| Live Aid | |
|---|---|
 Official Live Aid poster featuring artwork byPeter Blake | |
| Genre | Rock,pop |
| Dates | 13 July 1985; 40 years ago (1985-07-13) |
| Locations |
|
| Founders | Bob Geldof Midge Ure |
| Attendance | 72,000 (London) 89,484 (Philadelphia) |
Live Aid was a two-venuebenefit concert and music-based fundraising initiative held on Saturday 13 July 1985. The event was organised byBob Geldof andMidge Ure to raise further funds for relief of the1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, a movement that started with the release of the successful charity single "Do They Know It's Christmas?" in December 1984. Billed as the "global jukebox", Live Aid was held simultaneously atWembley Stadium inLondon andJohn F. Kennedy Stadium inPhiladelphia.[1][2]
On the same day, concerts inspired by the initiative were held in other countries, such as theSoviet Union,Canada,Japan,Yugoslavia,Austria,Australia, andWest Germany. It was one of the largest satellite link-ups and television broadcasts of all time. An estimated audience of 1.9 billion people in 150 nations watched the live broadcast, nearly 40 per cent of the world population.[3][4]
The impact of Live Aid on famine relief has been debated for years. One aid relief worker stated that following the publicity generated by the concert, "humanitarian concern is now at the centre of foreign policy" for Western governments.[5] Geldof has said: "We took an issue that was nowhere on the political agenda and, through thelingua franca of the planet – which is not English but rock 'n' roll – we were able to address the intellectual absurdity and the moral repulsion of people dying of want in a world of surplus."[6] In another interview he stated that Live Aid "created something permanent and self-sustaining" but also asked why Africa is getting poorer.[5]
The organisers of Live Aid tried to run aid efforts directly, channelling millions of pounds toNGOs inEthiopia. It has been alleged that much of this went to the Ethiopian government ofMengistu Haile Mariam – a regime the UK Prime MinisterMargaret Thatcher opposed[7] – and it is also alleged some funds were spent on guns.[5][8] Although theBBC World Service programmeAssignment reported in March 2010 that the funds had been diverted, the BBC Editorial Complaints Unit later found "that there was no evidence to support such statements".[9]Brian Barder, British Ambassador to Ethiopia from 1982 to 1986, wrote on his website: "The programme itself, and in particular the BBC's advance publicity for it, gave the impression that these allegations concerned not only the aid operation in TPLF [rebel]-controlled areas but also the much larger international relief aid operation in the rest of Ethiopia, including in particular money for famine relief raised by Bob Geldof's Band Aid and Live Aid. This impression is entirely false. Nothing of the sort occurred."[10]
The 1985 Live Aid concert was conceived as a follow-on to the successful charity single "Do They Know It's Christmas?" which was also the idea of Geldof and Ure. In October 1984, images of hundreds of thousands ofpeople starving to death in Ethiopia were shown in the UK inMichael Buerk'sBBC News reports on the1984 famine.[11] The BBC News crew were the first to document the famine, with Buerk's report on 23 October describing it as "a biblical famine in the 20th century" and "the closest thing to hell on Earth".[12] The reports featured a young nurse,Claire Bertschinger, who, surrounded by 85,000 starving people, told of her sorrow of having to decide which children would be allowed access to the limited food supplies in the feeding station and which were too sick to be saved.[13] She would put a little mark on the children who got chosen, with Geldof stating of her at the time: "In her was vested the power of life and death. She had become God-like and that is unbearable for anyone."[13] Traumatised by what she experienced she did not speak about it for two decades, recalling in 2005: "I felt like a Nazi sending people to the death camps. Why was I in this situation? Why was it possible in this time of plenty that some have food and some do not? It is not right."[13]
"There are thousands of people outside. I have counted 10 rows, and each row has more than 100 people in, and I can only take 60–70 children today, but they all need to come in."
Shocked by the report, the British public inundated relief agencies, such asSave the Children, with donations, with the report also bringing the world's attention to the crisis in Ethiopia.[11][14] Such was the magnitude of Buerk's report it was also broadcast in its entirety on a major US news channel – almost unheard of at the time.[15] From his home in London Geldof also saw the report and called Ure from Ultravox (Geldof and Ure had previously worked together for charity when they appeared at the 1981 benefit showThe Secret Policeman's Ball in London) and together they quickly co-wrote the song "Do They Know It's Christmas?" in the hope of raising money for famine relief.[11] Geldof then contacted colleagues in the music industry and persuaded them to record the single under the name Band Aid for nothing.[11] On 25 November 1984, the song was recorded atSarm West Studios inNotting Hill, London, and was released four days later.[16][17] It stayed atnumber one for five weeks in the UK, wasChristmas number one, and became the fastest-selling single ever in Britain and raised £8 million, rather than the £70,000 Geldof and Ure had initially expected.[11] Geldof then set his sights on staging a huge concert to raise further funds.[11]
The idea to stage a charity concert to raise more funds for Ethiopia originally came fromBoy George, the lead singer ofCulture Club. George and Culture Club drummerJon Moss had taken part in the recording of "Do They Know It's Christmas?" and in the same month, the band were undertaking a tour of the UK, which culminated in six nights atWembley Arena. On the final night at Wembley, 22 December 1984, an impromptu gathering of some of the other artists from Band Aid joined Culture Club on stage at the end of the concert for an encore of "Do They Know It's Christmas?" George was so overcome by the occasion he told Geldof that they should consider organising a benefit concert. Speaking to the UK music magazineMelody Maker at the beginning of January 1985, Geldof revealed his enthusiasm for George's idea, saying: "If George is organising it, you can tell him he can call me at any time, and I'll do it. It's a logical progression from the record, but the point is you don't just talk about it, you go ahead and do it!"[18]
It was clear from the interview that Geldof had already had the idea to hold a dual venue concert and how the concerts should be structured:
The show should be as big as is humanly possible. There's no point [in] just 5,000 fans turning up atWembley; we need to have Wembley linked withMadison Square Gardens, and the whole show to be televised worldwide. It would be great forDuran to play three or four numbers at Wembley and then flick to Madison Square, whereSpringsteen would be playing. While he's on, the Wembley stage could be made ready for the next British act likethe Thompsons or whoever. In that way, lots of acts could be featured, and the television rights, tickets, and so on could raise a phenomenal amount of money. It's not an impossible idea, and certainly one worth exploiting.[18]
Live Aid production manager Andy Zweck said: "Bob [Geldof] had to play some tricks to get artists involved. He had to call Elton and say Queen are in and Bowie's in, and of course they weren't. Then he'd call Bowie and say Elton and Queen are in. It was a game of bluff."[19]
