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The termslocal programme,local programming,local content orlocal television refers to atelevision program made by atelevision station or independenttelevision producer forbroadcast only within the station's transmission area ortelevision market. Local programmes can encompass the whole range of programmegenres but will usually only cover subjects or people of particular interest to anaudience within the station'scoverage area.
For example, a local sports programme will present results, interviews and coverage of games or matches, just like a network sports programme, but it would only feature teams and players from within the broadcaster's transmission area.
In some cases atelevision network programme may include a local element as well. This is particularly the case in theUnited Kingdom and still happens today[when?] withPolitics Show. TheBBC regions will allopt-out at the same time from the main programme to present a locally produced segment.
Sometimes locally made programmes that are not too specific to the transmission area, will be sold to other local stations for broadcast in their region.
Historically there was a large percentage of local programming on television. Late in the 20th century this has significantly fallen.[1][2][3][4][5][6] In many cases the only local programmes on a television station today will be thelocal newscast.[7]
The above can also apply toradio. A nationalradio network may have local studios or affiliates who opt-out at various times to present local programs and content.
In the late-1950s, many of the early Australian television series such asMelbourne Magazine (1957),Sydney Tonight (1956–1959), andTV Talent Scout (1957–1958) were broadcast in only a single city.
In Canada, historically local television stations produced a significant volume of local programming, including newscasts, locally or regionally oriented talk shows, and variety entertainment programs such asTiny Talent Time orHomegrown Cafe; a few stations, such asCHCH-TV inHamilton,Ontario andCJOH inOttawa, also distributed some of their local programming more widely throughtelevision syndication, most notably CHCH'sHilarious House of Frightenstein and CJOH'sYou Can't Do That on Television, both of which were broadcast across both Canada and theUnited States.
With the cross-nationalconsolidation of Canadian media ownership in the 1990s and 2000s, network-affiliated stations now rarely produce much more than their own local or regional newscasts, although some stations may continue to produce a small amount of additional local programming. Independent stations may produce more local programming, although such stations are now rare in the Canadian media landscape.
In radio, virtually all Canadian commercial radio stations are officially programmed locally, although many stations cut costs by contracting some dayparts out tovoice-tracked hosts who are not actually located in the station's physical studio or even necessarily in the same city, using ahome studio, and may even be performing their show from the United States. TheCBC Radio One,CBC Radio 2,Ici Radio-Canada Première andIci Musique networks consist primarily of networked national programming, although all includesome degree of local programming in certain time blocks. Radio One and Première stations have a significant number of production centres which create and air their own local morning and/or afternoon talk shows, while Radio 2's and Ici Musique's local content is limited to local news and weather updates.
The term is also generally accepted to refer to television programming that is not produced by a broadcast or other media source for national or international distribution (broadcast syndication). Usually programming of local interest is produced by either aPublic, educational, and government access (PEG) television organization,cable TV operator orbroadcast networkaffiliate stations that offer localradio news andtelevision news.
Additionally, the term is used in a more generic form in the United States,Canada,Mexico and other countries in theWestern Hemisphere as aplaceholder term within published national program guide listings in publications such as the post-2006 formatTV Guide orUSA Today which only carry the default schedules of national networks, where the "local programming" designation replaces detailed listings for a local station that would be impossible to print in a national publication. Outside of local newscasts and some rare non-news programming however, the term merely describes time periods under a local station's control, wheresyndicated content airs rather than true local programming. For equivalentelectronic program guide listings forset-top boxes, the term is used mainly withPEG stations and networks which do not have a schedule compiled by a cable operator as a default placeholder; other instances are with only broadcast stations who outright refuse or do not release their program listings due to lack of staff, though as advertisers usually demand a minimum schedule to place their ads on a television station (and most of these stations are associated with smaller nationaldigital subchannel networks which do provide a default schedule for distribution), the vast majority of broadcast stations do provide program listings. Wikipedia itself also uses this designation in its series ofAmerican network television schedule articles for non-network programming time.
Manylocal television stations in the United Kingdom ceased broadcasting due to a lack of viability, but some stations are still being broadcast, including: