Lodewijk van den Berg | |
|---|---|
 NASA portrait of Van den Berg in 1985. | |
| Born | (1932-03-24)March 24, 1932 Sluiskil, Netherlands |
| Died | October 16, 2022(2022-10-16) (aged 90) |
| Citizenship |
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| Alma mater | |
| Occupation | Chemical engineer |
| Space career | |
| EG&G Payload Specialist | |
Time in space | 7d 00h 08m |
| Missions | STS-51-B |
Mission insignia |  |
Lodewijk van den Berg (Dutch pronunciation:[ˈloːdəʋɛikfɑndə(m)ˈbɛr(ə)x];[a] March 24, 1932 – October 16, 2022) was a Dutch-born Americanchemical engineer. He studiedcrystal growth and flew on a 1985Space ShuttleChallenger mission as apayload specialist.
Van den Berg was born in theNetherlands and was anastronaut; he was anaturalized American and not a Dutch citizen when he flew on the Challenger.[b] He was married and had two children.[1] He lived in Florida and worked as a chief scientist at the Constellation Technology Corporation.[2][3]
Van den Berg was born inSluiskil, Netherlands. He was educated in the Netherlands and attended theTechnical University Delft from 1949 to 1961, where he graduated with anMSc degree inchemical engineering.[2] He then moved to the United States and went to theUniversity of Delaware where he obtained anMSc degree inapplied science in 1972 followed by aPhD in applied science in 1975.[1]
He then was offered a job atEG&G Corporation Energy Measurements inGoleta, California, working in crystal growth. EG&G was adefense contractor of the United States government and their business handled sensitive information in the field of science. Van den Berg was required to become a naturalized US citizen and became a US citizen in 1975. Van den Berg worked many years in research and acquired management experience in the preparation ofcrystalline materials—in particular, the growth of single crystals of chemical compounds, and the investigation of associated defect chemistry and electronic properties. He became an international authority on vapor growth techniques with an emphasis onmercuric iodide crystals and its application in the nuclear industry asgamma ray detectors. While working atEG&G, Van den Berg asked NASA for permission to conduct crystal growth experiments in space and NASA agreed.[1]
Van den Berg and his colleagues designed the EG&G Vapor Crystal Growth System experiment apparatus for a Space Shuttle flight. The experiment required an in-flight operator and NASA decided that it would be easier to train a crystal growth scientist to become an astronaut, than it would be the other way around. NASA asked EG&G and Van den Berg to compile a list of eight people who would qualify to perform the science experiments in space and to become aPayload Specialist. Van den Berg and his chief, Dr. Harold A. Lamonds could only come up with seven names. Lamonds proposed adding Van den Berg to the list, joking with Van den Berg that due to his age, large glasses, and little strength he would probably be dropped during the first selection round; but at least they would have eight names. Van den Berg agreed to be added to the list, but didn't really consider himself being selected to be a realistic scenario.[2][4]
Van den Berg easily passed the first round of tests. The final four candidates had to pass physical and mental exams while two of the other candidates failed the exams due to possible heart issues. He was now part of the final two; NASA always trains two astronauts, a prime and a back-up. In 1983 he started to train as an astronaut and six months before the launch he was told that he would be the prime astronaut, much to his own surprise. He was 53 years old when he went to space becoming one of the oldestrookie astronauts.[2][4]
Van den Berg was a payload specialist onSTS-51BChallenger (April 29 – May 6, 1985). STS-51B, the Spacelab-3 mission, was launched from theKennedy Space Center,Florida, and returned to land atEdwards Air Force Base,California. It was the first operationalSpacelab mission. The seven-man crew aboardChallenger conducted experiments in crystal growth, drop dynamics leading to container-less material processing, and atmospheric trace gas spectroscopy. Solar and planetary atmospheric simulation, cosmic rays, and laboratory-animal, and human medical monitoring experiments were performed.[5]
While a co-investigator of the Vapor Crystal Growth System (VCGS) experiment, Van den Berg supervised crystal growth aspects of the VCGS experiment.[6]
During the mission Van den Berg traveled over 2.9 million miles orbiting Earth 110 times and logged more than 168 hours in space.[1]
After returning to Earth, Van den Berg continued to work on crystal growth experiments at EG&G in California and he became the head of thematerials science section. He moved toFlorida becoming a chief scientist at theConstellation Technology Corporation. At age 72 he continued to work up to 40 hours a week and grow crystals, a process he compared to gardening.[4] The mercuric iodide crystals he grew[7] are used to make precision detectors fornuclear radiation. The detectors are used in medical applications, by the defense industry, and by theInternational Atomic Energy Agency.[4]
Van den Berg visited the Netherlands every two years,[2] and was the subject of a short 2004 documentary, namedThe "Forgotten Astronaut", by the tv-showNetwerk on the Dutch public broadcasting channelNederland 2.[4] InTerneuzen, which is a city five miles fromSluiskil, a secondary school has been named after him, i.e. theLodewijk College.[8]
Van den Berg died on October 16, 2022, at the age of 90.[3]
On September 28, 2007, amain beltasteroid 11430 (9560 P-L) was named after him; it is now known as11430 Lodewijkberg. The asteroid was discovered on October 17, 1960, byCornelis Johannes van Houten andIngrid van Houten-Groeneveld atLeiden Observatory. They were studyingphotographic plates taken byTom Gehrels using thePalomar Observatory'sSamuel Oschin telescope.[9][10]
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