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Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromLo Yang-class destroyer)
Class of American destroyers

USSLyman K. Swenson in 1955
Class overview
NameAllen M. Sumner class
Builders
Operators
Preceded byFletcher class
Succeeded byGearing class
Subclasses
Cost$8 million, excluding armament
In commission1943–75 (USN)
Planned70
Completed58
Cancelled12 (completed asRobert H. Smith class minelayers)
Lost4, plus 2 not repaired
PreservedUSS Laffey
General characteristics
TypeDestroyer
Displacement
  • 2,200–2,220 tons standard
  • 3,515 tons full load
Length
  • 369 ft (112 m)waterline
  • 376 ft 6 in (114.76 m) overall
  • 376 ft (115 m) overall (DD 725–728 & 730–734)
Beam
  • 41 ft (12.5 m)
  • 40 ft (12 m) (DD 692–709)
  • 40 ft 9 in (12.42 m) (DD 744)
  • 41 ft 3 in (12.57 m) (DD 770–776)
Draft
  • 15 ft 9 in (4.80 m) normal
  • 19 ft (5.8 m) full load
  • 18 ft 9 in (5.72 m) full load (DD 735-40 & 749–751 & 771–773)
Propulsion4Babcock & Wilcox orFoster Wheelerboilers; twoGeneral Electric orWestinghousegearedsteam turbines, 60,000shp (45 MW) total; two shafts
Speed34knots (63 km/h; 39 mph)
Range
  • 6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km; 6,900 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
  • 503 tons oil fuel (except DD 692–709 500 tons, DD 735–740 515 tons)
Complement336–363
Sensors and
processing systems
Armament

TheAllen M. Sumner class was a group of 58destroyers built by the United States duringWorld War II. Another twelve ships were completed asdestroyer minelayers. The class was named forAllen Melancthon Sumner, an officer in theUnited States Marine Corps. Often referred to as simply theSumner, this class was distinguished from the previousFletcher class by their twin5-inch/38 caliber gun mounts, dual rudders, additionalanti-aircraft weapons, and many other advancements. TheAllen M. Sumner design was extended 14 feet (4.3 m) amidships to become theGearing class, which was produced in larger numbers but did not see significant service in World War II.

Completed in 1943–45, four Sumners were lost in the war and two were damaged so badly they were scrapped, but the surviving ships served in the US Navy into the 1970s. After being retired from the US fleet, 29 of them were sold to other navies, where they served many more years.One still exists as amuseum ship in South Carolina.

Description

[edit]
World War II Destroyer Shipbuilders map from Department of Defense (DoD)

The first ship was laid down in May 1943, while the last was launched in April 1945. In that time, the United States produced 58Allen M. Sumner-class destroyers. TheAllen M. Sumner class was an improvement of the previousFletcher class, which were built from 1941 until 1944. In addition to three twin5-inch/38 caliber gun mounts replacing theFletchers' five single mounts, theSumners had twin rudders, giving them better maneuverability forASW work when compared to theFletchers. The 5-inch guns were guided by aMark 37 Gun Fire Control System with a Mark 25fire control radar linked by aMark 1A Fire Control Computer stabilized by a Mark 6 8,500 rpm gyro. Thisfire control system provided effective long-range anti-aircraft (AA) or anti-surface fire. TheAllen M. Sumners also had larger set of short-range anti-aircraft armament than theFletchers, with 1240 mm guns and 1120 mm guns compared with the 10 40 mm and 7 20 mm complement typical of a late-war standardFletcher. The initial design retained theFletchers' heavytorpedo armament of 10 21-inch (533 mm) tubes in two quintuple mounts, firing theMark 15 torpedo. As the threat fromkamikaze aircraft mounted in 1945, and with few remainingJapanese warships to use torpedoes on, most of the class had the aft quintuple 21-inch torpedo tube mount replaced by an additional 40 mm quadruple mount for 16 total 40 mm guns.[1][2]

TheAllen M. Sumners achieved a 20% increase in 5-inch gun armament and almost a 50% increase in light AA armament on a hull the same length as aFletcher, only 15 inches (38 cm) wider, and about 15 inches (38 cm) deeper in draft. The increase in standard displacement was only 150 tons, about 7.5%. Thus, theAllen M. Sumner class was a significant improvement in combat power at a small increase in cost.

See also theRobert H. Smith-classdestroyer minelayer (DM), twelve of which were built on hulls originally intended asAllen M. Sumners. TheGearing-class destroyers were of the same design, modified with a 14-foot (4.3 m) midship extension to carry more fuel to extend the ships' range.

