Lizabeth Scott | |
|---|---|
 Scott in 1947 | |
| Born | Emma Virginia Matzo (1921-09-29)September 29, 1921 Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | January 31, 2015(2015-01-31) (aged 93) Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Other names | Elizabeth Scott |
| Occupations |
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| Years active | 1942–1972 |
| Signature | |
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Lizabeth Virginia Scott[1] (bornEmma Virginia Matzo;[2] September 29, 1921 – January 31, 2015) was an American actress, singer, and model for the Walter Thornton Model Agency,[3] known for her "smoky voice".[4] She was called "the most beautiful face offilm noir during the 1940s and 1950s".[5] After understudying the role of Sabina in the original Broadway and Boston stage productions ofThe Skin of Our Teeth, she emerged in such films asThe Strange Love of Martha Ivers (1946),Dead Reckoning (1947),Desert Fury (1947), andToo Late for Tears (1949). Of her 22 films, she was theleading lady in all but three. In addition to stage and radio, she appeared on television from the late 1940s to early 1970s.
Emma Matzo (Ema Macová in Slovak) was born inScranton, Pennsylvania on September 29, 1921,[6][7][8][9] the oldest of six children born to Mary Penyak[1] and John Matzo (Ján Maco in Slovak).[10] Several conflicting accounts have been given as to her parents' ethnic origins,[11][12][13][14][15][excessive citations] with most mentioning English, Rusyn,[16][17][18][19][excessive citations] Russian, and Ukrainian.[20][21][22][23][24][excessive citations] The family lived in the Pine Brook section of Scranton, where her father owned Matzo Market.[25] Scott characterized her father as a "lifelongRepublican", which influenced her capitalistic views. The love of music influenced Scott's voice.[26][how?]
Scott attendedMarywood Seminary, a local Catholic girls' school.[27] She transferred to Scranton's Central High School, where she performed in several plays.[1] After graduating, she spent the summer working with the Mae Desmond Players[28] at a stock theater in the nearby community ofNewfoundland.[29] She then worked at theBarter Theatre inAbingdon, Virginia.[30] That autumn, she attendedMarywood College, but quit after six months.[31]
In 1939, with her father's help, the graduate[2] 18-year-old Scott moved to New York City, where she stayed at the Ferguson Residence for Women.[32] In New York she was a model for theWalter Thornton agency.[33] Scott readMaxwell Anderson'sMary of Scotland, a play aboutMary, Queen of Scots andElizabeth I, from which she derived the stage name "Elizabeth Scott". She later dropped the "E".[34]
In late 1940, 19-year-old Scott auditioned for the national tour ofHellzapoppin. From several hundred women, she was chosen byJohn "Ole" Olsen andHarold "Chic" Johnson, stars of the original Broadway production. She was assigned to one of three road companies, Scott's being led byBilly House and Eddie Garr.[35] Landing her first professional job, she was billed as "Elizabeth Scott".[36] The tour opened November 3, 1940, at theShubert Theatre inNew Haven,Connecticut. She didblackouts and other types ofsketch comedy[37][38] during her 18-month tour of 63 cities across the US.[8]
Scott then returned to New York City in 1942, where she starred as Sadie Thompson inJohn Colton'splayRain, which ran on the then-equivalent ofoff-Broadway. It was her first starring role, but no drama critic reviewed the play.[39] But the producer of aBroadway play, Michael Myerberg, did see the show.[40]
Myerberg had just moved an experimental production ofThornton Wilder's new playThe Skin of Our Teeth starringTallulah Bankhead from New Haven to thePlymouth Theatre. Impressed by Scott's Sadie Thompson, he hired her as theunderstudy for Bankhead, despite Bankhead's protests. Bankhead had signed a contract forbidding an understudy for the Sabina role. Previously, Bankhead had controlled the production by not showing up for rehearsal. Now, Myerberg could simply put Scott in Bankhead's place.[41] Scott has acknowledged that Myerberg used her to keep Bankhead under control and that Bankhead was furious about the situation.[8] Describing her own experience with Bankhead, Scott recalled, "She never spoke to me, except to bark out commands. Finally, one day, I'd had enough. I told her to say 'please', and after that she did."[32] During her eight months[42] as the understudy, Scott never had an opportunity to substitute for Bankhead, as Scott's presence guaranteed Bankhead's. During her time with the production, Scott played the role of "Girl/Drum Majorette".[43][44] The play ran from November 18, 1942, to September 25, 1943.
