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Indian Railways operatesIndia's railway system and comes under the purview of theMinistry of Railways ofGovernment of India. As of 2025^[update], it maintains over 108,706 km (67,547 mi) of tracks and operates over 15,000 passenger and 10,000 freight trains daily with a fleet of more than 17,000locomotives.^[1][2] The railways primarily operates a fleet ofelectric anddiesel locomotives along with a fewcompressed natural gas (CNG) locomotives.Steam locomotives are operated onmountain railways and onheritage trains. As of October 2025, Indian Railways had 13,035 electric and 4,165 diesel locomotives.^[1][2]

The history of the Indian Railway began in 1832 with the proposal to construct the first railway line in India atMadras. In 1837, the first train ran on Red Hill railwayline betweenRed Hills andChintadripet in Madras and was hauled by arotary steam engine imported fromEngland.^[3][4] In 1852, asteam locomotive imported from England was tried atByculla.^[5] In 1853, the first passenger train ran betweenBombay andThane which had 14-carriages hauled by three steam locomotives: the Sahib, Sindh and Sultan.^[6] In 1877, anAjmer built F-1/734 Steam Locomotive became the first indigenously built locomotive in India.^[7] In 1925, the firstelectric train ran between Bombay andKurla, hauled by aSwiss Locomotive and Machine Works (SLM) 2,400 hp (1,800 kW) electric locomotive on1500 V DC traction.^[3][8] The firstdiesel locomotive used in India was fabricated byNorth British Locomotive Company in 1954.^[9]

Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, commissioned in 1950, was the first locomotive manufacturing unit in India.^[10]Banaras Locomotive Works, commissioned in 1961, is the second locomotive manufacturing unit operated by Indian Railways.^[11] In the 1960s,Integral Coach Factory-Chennai (ICF) started developing self-propelledelectric multiple units for short-haul and local routes.^[12][13]BHEL andPatiala Locomotive Works, established in 1981, also manufacture locomotives in India.^[14] In 2015, the firstcompressed natural gas (CNG) powered trains were rolled out by ICF.^[15] In 2018, a semi-high speed self-propelledtrain-set capable of reaching speeds of over 160 km/h (99 mph) was rolled out from ICF.^[16][17] As of 2025^[update], Indian Railways maintains over 108,706 km (67,547 mi) of tracks and operates over 15,000 passenger and 10,000 freight trains daily with a fleet of over 17,000 locomotives.^[18][19] As of October 2025, Indian Railways had 13,035 electric and 4,165 diesel locomotives amongst others.^[1][2]

Locomotives are classified bytrack gauge,motive power, function,power rating and model in a four- or five-letter code.^[20] The locomotives may beLonger Hood Front (LHF), where the driver cabin is behind the hood of the engine orShort Hood Front (SHF), where the cabin is located towards the front.^[20]

In 1925, the first electric train ran between Bombay and Kurla, hauled by a imported SLM locomotive on a DC traction.^[21] In 1927, the first electric locomotive hauled passenger train was pulled by an imported WCP-1.^[8] In 1957, Indian Railways adopted 25 kV 50 Hz AC traction with the first runs beginning in December 1959 with the WAM-1 locomotives.^[21]

Broad-gauge

Broad-gauge Electric Locomotives^[21][8][1]