Among those involved in organising Live Aid wereHarvey Goldsmith, who was responsible for the Wembley Stadium concert, andMichael C. Mitchell, who put together the American leg.[20] On promoting the event, Goldsmith stated: "I didn't really get a chance to say no. Bob [Geldof] arrived in my office and basically said: 'We're doing this.' It started from there."[19]
The concert grew in scope as more acts were added on both sides of the Atlantic.Tony Verna, one of the inventors ofinstant replay, was able to secureJohn F. Kennedy Stadium through his friendship with Philadelphia mayorWilson Goode and was able to procure, through his connections withABC's prime time chief, John Hamlin, a three-hour prime time slot on the ABC Network and, in addition, was able to supplement the lengthy programme through meetings that resulted in the addition of an ad-hoc network within the US, which covered 85 per cent of TVs there. Verna designed the needed satellite schematic and became the executive director as well as the co-executive producer alongsideHal Uplinger. Uplinger, the co-inventor of instant replay, came up with the idea to produce a four-hour video edit of Live Aid to distribute to those countries without the necessary satellite equipment to rebroadcast the live feed.[citation needed]
The concert began at noon British Summer Time (BST) (7:00 Eastern Daylight Time (EDT)) atWembley Stadium in the United Kingdom.[21] It continued atJohn F. Kennedy Stadium (JFK) in the United States, starting at 13:51 BST (8:51 EDT). The UK's Wembley performances ended at 22:00 BST (17:00 EDT). The JFK performances and the whole concert in the US ended at 04:05 BST on 14 July (23:05 EDT). Thus, the concert continued for just over 16 hours, but since many artists' performances were conducted simultaneously in Wembley and JFK, the total concert length was just over 24 hours.[21]
Mick Jagger andDavid Bowie intended to perform a transatlantic duet, with Bowie in London and Jagger in Philadelphia.[22] Problems of synchronisation meant the only practical solution was to have one artist, likely Bowie at Wembley, mime along to prerecorded vocals broadcast as part of the live sound mix for Jagger's performance from Philadelphia.[22] Veteran music engineerDavid Richards (Pink Floyd andQueen) was brought in to create footage and sound mixes Jagger and Bowie could perform to in their respective venues. The BBC would then have had to ensure those footage and sound mixes were in sync while also performing a live vision mix of the footage from both venues. The combined footage would then have had to be bounced back by satellite to the various broadcasters worldwide. Due to the time lag (the signal would take several seconds to be broadcast twice across the Atlantic Ocean), Richards concluded there was no way for Jagger to hear or see Bowie's performance, meaning there could be no interaction between the artists, essentially defeating the whole point of the exercise. On top of this, both artists objected to miming during what was perceived as a historic event. Instead, Jagger and Bowie worked with Richards to create a video of the song they would have performed, a cover of "Dancing in the Street", which was shown on the screens of both stadiums and broadcast as part of many television networks' coverage.[22]
Each of the two main parts of the concert ended with their particular continental all-star anti-hunger anthems, with Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?" closing the UK concert, andUSA for Africa's "We Are the World" closing the US concert (and thus the entire event itself).[23]
Concert organisers have subsequently said they were particularly keen to ensure at least one surviving member ofthe Beatles, ideallyPaul McCartney, took part in the concert as they felt that having an "elder statesman" from British music would give it greater legitimacy in the eyes of the political leaders whose opinions the performers were trying to shape. McCartney agreed to perform and has said it was "the management" – his children – who persuaded him to take part. In the event, he was the last performer (aside from the Band Aid finale) to take to the stage and one of the few to be beset by technical difficulties; his microphone failed for the first two minutes of his piano performance of "Let It Be", making it difficult for television viewers and impossible for those in the stadium to hear him.[3] He later joked by saying he had thought about changing the lyrics to "There will be some feedback, let it be".[24]
Phil Collins performed at both Wembley Stadium and JFK, travelling from Wembley by helicopter (piloted by UK television personalityNoel Edmonds) toLondon Heathrow Airport, then took aBritish AirwaysConcorde flight to New York City, before taking another helicopter to Philadelphia.[25] As well as his own set at both venues, he also played the piano forSting in London, then drums forEric Clapton, and played with the reuniting surviving members ofLed Zeppelin at JFK. On the Concorde flight, Collins encountered actress and singerCher and told her about the concerts.[19] Upon reaching the US, she attended the Philadelphia concert and can be seen performing as part of the concert's "We Are the World" finale.[19] In a 1985 interview, singer-songwriterBilly Joel stated that he had considered performing at the event, but ultimately chose not to because he had difficulties getting his band together and did not want to perform by himself.[26]
BroadcasterRichard Skinner opened the Live Aid concert with the words:
It's twelve noon in London, seven AM in Philadelphia, and around the world it's time for Live Aid.[21]
The concert was the most ambitious international satellite television venture that had ever been attempted at the time. In Europe, the television feed was supplied by theBBC via theEBU; its broadcast was presented byRichard Skinner,Andy Kershaw,Mark Ellen,David Hepworth,Andy Batten-Foster, Steve Blacknell,Paul Gambaccini,Janice Long andMike Smith and included numerous interviews and chats among the various acts.[27] TheBBC's television sound feed was mono, as was all UK television audio beforeNICAM was introduced, but theBBC Radio 1 feed was stereo and was simulcast in sync with the television pictures. Unfortunately, in the rush to set up the transatlantic feeds, the sound feed from Philadelphia was sent to London via transatlantic cable, while the video feed was via satellite, which meant a lack of synchronisation on British television receivers. Due to the constant activities in both London and Philadelphia, the BBC producers broadcast only two songs from the reunion ofCrosby, Stills, Nash & Young after 10 pm; the same applied to Rick Springfield and REO Speedwagon. BBC broadcast only one song from theBlack Sabbath set, around 3 am. Ashford & Simpson' "Solid" was not broadcast on the BBC. The BBC, however, did supply a"clean feed" to various television channels in Europe.
ABC was largely responsible for the US broadcast (although ABC themselves telecast only the final three hours of the concert from Philadelphia, hosted byDick Clark, with the rest shown in syndication throughOrbis Communications, acting on behalf of ABC). An entirely separate and simultaneous US feed was provided for cable viewers byMTV; its broadcast was presented in stereo and accessible as such for those with stereo televisions. At the time, beforemultichannel television sound was enacted nationwide, very few televisions reproduced stereo signals, and few television stations were able to broadcast in stereo. While the telecast was run advertisement-free by the BBC, both the MTV and syndicated/ABC broadcasts included advertisements and interviews. As a result, many songs were omitted due to the commercial breaks, as these songs were played during these slots.