The rivalry between the two actresses is cited as an alternative to the Martina Lawrence-Elisabeth Bergner origin[45] ofMary Orr's short story,The Wisdom of Eve (1946),[46] the basis of the 1950 filmAll About Eve. Broadway legend had it that Bankhead was being victimized by Scott, who supposedly was the basis for the fictional Eve Harrington.[47]
Rumors of an affair between the married Myerberg and the new understudy were rife.[41] Scott has said that her fondest memory was of Myerberg telling her, "I love you," but the two eventually parted.[48]
The continuing feud between Myerberg and Bankhead worsened Bankhead's ulcer, leading her to not renew her contract.[49] Anticipating Bankhead's move, Myerberg suddenly signed 39-year-oldMiriam Hopkins in March,[50] catching Scott off-guard. Bankhead's final zinger to Scott was, "You be as good as she (Hopkins) is."[51] For a brief period, Scott understudied for Hopkins. While Scott liked Hopkins much more than Bankhead, she was still disappointed about being passed over for the Sabina role.[8]
Scott eventually quit in disappointment. Before quitting, Scott replaced Hopkins for one night.[52] When Scott finally went on stage as Sabina, she was surprised by both the approval and fascination of the audience.[8] Her replacement as understudy was another futurefemme fatale, 19-year-old Gloria Hallward, soon to be known asGloria Grahame. When Michael Myerberg pulled Grahame from the play for another experimental production in Philadelphia[53]—Star Dust[54]— no understudy was available whenGladys George took over for Hopkins.[55]
On August 30, 1943, Scott once again played Sabina when George was ill.[56] Joe Russell was in the Plymouth Theatre audience that night. Afterward, when a friend from California came to New York on one of his biannual visits to Broadway, Russell told him about Scott's performance. Russell's friend was an up-and-coming film producer forWarner Bros.,Hal B. Wallis.[57]
Irving Hoffman,[58] a New York press agent and columnist forThe Hollywood Reporter, had befriended Scott and tried to introduce her to people who could help her. On September 29, 1943, Hoffman held a birthday party at theStork Club—Scott had turned 21. By happenstance or design, Wallis was also at the club that night.[59] Hoffman introduced Scott to Wallis, who arranged for an interview the following day. When Scott returned home, she found a telegram offering her the lead for the Boston run ofThe Skin of Our Teeth. Miriam Hopkins was ill. Scott sent Wallis her apologies, cancelling the interview.[60] Scott recalled "On the train up to Boston, to replace Miss Hopkins, I decided I needed to make the name more of an attention-grabber. And that's when I decided to drop the 'E' from Elizabeth."[32] In 1945,The New Republic claimed that Scott had dropped the "E" as a patriotic wartime gesture "to conserve newsprint."[61]
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Scott appeared in aHarper's photographic spread, which was allegedly admired by film agentCharles Feldman of Famous Artists Corporation. In a telegram to Scott, he asked her to take ascreen test. He invited her to come to Los Angeles and stay at the Beverly Hills Hotel.[8] Her first screen test was atUniversal, then atWilliam Goetz's International Pictures. She was rejected by both studios.[62] Then she tested at Warner Bros., but this time around, Wallis's sister Minna Wallis arranged for film directorFritz Lang to coach Scott.[citation needed]
Hal Wallis saw Scott's test and recognized her potential.[63] At the age of 22, Scott's film debut was the comedy-dramaYou Came Along (1945). During the shooting ofYou Came Along, Hal Wallis showed Scott's screen test to Hollywood columnistBob Thomas. Wallis told Thomas, "Notice how her eyes are alive and sparkling... Once in a while she reads a line too fast, but direction will cure that. That voice makes her intriguing."[citation needed]
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Later in 1946, 38-year-oldBarbara Stanwyck, in a letter, objected to Scott's top billing inThe Strange Love of Martha Ivers (1946): "I will not be co-starred with any other person other than a recognized male or female star." Lawyers for Wallis and Stanwyck got to work, and eventually, the final billing ran Stanwyck,Van Heflin, and Scott at the top, with newcomerKirk Douglas in second place,[64] but Wallis's interest in promoting Scott was obsessive. The AFI page onMartha Ivers comments:
DirectorLewis Milestone is quoted in an article in theLos Angeles Sun Mirror on 8 December 1946 as having said that he would never make another picture with producer Hal Wallis because Wallis wanted to reshoot scenes in this film for more close-ups of Lizabeth Scott; Milestone reportedly told Wallis to shoot them himself—which he did.[65]
Wallis ended up adding extra footage of Scott at the expense of Stanwyck's screen time, which later led to acontretemps between Stanwyck and Wallis.[66] Concerning her firstfilm noir, Scott recalled how strange it was to be in a film with Stanwyck and have only one brief scene together.[67] The screenplay byRobert Rossen depicts two separate story lines running in parallel—one dominated by Martha Ivers (Stanwyck) and the other by Antonia "Toni" Marachek (Scott). The Heflin character, Sam, is the connection between the story lines, which overlap only in the one scene wherefemme fatale Martha andgirl next door Toni meet.
