Lloydminster | |
---|---|
City of Lloydminster | |
![]() An aerial view of Lloydminster City Hall looking north along the Alberta / Saskatchewan border | |
Nicknames: | |
![]() Boundaries of Lloydminster | |
![]() Location in Alberta and Saskatchewan | |
Coordinates:53°16′41″N109°58′49″W / 53.27806°N 109.98028°W /53.27806; -109.98028[3] | |
Country | Canada |
Provinces | Alberta (AB) Saskatchewan (SK) |
Regions | Central Alberta, West Central Saskatchewan |
Census divisions | 10 (AB),17 (SK) |
Adjacentmunicipal district | County of Vermilion River |
Adjacentrural municipalities | RM of Wilton No. 472 RM of Britannia No. 502 |
Incorporated[4] | |
• Village (SK) | November 25, 1903 |
• Village (AB) | July 6, 1906 |
• Town (SK) | April 1, 1907 |
• Amalgamation | May 22, 1930 |
• City | January 1, 1958 |
Government | |
• Mayor | Gerald Aalbers |
• Governing body | Lloydminster City Council
|
• City Manager | Dion Pollard |
• MP | Shannon Stubbs (C) Rosemarie Falk (C) |
• MLA | Garth Rowswell (AB,UCP) Colleen Young (SK,SP) |
Area | |
• Land | 42.04 km2 (16.23 sq mi) |
Elevation | 645 m (2,116 ft) |
Population | |
• Total | 31,582 – 19,739 (AB) – 11,843 (SK) |
• Density | 751.2/km2 (1,946/sq mi) |
• Municipal census (2015) | 31,377[9] – 19,740 (AB) – 11,637 (SK) |
Time zone | UTC−07:00 (MST) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−06:00 (MDT) |
Forward sortation areas | |
Area code(s) | 780,587, 825, 368 (AB) 306, 639 (SK) |
Website | lloydminster |
Lloydminster is a city inCanada which has the unusual geographic distinction of straddling theprovincial border betweenAlberta[3] andSaskatchewan.[10][11] The city is incorporated by both provinces as a single city with a single municipal administration.
Located in the heart ofTreaty 6, Lloydminster is the traditional homeland of thePlains Cree, Wood Cree,Dene,Saulteaux and homeland of theMétis.[12]
Intended to be an exclusively Britishutopian settlement centred on the idea ofsobriety, Lloydminster was founded in 1903 by the Barr Colonists, who came directly from the United Kingdom.[13] At a time when the area was still part of theNorth-West Territories, the town was located astride the Fourth Meridian of theDominion Land Survey. This meridian was intended to coincide with the110° west longitude, although the imperfect surveying methods of the time led to the surveyed meridian being placed a few hundred metres (yards) west of this longitude.[14]
The town was named forGeorge Lloyd, anAnglican priest who would becomeBishop of Saskatchewan in 1922. Lloyd was a strong opponent of non-British immigration to Canada. During a nearly disastrous immigration journey, which was badly planned and conducted,[15] he distinguished himself with the colonists and replaced the Barr Colony's leader and namesakeIsaac Montgomery Barr during the colonists' journey to the eventual townsite.[16]
The town developed rapidly: by 1904, there was a telegraph office as well as a log church; in 1905, theLloydminster Daily Times started publication and the first train arrived on July 28.[17] Its main north–south street, today named Meridian Avenue (or 50th Avenue), along which stores, businesses and the post office began locating, was situated right on the Fourth Meridian, although the actual road right-of-way was located in Saskatchewan.[citation needed] To comply withtemperance principles, alcohol was not available in Lloydminster for the first few years after its founding.[citation needed]
While provincehood of some sort for the prairie territories was seen as inevitable by 1903, it had been widely expected by some, including North-West Territories premierFrederick W. A. G. Haultain, that onlyone province would eventually be created instead of two. The colonists were not aware of the federal government's deep-rooted opposition to the creation of a single province, largely due to the power such a province would hold rivalling theeast,[18] nor plans for a provincial boundary along the Fourth Meridian (110° W).[citation needed]
When the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan were created in 1905, the Fourth Meridian was selected as the border, bisecting the town right along its main street.[19] Lloydminster residents petitioned for the new border to be revised so as to encompass the entire town within Saskatchewan, without success.[citation needed] Lloydminster functioned as two towns with separate municipal administrations until the provincial governments agreed in 1930 toamalgamate the towns into a single town under shared jurisdiction. The provinces, again jointly, reincorporated Lloydminster as a city in 1958.[19]