Service

[edit]

TheAllen M. Sumners served onradar picket stations in theBattle of Okinawa, as well as other duties, and had several losses.Cooper,Meredith,Mannert L. Abele, andDrexler were lost during the war, andHugh W. Hadley was so badly damaged by a kamikaze attack that she was scrapped soon after the war ended. In addition,Frank E. Evans was split in half in a collision with the aircraft carrier HMASMelbourne, and never repaired. After the war most of the class (except some of the light minelayers) had their 40 mm and 20 mm guns replaced by up to six3-inch/50 caliber guns (76 mm), and the pole mast was replaced by a tripod to carry a new, heavier radar. On most ships one depth charge rack was removed and twoHedgehog mounts added. One of the two quintuple 21-inch (533 mm)torpedo tube mountings had already been removed on most to make way for a quadruple 40 mm gun mounting and additional radar for the radar picket mission. 33 ships were converted under the Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization II (FRAM II) program 1960–65, but not as extensively as theGearings. Typically, FRAMAllen M. Sumners retained all three 5-inch/38 twin mounts and received theDrone Anti-Submarine Helicopter (DASH), two tripleMark 32 torpedo tubes for theMark 44 torpedo, and two new single 21-inch torpedo tubes for theMark 37 torpedo, with all 3-inch and lighter guns, previous ASW armament, and 21-inch torpedo tubes being removed.Variable Depth Sonar (VDS) was also fitted; however,ASROC was not fitted.[3] Ships that did not receive FRAM were typically upgraded withMk 32 triple torpedo tubes in exchange for the K-guns, but retained Hedgehog and one depth charge rack.[2]

In Navy slang, the modified destroyers were called "FRAM cans", "can" being a contraction of "tin can", the slang term for a destroyer or destroyer escort.

ManyAllen M. Sumners provided significantgunfire support in theVietnam War. They also served as escorts for Carrier Battle Groups (Carrier Strike Groups from 2004) and Amphibious Ready Groups (Expeditionary Strike Groups from 2006). From 1965, some of the class were transferred to theNaval Reserve Force (NRF), with a partial active crew to train Naval reservists.

Disposition

[edit]
USS De Haven c.1970 fitted with FRAM II modifications.

The ships served in the US Navy into the 1970s. DASH was withdrawn fromanti-submarine warfare (ASW) service in 1969 due to poor reliability.[4] LackingASROC, theAllen M. Sumners were left without a standoff ASW capability and were decommissioned 1970–73, with most being transferred to foreign navies. The FRAM Sumners were effectively replaced as ASW ships by theKnox-class frigates (destroyer escorts prior to 1975), which were commissioned 1969–74 & carried a piloted helicopter, typically theKaman SH-2 Seasprite & ASROC. After theAllen M. Sumners were retired from the US fleet, seven were sunk by the US in fleet training exercises and 13 were scrapped, while 29 were sold to other navies (two for spare parts) where they served for many more years. Twelve were sold to theRepublic of China Navy, and two were sold to theRepublic of Korea Navy. Two were sold to theIran, and one was sold toTurkey. One was sold toGreece. Two were sold toVenezuela, two toColombia, two toChile, five toBrazil, and four toArgentina.

Currently, onlyUSS Laffey (DD-724), located atPatriots Point,Charleston, South Carolina, remains, as amuseum ship.

Other navies

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Argentina

[edit]
Main article:Seguí-class destroyer

TheArgentine Navy acquired fourSumners as a more capable adjunct to their previously acquiredFletcher class destroyers. While one was merely to provide spare parts to keep the rest of the fleet serviceable, the other three would go on and serve through theFalklands War, in which they would take a minor role. Soon after the conflict, they were stricken and disposed of.

PennantShip nameFormer nameAcquiredFate
D-25ARASeguiUSS Hank1 July 1972Scrapped in 1983
D-26ARAHipólito BouchardUSS Borie1 July 1972Scrapped in 1984
D-29ARAPiedrabuenaUSS Collett4 June 1974Sunk as a target in 1988
USS Mansfield4 June 1974Not commissioned; cannibalized for spare parts

Ships in class

[edit]
Ships of theAllen M. Sumner destroyer class
NameHull no.BuilderLaid downLaunchedCommissionedDecommissionedFateRef
USS Allen M. SumnerDD-692Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company7 July 194315 December 194326 January 194415 August 1973Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping

