lough Allen, allowing for the transportation of iron ore over water to theironworks in boats of up to forty tons. During theIrish Rebellion of 1641 nearly all ironworks were destroyed, but many were revived by the English after theIrish Confederate Wars.[15] Extensive forests around Lough Allen before the 17th century were denuded to make charcoal for ironworks,[16] the industry later collapsing in the 19th century.
On the construction of theShannon hydroelectric scheme in 1925–9, the lake became a storage reservoir for the power station nearly 100 miles away, with sluices to control the flow into the river. This helps to maintain the flow during dry periods and manage flooding at other times. It made theLough Allen Canal, which was rarely used by this time, unusable until restored in 1996.[17]
In the mid-19th century, regattas were held by M. O'Conor at Lough Allen Island which is also known as O'Reilly's Island at the southern end of the lake. The house is destroyed, and only a ruin now exists. Regatta parties were held at Birchill's House, Blackrock. E.K. Tenison of Kilronan Castle, the photographer, Captain Tottenham, Captain Birchill and Francis la Touche attended the Regatta parties. Among the yachts competing in the regattas were 'Corsair', 'Avenger', 'Querida', 'Meta' and 'Shamrock'.[18] The Water Wags from Dun Laoghaire, organised a regatta on Lough Allen, in September 2015, for their 14'-3" long historic open clinker dinghies. competed in a regatta in 2014, including Penelope (1933), Scallywag, Swift, Moosmie (1910), Mollie, Chloe, Marie Louise (1927) and Good Hope. This was probably the first regatta on the lake since the mid-19th century.[19]