Commemorating Lloydminster's distinctive bi-provincial status, a monument consisting of four 100-foot survey markers was erected in 1994 near the city's downtown core.[20]
The majority of Lloydminster's population lived on the Saskatchewan side until recent[when?] decades; in the2011 Canadian Census, nearly two-thirds of the city's population lived on the Alberta side. In 2000, thecity hall and municipal offices were moved from Saskatchewan to an Alberta location on Meridian Avenue, also known as 50th Avenue, which runs along the Fourth Meridian.[citation needed]
Despite its bi-provincial status, Lloydminster was not exempted from anti-smoking legislation passed by theLegislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. Citizens responded by initiating a referendum against the wishes of the mayor, as permitted in the charter, which resulted in the enactment of a citywideanti-smoking bylaw. The matter became moot when Alberta enacted its own anti-smoking legislation, which was the solution that the mayor and council preferred.[citation needed]
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The provincial border runs north to south, falling directly on 50th Avenue (Meridian Avenue) in the centre of Lloydminster. Meridian Avenue north of the Yellowhead Highway (also named 44th Street) remains the main downtown street for stores, offices and businesses, with some also located on the intersecting east–west streets. Addresses east of 50th Avenue are considered to be in Lloydminster, Saskatchewan and addresses west of 50th Avenue are considered to be in Lloydminster, Alberta. The city is bordered by theCounty of Vermilion River, Alberta, on the west, theRural Municipality (R.M.) of Britannia No. 502, Saskatchewan, on the northeast and theR.M. of Wilton No. 472, Saskatchewan, on the southeast. The majority of the large retail properties serving the city, including larger stores, gas stations and hotels, are located in its Alberta portion, in particular along the Yellowhead Highway west of Meridian Avenue and along the Alberta side of 50th Avenue south of the Yellowhead Highway.
Lloydminster's distinctive situation is reflected in other legal matters, including itstime zone. Most of Saskatchewan does not observedaylight saving time, instead staying onCentral Standard Time year-round. However, Alberta mandates daylight saving time. Lloydminster's charter allows the city to follow Alberta's use of daylight saving time on both sides of the provincial border in order to keep all clocks within the city in synchronization. This has the effect of placing Lloydminster and the surrounding area in theMountain Time Zone along with Alberta. During the summer therefore, the entire city is on UTC−06:00—Mountain Daylight Time, which is the same as the rest of Saskatchewan where the time is defined as Central Standard Time.[21] During the winter, Lloydminster is on Mountain Standard Time with the rest of Alberta, which is UTC−07:00,[22] and is therefore one hour behind the time in the rest of Saskatchewan.
The provincial line divides the city in two aspects related to communications. Telephones on the Saskatchewan side are assigned toarea codes 306 and 639, the two area codes assigned to that province, while land lines on the Alberta side have numbers in the780 and587 area codes, the two area codes assigned to northern Alberta. Similarly, Saskatchewan addresses have a postal code with aforward sortation area designation (first three characters) of "S9V", and addresses in Alberta have postal codes beginning with "T9V". Allpostal codes in Canada beginning with the letter "S" are assigned to Saskatchewan, and those beginning with "T" belong to Alberta.
Lloydminster experiences ahumid continental climate (Köppen climate classificationDfb), which approaches asubarctic climate (KöppenDfc) due to May and September being only marginally above 10 °C (50 °F). Winters are long, cold and dry, while summers are short, warm and moderately wet. Year-round precipitation is fairly low, with an average of 408 mm (16.06 in), whilst the dry winters restrict snowfall to 98 cm (38.6 in).
