Longhai 龙海区[1] Liông-hái, Lung-hai | |
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 Government offices in Longhai | |
  Longhai Location in Fujian | |
| Coordinates:24°27′N117°48′E / 24.450°N 117.800°E /24.450; 117.800 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Fujian |
| Prefecture-level city | Zhangzhou |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,117.17 km2 (431.34 sq mi) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 952,000 |
| • Density | 850/km2 (2,200/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Website | www |
| Longhai, Zhangzhou | |||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 龍海 | ||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 龙海 | ||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Dragon Sea | ||||||||||
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Longhai District[1] (simplified Chinese:龙海区;traditional Chinese:龍海區;pinyin:Lónghǎi Qū;Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Liông-hái-khu / Liông-hái-khi) is aDistrict inZhangzhou, in the south ofFujian province,China.[2]
Longhai spans an area of 1,117.17 square kilometres (431.34 sq mi),[2] and, as of 2016, it has a population of approximately 736,400.[3]
Following the revocation of thesea ban (haijin) in the lateMing,Yuegang (within present-dayHaicheng in Longhai) became a key port for China'ssilver trade withManila in theSpanishPhilippines. It was one of Fujian's four main commercial ports.[4][5]
It was formed from the merger of the former Longxi (Lungki) (龍溪縣;Liông-khe koān) andHaicheng (海澄縣;Hái-têng koān) counties on August 15, 1960.
Longhai located along the lower banks of theJiulong River, with mountainous terrain in its western, southern, and northern portions, and the Xiamen Bay to its east.[6] The city's highest point is Mount Dajian (大尖山) inChengxi [zh], which reaches 953.6 metres (3,129 ft) in elevation.[6] The city's lowest point is Jiujiejiao (九节礁) on Wuyu Island (浯屿岛) inGangwei, which lies 47 metres (154 ft) below sea level.[6] Longhai has three major river basins.[6]
| Climate data for Longhai, elevation 32 m (105 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.5 (83.3) | 28.7 (83.7) | 31.5 (88.7) | 33.5 (92.3) | 36.2 (97.2) | 36.5 (97.7) | 38.0 (100.4) | 37.6 (99.7) | 35.8 (96.4) | 34.5 (94.1) | 32.8 (91.0) | 27.0 (80.6) | 38.0 (100.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.4 (65.1) | 18.9 (66.0) | 21.2 (70.2) | 25.6 (78.1) | 28.9 (84.0) | 31.6 (88.9) | 34.1 (93.4) | 33.7 (92.7) | 32.1 (89.8) | 28.9 (84.0) | 25.1 (77.2) | 20.5 (68.9) | 26.6 (79.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) | 14.4 (57.9) | 16.6 (61.9) | 20.8 (69.4) | 24.5 (76.1) | 27.4 (81.3) | 29.2 (84.6) | 28.8 (83.8) | 27.4 (81.3) | 24.2 (75.6) | 20.4 (68.7) | 15.9 (60.6) | 22.0 (71.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.0 (51.8) | 11.6 (52.9) | 13.7 (56.7) | 17.7 (63.9) | 21.4 (70.5) | 24.5 (76.1) | 25.8 (78.4) | 25.6 (78.1) | 24.3 (75.7) | 20.8 (69.4) | 17.2 (63.0) | 12.8 (55.0) | 18.9 (66.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1.8 (35.2) | 0.7 (33.3) | 2.8 (37.0) | 8.0 (46.4) | 13.1 (55.6) | 16.1 (61.0) | 21.5 (70.7) | 19.7 (67.5) | 17.1 (62.8) | 11.7 (53.1) | 6.4 (43.5) | 0.7 (33.3) | 0.7 (33.3) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 44.2 (1.74) | 71.8 (2.83) | 104.9 (4.13) | 130.9 (5.15) | 197.4 (7.77) | 274.0 (10.79) | 172.0 (6.77) | 252.7 (9.95) | 142.9 (5.63) | 56.2 (2.21) | 39.3 (1.55) | 45.5 (1.79) | 1,531.8 (60.31) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 7.3 | 11.0 | 13.7 | 13.4 | 15.8 | 17.3 | 11.7 | 14.0 | 10.3 | 4.2 | 5.0 | 6.7 | 130.4 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 73 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 79 | 81 | 76 | 78 | 75 | 68 | 70 | 70 | 75 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 141.2 | 111.4 | 115.6 | 133.9 | 147.6 | 166.7 | 246.5 | 216.4 | 198.0 | 197.5 | 165.8 | 154.7 | 1,995.3 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 42 | 35 | 31 | 35 | 36 | 41 | 59 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 51 | 47 | 45 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[7][8] | |||||||||||||
Longhai's main urban area comprisesShima [zh]. The city's executive, legislature andjudiciary are located there, along with theCPC andPSB branches.