In June 1946,[68] Scott gained the distinction of being the first Hollywood star to visit Britain since the end ofWorld War II.[69] She was there to attend the London premiere ofMartha Ivers[70] and do a promotional tour through the country. While Scott was still in Britain, shooting began on a new noir that Scott joined after she returned:Dead Reckoning.[71]
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Columbia originally intendedRita Hayworth for the role,[72] but she was busy withThe Lady from Shanghai (1947).[73][74] As a result, Scott was borrowed from Hal B. Wallis.[75]
At the age of 24, Scott's billing and portrait were equal toHumphrey Bogart's on the film's lobby posters and in advertisements. Most often portrayed in publicity stills was theJean Louis gown-and-glove outfit she wore in the nightclub scene.[76] In September 1946, aMotion Picture Herald poll voted her the seventh-most promising "star of tomorrow."[77] Production ran June 10–September 4, 1946. It premiered in New York the week of January 23, 1947.[78] Despite the initial positive publicity, the long-term effect ofDead Reckoning was to typecast the former comedian for her entire career.
HistorianKevin Starr wrote of a new type of Hollywood actress who began to appear on screen during the 1940s:
The stars emerging in 1940, by contrast—Rita Hayworth,Ann Sheridan,Ida Lupino,Lupe Vélez,Marie Windsor,Lana Turner, Lizabeth Scott—each possessed a certain hardness, an invisible shield of attitude and defense, that suggested that times were getting serious and that comedy would not be able to handle all the issues... Just a few years earlier, Hollywood had been presenting the wisecracking platinum blonde, frank, sexy, self-actualizing. Now with the war, that insouciance had become hard-boiled.[79]
This "hard-boiled" quality appeared in Scott's two previous films and was repeated inDesert Fury (1947), starring withBurt Lancaster in the second noir filmed in color and aWestern as well.[80] Scott again starred with Lancaster, Corey, and Douglas, in Wallis'sI Walk Alone (1948), a noirish story of betrayal and vengeance.
More drama occurred behind the scenes of the film, originally titledDeadlock. The Kay Lawrence role was originally intended to beKristine Miller's breakout role,[81] but Scott, ever competitive with all other actresses,[67] grabbed the role for herself. Miller later recalled, "(Wallis) planned to star me inI Walk Alone. He tested me with Burt; it was a wonderful test, but then Lizabeth Scott decided she wanted the role, and Lizabeth got whatever she wanted—from Hal Wallis! (Laughs) So, I got the second part instead."[82] Douglas, while working with Lancaster on the film, commented:
Lizabeth Scott played the girl we were involved with in the movie. In real life, she was involved with Hal Wallis. This was a problem. Very often, she'd be in his office for a long time, emerge teary-eyed, and be difficult to work with for the rest of the day.[83]
Though relations between Lancaster and Scott had previously been romantic, a falling out happened. Lancaster's behavior toward Scott was chilly, especially during one kissing scene, leaving Scott looking exasperated.[84] By April 9, 1947, Lancaster tried to break his seven-year contract with Paramount. He claimed it violated a previous freelance deal, but added that he did not want to work with Scott anymore.[85] Despite all the issues among the cast and past critics,I Walk Alone is usually now judged to be a film noir classic.[86]
Scott played her third and last ingénue in the second favorite among her own films[87]—Pitfall (1948) withDick Powell andJane Wyatt as a middle-aged couple growing apart. DirectorAndré de Toth explained his reasons for casting Scott:
I wanted Lizabeth Scott. I didn't want some blonde with big tits. You had to believe that this girl was real. Even if I took one of these over-sexed types who could not act, it would change how the Powell character is drawn into the affair. Remember the point of the script was that he's just a middle-level insurance investigator. He's tired of his job, spending time in his little office with a drab secretary. So I could have made a different picture, with a prettier girl than Lizabeth Scott, and told the story of that girl, her problems, but that wasn't this movie. That would make it phony, if you cast it withMarilyn Monroe, a type like that. I needed somebody real.[88]
In May 1948, it was announced thatJane Greer andRobert Mitchum would star in a football-themed story byIrwin Shaw, originally titledInterference.[89] Afterward,Lucille Ball replaced Greer andVictor Mature replaced Mitchum. Scott was slated to play the club secretary. Then, she replaced Ball as leading lady.[90] The reason for the role switch is unknown, though Ball never forgave Mature for his rudeness when they madeSeven Days' Leave (1942).[91] The 37-year-old Ball was in career slump at the time and had to take the secondary role meant for Scott. The final film, titledEasy Living (1949), received a generally negative response when it was released. TheNew York Times review was uncommonly positive, though dismissive of Scott's performance.[92]
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Scott played the ultimate femme fatale inToo Late for Tears (1949), with Don DeFore,Dan Duryea,Arthur Kennedy, and Kristine Miller. This Hitchcock-like, black-and-white noir is widely considered Scott's best film and performance.[93] But, the film was a box-office failure when it was released, and the producerHunt Stromberg was forced into bankruptcy. Decades later, one film historian reported the film's staying power: "Too Late for Tears is a relatively 'unknown and unseen' noir and deserves this recognition, especially for its storyline, acting, and the incredible performance of Lizabeth Scott in the femme fatale role."[94] At the end of 1948, Scott shifted dramatic gears inPaid in Full which was released in 1950.