The highest temperature ever recorded in Lloydminster was 38.1 °C (100.6 °F) on 12 July 2002.[23] The coldest temperature ever recorded was −50.0 °C (−58.0 °F) on 13 January 1911.[24]
Climate data forLloydminster Airport, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1904–present[a] | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record highhumidex | 10.4 | 8.2 | 18.6 | 27.1 | 34.7 | 39.0 | 42.5 | 38.4 | 32.8 | 26.5 | 16.3 | 9.5 | 42.5 |
Record high °C (°F) | 10.6 (51.1) | 12.8 (55.0) | 18.6 (65.5) | 32.8 (91.0) | 36.7 (98.1) | 37.8 (100.0) | 38.1 (100.6) | 37.4 (99.3) | 35.0 (95.0) | 28.9 (84.0) | 19.5 (67.1) | 10.0 (50.0) | 38.1 (100.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −9.6 (14.7) | −6.9 (19.6) | −1 (30) | 9.9 (49.8) | 16.7 (62.1) | 20.7 (69.3) | 23.1 (73.6) | 22.4 (72.3) | 16.5 (61.7) | 9.1 (48.4) | −2.6 (27.3) | −7.9 (17.8) | 7.5 (45.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −14.3 (6.3) | −11.7 (10.9) | −5.6 (21.9) | 4.0 (39.2) | 10.1 (50.2) | 14.6 (58.3) | 17.0 (62.6) | 15.9 (60.6) | 10.3 (50.5) | 3.4 (38.1) | −6.8 (19.8) | −12.5 (9.5) | 2.0 (35.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −18.9 (−2.0) | −16.6 (2.1) | −10.3 (13.5) | −2 (28) | 3.5 (38.3) | 8.5 (47.3) | 10.8 (51.4) | 9.3 (48.7) | 4.0 (39.2) | −2.3 (27.9) | −11 (12) | −17 (1) | −3.5 (25.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | −50 (−58) | −48.3 (−54.9) | −36.7 (−34.1) | −28.9 (−20.0) | −16.7 (1.9) | −6.7 (19.9) | −3.3 (26.1) | −5 (23) | −13.9 (7.0) | −24 (−11) | −34.4 (−29.9) | −46.7 (−52.1) | −50 (−58) |
Record lowwind chill | −54.6 | −54.5 | −49.8 | −30.3 | −15.7 | −4.9 | 0.0 | −6.1 | −14.7 | −35.8 | −50.9 | −54 | −54.6 |
Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 15.8 (0.62) | 9.8 (0.39) | 14.4 (0.57) | 26.3 (1.04) | 44.6 (1.76) | 70.6 (2.78) | 75.3 (2.96) | 59.9 (2.36) | 42.3 (1.67) | 17.8 (0.70) | 17.6 (0.69) | 14.4 (0.57) | 408.8 (16.09) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.4 (0.02) | 0.2 (0.01) | 1.6 (0.06) | 13.2 (0.52) | 40.8 (1.61) | 70.6 (2.78) | 75.3 (2.96) | 59.7 (2.35) | 40.5 (1.59) | 11.6 (0.46) | 2.3 (0.09) | 0.5 (0.02) | 316.7 (12.47) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 17.0 (6.7) | 9.8 (3.9) | 13.4 (5.3) | 13.4 (5.3) | 4.2 (1.7) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.0) | 1.8 (0.7) | 6.4 (2.5) | 16.7 (6.6) | 15.3 (6.0) | 98.1 (38.7) |
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.2 mm) | 9.7 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 7.6 | 10.5 | 13.2 | 12.2 | 10.5 | 9.0 | 7.1 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 114.2 |
Average rainy days(≥ 0.2 mm) | 0.7 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 4.8 | 9.9 | 13.2 | 12.2 | 10.5 | 8.7 | 4.9 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 68.0 |
Average snowy days(≥ 0.2 cm) | 9.4 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 3.9 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 3.0 | 8.7 | 9.7 | 51.7 |
Averagerelative humidity (%) | 74.2 | 73.0 | 67.4 | 48.2 | 42.4 | 49.6 | 53.9 | 50.2 | 50.0 | 54.0 | 73.3 | 75.9 | 59.3 |
Source:Environment and Climate Change Canada[23][25][26][27][28] |
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1906 | 519 | — |
1911 | 663 | +27.7% |
1916 | 788 | +18.9% |
1921 | 755 | −4.2% |
1926 | 1,247 | +65.2% |
1931 | 1,516 | +21.6% |
1936 | 1,420 | −6.3% |
1941 | 1,624 | +14.4% |
1946 | 1,833 | +12.9% |
1951 | 3,938 | +114.8% |
1956 | 5,077 | +28.9% |
1961 | 5,667 | +11.6% |
1966 | 7,071 | +24.8% |
1971 | 8,691 | +22.9% |
1976 | 10,311 | +18.6% |
1981 | 15,031 | +45.8% |
1986 | 17,356 | +15.5% |
1991 | 17,283 | −0.4% |