The biggest issue of the syndicated/ABC coverage is that the network had wanted to reserve some of the biggest acts that had played earlier in the day for certain points in the entire broadcast, particularly in the final three hours in prime time; thus, Orbis Communications had some sequences replaced by others, especially those portions of the concert that had acts from London and Philadelphia playing simultaneously. For example, while the London/Wembley finale was taking place at 22:00 (10:00 pm) London time, syndicated viewers saw segments that had been recorded earlier so that ABC could show the UK finale during its prime-time portion. In 1995,VH1 andMuchMusic aired a re-edited ten-hour re-broadcast of the concert for its 10th anniversary.
The Live Aid concert in London was also the first time that the BBCoutside broadcast sound equipment had been used for an event of such scale. In stark contrast to the mirrored sound systems commonly used by the rock band touring engineers, with two 40–48-channel mixing consoles at thefront of house and another pair for monitors, the BBC sound engineers had to use multiple 12-channel desks. Some credit this as the point where the mainstream entertainment industry realised that the rock concert industry had overtaken them in technical expertise.[28]
TheColdstream Guards band opened with the "Royal Salute", a brief version of the national anthem "God Save the Queen".Status Quo were the first act to appear and started their set with "Rockin' All Over the World", also playing "Caroline" and fan favourite "Don't Waste My Time".[29] "Bob told me: 'It doesn't matter a fuck what you sound like, just so long as you're there,'" recalled guitarist and singerFrancis Rossi. "Thanks for the fucking honesty, Sir Bob."[30] This would be the band's last appearance with bassist and founding memberAlan Lancaster and drummerPete Kircher.[31]Diana, Princess of Wales andCharles, Prince of Wales were among those in attendance as the concert commenced.[11]
Bob Geldof performed with the rest of the Boomtown Rats, singing "I Don't Like Mondays". He and the band paused just after the line "The lesson today is how to die" to loud applause.[3][19]Gary Kemp said: "Dare I say it, it was evangelical, that moment when Geldof stopped 'I Don't Like Mondays' and raised his fist in the air. He was a sort of statesman. A link between punk and the New Romantics and the Eighties. You would follow him. He just has a huge charisma; he'd make a frightening politician."[19] He finished the song and left the crowd to sing the final words.Elvis Costello sang a version of the Beatles' "All You Need Is Love", which he introduced by asking the audience to "help [him] sing this old northern English folk song".[32]
Queen's twenty-one-minute performance, which began at 6:41 pm, was voted the greatest live performance in the history of rock in a 2005 industry poll of more than 60 artists, journalists and music industry executives.[33][34]Freddie Mercury at times led the crowd in unison refrains,[35] and his sustained note – "Aaaaaay-o" – during thea cappella section came to be known as "The Note Heard Round the World".[36][37] The band's six-song set opened with a shortened version of "Bohemian Rhapsody" and closed with "We Are the Champions".[3][38][39] According to the BBC's presenterDavid Hepworth, their performance produced "the greatest display of community singing the old stadium had seen and cemented Queen's position as the most-loved British group since the Beatles".[40] Later in the evening, Mercury and guitaristBrian May performed the first song of the three-part Wembley event finale, "Is This the World We Created...?"[39]
Other well-received performances on the day included those byU2 andDavid Bowie. BothThe Guardian andRolling Stone have cited Live Aid as the event that made stars of U2.[41][42] The band played a 12-minute rendition of "Bad". The length of "Bad" limited them to two songs; a third, "Pride (In the Name of Love)", had to be dropped. During "Bad", vocalistBono jumped off the stage to join the crowd and dance with a teenage girl. In July 2005, the woman said that he had saved her life. She was being crushed by people pushing forward; Bono saw this and gestured frantically at the ushers to help her. They did not understand what he was saying, and so he jumped down to help her himself.[42]Rolling Stone described David Bowie's performance as "arguably Bowie's last triumph of the 1980s", observing that "as approximately two billion people sang along to 'Heroes' [...], he still seemed like one of the biggest and most vital rock stars in the world".[43] According toUltimate Classic Rock,Phil Collins also "performed an especially crowd-pleasing selection of songs",[25] andJohn Illsley ofDire Straits recalled: "It was a very special feeling to be part of something so unique. Live Aid was a unique privilege for all of us. It's become a fabulous memory."[44]
"One afternoon before the concert, Bowie was up in the office and we started looking through some videos of news footage, and we watched theCBC piece [footage from theEthiopian famine, cut to the Cars' song "Drive"]. Everyone just stopped. Bowie said: 'You've got to put that in the show; it's the most dramatic thing I've ever seen.' That was probably one of the most evocative things in the whole show and really got the money rolling in."
Thetransatlantic broadcast from Wembley suffered technical problems and failed duringthe Who's performance of their opening song "My Generation", immediately afterRoger Daltrey sang "Why don't you all fade ..." (the last word "away" was cut off when a blown fuse caused the Wembley stage television feed temporarily to fail).[3] The broadcast returned as the last verse of "Pinball Wizard" was played.John Entwistle's bass would not work at the start, causing an awkward delay of more than a minute before they could start playing. The band played withKenney Jones on drums, and it was their first performance since disbanding after a 1982 "farewell" tour. The Who's performance was described as "rough but right" byRolling Stone, but they would not perform together again for another three years.[45] At 32 minutesElton John had the longest set on the day;[46] his setlist included the first performance of "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" withGeorge Michael.[47]
While performing "Let It Be" near the end of the Wembley show, the microphone mounted toPaul McCartney's piano failed for the first two minutes of the song, making it difficult for television viewers and the stadium audience to hear him.[3] During this performance, the television audience were better off, audio-wise, than the stadium audience, as the television sound was picked up from other microphones near McCartney. The stadium audience, who could obviously not hear the electronic sound feed from these mics unless they had portable television sets and radios, drowned out what little sound from McCartney could be heard during this part of his performance. As a result, organiser and performer Bob Geldof, accompanied by earlier performers David Bowie,Alison Moyet andPete Townshend, returned to the stage to sing with him and back him up (as did the stadium audience despite not being able to hear much), by which time McCartney's microphone had been repaired.[48]
At the conclusion of the Wembley performances, Geldof was raised onto the shoulders of the Who's guitarist Pete Townshend and Paul McCartney.[49] Geldof stated that he had not slept "in weeks" in the lead-up to the concert, and when asked what his plans were post-Live Aid, he told an interviewer: "I'm going to go home and sleep."[50]
The Wembley speaker system was provided by Hill Pro Audio. It consisted primarily of the Hill J-Series Mixing Consoles and Hill M3 Speaker System powered by the Hill 3000 amplifiers.[51] In an interview with Studio Sound in December 1985,Malcolm Hill described the concept for the system in detail.[52]
ActorJack Nicholson hosted the televised portion of thePhiladelphia concert. The opening artistJoan Baez announced to the crowd: "This is yourWoodstock, and it's long overdue," before leading the crowd in singing "Amazing Grace" and "We Are the World".[53]
Despite the 95 °F (35 °C) ambient temperature,Madonna proclaimed "I ain't taking shit off today!" during her set, referring to the recent release of early nude photos of her inPlayboy andPenthouse magazines.[54]
During his opening number, "American Girl",Tom Petty flipped themiddle finger to somebody off stage about one minute into the song.[citation needed] Petty stated the song was a last-minute addition when the band realised that they would be the first act to play the American side of the concert after the London finale and "since this is, after all, JFK Stadium".[55]
WhenBob Dylan broke a guitar string while playing with the Rolling Stones membersKeith Richards andRonnie Wood, Wood took off his guitar and gave it to Dylan. Wood was left standing on stage guitarless. After shrugging to the audience, he playedair guitar, even mimickingthe Who'sPete Townshend by swinging his arm in wide circles until a stagehand brought him a replacement. The performance was included in the DVD, including the guitar switch and Wood talking to stagehands, but much of the footage used was close-ups of either Dylan or Richards.