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On Tuesday, January 25, 1949, Scott collapsed and went into hysterics on theRKO set ofThe Big Steal (1949).[95] She immediately quit after three days of production.[96] According to Scott's replacement,Jane Greer, Scott quit because she was concerned about being associated with the leading manRobert Mitchum, who at the time was jailed at the local honor farm for a marijuana conviction[97]—Mitchum was convicted January 10, 1949.[98] It later was alleged that Hal Wallis was responsible for Scott's bowing out.[99] Yet, Scott starred with Mitchum in a RKO film two years later. During this same period, the press reported rumors of Scott's stage fright.[100] Scott later admitted to stage fright, explaining her absence during premieres of her films.[101]
During Scott's recovery period,Walter Winchell, in his "On Broadway" column for June 9, 1949, repeated a rumor of Scott's impending marriage to Mortimer Hall,[102] CEO and president of radio stationKLAC.[103] Scott and Hall later broke up. (Hall eventually married actressRuth Roman; pursuedRosemarie Bowe,[104] who looked similar to Scott; divorced Roman; and then marriedDiana Lynn, Scott's co-star inPaid in Full.)
By June 22, 1949, Scott reportedly recovered from her January episode and was to be lent by Hal Wallis to the Princeton Drama Festival.[105] In July 1949, Scott returned to the stage in the title role ofPhilip Yordan's playAnna Lucasta at theMcCarter Theatre, on the campus of Princeton University, New Jersey.[106] The press reported: "Folks who expected fireworks when Liz Scott andTallulah Bankhead crossed paths at the Princeton Drama Festival were vastly disappointed. It was all sweetness and light."[107]
Finally, Scott decided to legalize her stage name. Having been known professionally as "Lizabeth Scott" for almost seven years, she legally changed her name from Emma Matzo on September 14, 1949.[108][109]
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Scott acted in four films in 1950. In a continuing effort to escape her femme fatale typecasting, Scott played another self-sacrificingJune Allyson-like character before reverting to her usual torch singer/socialite roles. InThe Company She Keeps (1951), she played Joan Willburn, a probation officer who sacrifices her fiancé to a scheming convict, Diane Stuart (Jane Greer). While Greer's beauty[110] was toned down for the film, Scott's was not. As a result, critics were generally unconvinced that the leading man would choose the dowdy Diane over Joan. Most critics thought that Scott and Greer were miscast, and should have switched roles.[111][112] Columnist Erskine Johnson wrote "Lizabeth Scott is on her second reach-for-the-handkerchief-Mabel picture for RKO."[citation needed]
Scott played her third torch-singer role inDark City (1950), a traditional film noir. Her boyfriend, Danny Haley (Charlton Heston in his film debut) is a bookie who is the apparent target of a vengeful brother of a dead man whom Haley swindled. Originally, Burt Lancaster was cast as the leading man, but he refused to work with Scott again.[113]
In a May interview, Scott said she was reading the entire oeuvre ofAldous Huxley.[114] In another interview, she admitted almost joining a "cult" endorsed by Huxley, but did not due to the vow of poverty required.[115] Huxley exploredreincarnation anddestiny, beliefs which Scott also professed in interviews.[87][116] During Scott's spiritual search, she eventually met theDalai Lama at a private reception at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.[117] Yet, conversely, Scott was a friend and reader ofAyn Rand,[116] anAristotelianatheist.[118] Later in 1950, Scott was cast to do the summer-stock version ofTennessee Williams'Summer and Smoke (1948).[119] Instead, she quit the production and audited two morning courses—philosophy and political science—for six weeks at the University of Southern California.[120][121]
InTwo of a Kind (1951), Scott portrayed Brandy Kirby, a socialite who seduces a gambler, Michael "Lefty" Farrell (Edmond O'Brien), into joining a caper.Red Mountain (1952) is set in the 1860s, starring Scott as Chris, the only member of her family to survive theAmerican Civil War.Red Mountain was the second of Scott's three Westerns, though the only traditional non-noir one.