1996 | 18,953 | +9.7% |
2001 | 20,988 | +10.7% |
2006 | 24,028 | +14.5% |
2011 | 27,804 | +15.7% |
2016 | 31,410 | +13.0% |
2021 | 31,582 | +0.5% |
Source:Statistics Canada [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] |
In the2021 Census of Population conducted byStatistics Canada, the Alberta portion of the City of Lloydminster had a population of 19,739 living in 7,636 of its 8,530 total private dwellings, a change of0.5% from its 2016 population of 19,645. With a land area of 23.98 km2 (9.26 sq mi), it had a population density of823.1/km2 (2,131.9/sq mi) in 2021.[52] The Saskatchewan portion of Lloydminster had a population of 11,843 living in 4,443 of its 5,002 total private dwellings, a change of0.7% from its 2016 population of 11,765. With a land area of 18.06 km2 (6.97 sq mi), it had a population density of655.8/km2 (1,698.4/sq mi) in 2016.[7] Overall, the entire City of Lloydminster had a population of31,582 living in12,079 of its13532 total private dwellings, a change of0.5% from its 2016 population of31,410. With a land area of 42.04 km2 (16.23 sq mi), it had a population density of751.2/km2 (1,945.7/sq mi) in 2016.[6][7]
In the2016 Census of Population, the Alberta portion of the City of Lloydminster had a population of 19,645 living in 7,444 of its 8,444 total private dwellings, a change of8.9% from its 2011 population of 18,032. With a land area of 24.04 km2 (9.28 sq mi), it had a population density of817.2/km2 (2,116.5/sq mi) in 2016.[51] Meanwhile, the Saskatchewan portion of Lloydminster had a population of 11,765 living in 4,392 of its 4,909 total private dwellings, a change of20.4% from its 2011 population of 9,772. With a land area of 18.28 km2 (7.06 sq mi), it had a population density of643.6/km2 (1,666.9/sq mi) in 2016.[53] Overall, the entire City of Lloydminster had a population of 31,410 living in 11,836 of its 13,353 total private dwellings in the 2016 Census of Population, a change of13% from its 2011 population of 27,804. With a land area of 42.32 km2 (16.34 sq mi), it had a population density of742.2/km2 (1,922.3/sq mi) in 2016.[51][53]
The City of Lloydminster's2015 municipal census counted a population of 31,377,[54] a change of −0.3% from its2013 municipal census population of 31,483.[9] Of the 31,377 residents, 19,740 (63%) lived on the Alberta side and 11,637 (37%) lived on the Saskatchewan side.[9]
There are substantialdemographic differences between the populations on each side of the border, with the population on the Saskatchewan side being substantially younger; the median age on the Saskatchewan side is 26.6,[55] nearly seven years less than the median age of 33.2 on the Alberta side. Even when combining the median ages for both sides of the city, Lloydminster has the youngest median age in all of Canada.[56][57] Also, the specific age group of 20–24 is much more concentrated on the Saskatchewan side. The two sides of the city have virtually identical numbers of people in that age group (1,220 in Saskatchewan,[55] 1,230 in Alberta[56]) even though the total population on the Alberta side is nearly twice that of the Saskatchewan side. This situation has been attributed in part to differentialcar insurance rates for drivers; because Saskatchewan has apublic auto insurance system while Alberta relies on conventional private insurance, young drivers with the highest insurance rates can save thousands of dollars by living in Saskatchewan rather than Alberta.[58]
Thecensus agglomeration of Lloydminster includes both parts of the city, as well as the rural municipality of Wilton No. 472, the town ofLashburn, and the village ofMarshall, Saskatchewan.