During their duet on the reprise of "It's Only Rock 'n' Roll",Mick Jagger ripped away part ofTina Turner's dress, leaving her to finish the song in what was, effectively, aleotard.[56]
The JFK portion included reunions ofCrosby, Stills, Nash & Young, the originalBlack Sabbath withOzzy Osbourne, theBeach Boys withBrian Wilson, and surviving members ofLed Zeppelin, with Phil Collins andthe Power Station (and formerChic) memberTony Thompson sharing duties on drums in place of the band's late drummerJohn Bonham (although they were not officially announced by their group name from the stage but were announced as Led Zeppelin on theVH1 10th Anniversary re-broadcast in 1995).[57]
Teddy Pendergrass made his first public appearance since his near-fatal car accident in 1982, which paralysed him. Pendergrass, alongsideAshford & Simpson, performed "Reach Out and Touch".[58]Bryan Adams, who came on afterJudas Priest, recalled: "It was bedlam backstage", before performing a four-song set, including "Summer of '69".[19]
Duran Duran performed a four-song set, which was the final time the five original band members publicly performed together until 2003. Their set saw a weak, off-key falsetto note hit by frontmanSimon Le Bon during "A View to a Kill". The error was dubbed "The Bum Note Heard Round the World" by various media outlets,[34][59] in contrast to Freddie Mercury's "Note Heard Round the World" at Wembley.[34] Le Bon later recalled it was the most embarrassing moment of his career.[59]
The UK television feed from Philadelphia was dogged by intermittent buzzing on the sound during Bryan Adams' turn on stage. This continued less frequently throughout the rest of the UK reception of the American concert, and the audio and video feed failed entirely during that performance and duringSimple Minds' performance.
Phil Collins, who had performed in London earlier in the day, began his solo set, quipping: "I was in England this afternoon. Funny old world, innit?" to cheers from the Philadelphia crowd.[25] Collins played the drums duringEric Clapton's 17-minute set, which included well-received performances of "Layla" and "White Room".[60]
Throughout the concerts, viewers were urged to donate money to the Live Aid cause. The BBC operated three hundred phone lines so that members of the public could make donations using their credit cards. The phone number and an address to which viewers could send cheques were repeated every twenty minutes.
Nearly seven hours into the concert in London, Bob Geldof enquired how much money had been raised so far; he was told about £1.2 million. He is said to have been sorely disappointed by the amount and marched to the BBC commentary position. Pumped up further by a performance by Queen, which he later called "absolutely amazing", Geldof gave an interview in which BBC presenterDavid Hepworth had attempted to provide a postal address to which potential donations could be sent; Geldof interrupted him in mid-flow and shouted "fuck the address, let's get the numbers!" Although the phrase "give us your fuckin' money!" has passed into folklore, Geldof has said that it was never uttered.[61]Private Eye magazine made great humorous capital out of this outburst, emphasising Geldof's Irish accent, which meant the profanities were heard as "fock" or "focking". After the outburst, donations increased to £300 per second.[62]
Later in the evening, following David Bowie's set, a video shot by theCanadian Broadcasting Corporation was shown to the audiences in London and Philadelphia, as well as on televisions around the world (though neither US feed showed the film), showing starving and diseased Ethiopian children set to "Drive" bythe Cars (this would also be shown at the London Live 8 concert in 2005).[63] The rate of donations became faster in the aftermath of the video. Geldof had previously refused to allow the video to be shown due to time constraints and had only relented when Bowie offered to drop the song "Five Years" from his set as a trade-off.[64]
Geldof mentioned during the concert that the Republic of Ireland gave the most donations per capita, despite being in the midst of a serious economic recession. The largest donation came fromMohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, then the son of the ruler of Dubai, who donated £1m in a phone conversation with Geldof. The next day, news reports stated that between £40 and £50 million had been raised. It is now estimated that around £150 million in total has been raised for famine relief as a direct result of the concerts.