Traction	Usage	Name	Image	Manufacturer	Axles	Number built	Production	Power (HP)	Status
WCP series
DC	Passenger	WCP-1		SLM	2-Bo-A1	22	1928-30	2160	Retired
		WCP-2		SLM	2-Bo-A1	1	1938	2160	Retired
		WCP-3		Hawthorn Leslie	2-Co-2	1	1928	2250	Retired
		WCP-4		Hawthorn Leslie,BBC	2-Co-2	1	1928	2390	Retired
WCM series
DC	Mixed	WCM-1		English Electric	Co-Co	7	1954-55	3170	Retired
		WCM-2		English Electric	Co-Co	12	1956-57	2810	Retired
		WCM-3		Hitachi	Co-Co	3	1958	2460	Retired
		WCM-4		Hitachi	Co-Co	7	1960	3290	Retired
		WCM-5		CLW	Co-Co	21	1961-63	3700	Retired
		WCM-6		CLW	Co-Co	2	1995	5000	Retired
WCG series
DC	Goods	WCG-1		SLM	C-C	41	1925-29	2400	Retired
		WCG-2		CLW	Co-Co	57	1970-76	1640	Retired
WAM series
AC	Mixed	WAM-1		50 cycles group[a]	B-B	100	1959-60	2870	Retired
		WAM-2		Mitsubishi	Bo-Bo	36	1960-64	2790	Retired
		WAM-3		Mitsubishi	Bo-Bo	2	1964	2790	Retired
		WAM-4		CLW	Co-Co	500	1970-83	3640	Retired
WAP series
AC	Passenger	WAP-1		CLW	Co-Co	65	1980-96	3760	In service
		WAP-3		CLW	Co-Co	9	1987-88	3760	Retired
		WAP-4		CLW	Co-Co	778	1994-2015	5000	In service
		WAP-5		ABB,CLW	Bo-Bo	249	1995-present	6000	In service
		WAP-6		CLW	Co-Co	17	1995-98	5000	Some variants of wap 6 has been Retired/Others are converted to wap 4e and Operational
		WAP-7		CLW,BLW,PLW	Co-Co	1959	2000-present	6350	In service
WDAP Series
Electric +Diesel (Dual Mode)	Passenger	WDAP-5		BLW	Co-Co	1	2019	5500	In service (trials)
WAG series
AC	Goods	WAG-1		SNCF,CLW	B-B	112	1963-66	2900	Retired
		WAG-2		Hitachi,Mitsubishi	B-B	45	1964-65	3180	Retired
		WAG-3		Henschel,CLW	B-B	10	1965	3150	Retired
		WAG-4		CLW	B-B	186	1966-69	3150	Retired
		WAG-5		CLW,BHEL	Co-Co	1196	1984-98	3900	In service
		WAG-6A		ASEA	Bo-Bo-Bo	6	1987-89	6000	Retired
		WAG-6B/C		Hitachi	Bo-Bo-Bo	12	1988	6110	Retired
		WAG-7		CLW	Co-Co	2007	1992-2015	5000	In service
		WAG-8		BHEL	Co-Co	1	1990	5000	Retired
		WAG-9		ABB,CLW	Co-Co	84	1996-present	6000	In service
		WAG-9H		CLW,BHEL,BLW,PLW	Co-Co	6073	2006-present	6000	In service
		WAG-9I		CLW	Co-Co	43	2010-present	6000	In service
		WAG-9HH/EF-9K		CLW	Co-Co	57	2020-present	9000	In service
		WAG-9EF-12K		CLW	Co-Co+Co-Co	82	2023-present	12000	In service
		WAG-10		BLW	Co-Co-Co-Co	1	2018-present	10000	In service
		WAG-11		BLW	Co-Co-Co-Co	4	2018-present	12000	In service
		WAG-12		Alstom,ELF	Bo-Bo-Bo-Bo	520	2017-present	12000	In service
		WAG D-9		Siemens	Co-Co		2025-present	9000	commissioning
WCAM series
Dual (DC/AC)	Mixed	WCAM-1		CLW	Co-Co	54	1975-79	2930 (DC) 3640 (AC)	Retired
		WCAM-2		CLW	Co-Co	20	1995-96	3780 (DC) 4720 (AC)	In service
		WCAM-3		BHEL	Co-Co	53	1997-98	4600 (DC) 5000 (AC)	In service
WCAG series
Dual (DC/AC)	Goods	WCAG-1		BHEL	Co-Co	12	1999-2000	4600 (DC) 5000 (AC)	In service

Metre-gauge

Metre-gauge Electric Locomotives^[22]

Traction	Usage	Name	Image	Manufacturer	Axles	Number built	Production	Power (|HP)	Status
DC	Goods	YCG-1		English Electric	Bo-Bo	4	1930	640	Retired
AC	Mixed	YAM-1		Mitsubishi	B-B	20	1964-66	1740	Retired

Electric multiple units

In 1925, the Electric Multiple Units (EMU) introduced in Bombay were 1.5KV DC units imported were fromCammell Laird andUerdingenwagonfabrik.^[21] In the 1960s, EMUs were developed by Integral Coach Factory (ICF) in Chennai. Indian Railways uses multiple DC units in operation in several suburban sections which are classified from WCU-1 through WCU-15. BHEL developed AC-DC dual use EMUs which can run on 25kV AC and 1.5kV DC traction lines.^[21] In the late 1990s, MEMUs were developed which ran on 25KV AC power. AC Electric multiple units are designated WAU-1 to WAU-4.^[23] In 2019, ICF rolled out three-phase AC units to replace conventional DC units.^[24]