externalities

[1][2]
USS MoaleDD-6935 August 194316 January 194428 February 19442 July 1973Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping[3][4]
USS IngrahamDD-6944 August 194316 January 194410 March 194415 June 1971Sold toGreece 16 July 1971 asMiaoulis[5]
USS CooperDD-69530 August 19439 February 194427 March 1944Torpedoed and sunk by destroyerTake while intercepting a Japanese convoy into Ormoc Bay 3 December 1944[6]
USS EnglishDD-69619 October 194327 February 19444 May 194415 May 1970Sold toRepublic of China Navy 11 August 1970 asHuei Yang[7]
USS Charles S. SperryDD-69719 October 194313 March 194417 May 194415 December 1973Sold toChile 8 January 1974 asMinistro Zenteno[8]
USS AultDD-69815 November 194326 March 194431 May 194416 July 1973Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping[9][10]
USS WaldronDD-69916 November 194326 March 19447 June 194417 May 1950Sold toColombia 30 October 1973 asSantander (DD-03)[11][12]
20 November 195030 October 1973
USS HaynsworthDD-70016 December 194315 April 194422 June 194430 January 1970Sold toRepublic of China Navy 12 May 1970 asYuen Yang[13]
22 September 195019 May 1950
USS John W. WeeksDD-70117 January 194421 May 194421 July 194431 May 1950Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise, 19 November 1970[14][15]
24 October 195012 August 1970
USS HankDD-70217 January 194421 May 194428 August 19441 July 1972Sold toArgentina 1 July 1972 asSegui[16][17]
USS Wallace L. LindDD-70314 February 194414 June 19448 September 19444 December 1973Sold toRepublic of Korea Navy 4 December 1973 asDae Gu[18][19]
USS BorieDD-70429 February 19444 July 194421 September 19441 July 1972Sold to Argentina 1 July 1972 asHipólito Bouchard (D-26)[20]
USS ComptonDD-70528 March 194417 September 19444 November 194417 September 1972Sold toBrazil 27 September 1972 asMato Grosso[21]
USS GainardDD-70629 March 194417 September 194423 November 194426 February 1971Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping[22]
USS SoleyDD-70718 April 19448 September 19447 December 194413 February 1970Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise[23]
USS Harlan R. DicksonDD-70823 May 194417 December 194417 February 19451 July 1972Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping, 4 January 1973[24][25]
USS Hugh PurvisDD-70923 May 194417 December 19441 March 194515 June 1972Sold toTurkey 1 July 1972 asZafer (F 253)[26][27]
USS BartonDD-722Bath Iron Works,Bath, Maine24 May 194310 October 194330 December 194322 January 1947Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise.[28]
11 April 194930 September 1968
USS WalkeDD-7237 June 194327 October 194321 January 194430 May 1947Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping, 3 January 1975[29][30]
5 October 195030 November 1970
USS LaffeyDD-72428 June 194321 November 19438 February 194430 June 1947Preserved as memorial and berthed at Patriot's Point, Charleston, South Carolina[31][32]
26 January 19519 March 1975
USS O'BrienDD-72512 July 19438 December 194325 February 19444 October 1947Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise, 12 January 1972[33][34]
5 October 195018 February 1972
USS MeredithDD-72626 July 194321 December 194314 March 1944Sunk 9 June 1944, Wreck sold and scrapped 5 August 1960[35]
USS De HavenDD-7279 August 19439 January 194431 March 19443 December 1973Sold toRepublic of Korea Navy, 5 December 1973 asIncheon[36][37]
USS MansfieldDD-72828 August 194329 January 194414 April 19444 February 1971Sold toArgentina 4 June 1974 for spare parts[38][39]
USS Lyman K. SwensonDD-72911 September 194312 February 19442 May 194412 February 1971Sold toRepublic of China Navy 6 May 1974 for spare parts[40][41]
USS CollettDD-73011 October 19435 March 194416 May 194418 December 1970Sold toArgentina in 1974 asPiedra Buena (D-29)[42][43]
USS MaddoxDD-73128 October 194319 March 19442 June 19442 July 1972Sold toRepublic of China Navy asPo Yang[44][45]
USS HymanDD-73222 November 19438 April 194416 June 194416 November 1969Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping[46]
USS Mannert L. AbeleDD-7339 December 194323 April 19444 July 1944Sunk by anOhka bomb during the battle for Okinawa 12 April 1945[47]
USS PurdyDD-73422 December 19437 May 194418 July 19442 July 1973Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping, 6 January 1974[48]
USS DrexlerDD-74124 April 19443 September 194414 November 1944Sunk bykamikaze 28 May 1945[49]
USS BlueDD-744Bethlehem Staten Island,Staten Island,New York30 June 194328 November 194320 March 194414 February 1947Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise, 28 April 1977[50][51]
14 May 194912 December 1949
15 September 195027 January 1971
USS BrushDD-74530 July 194328 December 194317 April 194427 October 1969Sold toRepublic of China Navy 9 December 1969 asHsiang Yang[52]
