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Livvi-Karelian language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Karelian dialect spoken in Russia and Finland
Not to be confused withLivonian language.

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Livvi-Karelian
Ливвиliygi
livvin kieli
Native toRussia,Finland
RegionbetweenLake Ladoga andLake Onega, northward ofSvir River,Karelia
EthnicityOlonets Karelians
Native speakers
(14,100–25,000 cited 2000–2010)[1]
Uralic
Latin (Karelian alphabet)
Official status
Recognised minority
language in
Language codes
ISO 639-3olo
Glottologlivv1243
ELPLivvi
Distribution of Karelian and Ludic at the beginning of the 20th century[4][5]
Olonetsian is classified as Definitely Endangered by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)
PeopleKarelians
LanguageKarelian;
Livvi-Karelian
CountryKarelia

Livvi-Karelian[6] (Alternate names:Liygi,Livvi,Livvikovian,Olonets,Southern Olonetsian,Karelian;Russian:ливвиковское наречие,romanized: livvikovskoye narechiye)[6][7] is asupradialect ofKarelian, which is aFinnic language of theUralic family,[8] spoken byOlonets Karelians (self-appellationlivvi,livgilaizet), traditionally inhabiting the area betweenLadoga andOnega lakes, northward ofSvir River.

Tatiana Boiko speaks about the Livvi-Karelian dialect of the Karelian language and theVepKar corpus, with subtitles in English.KarRC RAS, 2018.

The name "Olonets Karelians" is derived from the territory inhabited,Olonets Krai, named after the town ofOlonets, named after theOlonka River.

History

[edit]
Dialects of theKarelian language includesKarelian Proper supradialect, Livvi-Karelian supradialect,Ludic supradialect.

BeforeWorld War II, Livvi-Karelian was spoken both inRussia and inFinland, in the easternmost part ofFinnish Karelia. After Finland was forced to cede large parts of Karelia to theUSSR after the war, the Finnish Livvi-Karelian population was resettled in Finland. Today there are still native speakers of Livvi-Karelian living scattered throughout Finland, but all areas in which Livvi-Karelian remains a community language are found in Russia.

Speakers of Livvi-Karelian may be found mainly inOlonetsky,Pryazhinsky,Pitkyarantsky, and partlySuoyarvsky districts of theRepublic of Karelia.[9] Livvi-Karelian long remained relatively uninfluenced by theRussian language despite the large influx ofRussians following thefounding of Saint Petersburg in 1703.[citation needed]

Phonology

[edit]
Karelian dialects mapped out, with Number 4 being the Livvi-Karelian dialect.

Vowels

[edit]
FrontBack
rnd.urnd.rnd.urnd.
Closeiiːyyːuuː
Mideøo
Openæɑ

Consonants

[edit]
LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
plainpal.
Plosivevoicelesspttʲk
voicedbddʲɡ
Affricatevoicelesst͡st͡ʃ
voicedd͡ʒ
Fricativevoiceless(f)sʃ(x)h
voicedzʒ
Nasalmn(ŋ)
Approximantʋlj
Rhoticr
  • Consonants may also occur asgeminated or long[Cː].
  • Sounds/f,x/ are commonly heard from Russian loanwords.
  • /h/ can have allophones of[x] or[χ].
  • /n/ is heard as[ŋ] when preceding/k/ or/ɡ/.
  • Palatalization[ʲ] may occur among different dialects when consonants are preceding vowels/i,y/.[10]

Alphabet

[edit]

Livvi-Karelian uses theLatin alphabet and has the following letters in itsalphabet, which is called theKarelian alphabet: Aa, Bb, Cc,Čč, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss,Šš, Zz,Žž, Tt, Uu, Vv, Yy,Ää,Öö.[11]

Until 2007, theü letter was a part of the Livvi-Karelian alphabet, which has been recommended by the Karelian language board to be instead be changed to the y letter.[12]

Grammar

[edit]

Livvi-Karelian and itsgrammatical cases are quite similar to theFinnish language and other relatedFinnic languages.