Scott played her fourth and last torch-singer role inThe Racket (1951), another conventional noir. Irene Hayes (Scott) is caught up in a struggle between a big-city police captain (Robert Mitchum) and a local crime boss (Robert Ryan), who resembles the real-lifeBugsy Siegel. The film was released two months after theKefauver hearings, in whichVirginia Hill, a former mistress of Siegel's,[122] denied having any knowledge oforganized crime. While Irene Hayes was thought to be modeled on the smoky-voiced Hill, Scott denied the rumor.[123]
Scott returned to Britain in October 1951 to filmStolen Face (1952), a noir that presagesAlfred Hitchcock'sVertigo (1958) by several years.[124]
Later that spring, Scott returned to her beginnings as a comedian when she began work on her first comedy noir,Scared Stiff, withDean Martin andJerry Lewis. Scott played an heiress who inherits a haunted castle on Lost Island off the coast of Cuba.[125] Though Scott had fond memories of working on the set in the years ahead,[126] at the time of filming, she found it trying. Scott found Lewis's impersonations of her offensive, while a jealous Hal Wallis instructed directorGeorge Marshall not to let the romantic scenes between Scott and Martin get too steamy. Despite Scott's best efforts, including making excuses for Lewis's behavior to the press, most of her scenes were cut.[127] The film premiered the week of May 28, 1953, in Los Angeles.[125] Despite the negative experience and reviews,Scared Stiff remains Scott's third favorite film.[87]
In April 1953, the 31-year-old Scott made her last film under contract to Paramount. InBad for Each Other (1953), Scott played a decadent heiress who tries to dominate a poor but idealistic physician (Charlton Heston). The source material for the screenplay,Horace McCoy's novelScalpel, was more nuanced than the linear morality play ofBad For Each Other.[128] This film was Hal Wallis's last attempt to pair Burt Lancaster and Scott.Patricia Neal was originally cast as Helen,[129] but when Scott replaced Neal, Lancaster had to be replaced by Heston.[130] Though Heston and Scott had previously worked together inDark City, feuding was reported between the two on the set.[131] The film was a box-office failure. Eight months later in February 1954, Wallis and Scott parted ways. Scott was now a freelancer.[132]
In April 1954, Scott attended theCannes Film Festival.[133] Though she left for London immediately after the festival,[134] her visit to France hadunforeseen consequences. Later that month, it was announced that she would be the host ofHigh Adventure, a travelogue television series forCBS, but she never appeared in it.[135] As Scott put it: "out of the clear blue sky one morning, I woke and decided that I never wanted to make another film again. It was just a spark, I can't explain it."[136]
Regardless, she made three more films:The Weapon (1957),Loving You (1957) andPulp (1972).
Though the public response to Scott was generally favorable during the Paramount years, the film critics were less so, repeatedly making unfavorable comparisons toLauren Bacall and Tallulah Bankhead,[137][138][139] beginning with Bob Thomas' March 1945 comment about her screen test: "Her throaty voice may well make Lauren Bacall sound like a mezzo soprano."[140] When the most prominent critic of the era,Bosley Crowther ofThe New York Times, gave a bad review ofYou Came Along (1945),[141] Scott's film debut, she recalled: "Being very young and naïve at the time, I didn't know you weren't supposed to do such things, so I called him up and complained. I told him how hard everyone worked to make such a beautiful movie, and I couldn't understand how he could be so cruel. I must say he took it awfully well, and was very kind to me."[26] Nonetheless, in his review ofI Walk Alone (1948), he stated: "As the torch singer ... Lizabeth Scott has no more personality than a model in the window of a department store."[142] He also wrote of "a frighteningly grotesque Lizabeth Scott, who is supposed to represent a cabaret singer" inDark City (1950).[143]
Scott's style of acting, characteristic of other film actors of the 1940s—a cool, naturalistic underplay derived from multiple sources[144]—was often deprecated by critics who preferred the more emphatic stage styles of the pre-film era or the latermethod styles. Typical of the 1940s was Dick McCrone: "Miss Scott, who is an excellent clothes horse, rounds out the principals as Lancaster's moll. Otherwise, she's still the same frozen-face actress she was inDesert Fury and a couple of pictures before that."[145] Current film historians critical of Scott either repeat Bob Thomas' image of an ersatz Bacall,[146][147] Bosley Crowther in describing Scott's acting as wooden,[148][149] or a pastiche of actresses of the period, as didPauline Kael.[150][151]