In 1954, the firstdiesel locomotive was used in India, which was manufactured by North British Locomotive Company.^[9] In 1958,WDM-1, the first locomotive used for mainline traffic was imported fromALCO.^[25] In 1964, the first broad-gaugeWDM-2 diesel locomotive was rolled out by Banaras Locomotive Works.^[11]

Broad-gauge

Broad-gauge Diesel Locomotives^{[2][22][11][26]}

Usage	Name	Numbers	Image	Manufacturer	Axles	Number built	Production	Power (HP)	Status
WDM series
Mixed	WDM-1	17000-17099		ALCO	Co-Co	100	1957-59	1950	Retired
	WDM-2	16000-16887, 17100-17999, 18040-18079, 18112-18514, 18523-18900, 18903-18999		ALCO,BLW	Co-Co	2700	1962-98	2600	Retired
	WDM-2G	80000,80001		BLW	Co-Co	2	2013	2400	Retired
	WDM-3	18515-18522		Henschel	Bo-Bo	8	1970	2500	Retired
	WDM-3A	13xxx, 14001-14057, 14058-14143, 16000-		BLW	Co-Co	1431	1994-98	3100	In service
	WDM-3D	11101 - 11590		BLW	Co-Co	500	2003-13	3300	In service
	WDM-4	18000-039, 18080-18111		GM	Co-Co	72	1962	2600	Retired
	WDM-6	18901,18902		BLW	Bo-Bo	2	1981-82	1350	Retired
	WDM-7	11001-11015		BLW	Co-Co	15	1987-89	2000	In service
WDP series
Passenger	WDP-1	15001-15069		BLW,ALCO	Bo-Bo	69	1995-99	2300	In service
	WDP-3A	15501-15544		BLW,ALCO	Co-Co	44	1998-2002	3100	In service
	WDP-4	20000-20103, 40001-40608		EMD,BLW	Co-Co	711	2002-18	4000	In service
WDG series
Goods	WDG-2/3A	14501-14999, 13000-13665		BLW	Co-Co	2004	1995-2010	3100	In service
	WDG-4	12001-12999, 70001-70190		EMD,BLW	Co-Co	1188	1999-2018	4500	In service
	WDG-4D	70301-70882, 12681		BLW	Co-Co	583	2012-2018	4500	In service
	WDG-4G	49001-49700		GE Transportation,DLF	Co-Co	468	2017-present	4500	In service
	WDG-5	50001-50007		BLW	Co-Co	7	2012-17	5500	In service
	WDG-6G	69001-69300		GE Transportation,DLF	Co-Co	92	2018-present	6000	In service
WDS series
Shunter	WDS-1	19000-19014		GE	Bo-Bo	15	1944-45	386	Retired
	WDS-2	19016-19045		Krauss-Maffei	C	30	1954-55	440	Retired
	WDS-3	19046-19052		Maschinenbau Kiel	C	7	1961	618	Retired
	WDS-4	19057-19732		CLW	C	662	1968-97	600-700	Retired
	WDS-5	19087-19107		ALCO,BLW	Co-Co	21	1967	1065	Retired
	WDS-6			BLW	Co-Co	270	1975–present	1400	In service
	WDS-8			CLW	Bo-Bo	5	1979-82	800	Retired

In 2009, aYDM-4 locomotive was converted to a broad gauge shunter byGolden Rock Railway Workshop, codenamed WCDS-6, with C for "Converted" and delivered toRITES.^[27]

Metre-gauge

Metre-gauge Diesel Locomotives^{[2][22][11][26]}

Usage	Name	Image	Manufacturer	Axles	Number built	Production	Power (HP)	Status
YDM series
Mixed	YDM-1		NBL	B-B	20	1955-56	700	Retired
	YDM-2		CLW	B-B	41	1986-90	700	Retired
	YDM-3		EMD	B-B	30	1961-62	1390	Retired
	YDM-4		ALCO,BLW	Co-Co	541	1961–93	1400	In service
	YDM-5		GM	C-C	25	1964	1390	Retired

2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge

2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge Diesel Locomotives^{[2][22][11][26]}