Bob Dylan's performance generated controversy. Prior to performing "When the Ship Comes In," he said: "I hope that some of the money that's raised for the people in Africa, maybe they can just take a little bit of it, maybe one or two million, maybe, and use it, say, to pay the mortgages on some of the farms that the farmers here owe to the banks."[3] He is often misquoted, as on theFarm Aid website,[65] as saying: "Wouldn't it be great if we did something for our own farmers right here in America?" In his autobiography,Is That It? (published in 1986), Geldof was critical of the remark, saying: "He displayed a complete lack of understanding of the issues raised by Live Aid. ... Live Aid was about people losing their lives. There is a radical difference between losing your livelihood and losing your life. It did instigate Farm Aid, which was a good thing in itself, but it was a crass, stupid, and nationalistic thing to say."[66] Although Dylan's comments were criticised, his remark inspired fellow musiciansWillie Nelson,Neil Young andJohn Mellencamp to organise theFarm Aid charity, which held its first concert in September 1985.[67][68] The concert raised more than $9 million for America'sfamily farmers and became an annual event.[69]
Geldof was not happy aboutthe Hooters being added as the opening band in Philadelphia. He felt pressured into it by Bill Graham and local promoter Larry Magid. Magid, promoting the concert throughElectric Factory Concerts, argued that the band was popular in Philadelphia; their first major label albumNervous Night had been released almost three months earlier and had been a hit. In an interview forRolling Stone, Geldof asked: "Who the fuck are the Hooters?"[70] In December 2004, Geldof appeared on a bill with the Hooters in Germany astheir opening act.[70]
Adam Ant subsequently criticised the event and expressed regrets about playing it, saying: "I was asked by Sir Bob [sic] to promote this concert. They had no idea they could sell it out. Then, in Bob's book, he said: 'Adam was over the hill, so I let him have one number.' ... Doing that show was the biggest fucking mistake in the world.Knighthoods were made,Bono got it made, and it was a waste of fucking time. It was the end of rock 'n' roll."[71] Geldof stated in his autobiography thatMiles Copeland, manager of Adam Ant andSting, asked Geldof if he had thought of asking Ant after Geldof contacted him to get Sting to appear: "I hadn't. I thought he was a bit passé. But then, so werethe Boomtown Rats, and each represented a certain piece of pop history, so I agreed. I also thought that might entice him to encourage Sting, or perhaps all three ofthe Police."[72]
BBC coverage co-hostAndy Kershaw was heavily critical of the event in his autobiographyNo Off Switch, stating: "Musically, Live Aid was to be entirely predictable and boring. As they were wheeled out – or rather bullied by Geldof into playing – it became clear that this was another parade of the same old rock aristocracy in a concert for Africa, organised by someone who, while advertising his concern for and sympathy with the continent, didn't see fit to celebrate or dignify the place by including on the Live Aid bill a single African performer." Kershaw also described the event as "irritating, shallow, sanctimonious and self-satisfied" for failing to confront the fundamental causes of the famine and being "smug in its assumption that a bunch of largely lamentable rock and pop floozies was capable of making a difference, without tackling simultaneously underlying problems".[73]
In 2024, Geldof rejected the charge that organising the concerts meant that he was awhite saviour, calling the accusation "the greatest load of bollocks ever".[74]
"I thought it was just going to be low-key and we'd all get together and have a play. But something happened between that conversation and the day – it became a Led Zeppelin reunion."
Led Zeppelin performed for the first time since the death of their drummerJohn Bonham in 1980. Two drummers filled in for Bonham:Phil Collins, who had played on singerRobert Plant's first two solo albums, andTony Thompson. The performance was criticised for Plant's hoarse vocals,Jimmy Page's intoxication and out-of-tuneGibson Les Paul guitar (hisGibson EDS-1275 guitar was in tune), a lack of rehearsal, and poorly functioning monitors. Plant described the performance as "a fucking atrocity for us ... It made us look like loonies."[76]
Page later criticised Collins' performance, saying: "Robert told me Phil Collins wanted to play with us. I told him that was all right if he knows the numbers. But at the end of the day, he didn't know anything. We played 'Whole Lotta Love', and he was just there bashing away cluelessly and grinning. I thought that was really a joke."[77] Collins responded: "It wasn't my fault it was crap... If I could have walked off, I would have. But then we'd all be talking about why Phil Collins walked off Live Aid – so I just stuck it out... I turned up and I was a square peg in a round hole. Robert was happy to see me, but Jimmy wasn't."[75]
Led Zeppelin has blocked broadcasts of the performance and withheld permission for it to be included on the DVD release.[78]Philadelphia named it "one of the worst rock-and-roll reunions of all time", with Victor Fiorillo writing: "I'd like to be able to blame all of the awfulness on anaemic Phil Collins, who sat in on drums, and Page himself later fingered theGenesis drummer for screwing up the set. But Collins was just the beginning of the bad. Go ahead. Watch and remember. It reallywas that terrible."[79]
In 1986,Spin published an exposé on Live Aid's actions in Ethiopia. It wrote that Geldof deliberately ignored warnings fromMédecins Sans Frontières, who had complained directly to Geldof even before Live Aid, about the role of the Ethiopian government underDerg leaderMengistu Haile Mariam in causing the famine and that by working with Mengistu directly, much of the relief funds intended for victims were in fact siphoned off to purchase arms from theSoviet Union, thereby exacerbating the situation.[80] Geldof responded by deriding both the article and Médecins Sans Frontières, who had been expelled from the country, and reportedly said: "I'll shake hands with the Devil on my left and on my right to get to the people we are meant to help."[80][81]
In 2010, theBBC World Service reported that some aid funds were siphoned off to buy arms for theTigrayan People's Liberation Front,[82] whobattled at the time against the Derg. The BBC did not say that Band Aid funds were involved but played the Band Aid single to introduce the report. Other BBC programmes then repeated the World Service allegation and added an explicit reference to Band Aid. The Band Aid Trust complained to the BBC Editorial Complaints Unit regarding the specific allegations in the BBC World Service documentary, and the later repetitions, and their complaint was upheld.[83] The BBC later issued an apology before every television and radio news bulletin to the Trust and acknowledged there was no evidence money had been diverted,[9] while theBritish Ambassador to Ethiopia at the time,Brian Barder, issued a detailed rebuttal of the BBC claims,[84] making clear that "the diversion of aid related only to the tiny proportion that was supplied by some NGOs to rebel-held areas" and was not an allegation about the bulk of emergency aid to Ethiopia during the famine.[10]