Others, though, see Scott's acting in a different light.[94][152] With the revival of interest in film noir and its corresponding acting style, beginning in the 1980s, Scott's reputation has risen among critics and film historians.[153][154][155] InMovieland, his personal history of Hollywood,Jerome Charyn described this style as "dreamwalking":[156] "And then, among theDolly Sisters andErrol Flynn,Bing Crosby andDotty Lamour, theBrazilian Bombshell,Scheherazade,Ali Baba, and theelephant boy—all the fluff and exotic pastry that Hollywood could produce—appeared a very odd animal, the dreamwalker, likeTurhan Bey,Sonny Tufts,Paul Henreid,Alan Ladd,Veronica Lake, Lizabeth Scott, andDana Andrews, whose face had a frozen quality and always looked half-asleep ... The dreamwalker seemed to mirror all our own fears. His (and her) numbness was the crazed underside of that cinematic energy in the wake of the (Second World) war."[157]
During theGolden Age of Radio, Scott reprised her film roles in abridged radio versions. Typical were her appearances onLux Radio Theatre:You Came Along with Van Johnson in the Robert Cummings role andI Walk Alone.[158] Scott was also a guest host/narrator onFamily Theater.[159]
Erskine Johnson reported in January 1954 that Scott was being trained by Hollywood voice teacher Harriet Lee,[160] and later byLillian Rosedale Goodman—the final result was that Scott "has a vocal range of two octaves, A below C to High C,"[161] making Scott a mezzo-soprano. In July 1956, Johnson reported that Scott was under the management of Earl Mills, who also managed the singing career ofDorothy Dandridge. Scott was planning to debut as a torch singer on the nightclub circuit.[162]
Scott re-emerged from retirement inLoving You (1957),Elvis Presley's secondmusical. During the shooting ofLoving You, Scott was reported to have been infatuated with Presley. During a kissing scene, she playfully bit him on the cheek, leaving a red mark, which she called "just a little love nibble." The scene had to be reshot with the other side of his face to the camera.[163] Scott's musical debut came to naught, however. Though Hal Wallis tried to get Scott's singing voice undubbed for the production, he was overruled by the studio heads, despite all of Scott's previous voice training. Production ran from late January 1957 to mid-March 1957.[164]
Undaunted by Paramount's refusal to let her singing be heard, Scott signed a recording contract with Vik Records (a subsidiary ofRCA Victor). Scott recorded her album withHenri René and his orchestra in Hollywood on October 28, 29 and 30, 1957. Simply titledLizabeth, the 12 tracks are a mixture of torch songs and playful romantic ballads.[165] Finally on April 23, 1958, Scott made her public singing debut on CBS'The Big Record.[161]
In the 1960s, Scott continued to guest-star on television, including an episode ofAdventures in Paradise, "The Amazon" (1960), withGardner McKay. Scott played the titular character, derived from a boyfriend's dialog: "She is a sleek, well-groomed tigress, a man-eating shark—an Amazon! She chews men up and spits them out."[166] In aBurke's Law episode, "Who Killed Cable Roberts?" (1963), she camped it up as the ungrieving widow of a celebrity big-game hunter.[167] Much of her private time, though, was dedicated to classes at theUniversity of Southern California.[168]
Howard Rushmore, editor of scandal and gossip magazineConfidential, developed an exposé on Scott in late 1954. Despite the lack of evidence,Confidential sent a copy of the story to Scott.[169] What Scott read was that a police raid occurred on aHollywood Hills bungalow[170] at 8142 Laurel View Drive the previous autumn.[171] Two female adults, one male adult, and a 17-year-old female were arrested on prostitution charges. The police found an address book with the names and telephone numbers of people active in the film industry, including two numbers allegedly belonging to Scott. "HO 2-0064" had a Hollywood prefix[172] and was the residential number of an elderly couple, Henry A. and Mamie R. Finke,[173] of 4465 West 2nd Street, Los Angeles,[174] while "BR 2-6111"[175] belonged to the20th Century Fox switchboard at 10201 West Pico Boulevard, Los Angeles.[176] Scott did not work for 20th Century until 1956, when she took part in an episode ofThe 20th Century Fox Hour.
The Rushmore article further stated that Scott spent her off-work hours with "Hollywood's weird society of baritone babes" (a euphemism forlesbians). He also wrote, of Scott's trip to Cannes: "In one jaunt to Europe, (Scott) headed straight for Paris and the left bank where she took up withFrede, the city's most notorious Lesbian queen and the operator of a night club devoted exclusively to entertaining deviates like herself."[177]Frede Baulé managed "Carroll's", an upper-class, cabaret-type nightclub[178] at 36 Rue de Ponthieu, Paris, France.[179] It featured mainstream entertainers of the day such asEartha Kitt[180] and was devoted exclusively to entertainingcafé society.[181] One of the owners wasMarlene Dietrich, who happened to be the subject of "The Untold Story of Marlene Dietrich" in the then current issue ofConfidential.[182]
Instead of paying the magazine not to publish the article, Scott sued. On July 25, 1955, two months before the issue's printed publication date, and while the Marlene Dietrich issue was still on the newsstands,Jerry Giesler, Scott's lawyer, initiated a $2.5 million libel suit.[183]
In retaliation,Confidential published the Scott story in the next issue. Under the byline of "Matt Williams", it was titled "Lizabeth Scott in the Call Girls' Call Book".[177][184] In November 1955, at the age of 33, Scott again went to Britain to filmThe Weapon (1956).