Usage	Name	Image	Manufacturer	Axles	Number built	Production	Power (HP)	Status
ZDM series
Mixed	ZDM-1		Arnold Jung	B-B	5	1955	290	Retired
	ZDM-2		Maschinenbau Kiel	B-B	25	1964-65	700	Retired
	ZDM-3		CLW	B-B	40	1970-82	700	In service
	ZDM-4		CLW	1-B-B-1	49	1975-90	700	In service
	ZDM-5		CLW	B-B	41	1989	450	In service

2 ft (610 mm) gauge

2 ft (610 mm) gauge Diesel Locomotives^{[2][22][11][26]}

Usage	Name	Image	Manufacturer	Axles	Number built	Production	Power (HP)	Status
NDM series
Mixed	NDM-1		Arnold Jung	B-B	7	1955	290	In service
	NDM-5		CLW	B-B	11	1987-89	450	In service
	NDM-6		SAN	B	6	1997	335	In service

Diesel railcars and multiple units

In 1958, theCommonwealth Engineering of Australia supplied an unknown number of 400 hp (300 kW), 83-seat broad-gaugediesel-mechanical railcars to Indian Railways, classified as WRD-1. Powered by a pair of 200 hpLeyland engines, it had an axle arrangement of 1A-1A1, and a top speed of 110 km/h (68 mph).^[28][29]

In 1993-94,diesel multiple units (DMU) were introduced into service. Depending on their transmission system, they are classified as DEMU (diesel-electric transmission) or DHMU (diesel-hydraulic transmission).^[23] With increase in electrifiction, DEMUS have been replaced by MEMUs in stages.^[23]

Broad-gauge Dual Locomotives^[30][31]

Usage	Name	Image	Manufacturer	Axles	Number built	Production	Power (HP)	Status
Passenger	WDAP-5		BLW	Co-Co	1	2019-	4500 (Diesel) 5500 (AC)	In trials

Broad-gauge

Indian Railways locomotives:(clockwise from upper left) HPS, NRM WP 7200, B-26 and YP-class locomotives

In the 19th century, the railway companies ordered custom-built steam locomotives, usually fromBritish manufacturers. With non-standardized and multiple designs, manufacturing cost was high and production was slow. During the 1890s, Indian railway companies imported locomotives fromGermany and theUnited States when British manufacturers were suffering from work outages.^[32] List of locomotives used below:

• Bengal Nagpur Railway:
  • Class F:0-6-0
  • Class GM:2-6-0 (probably modified)
  • BNR class HSG:2-8-0+0-8-2Garratt locomotive, first Garratt locomotive
  • Class M:4-6-2 (probably modified)
  • BNR class N:4-8-0+0-8-4 Garratt, India's largest locomotive; One is preserved at theNational Rail Museum, New Delhi
  • BNR class NM: Ten were built in 1931 byBeyer, Peacock & Company; withdrawn in the late 1960s
  • BNR class P:4-8-2+2-8-4 Garratt, four were built by Beyer, Peacock & Company in 1939; withdrawn in the early 1970s
• Bombay, Baroda & Central India Railway:
  • BB&CI class P:4-6-2
  • Class A:2-4-0T, anAtlantic; was at thePalej shed
  • Class U36:0-4-2, used on hauling suburban trains in Bombay
  • Class D1:4-4-0, one was namedPrincess May
  • Class M:4-6-2
• East Indian Railway Company:
  • Class CT:0-6-4T, converted to asuperheater
  • EIR class G:2-2-2T, first two namedExpress andFairy Queen; Built in 1855, the latter is the world's oldest locomotive to be in working order and was rebuilt by ICF; Housed atEast Indian Railway (EIR)
  • EIR class P:4-6-0
• Great Indian Peninsula Railway:
  • Sultan,Sahib andSindh: Hauled the first passenger train in 1853
  • Lord Falkland:0-6-0
  • GIPR classes Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4:0-8-4T, Used onThal Ghat asbankers for pushing trains up theWestern Ghats.
  • GIPR Class F and F3: 2-6-0
  • GIPR class J1: 0-6-0
  • Class D4: 4-6-0, one is namedHero
  • Class D5: 4-6-0 passenger locomotive
  • Class E1: 4-4-2 Atlantic built by the North British Locomotive Company in 1907–8; Rebuilt with a superheater between 1925 and 1928.
  • Class T: Tank locomotive used for hauling Mumbai suburban trains
  • Class Y: 2-8-4T
  • Crane tank: 0-6-0T, one is preserved at the National Rail Museum in New Delhi
• Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway:
  • M&SM class V: 4-4-0, one is preserved.
  • Class BTC: 2-6-4T, based onBESA specifications
  • Class T: 0-4-2; one is preserved in Chennai
• Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway:
  • NSR class A: 2-6-0T, No. 48, an Atlantic preserved at the National Rail Museum, Delhi
• North Western State Railway:
  • Class EM: 4-4-2, one is preserved at the National Rail Museum
  • NWR class GAS: 2-6-2+2-6-2 Garratt, one built in 1925 and retired in 1937
  • NWR class P: 2-4-0
  • Class E1: 4-4-2
  • Class N1: 4-8-0
• Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway:
  • Class B26: 0-6-0, one is preserved at the National Rail Museum
• Others:
  • Class B: 2-6-0
  • Class E: 2-4-0
  • Class F: 2-8-2, built between 1926 and 1950 byNasmyth Wilson for service onCentral Railway (CR)
  • Class G: 2-6-0, probably intended for freight
  • Class NA2
  • Class PTC: 2-6-4T, owned by Northern Railway (NR); probably a converted passenger locomotive
  • Class Y2: 2-8-2T, reclassified L2
  • Phoenix: 0-4-0T, one is at the National Rail Museum
  • Ramgotty: 2-2-0T, the National Rail Museum's oldest locomotive, it was converted to broad gauge