Although a professed admirer of Geldof's generosity and concern, American television commentatorBill O'Reilly was critical of Live Aid's oversight of the use of the funds raised. O'Reilly believed that charity organisations operating in aid-receiving countries should control donations rather than "chaotic nations".[85] Arguing that Live Aid accomplished good ends while inadvertently causing harm at the same time,David Rieff gave a presentation of similar concerns inThe Guardian at the time ofLive 8.[86]
In an interview onNBC'sMeet the Press shortly after O'Reilly's comments, hostTim Russert addressed these concerns toBono. Bono responded that corruption, not disease or famine, was the greatest threat to Africa, agreeing with the belief that foreign relief organisations should decide how the money is spent. On the other hand, Bono said that it was better to spill some funds into nefarious quarters for the sake of those who needed it than to stifle aid because of possible theft.[87]
Times areBritish Summer Time (BST) – UTC+01:00
Presenters:
Times areEastern Daylight Time (EDT) – UTC−04:00
Presenters:
| Time | Location | Performer(s) | Performed song(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13:05 |  Sydney,Australia | Oz for Africa | various (depends on the broadcaster) |
| 13:34 | studio (performers fromJapan) | Loudness | "Gotta Fight" |
| Off Course | "Endless Night" | ||
| Takako Shirai | "Foolish War" | ||
| Eikichi Yazawa | "Take It Time" | ||
| Motoharu Sano | "Shame" | ||
| Meiko Nakahara | "Ro-Ro-Ro-Russian Roulette" | ||
| 14:12 |  Vienna,Austria | Austria für Afrika | "Warum?" |
| 14:40 |  The Hague,Netherlands(from theNorth Sea Jazz Festival) | B.B. King | "When It All Comes Down" "Why I Sing the Blues" "Don't Answer the Door" "Rock Me Baby" |
| 15:10 |  Belgrade,Yugoslavia | YU Rock Misija | "Za milion godina" |
| 15:55 |  Moscow,Soviet Union | Autograph | "Golovokruzhenie" "Nam nuzhen mir" |
| 16:27 |  Cologne,West Germany | Band für Afrika | "Nackt Im Wind" "Ein Jahr (Es geht voran)" |
| 20:44 |  Norway | Stavanger for Africa | "All of Us" |
| Forente Artister | "Sammen for Livet" | ||
| 21:19 | studio | Kool & the Gang | "Stand Up and Sing" "Cherish" |
| 22:11 |  London,United Kingdom | Cliff Richard | "A World of Difference" |
Presenters:
Bruce Springsteen decided not to appear at Live Aid despite his huge global popularity in 1985. Geldof had originally scheduled the event for 6 July but moved the date to the 13th, especially to accommodate Springsteen. Springsteen later expressed regret at turning down Geldof's invitation, stating that he "simply did not realise how big the whole thing was going to be"[88] and regretted not performing an acoustic set.[89] During the MTV broadcast, VJMartha Quinn repeatedly and erroneously claimed that Springsteen would in fact make an appearance.[90]
Michael Jackson declined to appear, as he was working onBad, an album which would not be released until more than two years after the Live Aid concert. His press agent, Norman Winter, released a statement at the time saying that Jackson was "working around the clock in the studio on a project that he's made a major commitment to" and consequently could not free up sufficient time to rehearse and perform at Live Aid. Winter added: "Michael is just about living in the studio, rehearsing and recording. I know what could be more major than Live Aid, but Michael couldn't turn his back on his responsibility to the people he's working with. This affected employment for a lot of people."[91]
Prince also declined to appear in person but sent a pre-taped video of an acoustic version of "4 the Tears in Your Eyes", which was played during the concert in Philadelphia. The original version appears on theWe Are the World album,[92] while the video version was released in 1993 on Prince's compilationThe Hits/The B-Sides.[93]
Culture Club leaderBoy George decided not to take part in the concert. He feared that Culture Club would fail to measure up performing for two billion people, and he disliked what he viewed as self-important posturing on the part of other participants. In his memoirTake It Like a Man he said his band members were angry with him because he had "ruined their chance of a part in history".[94]
Huey Lewis and the News were scheduled to play the Philadelphia leg and were in some of the promotional material but decided on 28 June to pull out over concerns that the money raised by relief efforts thus far had not been reaching those it was intended to help. "It was a very tough decision", Lewis toldRolling Stone. "We felt, having done theUSA for Africa thing, that we should wait and watch that ... The prudent thing to do is to see how that money translates into food for the people before we do another one."Harry Belafonte, who had organised USA for Africa, responded harshly, calling Lewis's scepticism "disruptive and divisive". He had himself recently returned from a trip to Africa to see how the money had so far been spent and suggested that Lewis do the same. "For him to sit back here and send out information based on hearsay is unfair to his colleagues and very unfair to the victims."[95]
Annie Lennox, whose hits as the vocalist ofEurythmics included 1983's "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)", was forced to pull out of performing at Live Aid due to a serious throat infection; she appeared atLive 8 held inHyde Park, London in 2005.[96]
Cliff Richard later stated he had been unable to perform as he was already committed to a gospel charity concert inBirmingham the same day.[97]
A reunitedDeep Purple were also due to appear from Switzerland via satellite, but pulled out after guitaristRitchie Blackmore refused to take part.[98] Deep Purple (minus Blackmore, who left the band in 1993) appeared at Geldof's Live 8 sequel 20 years later, performing at the Toronto leg of the event. Bill Graham is said to have turned downForeigner andYes because there was no free space on the bill for them.[98]
Marillion, riding high in the UK charts that summer with theirMisplaced Childhood album and "Kayleigh" single, missed out on an invitation to perform at Wembley because their manager had deemed it not worthwhile for singerFish to participate in the "Do They Know It's Christmas?" single. Fish was quoted: "When it came to the bill for the concert, we were passed over."[99]
UB40 lead singerAli Campbell admitted that his band was also ignored by Geldof while planning the list of musical acts of the British leg of the event: "We weren't asked to do Live Aid because Uncle Bob didn't like our music much. It was a great gig, but I thought it was a bit dodgy not having any black acts on the bill when it was raising money for Africa."[100]
Madness were invited, but they declined as they were busy recording songs for their upcoming albumMad Not Mad, according to guitaristChris Foreman.[101] They were also in a period of heavy turmoil after falling out withStiff Records and losing their keyboardistMike Barson, and were considering splitting up at the time. As secondary vocalistCarl Smyth put it in 2002, "They were going, ‘Come and do Live Aid, it’ll be really good for you. It’s gonna be televised everywhere.’ And we said, ‘Sorry mate, we’re splitting up because we’re not happy.’ Which was probably a mistake, in retrospect, but we certainly had our ideals in those days."[102]
