| Los Encinos State Historic Park | |
|---|---|
 Garnier Building, 2008 | |
   | |
| Location | Los Angeles County, California, United States |
| Nearest city | Encino, Los Angeles |
| Coordinates | 34°9′37″N118°29′57″W / 34.16028°N 118.49917°W /34.16028; -118.49917 |
| Area | 4.7 acres (1.9 ha) |
| Established | 1949 |
| Governing body | California Department of Parks and Recreation |
| Reference no. | 689[1] |
Los Encinos State Historic Park is astate park unit ofCalifornia, preserving buildings ofRancho Los Encinos. The park is located near the corner of Balboa and Ventura Boulevards inEncino, California, in theSan Fernando Valley. Therancho includes the original nine-room de la Ossa Adobe, the two-story limestone Garnier building, a blacksmith shop, a natural spring, and a pond. The 4.7-acre (1.9 ha) site was established as a California state park in 1949.[2]
The natural spring provided a year-round source of water for the ancient village ofSiutcanga, home to the Tongva people, for thousands of years. The namesyútkanga actually means "place of the oak" in the Fernandeño language, a dialect of theTongva language, a name later reflected in Spanish asLos Encinos, or "the oaks" in Spanish.[3] A description of this village was recorded as part of the 1769Portola Expedition. This Spanish expedition reached the San Fernando Valley and named it "El Valle de Santa Catalina de Bononia de Los Encinos" (The Valley of St. Catherine of Bononia of the Oaks).
Located along a significant travel route betweenLos Angeles andSanta Barbara, the property passed through many hands between the 1840s and the early 20th century. Today the park contains exhibits related to the agricultural enterprises of Rancho Los Encinos' various owners, includingMission Indian,Californio, French, and French Basque families.
TheEncino Springs are historic artesian springs that were the site of theSiutcanga village of theTongva-Kizh people, and later provided water for Rancho Los Encinos in what is now theSan Fernando Valley region ofLos Angeles County, California.
Juan Crespí mentioned the springs in his 1769 diary.[4] In 1845,Manuel Micheltorena's troops camped at the Encino Springs before theBattle of Providencia.[5] The spring reservoirs were apparently built around 1872 by Eugene Garnier.[6] According to a description from 1875 the main ranch spring "supplied a stone reservoir and a bathing pool and yielded about 5 U.S. gallons (19 L; 4.2 imp gal) a minute".[7] An 1890 account described "a number" of springs at Encino "in local use".[8] The springs werecarbonated, smelled slightly ofhydrogen sulphide, and emerged with a water temperature of about 83–90 °F (28–32 °C) As of 1915, there were two recognized springs on the site, about 30 feet (9.1 m) apart, the smaller spring west of the larger spring, and enclosed in a small reservoir made of stone. According to a U.S. government geologist, the water was associated with a layer ofMiocene shale, "which here dips about 25°N" toward the Valley, and was a "primary and secondary alkaline and primary saline water of moderate mineralization".[7] As of 1969 the springs still yielded 24,000 U.S. gallons (91,000 L; 20,000 imp gal) a day,[9] and they were still flowing at Los Encinos State Historic Park as of 1978.[10]
Upon discovery in 1925 of a grinding stone and possible burial ground west of the springs, archeologistJohn A. Comstock told a newspaper reporter that "Indians in the Encino Hot Springs vicinity fashioned the finest stone vessels of any Indians In this part of the country with the possible exception ofCatalina Island Indians who had a stone particularly adaptable to such purposes".[12] There was an Encino Hot Springs resort in the 1920s.[13][14]
California Historical Landmark Marker NO. 689 at the site reads:[15]