In the early 1900s, the British Engineering Standards Committee (later theBritish Engineering Standards Association) began designing a series of locomotives for use by Indian railways. The first two designs emerged in 1903: a4-4-0 passenger and0-6-0 goods. They were revised in 1905 and 1906 with additional heavier, more-powerful locomotives:^[33]

• Class SP: Standard passenger (4-4-0)
• Class SG: Standard goods (0-6-0)
• Class PT: Passenger tank (2-6-4T)
• Class HP: Heavy passenger (4-6-0)
• Class AP: Atlantic passenger (4-4-2)
• Class HG: Heavy goods (2-8-0)
• Class HT: Heavy tank (2-8-2T)

These advisory BESA designs were customized by the railway companies, which used different classification systems; only the state-operated railways used the class designations SP, SG, PT, HP, AP, HG and HT. Whensuperheating was accepted, superheated versions were classified SPS, SGS and so on (if built with superheaters) and SPC, SGC and so on (if converted fromsaturated to superheated).^[33]

Indian Railways locomotives: 1935 XP class(left) and 1927 XB class

After World War I, larger and more-powerful locomotives were designed by British consulting engineers for the Indian government. They began to operate from 1927:^[34]

• Class XA: branch passenger4-6-2 design, 12.5-tonaxle load
• Class XB: light passenger 4-6-2 design, 17-ton axle load
• Class XC: heavy passenger 4-6-2 design, 19.5-ton axle load
• Class XD: Light goods2-8-2 design, 17-ton axle load
• Class XE: heavy goods 2-8-2 design, 22.5-ton axle load

• Class XF: light shunting0-8-0 design, 18-ton axle load
• Class XG: heavy shunting 0-8-0 design, 23-ton axle load
• Class XH: 4-cylinder 2-8-2, 28-ton axle load; none were built
• Class XP: experimental passenger 4-6-2, 18.5-ton axle load
• Class XS: experimental 4-cylinder 4-6-2, 21.5-ton axle load
• Class XT: light tank0-4-2T, 15-ton axle load

DuringWorld War II, large numbers of 2-8-2 locomotives were acquired from the United States and Canada and classified AWD and CWD. The Baldwin Locomotive Works adapted theUSATC S160 Class locomotive design for India, and it becameclass AWC.^[35] Sixty broad-gauge locomotives were built in 1944 as part of an order of 180 S160 engines. In addition to modified frame spreaders, axles, cylinders, and cab, the Indian locomotives had aturbo generator and electric lighting (not included in the standard European design). Many parts (including boilers) were identical to those in standard-gauge locomotives.^[36]

(clockwise from upper left) WL- and YG-class locomotives; an M2-162, and a display engine inGuntur Division