Thin Lizzy had broken up two years before Live Aid, with lead singerPhil Lynott's last years heavily affected by heroin and alcohol addictions, dying less than six months after Live Aid from complications associated with his addictions. Despite this, keyboard playerDarren Wharton, in a 2011 interview, expressed anger about the band not being asked to perform, believing that Geldof taking a risk and inviting the band to reunite might have helped Lynott overcome his addictions, and also regain his full performance readiness, within the few months between an invite and the concert date.[103][104]
"I tried to pitch into Live Aid," recalledRoger Waters. "They asked me to putPink Floyd back together for it, and I said no, but I'd bring my new band to play. They didn't want that. But that's alright. I went along on my own."[105] Waters appeared backstage at the Wembley Stadium leg of Live Aid (where he was interviewed), and the classic Pink Floyd lineup reunited for the follow-up to Live Aid,Live 8, in 2005.[106]
Neil Peart, drummer of Canadian rock bandRush, said: "Geddy was involved with theNorthern Lights charity record here in Canada, although Rush wasn't invited to participate in the Live Aid event – mainly because if you look at the guest list, it was very much an 'in-crowd' situation. We were 'out' by then. We didn't refuse to take part because of any principles. Mind you, I wouldn't have been happy being part of this scenario. Those stars should have shut up and just given over their money if they were genuine. I recall thatTears for Fears, who made a musical and artistic decision to pull out of the concert, were subsequently accused by Geldof of killing children in Africa – what a shockingly irresponsible and stupid attitude to take. But I have nothing bad whatsoever to say about Bob Geldof; he sacrificed his health, his career, [and] everything for something he believed in. But others around him got involved for their own reasons. Some of those involved inNorthern Lights were actually quoted as saying that their managers told them to get down to the recording sessions because it would be a good career move!"[107]
| Country | Broadcaster | Channel(s) | Time | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | ABC | ABC-3 | (July 13) 20:55 until end | [108] |
| Austria | ORF | FS2 | (July 13) 12:45CET until end | [109] |
 Belgium | RTBF | Télé 2 | [110][111] | |
| BRT | BRT TV2 | |||
 Canada | CHUM | MuchMusic | (July 13) 07:00 until end | [112][113] |
| CTV | (July 13) 20:00 – 23:00 | |||
 Denmark | DR | DR TV | (July 13) 13:00CET – 17:53, 22:34 until end (July 14) 14:00 – 16:00 | [114][115] |
 France | Antenne 2 | (July 13) 22:10 until end | [109][116][110] | |
 Hong Kong | TVB | TVB Pearl | (July 13) 19:15 – (July 14) 10:00 | [117][118] |
 Iceland | RÚV | Sjónvarpið | (July 13) 22:45 until end | [119] |
 Ireland | RTÉ | RTÉ 1 | (July 13) 11:45 until end | |
 Italy | RAI | Rai Tre | (July 13) circa 13:00CET – 19:25, 23:15 until end (July 14) circa 14:00 – 18:00 | [120][121] |
| Japan | FNN | Fuji Television | (July 13) 20:00JST – until end | |
| Kansai Television | ||||
| NNN | Nippon Television | |||
| Yomiuri Television | ||||
| Netherlands | NOS/VARA | Nederland 1 | (July 13) 12:50CET – until end.[a] | [122][123][111] |
 Netherlands Antilles | TeleCuraçao | [124] | ||
 New Zealand | TVNZ | TV2 | (July 13) 23:00 until end | [125] |
| Norway | NRK | NRK Fjernsynet | (July 13) 12:50CET – 17:05, 24:00 until end (July 14) 12:00 – 18:30CET | [126] |
 Portugal | RTP | RTP1 | (July 13) 17:05 – 18:45, 22:30 until end (July 14) 11:50 – 15:25 | [127] |
 Puerto Rico | TeleOro Canal 13 | (July 13) 07:00 until end | [128] | |
 South Korea | MBC | MBC | (July 13) 20:00KST – until end | [129] |
 Spain | RTVE | TVE 1 | (July 13) 14:15 – 15:00, 21:35 – 22:00 (July 14) 14:00 – 15:00 | [130][131][132][133][134] |
| TVE 2 | (July 13) 19:10 – 20:25 (July 14) 21:35 – 22:35 (July 15) 00:10 – 00:40 | |||
 Switzerland | SRG SSR | TV DRS 2 | (July 13) 13:00CET until end | [109][116][135] |
| TSR | (July 13) 13:00CET – 18:45 (July 14) 12:05 – 14:45 | |||
| Radio DRS 3 | (July 13) 13:00CET until end | |||
| Couleur 3 | ||||
| United Kingdom | BBC | BBC2 | (July 13) 11:50 – 22:00 | [122][111] |
| BBC1 | (July 13) 22:00 until end | |||
| Radio One | (July 13) 11:50 until end | |||
| BFBS | BFBS 1 | (July 13) 23:00 – 01:00 | ||
 United States | ABC | (July 13) 07:00 until end | ||
| MTV | ||||
| West Germany | ARD | BR | (July 13) 12:30CET until end | [109][122][123][111][136] |
| HR | ||||
| NDR | ||||
| RB | ||||
| SDR | ||||
| SFB | ||||
| SR | ||||
| SWF | ||||
| WDR | ||||
| Yugoslavia | JRT | TV Beograd 2 | (July 13) 12:50CET until end | [137][138] |
| TV Ljubljana 1 | ||||
| TV Ljubljana 2 | ||||
| TV Pristina | ||||
| TV Sarajevo 2 | ||||
| TV Skopje 2 | ||||
| TV Titograd 2 | ||||
| TV Zagreb 2 | ||||
When organiser Bob Geldof was persuading artists to take part in the concert, he promised them that it would be a one-off event, never to be seen again. Hence, the concert was never recorded in its complete original form, and only secondary television broadcasts were recorded. Following Geldof's request, ABC erased its own broadcast tapes.[139] However, before the syndicated/ABC footage was erased, copies of it were donated to theSmithsonian Institution and have now been presumed lost. The ABC feed of the USA for Africa/"We Are The World" finale does exist in its entirety, complete with the network end credits, and can be found as a supplemental feature on theWe Are The World: The Story Behind The Song DVD.
Meanwhile, MTV decided to keep recordings of its broadcast and eventually located more than 100 tapes of Live Aid in its archives, but many songs in these tapes were cut short by MTV's ad breaks and presenters (according to the BBC).[140] Many performances from the US were not shown on the BBC, and recordings of these performances are missing. There were four separate Audio Trucks in Philadelphia provided by David Hewitt of Remote Recording Services. ABC had taken the decision that no multi track tape recordings would be allowed, so no remixing of the Philadelphia show was possible.
An official four-disc DVD set of the Live Aid concerts was released on 8 November 2004. Apremiere to launch the new DVD was held on 7 November and shown inDTS surround sound featuring a short compilation of the four-disc set. The screening was held at theOdeon Cinema inKensington, London and included guests such asBrian May,Anita Dobson,Roger Taylor, Bob Geldof and partner Jean Marie, Annie Lennox, Midge Ure,Michael Buerk,Gary Kemp andThe Darkness.[141] Other theatrical premieres were held inZürich, Milan,Rome, Vienna, Hamburg andBerlin.[142] A 52-minute compilation was later released as a limited edition DVD in July 2005 titled20 Years Ago Today: Live Aid.[143] The box set contains 10-hour partial footage of the 16-hour length concert. The DVD was produced by Geldof's company, Woodcharm Ltd., and distributed byWarner Music Vision. The DVD has since beenout of print and is no longer available in stores. The decision to finally release it was taken by Bob Geldof nearly 20 years after the original concerts after he found a number of unlicensed copies of the concert on the Internet.[144]
The most complete footage that exists is used from theBBC source, and this was the main source of the DVD. During production of the official DVD,MTV lent Woodcharm Ltd. their B-roll and alternate camera footage where MTV provided extra footage of the Philadelphia concert (where ABC had erased the tapes from the command of Bob Geldof). Songs that were not originally interrupted with advertisements were also used on the official DVD.