About 94% of residents identified English as theirfirst language. More than 1.4% of the population identified French as their first language, while 0.8% identified German, 0.7% identified Ukrainian, and 0.5% identifiedCree as their first language learned. The next most common languages were Chinese and Spanish at about 0.3% each.[59]
More than 8% of residents identified themselves asaboriginal at the time of the 2006 census.[60]
Panethnic group | 2021[61][62] | 2016[63][64] | 2011[65][66] | 2006[67][68] | 2001[69][70] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
European[b] | 21,470 | 69.28% | 22,600 | 73.1% | 23,400 | 85.51% | 21,180 | 89.16% | 18,130 | 87.52% |
Indigenous | 4,135 | 13.34% | 3,320 | 10.74% | 2,100 | 7.67% | 1,980 | 8.34% | 2,000 | 9.65% |
Southeast Asian[c] | 3,370 | 10.87% | 2,635 | 8.52% | 1,005 | 3.67% | 85 | 0.36% | 250 | 1.21% |
South Asian | 1,005 | 3.24% | 1,130 | 3.66% | 330 | 1.21% | 120 | 0.51% | 105 | 0.51% |
African | 400 | 1.29% | 510 | 1.65% | 125 | 0.46% | 70 | 0.29% | 35 | 0.17% |
East Asian[d] | 200 | 0.65% | 240 | 0.78% | 150 | 0.55% | 160 | 0.67% | 100 | 0.48% |
Middle Eastern[e] | 150 | 0.48% | 200 | 0.65% | 30 | 0.11% | 60 | 0.25% | 60 | 0.29% |
Latin American | 130 | 0.42% | 160 | 0.52% | 165 | 0.6% | 80 | 0.34% | 30 | 0.14% |
Other/multiracial[f] | 105 | 0.34% | 140 | 0.45% | 40 | 0.15% | 10 | 0.04% | 20 | 0.1% |
Total responses | 30,990 | 98.13% | 30,915 | 98.42% | 27,365 | 98.42% | 23,755 | 98.86% | 20,715 | 98.7% |
Total population | 31,582 | 100% | 31,410 | 100% | 27,804 | 100% | 24,028 | 100% | 20,988 | 100% |
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses |
More than 78% of residents identified as Christian at the time of the 2001 census, while over 18% indicated that they had no religious affiliation. For specific denominationsStatistics Canada found that 31% of residents identified as Roman Catholic, and 44% Protestants of which, 18% identified with theUnited Church of Canada, more than 7% identified asAnglican, about 5% identified asLutheran, almost 3% identified asPentecostal, about 2% identified asBaptists, and just over 1% of the population identified asEastern Orthodox.[71]
The local economy is driven primarily by thepetroleum industry.Agriculture remains an important economic activity. TheHusky Lloydminster Refinery is also located in the community. An issue in business is the sales tax. The only sales tax applicable in Alberta is the federalGoods and Services Tax (GST). Saskatchewan has, in addition to GST, aprovincial sales tax (PST). To ensure that business will not float away from the Saskatchewan side in favour of lower prices in Alberta, PST does not apply in the Saskatchewan side of the city[72] with the exception of hotels, vehicle registration and utility services.