The word 'food' in Livvi-Karelian cases:[13]

casesingularplural
nom.syöminesyömizet
gen.syömizensyömizien
par.syömistysyömizii
ine.syömizessyömizis
ill.syömizehsyömizih
ela.syömizessyömizis
ade.syömizelsyömizil
abe.syömizettähsyömizittäh
all.syömizelesyömizile
abl.syömizelsyömizil
ess.syömizennysyömizinny
tra.syömizeksesyömizikse
com.syömizensyömizienke
prol.syömizečisyömiziči
term.syömizessähsyömizissäh
approx.syömizellyösyömiziellyö
acc.syöminesyömizet

Common phrases

[edit]

Source:[14][15]

Hello! -Terveh!

How are you? -Kuibo dielot?

Good night! -Hyviä yödy!

Good afternoon! -Hyviä päiviä!

Do you speak Karelian? -Pagizetgo (sinä) karjalakse?

I'm sorry. -Minul on žiäli.

You're welcome. -Ole hyvä.

I love you. -Suvaičen sinuu.

Goodbye. -Jiä tervehekse.

My name is ... -Minun nimi on ...

Excuse me. -Prostikkua.

Help! -Avvutakkua!

Cheers! -Teijän tervehyökse!

Right. -Oigei.

Left. -Hurai.

Yes. -Da.

No.. -Ei.

One. -Yksi.

Two. -Kaksi.

Three. -Kolme.

Four. -Nelli.

Five. -Viizi.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Karjalainen, Heini; Puura, Ulriikka; Grünthal, Riho; Kovaleva, Svetlana (2013). "Karelian in Russia. ELDIA Case-Specific Report".Studies in European Language Diversity.26. ELDIA.ISSN 2192-2403.
  2. ^Change in the regulation by the president of Finland aboutEuropean Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, 27.11.2009 (in Finnish)
  3. ^"Законодательные акты: О государственной поддержке карельского, вепсского и финского языков в Республике Карелия". Archived fromthe original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved8 January 2011.
  4. ^Rantanen, Timo; Tolvanen, Harri; Roose, Meeli; Ylikoski, Jussi; Vesakoski, Outi (8 June 2022)."Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic".PLOS ONE.17 (6) e0269648.Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1769648R.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269648.PMC 9176854.PMID 35675367.
  5. ^Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, & Tolvanen, Harri. (2021).Geographical database of the Uralic languages (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188
  6. ^ab"Livvi-Karelian".Ethnologue. Retrieved28 May 2011.
  7. ^Moseley, Christopher (2007).Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages. Psychology Press. p. 263.ISBN 978-0-203-64565-9.
  8. ^"Language Family Trees, Uralic, Finnic".Ethnologue. Retrieved28 May 2011.
  9. ^"Karelian Language", at the website about livvic culture
  10. ^Sarhimaa, Anneli (2022).Karelian. Oxford Guides to the World's Languages (1st ed.): Oxford University Press. pp. 274–275.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  11. ^Pyöli, Raija (2011).Livvinkarjalan kielioppi (in Finnish). Karjalan Kielen Seura.ISBN 978-952-5790-25-2.
  12. ^"Kirjaimikkuo suurendetah". Archived fromthe original on 24 September 2014. Retrieved6 January 2024.
  13. ^"VepKar :: Lemmas".dictorpus.krc.karelia.ru. Retrieved17 October 2023.
  14. ^"Useful phrases in Livvi-Karelian".www.omniglot.com. Retrieved17 October 2023.
  15. ^Craig Gibson, Digital Dialects 2020."Digital Dialects Karelian games".www.digitaldialects.com. Retrieved17 October 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

External links

[edit]
Livvi-Karelian edition ofWikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Finnic
Sámi
Eastern Sámi
Western Sámi
Unclassified
Mordvinic
Mari
Permic
Ugric
Eastern Ugric
Western Ugric
Samoyedic
Others
Reconstructed
International
National
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