Longlin 隆林县 ·Lungzlinz Yen | |
|---|---|
| 隆林各族自治县 ·Lungzlinz Gakcuz Swciyen Longlin Various Nationalities Autonomous County | |
 Longlin County government | |
  Longlin Location of the seat in Guangxi | |
| Coordinates (Longlin County government):24°46′14″N105°20′38″E / 24.7706°N 105.3438°E /24.7706; 105.3438 | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Guangxi |
| Prefecture-level city | Baise |
| County seat | Xinzhou |
| Area | |
• Total | 3,452 km2 (1,333 sq mi) |
| Population (2019) | |
• Total | 437,907 |
| • Density | 126.9/km2 (328.6/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Website | http://www.gxll.gov.cn/ |
Longlin Various Nationalities Autonomous County (Chinese:隆林各族自治县;pinyin:Lónglín Gèzú Zìzhìxiàn) is anautonomous county, under the jurisdiction of theprefecture-level city ofBaise, in the west ofGuangxi, China, borderingGuizhou Province to the north and west.[1] As of 2019, the county's population was 437,907 people.[1]
The county is inhabited by severalethnic minorities, including theMiao,Yi,Gelao andZhuang, who constitute approximately 80% of the county's population.[2]
Present-day Longlin was first incorporated into theSong dynasty in 1253, when it fell under the jurisdiction ofAnlongdong as part of theSicheng Prefecture [zh].[1] In 1402, the area was reorganized asAnlong Prefecture, until 1666, when it was again reorganized asXilong Prefecture [zh].[1] Xilong Prefecture underwent administrative changes in 1729, but otherwise went unchanged until 1912, when theRepublic of China was established and the area was reorganized asXilong County.[1]
The area became part of thePeople's Republic of China in March 1950, and a communist-led local government was set up on March 18, 1950.[1] On January 1, 1953, the area was renamed from Xilong County to Longlin County.[1]
Longlin is bordered byTianlin County to the east,Xilin County to the south,Xingyi, Guizhou to the west, and byAnlong County andCeheng County inGuizhou Province to the north.[1] The county is home to theTianshengqiao I andTianshengqiao II dams, which sit along theNanpan River.[1]
| Climate data for Longlin, elevation 672 m (2,205 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33.2 (91.8) | 34.5 (94.1) | 38.0 (100.4) | 39.8 (103.6) | 40.5 (104.9) | 39.2 (102.6) | 37.7 (99.9) | 37.3 (99.1) | 37.4 (99.3) | 33.3 (91.9) | 32.5 (90.5) | 28.7 (83.7) | 40.5 (104.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) | 18.7 (65.7) | 23.0 (73.4) | 28.2 (82.8) | 30.2 (86.4) | 30.5 (86.9) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.2 (88.2) | 29.3 (84.7) | 25.0 (77.0) | 21.7 (71.1) | 16.7 (62.1) | 25.1 (77.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.5 (50.9) | 13.1 (55.6) | 16.9 (62.4) | 21.5 (70.7) | 24.1 (75.4) | 25.4 (77.7) | 25.8 (78.4) | 25.4 (77.7) | 23.6 (74.5) | 20.0 (68.0) | 16.1 (61.0) | 11.8 (53.2) | 19.5 (67.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.7 (45.9) | 9.5 (49.1) | 12.8 (55.0) | 16.8 (62.2) | 19.6 (67.3) | 21.8 (71.2) | 22.4 (72.3) | 21.8 (71.2) | 20.0 (68.0) | 16.9 (62.4) | 12.8 (55.0) | 8.8 (47.8) | 15.9 (60.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −2.0 (28.4) | 0.6 (33.1) | 2.2 (36.0) | 6.8 (44.2) | 10.4 (50.7) | 15.0 (59.0) | 16.4 (61.5) | 16.2 (61.2) | 10.3 (50.5) | 7.2 (45.0) | 2.5 (36.5) | −1.4 (29.5) | −2.0 (28.4) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 28.3 (1.11) | 19.3 (0.76) | 34.3 (1.35) | 56.5 (2.22) | 147.0 (5.79) | 238.4 (9.39) | 224.2 (8.83) | 168.8 (6.65) | 101.9 (4.01) | 76.5 (3.01) | 31.8 (1.25) | 20.1 (0.79) | 1,147.1 (45.16) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 11.6 | 9.4 | 10.5 | 11.0 | 13.5 | 17.0 | 17.3 | 16.0 | 11.4 | 12.4 | 8.1 | 8.4 | 146.6 |
| Average snowy days | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 81 | 76 | 73 | 71 | 74 | 81 | 83 | 82 | 81 | 83 | 82 | 81 | 79 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 63.3 | 89.4 | 113.6 | 158.0 | 170.8 | 143.1 | 162.6 | 181.1 | 150.6 | 106.9 | 116.7 | 81.4 | 1,537.5 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 19 | 28 | 30 | 41 | 41 | 35 | 39 | 45 | 41 | 30 | 36 | 25 | 34 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[3][4] | |||||||||||||
Longlin County is divided into 6towns and 10townships.[5][6] The county government is seated in the town ofXinzhou [zh] (新州镇).[5]
The county's 6 towns are Xinzhou,Yacha (桠杈镇),Tianshengqiao [zh] (天生桥镇),Pingban [zh] (平班镇),De'e (德峨镇), andLonghuo [zh] (隆或镇).[5][6]
The county's 10 townships areShali Township [zh] (沙梨乡),Zhebao Township [zh] (者保乡),Zhelang Township [zh] (者浪乡),Gebu Township [zh] (革步乡),Jinzhongshan Township [zh] (金钟山乡),Zhuchang Township [zh] (猪场乡),Shechang Township [zh] (蛇场乡),Kechang Township [zh] (克长乡),Yancha Township [zh] (岩茶乡), andJieting Township [zh] (介廷乡).[5][6]