The next spring, despite Giesler's reassurances to the press, the legal efforts againstConfidential went nowhere. Since the magazine was domiciled in New York state, and Scott was a California resident who had initiated the suit in her own state, Los Angeles Superior Court judge Leon T. David quashed Scott's suit on March 7, 1956, on the grounds that the magazine was not published in California. Despite this setback, Giesler said that he would refile in New York.[185] Lawsuits from other actors against the magazine were piling up. Meanwhile, Rushmore tried to getConfidential publisherRobert Harrison to run a story about formerFirst LadyEleanor Roosevelt allegedly having an affair with herAfrican-American chauffeur.[186] When Harrison refused, Rushmore quit and flew to Los Angeles to meet with Scott's attorney, Jerry Giesler. Rushmore offered to testify againstConfidential in exchange for a job in Hollywood. Giesler rejected the offer. Then, Rushmore became a witness for California Attorney GeneralEdmund "Pat" Brown. Since New York refused to let Brown extradite Harrison to California, Brown instead put Harrison's niece, Marjorie Meade, director of the Hollywood Research investigative arm ofConfidential, on trial. On August 7, 1957, the trial ofThe People of the State of California v. Robert Harrison, et al. began.[187][188] It eventually involved over 200 actors, most of whom fled California to avoid defense subpoenas. Rushmore, now the state's star witness, testified that the magazine knowingly published unverified allegations, despite its reputation for double-checking facts: "Some of the stories are true and some have nothing to back them up at all. Harrison many times overruled his libel attorneys and went ahead on something."[189]
According to Rushmore, Harrison told the attorneys, "I'd go out of business if I printed the kind of stuff you guys want."[190] Ronnie Quillan herself testified at the same trial that she had never verified the Scott story, thus not making the story "suit proof", but that Rushmore agreed to publish it anyway.[169] However, a mistrial was declared on October 1, 1957, when the jury could not agree on a verdict.[191]
In the wake of the sensational 1957 trial, Scott was forgotten by the media.[192] Despite later claims that Scott's film career was ruined by theConfidential scandal,[193][194] by the time the September 1955 issue ofConfidential appeared, her career was already dormant. Scott had begun her career at a time when many established actors were away at war, giving then unknowns like Scott a chance at stardom. When the older stars returned, many of the newer stars faded away.[195][clarification needed] In addition, the rise of television and the breakup of thestudio system further curtailed film production. Film historians generally agree that Scott's career essentially peaked between 1947 and 1949.[196] By February 1953, her stage fright was such that she even hid from friends.[197] Scott did not renew her Paramount contract in February 1954, 18 months before "Lizabeth Scott in the Call Girls' Call Book" was published. Between the end of her contract and Rushmore's article, she had turned down numerous scripts, including a part in Wallis'sThe Rose Tattoo (1955).[198] Instead of reinventing herself as Bacall did, returning to Broadway, Scott chose another path.
In May 1969, the wedding of Scott to oil executive William Dugger ofSan Antonio,Texas, was announced after a two-year engagement.[199][200] Months later, musician Rexino Mondo was helping Scott decorate her fiancé's mansion onMulholland Drive. According to Mondo, Scott "introduced me to her fiancé, Texas oil baron William Lafayette Dugger, Jr. He was in his late forties, of medium build, good-looking, with dark hair, a warm personality, and a strong handshake." Dugger described Scott as "A misunderstood soul searching for love. Her outward appearance is just a shell."[201]
Dugger planned to make a film inRome starring Scott, but he suddenly died on August 8, 1969. A handwritten codicil to his will leaving half his estate to his fiancée was contested by Dugger's sister, Sarah Dugger Schwartz.[202] The will was judged invalid in 1971.[203]
Several books have claimed that prior to her relationship with Dugger, Scott was a mistress of renowned film producerHal B. Wallis, who at that time was married to actressLouise Fazenda.[83][204][205][206] Wallis had a falling out with Scott around the time ofBad for Each Other, with recriminations on Wallis's part. After a few years, Wallis made an effort to revive the relationship with Scott by making her the leading lady oppositeElvis Presley inLoving You (1957). Wallis thought it might be his last chance to offer Scott a starring role in anything.[207]
After shooting was completed, Scott walked away from film acting to try her hand at singing. The 14-year-relationship that began at the Stork Club in 1943 came to an end. With regard to Wallis, Scott knew the relationship was over—only Wallis remained in denial. After the death of his wife in 1962, Wallis went into a depression and became a recluse before marryingMartha Hyer in 1966.