Although new classes were designed shortly before the war, many did not enter service until the post-war period. The new classes were indicated by the change of broad-gauge prefix fromX toW, and plans were implemented to begin manufacturing locomotives in India. The new classes were:^[37]

• Class WP: passenger 4-6-2, 18.50-ton axle load
• Class WG: goods 2-8-2, 18.50-ton axle load
• Class WL (1st): light 4-6-2, 16.00-ton axle load (four for North Western Railway in 1939; all toPakistan duringpartition of India)
• Class WL (2nd): light 4-6-2, 16.75-ton axle load
• Class WM:2-6-4T, 16.25-ton axle load
• Class WT:2-8-4T, 18.00-ton axle load
• Class WU:2-4-2T, 16.50-ton axle load
• Class WV:2-6-2T, 16.25-ton axle load
• Class WW:0-6-2T, 16.50-ton axle load

All broad-gauge steam locomotives in India have been withdrawn from normal service, with only occasional steam specials continuing to operate.

Metre-gauge

• Nilgiri Mountain Railway X class
• BESA designs:
  • Passenger (4-6-0)
  • Mixed (4-6-0)
  • Goods (4-8-0)
  • Tank (2-6-2T)
• Indian Railway Standards designs of the late 1920s
  • Class YA: 4-6-2 with 9-ton axle load (none built)
  • Class YB: 4-6-2 with 10-ton axle load (161 built for India and 50 for Burma)
  • Class YC: 4-6-2 with 12-ton axle load (15 built for India and 13 for Burma)
  • Class YD: 2-8-2 with 10-ton axle load (171 built for India, 61 for Burma, and 25 for East Pakistan)
  • Class YE: 2-8-2 with 12-ton axle load (none built)
  • Class YF: 0-6-2 with 8-ton axle load; later examples were 2-6-2 (111 built for India)
  • Class YK: 2-6-0 version of the 2-6-2 YF, 8-ton axle load (25 built for India)
  • Class YT: 0-4-2T with 8-ton axle load (2 built for India)
• Wartime designs:
  • Class MAWD: 2-8-2USATC S118 Class
  • Class MWGX: 4-6-2+2-6-4 Garratt
• Indian Railway Standards post war designs
  • Class YL: 2-6-2 mixed traffic locomotive with 8-ton axle load (264 built 1953–1957)
  • Class YG: 2-8-2 goods locomotive with 101⁄2-ton axle load (1074 built 1949–1972)
  • Class YP: 4-6-2 passenger locomotive with 101⁄2-ton axle load (871 built 1949–1970)
  • Class YM 2-6-4T with 9-ton axle load (12 built 1956)

2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge

• Barsi Light Railway:
  • Class A: 0-8-4T
  • Class B: 4-8-4T
  • Class C: 0-6-0ST
  • Class D: 0-4-0
  • Class E: Sentinel railcars
  • Class F: 2-8-2
  • Class G: 4-6-4
• Indian Railway Standards:
  • Class ZA: 2-6-2 with 4.5-ton axle load (none built)
  • Class ZB: 2-6-2 with 6-ton axle load
  • Class ZC: 2-8-2 with 6-ton axle load (none built)
  • Class ZD: 4-6-2 with 8-ton axle load (none built)
  • Class ZE: 2-8-2 with 8-ton axle load
  • Class ZF: 2-6-2T with 8-ton axle load

2 ft (610 mm) gauge

• Darjeeling Himalayan Railway:
  • DHR A Class: 0-4-0WT;
  • DHR B Class: 0-4-0ST; #777 and#778 preserved
  • DHR C Class: 4-6-2
  • DHR D Class: 0-4-0+0-4-0 Garratt
• Matheran Light Railway:
  • MLR 1-4:0-6-0T
• Indian Railway Standards (none built):
  • QA: 2-6-2 with 4.5-ton axle load
  • QB: 2-6-2 with 6-ton axle load
  • QC: 2-8-2 with 6-ton axle load

In 2015, the firstcompressed natural gas (CNG) powered Multiple unites were rolled out by ICF.^[15] In 2020,Southern Railway zone introduced the first battery/AC dual shunter termed as WAG5HA with "H" for hybrid.^[38]

India unveiled its first indigenously designed and manufacturedhydrogen-powered train on August 13, 2025, marking a significant step towards the nation's goal of achievingnet-zero carbon emissions by 2030.^[39]

• Rail transport in India
• List of locomotive builders

^[1]

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