Longhai administers 12towns, 1township, 1ethnic township, 3township-level farms, 2 township-level tree farms, and 1development zones.[3][9]
Longhai's 12 towns areShima [zh],Haicheng,Jiaomei,Baishui,Fugong [zh],Chengxi [zh],Gangwei,Jiuhu [zh],Yancuo [zh],Bangshan [zh],Zini [zh], andDongyuan [zh].[9]
Longhai's sole township isDongsi Township [zh].[9]
Longhai's sole ethnic township isLongjiao She Ethnic Township [zh].[9]
Longhai's 3 township-level farms areShuangdi Overseas Chinese Farm (双第华侨农场),Chengxi Farm (程溪农场), and Longhai Seed Farm (良种场).[9]
Longhai's 2 township-level tree farms areJiulongling Tree Farm (九龙岭林场) andLinxia Tree Farm (林下林场).[9]
Longhai's sole development zone is theZhangzhou China Merchant's Group Development Zone [zh].[9] Strictly speaking, the zone stands within the territory of one or another of the city-administered towns, townships, etc. listed above.
As of 2016, the city has a population of 736,400, of which, 241,000 (32.7%) live in urban areas.[3] 50.55% of the population is reported as males, and 49.45% as females.[3] 20.05% of the population is under the age of 18, 25.50% are from ages 18 to 35, 37.70% are from ages 35–60, and 16.75% are over 60 years in age.[3]
As of 2016, the city'sgross domestic product totaled ¥45.768 billion, and the city's economy grew 9.3% from the previous year.[2] The mean annual disposable income of the city's urban residents totaled ¥31,621 that same year, and totaled ¥16,101 for rural residents.[2]
Companies with a presence in Longhai includeMaxxis,China National Offshore Oil Corporation,King Long,Fujian Zishan Group,Haixin Group, andChina Greenfresh.[2]
Longhai has a number of mineral deposits, and is home to 147 mining areas.[6] Major minerals mined in Longhai includegranite,tuff,peat,feldspar, andkaolin.[6] Significant amounts of mineral water is also extracted in the city.[6]
Longhai's only railway station isZhangzhou Railway Station.[2] The station is located in It is located near Hongtang Village (洪塘村),[citation needed] inYancuo [zh],[2] but, as its name indicates, it is actually closer to Zhangzhou's main urban area than to Longhai's.[citation needed] It is the junction of two high-speed rail lines: theLongyan-Xiamen Railway (opened in June 2012) and theXiamen-Shenzhen Railway (to open by 2013), which share their tracks from Zhangzhou to Xiamen.[citation needed]
Railway development plans also include the construction of a 45-km-long branch line from Zhangzhou Railway Station eastward, across most of Longhai City to terminate at theZhangzhou China Merchant's Group Development Zone [zh] inGangwei on the southwestern shore ofXiamen Harbor, oppositeXiamen Island (24°24′00″N118°03′00″E / 24.40000°N 118.05000°E /24.40000; 118.05000).[citation needed] The branch will be known as Gangwei Railway (港尾铁路), and will support trains running at speeds up to 120 km/h. Its opening is planned for 2013.[10]
TheZhangzhou Port tariff-free industrial export zone, is located inGangwei.[citation needed]