USS TaussigDD-74630 August 194325 January 194420 May 19441 December 1970Sold toRepublic of China Navy as secondLo Yang (DDG-914). Sold as scrap in 2013.[53][54]
USS Samuel N. MooreDD-74730 September 194323 February 194424 June 194424 October 1969Sold toRepublic of China Navy 10 December 1969 asHeng Yang (DD-2)[55]
USS Harry E. HubbardDD-74830 October 194324 March 194422 July 194415 January 1947Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping[56]
14 May 194912 December 1949
27 October 195017 October 1969
USS Alfred A. CunninghamDD-75223 February 19443 August 194423 November 1944August 1949Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise, 10 January 1979[57][58]
5 October 195024 February 1971
USS John R. PierceDD-75324 March 19441 September 194430 December 19441 May 1947Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping, 10 January 1974[59][60]
11 April 19492 July 1973
USS Frank E. EvansDD-75421 April 19443 October 19443 February 194511 May 1949Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise, 10 October 1969[61][62]
15 September 19501 July 1969
USS John A. BoleDD-75520 May 19441 November 19443 March 19456 November 1970Sold toRepublic of China Navy 6 May 1974 for spare parts[63][64]
USS BeattyDD-7564 July 194430 November 194431 March 194514 July 1972Sold to Venezuela 14 July 1972 asCarabobo[65]
USS PutnamDD-757Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation,San Francisco, California11 July 194326 March 194412 October 19446 January 1950Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping, 6 January 1974[66][67]
October 19506 August 1973
USS StrongDD-75825 July 194323 April 19448 March 19459 May 1947Sold to Brazil, 31 October 1973, asRio Grande do Norte (D-37)[68][69]
14 May 194931 October 1973
USS LofbergDD-7594 November 194312 August 194426 April 194515 January 1971Sold toRepublic of China Navy 6 May 1974 for spare parts[70][71]
USS John W. ThomasonDD-76021 November 194330 September 194411 October 19458 December 1970Sold toRepublic of China Navy 6 May 1974 asNan Yang[72][73]
USS BuckDD-7611 February 194411 March 194528 June 194615 July 1973Sold toBrazil 16 July 1973 asAlagoas[74][75]
USS HenleyDD-7628 February 19448 April 19458 October 19461 March 1950Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping, 6 January 1974[76][77]
23 September 19501 July 1973
USS LowryDD-770Bethlehem Shipbuilding,San Pedro, California,Terminal Island1 August 19436 February 194423 July 194430 June 1947Sold toBrazil 31 October 1973 asEspirito Santo[78][79]
27 December 195029 October 1973
USS Hugh W. HadleyDD-7746 February 194416 July 194425 November 194415 December 1945Sold 2 September 1947 for scrap[80]
USS Willard KeithDD-7755 March 194429 August 194427 December 194420 June 1947Sold toColombia asCaldas (DD-02)[81]
23 October 19501 July 1972
USS James C. OwensDD-7769 April 19441 October 194417 February 19453 April 1950Sold toBrazil 15 July 1973 asSergipe[82][83]
20 September 195015 July 1973
USS ZellarsDD-777Todd Pacific Shipyards,Seattle, Washington24 December 194319 July 194425 October 194419 March 1971Sold toIran 12 October 1973 asBabr[84]
USS MasseyDD-77814 January 194412 September 194424 November 194417 September 1973Disposed of, sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping, 10 January 1974[85][86]
USS Douglas H. FoxDD-77931 January 194430 September 194426 December 194421 April 1950Sold toChile 8 January 1974Ministro Portales (DD-17)[87][88]
15 November 195015 December 1973
USS StormesDD-78015 February 19444 November 194427 January 19455 December 1970Sold toIran 16 February 1972Palang (DDG-9)[89]
USS Robert K. HuntingtonDD-78129 February 19445 December 19443 March 194531 October 1973Sold toVenezuela asFalcon[90][91]
USS BristolDD-857Bethlehem Shipbuilding,San Pedro, California,Terminal Island5 May 194429 October 194417 March 194521 November 1969Sold toRepublic of China Navy 9 December 1969Hua Yang[92]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^."TheSumner Class As BuiltArchived 22 February 2012 at theWayback Machine. Retrieved 25 August 2009."
  2. ^abFriedman, Norman (2004).US Destroyers: An Illustrated Design History (Revised ed.). Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 129–131.ISBN 1-55750-442-3..
  3. ^"Special Feature – FRAM".www.navsource.org.
  4. ^Friedman, p. 283

External links

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toAllen M. Sumner class destroyers.
Other operators
 Argentine Navy
Seguí class
 Brazilian Navy
Mato Grosso class
 Chilean Navy
 Republic of China Navy
Lo Yang class
 Colombian National Navy
 Hellenic Navy
 Imperial Iranian Navy
Babr class
 Republic of Korea Navy
Dae Gu class
 Turkish Navy
 Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela
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