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Lotha language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India

Lotha
Native toIndia
RegionWokha district,Nagaland
EthnicityLotha Naga
Native speakers
179,467 (2001 census)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3njh
Glottologloth1237
ELPLotha Naga
Part ofa series on
Naga people
Ethnic groups
Languages

TheLotha language is aSino-Tibetan language spoken by approximately 180,000 people inWokha district of west-centralNagaland, India. It is centered in the small district of Wokha (capital Wokha). This district has more than 114 villages such as Pangti, Maraju (Merapani),Englan, Baghty (Pakti) and others, where the language is widely spoken and studied.

Names

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Alternate names include Chizima, Choimi, Hlota, Kyong, Lhota, Lotha, Lutha, Miklai, Tsindir, and Tsontsii (Ethnologue).

Dialects

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Ethnologue lists the following dialects of Lotha.

  • Live
  • Tsontsü
  • Ndreng
  • Kyong
  • Kyo
  • Kyon
  • Kyou

In theLinguistic Survey of India, linguist George Abraham Grierson analyzed various branches of languages in India and categorized various Naga languages into three groups: Western Naga, Eastern Naga, and Central Naga.[2] Lotha falls into the Central Naga group, which also includes the languagesAo,Sangtam, andYimkhiungrü.[2]

Phonology

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Consonants

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LabialDental/
Alveolar
PalatalVelarGlottal
Plosivevoicelessptkʔ
aspirated
Affricatevoicelessp͡ft͡st͡ʃ
vd./aspiratedp͡vt͡sʰt͡ʃʰ
Fricativevoicelessfsʃh
voicedvzʒ
Nasalvoicedmnɲŋ
aspiratedɲʰŋʰ
Lateralvoicedl
aspirated
Trillvoicedr
aspirated
Approximantvoicedwj
aspirated
  • /v/ when followed by /o/ can also be heard as [w] in free variation.
  • The pronunciation of the trills /r, rʰ/ may vary as approximants [ɹ, ɹʰ] or a retroflex fricative [ʐ] among speakers.
  • /j/ only occurs as phonemically aspirated as /jʰ/ among other dialects.
  • Plosives /p, k/ can be heard as unreleased [p̚, k̚] in word-final position.

Vowels

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FrontCentralBack
Closeiu
Mideəo
Opena
  • When /u/ follows a labial consonant or /k, kʰ/, the consonant is then affricated and /u/ is realized as unrounded [ɯ]. The result is then from /ku, kʰu, pu, pʰu/ to [kvɯ, kfɯ, pvɯ, pfɯ].
  • /i/ may also tend to centralize and lower as [ɨ, ə] in open syllables when following sibilant sounds (/ʃi/ ~ [ʃɨ~ʃə]).
  • /ə/ may also range in pronunciation to a back sound [ɯ].[3]
  • /i, u/ can also be heard shortened as [ɪ, ʊ] within the first syllable.[4]

Orthography and literature

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Lotha is written in theLatin script, introduced by the British and American missionaries in the late 19th century. It is a medium of education up to the post-graduate level in the state of Nagaland. It is also the language in which the church sermons are preached. TheBible has been translated into the Lotha language, adding significantly to its vocabulary, which had an influence ofAssamese andHindi.

Lotha Yi Tsüngon

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Various Lotha Naga groups have started observing May 1 as its language day, Lotha Yi Tsüngon. In 2025 simultaneous events were organised by the Kohima Lotha Hoho,[5] Lotha Hoho Dimapur, and Lotha Academy (Wokha) where an anthology of Lotha prose, Lotha Motsüran Ekhvürhyucho was released.[6]

References

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  1. ^"Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011".www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved7 July 2018.
  2. ^abKumar, Braj Bihari (1 January 2005).Naga Identity. Concept Publishing Company. p. 75.ISBN 978-81-8069-192-8.
  3. ^Bruhn, Daniel W. (2014).Proto-Central Naga; Lotha. A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga: University of California, Berkeley. pp. 151–154.
  4. ^Acharya, K. P. (1983).Lotha grammar. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  5. ^Morung Express News (4 May 2025)."Lotha Yi Tsüngon observed to promote indigenous language".The Morung Express. Retrieved5 May 2025.
  6. ^Morung Express News (1 May 2025)."Language roots cultural identity".The Morung Express. Retrieved5 May 2025.

External links

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