Lloydminster is governed by a seven-member city council, consisting of a mayor and six city councillors. The city follows the Saskatchewan schedule when voting in municipal elections.[73]
Residents on the Alberta side are in theelectoral district ofLakeland for elections to the federalHouse of Commons, andVermilion-Lloydminster-Wainwright for elections to theLegislative Assembly of Alberta. Residents in Saskatchewan are inBattlefords—Lloydminster federally, andLloydminster for theLegislative Assembly of Saskatchewan.[74]
Lloydminster's bi-provincial status has resulted in special provisions regarding provincial taxation within the city limits. The Saskatchewan side of the city is exempt from that province'ssales tax, preventing businesses located there from being placed at a disadvantage relative to businesses in Alberta, which has noprovincial sales tax.[72] There is no exemption for provincialincome tax, which is based solely on thetaxpayer's province of residence. Other differences surrounding interprovincial costs are reflected within the treatment of automobile insurance, and housing taxes. For example, a driver under age 25 who lives on the Alberta side will pay approximately 2-3 times the average amount required of a Saskatchewan driver of the same age.[75]
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Lloydminster relies on health care resources from bothAlberta Health Services and theSaskatchewan Health Authority. TheLloydminster Hospital was constructed in 1987 on the Saskatchewan side of the border.[76]
In 2013, an independent report found that Lloydminster was underserved by health care services in comparison to similarcatchment areas inAlberta. In 2007, Lloydminster was deemed to have outgrown the capacity of its hospital; calls for more operating rooms, acute care beds, and a dedicatedMRI unit did not come to fruition, resulting in patients sometimes having to travel to larger cities such as Saskatoon for operations.[76] Due tohealth data privacy laws in both provinces, the Lloydminster Hospital does not have direct access to AHS patient records, which have led to Alberta-based patients sometimes bringing their own paperrecords or receiving diagnostic tests a second time.[77]
The city's contracts with WPD to provideambulance service in Lloydminster have faced criticism over unsatisfactory performance, with some patients having had to wait up to 40 minutes for help to arrive;[78] in August 2021, AHS pulled out of the contract and signed with a different provider, but WPD invoked an arbitration clause in Saskatchewan law that has prevented the SHA from immediately exiting the contract.[76][79]
The city is served byLloydminster Airport. TheYellowhead Highway, (Alberta Highway 16 andSaskatchewan Highway 16) passes through the city from west to east, andHighway 17 (which is considered part of both Alberta's and Saskatchewan's highway system and is maintained by both provinces) travels along the provincial border from south to north. There is no local public transport serving the city.[80]
Elementary and secondary schools on both sides of the border all use Saskatchewan's curriculum.[81] Lloydminster provides public and catholic education up to grade 12 as well as post-secondary education throughLakeland College, offering one and two year certificate and diploma programs.[82]
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Frequency | Call sign | Branding | Format | Owner | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AM 540 | CBK | CBC Radio One | Talk radio,public radio | Canadian Broadcasting Corporation | |
FM 95.9 | CKSA-FM | Real Country 95.9 | Country music | Stingray Group | |
FM 97.5 | CKUA-FM-15 | CKUA Radio | Variety,public radio | CKUA Radio Foundation | Rebroadcaster of CKUA-FM (Edmonton) |
FM 98.9 | CILR-FM | – | Tourist information | Stingray Group | |
FM 106.1 | CKLM-FM | 106.1 The Goat | Active rock | Vista Radio |
Lloydminster is served by two broadcast television stations, operated as part of atwinstick operation owned byNewcap Radio:
OTAvirtual channel (PSIP) | OTA channel | Call sign | Network | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.1 | 2 (VHF) | CKSA-DT | Citytv | Privately owned affiliate |
4.1 | 4 (VHF) | CITL-DT | CTV | Privately owned affiliate |