In later life, Wallis was reticent to talk on the subject of Scott,[208] despite an unjealous Hyer urging him to include Scott and his other mistresses in his autobiography. ThoughCasablanca was the film of which Wallis was most proud, the films he watched repeatedly were those starring Lizabeth Scott. Even during his second marriage, Wallis continued to screen Scott's films at home, night after night.[209]
Scott tended toward secrecy about her personal relationships and publicly disparaged former dates who told all to the press. Once their date appears in the press, "the man goes off [my] date list... I think," said Scott, "that gentlemen don't tell."[210]
In 1948, Burt Lancaster said of Scott: "Becoming her close friend... is a long stretch at hard labor."[211] In the period between 1945 and the 1970s, the press reported Scott datingVan Johnson,[212]James Mason,[213]Helmut Dantine,[214] plastic surgeon Gregory Pollock,[215]Richard Quine,[216]William Dozier,[217]Philip Cochran,[218]Herb Caen,[219]Peter Lawford,[220] Anson Bond of the clothing store chain family,[221] Seymour Bayer of the pharmaceutical family,[222]David Mountbatten, Marquess of Milford Haven,[223] race-track owner Gerald "Jerry" Herzfeld,[224] andEddie Sutherland,[225] among others.Burt Bacharach dated Scott during his breakup withAngie Dickinson.[226] According to Bacharach: "She personified what I love about a woman, which is not too feminine but a little bit masculine. Just the strength and the coolness and the separation from the frilly woman who is always touching you and wanting something... I thinkDiane Keaton had that kind of quality."[227] In 1953, Scott was briefly engaged to architect John C. Lindsey.[228]
Despite theConfidential gossip article, Scott remained active on the Hollywood dating circuit, but the allegations continued to haunt her. A friend, David Patrick Columbia, commented: "One night driving her home from a party we'd been to, she remarked apropos of nothing we'd been talking about, 'and you know David, I am not a lesbian.'"[117]
Scott made her final film appearance in her second comedy noir,Pulp (1972), alongsideMichael Caine andMickey Rooney in a nostalgicpastiche of noir cliches.[229] The director and screenwriter,Mike Hodges, spent a long time coaxing Scott out of retirement to fly to Malta for the shooting. Scott said that while she enjoyed Malta, she was not pleased that most of her footage was cut out—eight scenes in all.[230] Hodges for his part reported that Scott was challenging to work with while shooting and struggled with nerves. Despite disagreements among the cast, crew, and past critics,Pulp, as with the 1949Too Late for Tears, is considered an artistic success by film historians.[231]
After that, Scott kept away from public view and declined most interview requests.[232] From the 1970s on, she was engaged in real estate development[233] and volunteer work for various charities, such asProject HOPE[234][235] and the Ancient Arts Council of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art,[1] where she was a major donor.[117]
Unlike her favorite colleague,Greta Garbo, Scott's seclusion was not total. She continued to date within a close circle of old Hollywood insiders.[117] "One of her best friends was the singerMichael Jackson, and on very rare occasions, she could be spotted on his arm."[5] Nor did she forget Hal Wallis. She appeared on stage at anAmerican Film Institute tribute to Wallis in 1987 and fondly recalled her time with him. In 2003, film historian Bernard F. Dick interviewed Scott for his biography of Wallis. The result was an entire chapter titled "Morning Star", in which the author observed Scott was still able to recite her opening monologue fromThe Skin of Our Teeth, which she had learned six decades earlier.[236]
In 2022, on her 100th birthday, boutique publisher Pelekinesis[237] released "Lunch With Lizabeth," a memoir by filmmaker/authorTodd Hughes detailing his obsession and subsequent twenty year friendship with Scott[238] that began with a 1995 date at famed restaurantMusso & Frank Grill.
Scott died ofcongestive heart failure on January 31, 2015, at the age of 93.[4][239] Until her death she had managed to make herself a year younger than she actually was.[6]
Lizabeth Scott has a star on theHollywood Walk of Fame at 1624 Vine Street in Hollywood.[240]
General Course—[...] Emma Virginia Matzo, [...]
Scott's executor, Mary, told me this story in 2017, two years after the actress's death. I held Scott's long-expired passport in my hands, her DOB untampered with: September 29, 1921.
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