| Lord ofMann | |
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| Incumbent | |
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| Charles III since 8 September 2022 | |
| Details | |
| Style | His Majesty |
| First monarch | George III |
| Formation | 1504 |
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TheLord of Mann (Manx:Çhiarn Vannin) is thelord proprietor[1][2] andhead of state of theIsle of Man, currentlyKing Charles III. Before 1504, the title wasKing of Mann.
Since 1399, thekings and lords of Mann werevassals of thekings of England who were the ultimatesovereigns of the island. This right of 'lord proprietor' wasrevested intothe Crown by theIsle of Man Purchase Act 1765 for £70,000 and a £2,000 annuity, at which point it became a self-governing BritishCrown Dependency. KingGeorge III became the first British monarch to reign over the Isle of Man as Lord of Mann in 1765.[3] For reasons of culture and tradition, the title Lord of Mann continues to be used. For these reasons, the correct formal usage, as used in the Isle of Man for theloyal toast, isThe King, Lord of Mann. The term "the King, Lord of Mann" was also used whenCharles III was proclaimed king on the Isle of Man.[4]
Queen Victoria was styled as Lady of Man.[5] The title "lord" was used by QueenElizabeth II.
The formalLatin style isDominus Manniae.
Before 1504, the ruler of the Isle of Man was generallystyledking of Mann.[6]
In 1598, a succession dispute between the daughters ofFerdinando and their uncle,William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby, was heard by thePrivy Council. They decided that the right to the Isle of Man belonged solely to QueenElizabeth I, and theletters patent of 1405 which conferred the lordship of the Isle of Man on the Stanley family were declared null and void as the previous ruler,Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, had not been subject to legalattainder, despite his treason, and the 1405 and 1406 letters patent had therefore not taken effect.[7][8]
The Queen, in consideration of the "many eminent services performed to herself and to her royal predecessors by the honourable and noble House of Stanley", withdrew her right and referred the contending claimants to the decision of the Privy Council as to the best claim of inheritance.
The Privy Council decided "the grant being by letters patent under the Great Seal of England, such right would descend according to the Common Law of England to the heirs general, and not to the heirs male", and the island was therefore awarded to Ferdinando's daughters; whereupon William agreed to purchase their several shares and interests.[9]
Following the resolution of the succession dispute, it was ruled that the daughters of Ferdinando Stanley were the rightful heirs. As the oldest of them would not reach theage of majority until 1609, two temporary Lords of Mann were appointed byJames I by letters patent,[10] so that the daughters could benefit from the Island's revenues.
| Assurance of the Isle of Man Act 1609 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
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| Long title | An Acte for the Assuringe and Establishing of the Isle of Manne in the name and blood of William, Earl of Derby. |
| Citation | 7 Jas. 1. c.4Pr. |
| Territorial extent | |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 23 July 1610 |
| Commencement | 9 February 1610[a] |
| Repealed | 25 July 1991 |
| Other legislation | |
| Repealed by | Statute Law Revision (Isle of Man) Act 1991 |
Status: Repealed | |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
The original letters patent having been declared void, theParliament of England in 1609 underJames I passed a privateact of parliament entitled "An Act for assuring and establishing the Isle of Man in the name and blood of William, Earl of Derby", theAssurance of the Isle of Man Act 1609 (7 Jas. 1. c.4Pr.)[11] which established the title in law asLord of Mann. The lordship was conferred by letters patent dated 7 July 1609 upon William.[12] Subsequent succession was under the terms of this grant.[13]
In 1736, on the death ofJames Stanley, 10th Earl of Derby, the Duke of Atholl, a maternal grandson of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby, succeeded to the sovereignty of the Isle of Man, while a more distant cousin succeeded asEarl of Derby.
In 1765,Charlotte, Duchess of Atholl, 8th Baroness Strange, sold thesuzerainty of the island to theBritish government for £70,000 and an annuity of £2,000 (£5,235,000 and £150,000 respectively in modern terms). By the passage of theIsle of Man Purchase Act 1765, the title of Lord of Mann wasrevested into theBritish Crown. It has therefore since been used in the Isle of Man to refer to the reigningBritish monarch.
In 1828, all remaining property interests and rights of theDukes of Atholl on the island were sold toHM Treasury, a department of the British government, for the sum of £417,144, equivalent to £45,127,903 in 2023.[14][15] This was accomplished by theDuke of Atholl's Rights, Isle of Man Act 1825 (6 Geo. 4. c. 34).
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The Lord of Mann is now represented by theLieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man.