As of 2010, the county had acrude birth rate of 20.04 per 1,000, and acrude death rate of 5.37 per 1,000, giving the county arate of natural increase of 14.67 per 1,000.[2]
| Ethnic group | 1995 Population[7] | 2019 Population[2] |
|---|---|---|
| Zhuang | 182,654 (53.74%) | 217,140 (49.59%) |
| Miao | 80,855 (23.79%) | 126,044 (28.78%) |
| Han | 70,720 (20.81%) | 85,435 (19.50%) |
| Yi | 3,152 (0.93%) | 5,281 (1.20%) |
| Gelao | 2,380 (0.7%) | 3,796 (0.87%) |
The Zhuang people of Longlin have various cultural similarities with theYue people who historically inhabited the area, including the use ofbronze drums [zh], as well as variousautonyms.[2] The towns ofXinzhou [zh],Tianshengqiao [zh], andPingban [zh], as well asZhebao Township [zh] andGebu Township [zh] all have significant Zhuang populations.[2]
The county is home to six different groups of Miao people:[2][7]
Despite these different groups within the Miao populations of Longlin, all groups share similar ethnic origins.[2] The Miao People of Longlin County are believed to be native toHubei andHunan who migrated southwest towardsGuizhou andYunnan, and later arrived in the region during the lateMing dynasty and earlyQing dynasty.[2] The probably reason for this migration appears connected to the Qing suppression of Miao uprisings in Guizhou andXiangxi.[2] The Miao People of Longlin County have many cultural similarities to Miao populations found in Guizhou, including shared folklore, linguistic dialects, naming conventions,toponymy, rituals, and celebrations.[2]
The towns ofXinzhou [zh] andDe'e, as well as the townships ofZhuchang Township [zh],Shechang Township [zh], andKechang Township [zh] all have significant Miao populations.[2] The former townships of Kechang, Changfa, and Changme also have considerable Miao populations.[8]
Longlin is home to a considerable amount of Yi (autonym:ŋo³³pʰu²¹[9]), who historically lived in westernYunnan.[2] Historical documents from theNanzhao State suggest that certain Yi populations left Yunnan to avoid inter-tribal violence.[2] Considerable Yi populations live inXinzhou [zh],De'e, andZhuchang Township [zh].[2] Within De'e, Yi people are concentrated in Agao (阿稿), Nadi (那地), Nongbao (弄保), Tangshi (塘石), and 10 other villages.[8] Yi are also found scattered across various villages inYancha Township [zh],Zhelang Township [zh], and the former townships of Changfa and Kechang.[citation needed]
The county'sGelao people moved to the area fromGuizhou during the earlyQing dynasty, with local legends suggesting that the reason for this migration could have been conflict or famine.[2]
In May 1990, a group of people known as the Lai (徕), who moved to the area from Guizhou during the earlyMing dynasty, were determined to be part of the Gelao people by the county government after a five-day hearing on the matter.[2] When the change was made in 1990, 978 people who were formerly classified as Lai in ethnicity were re-designated Gelao in ethnicity.[2]
The county's Gelao people are largely found inDe'e,Kechang Township [zh],Zhelang Township [zh],Yancha Township [zh], andShechang Township [zh].[2] The villages of Sanchong (三冲) and Moji (么基) have particularly large Gelao populations.[8]
The first migration of Han Chinese to the area took place shortly after theSong dynasty, and a document from 1673 suggests more than 10 Han families lived in area at the time.[2] Areas with large Han populations areXinzhou [zh],Yacha,Longhuo [zh],Tianshengqiao [zh],Yancha Township [zh],Jieting Township [zh],Shechang Township [zh],Kechang Township [zh],Zhebao Township [zh], andJinzhongshan Township [zh].[2]
The autonomous county is home to someBolyu people, anunrecognized ethnic minority.[10] The Bolyu mostly live in the northern portion of the autonomous county,[11] alongside local Miao populations.[12]
SomeLongjia people also live in the northern part of the county.
As of 2019, the county'sprimary sector accounts for 26.1% of the economy, thesecondary sector accounts for 19.5%, and thetertiary sector accounts for 54.4%.[13]
As of 2019, thedisposable income of the county's urban residents averages 32,508Yuan, and the disposable income of the county's rural residents averages 9,972 Yuan.[13]
Each year, at the beginning of thelunar new year, a festival in the village ofDe'e is held, featuring the music and dance of the various ethnic groups who live in the area.[14] Each ethnic group also has its own traditions to celebrate the lunar new year, some of which are shared across multiple different groups.[2]
The county's different peoples also have festivals unique to their own ethnicity, as well as festivals shared across multiple different ethnicities, such as theDragon Boat Festival and theDouble Third Festival.[2]
National Highway 324 runs through the county.[1]
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