Working from the BBC and MTV footage, several degrees of dramatic licence were taken to release the concert on DVD. Many songs had their soundtracks altered for the DVD release, mainly in sequences where there were originally microphone problems. In one of those instances, Paul McCartney had re-recorded his failed vocals for "Let It Be" in a studio the day after the concert (14 July 1985). Beatles' biographer Keith Badman explains: "because of what happened, he decided to re-record his vocals for any future film of the concert. That's the version you'll hear when the DVD comes out."[145] Also, in the US finale, the original USA for Africa studio track for "We Are the World" was overlaid in places where the microphone was absent (consequently, it includes the vocals ofKenny Rogers andJames Ingram, two artists who did not even take part in Live Aid).
Some artists did not want their performances to be featured on the DVD. At their own request,Led Zeppelin andSantana were omitted. The former defended their decision not to be included on the grounds that their performance was "sub-standard", but to lend their support,Jimmy Page andRobert Plant pledged to donate proceeds from the DVD release ofPage & Plant: No Quarter to the campaign, andJohn Paul Jones pledged proceeds from his American tour withMutual Admiration Society.[146]
Judicious decisions were also made on which acts would be included and which ones would not due to either technical difficulties in the original performances, the absence of original footage, or music rights reasons.Rick Springfield,the Four Tops,the Hooters,the Power Station,Billy Ocean andKool and the Gang were among those acts that were left off the DVD. Several artists who did feature on the DVD also had songs that were performed omitted.Madonna performed three solo songs in the concert, but only two were included on the DVD ("Love Makes the World Go Round" was omitted). Phil Collins played "Against All Odds" and "In the Air Tonight" at both Wembley and JFK, but only the London performance of the former and the Philadelphia performance of the latter were included on the DVD. The JFK performance of "Against All Odds" was later included in Collins'Finally ... The First Farewell Tour DVD.Tom Petty performed four songs, and only two were included on DVD. Patti LaBelle played six songs, but only two songs were included.
In 2007,Queen released a special edition ofQueen Rock Montreal onBlu-ray and DVD formats containing their 1981 concert fromThe Forum in Montreal, Canada, and their complete Live Aid performance, alongside Freddie Mercury and Brian May performing "Is This the World We Created...?" from the UK Live Aid finale, all re-mixed in DTS 5.1 sound by Justin Shirley-Smith. Also included is their Live Aid rehearsal and an interview with the band from earlier in the week.
On its release, the then BritishChancellor of the Exchequer,Gordon Brown, decided theVAT collected on sales of the Live Aid DVD would be given back to the charity, which would raise an extra £5 for every DVD sold.[147]
On 14 November 2004, the DVD entered the UK OfficialMusic Video Chart at number one and stayed in the top position for twelve consecutive weeks.[148]
| Charts (2004) | Peak position | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Dutch Music DVDs Chart | 2 | [149] |
| Spanish Music DVD Chart (Promusicae) | 8 | [150] |
| UK Music Video Chart (OCC) | 1 | [148] |
| US Top Music Video (Billboard) | 2 | [151] |
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
|---|---|---|
| Australia (ARIA)[152] | 2× Platinum | 30,000^ |
| Austria (IFPI Austria)[153] | Gold | 5,000* |
| Canada (Music Canada)[154] | 2× Diamond | 200,000^ |
| France (SNEP)[155] | Platinum | 15,000* |
| Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[156] | Platinum | 6,000^ |
| United Kingdom (BPI)[157] | 6× Platinum | 300,000* |
| United Kingdom (BPI)[158] 20 Years Ago Todayversion | Gold | 25,000* |
| United States (RIAA)[159] | 10× Platinum | 1,000,000^ |
* Sales figures based on certification alone. | ||
An audio copy of Live Aid was officially released by theBand Aid Trust label on 7 September 2018 on digital download. When first released in 2018, theQueen performance was excluded. The band's set was, however, later included as a part of the digital download in May 2019. It has a total of ninety-three audio tracks.[160]
On 12 September 2018, YouTube launched the Official Live Aid channel with a total of 87 videos from the Live Aid 1985 concert. According to the channel, all earnings from viewings go to the Band Aid Trust.[161] As with the digital download release, a few notable performances are not included for unknown reasons, although Queen's set was uploaded to the channel with its inclusion on the digital download.
Because the Live Aid broadcast was watched by 1.5 billion people,[162] most of the footage was recorded on home consumer video recorders all around the world, in various qualities. Many of these recordings were in mono because, in the mid-1980s, most home video machines could record only mono sound and also because the EuropeanBBC TV broadcast was in mono. The US MTV broadcast, theABC Radio Network andBBC Radio 1 simulcasts were stereo. These recordings circulated among collectors and, in recent years, have also appeared on the Internet infile sharing networks.
Since the official DVD release of Live Aid includes only partial footage of this event, unofficial distribution sources continue to be the only source of the most complete recordings. The official DVD is the only authorised video release in which proceeds go directly to famine relief, the cause that the concert was originally intended to help.
"Everyone has a common experience of it, everyone remembers where they were and what they felt about it. It's one of those little pegs that you hang all your other memories on."
Live Aid eventually raised $127 million ($370 million in 2024 terms) in famine relief for African nations, and the publicity it generated encouraged Western nations to make available enough surplus grain to end the immediate hunger crisis in Africa.[164] According to one aid worker, a larger impact than the money raised for the Ethiopian famine is that "humanitarian concern is now at the centre of foreign policy" for the west.[5]
Regarding Buerk's landmarkBBC News report as a watershed moment in crisis reporting that influenced modern coverage – one that was broadcast in its entirety with Buerk's narration on a major US channel – Suzanne Franks inThe Guardian states: "the nexus of politics, media and aid are influenced by the coverage of a famine 30 years ago."[15]
Many artists and performers at Live Aid gained prominence and positive commercial influence. For all the cultural, charitable, and technological significance of 1985's Live Aid, its most immediate impact was on the charts. In the UK, for example,No Jacket Required by Phil Collins and Madonna'sLike a Virgin leapt back into the top ten. Queen's three-year-oldGreatest Hits rose fifty-five places into the top twenty, followed by Freddie Mercury'sMr. Bad Guy. Every U2 album available at the time also returned to the chart.[165] In 1986, Geldof received an honorary knighthood from QueenElizabeth II for his efforts.[164]Claire Bertschinger, the nurse who featured in Buerk's news reports that sparked the aid relief movement, received theFlorence Nightingale Medal in 1991 for her work in nursing and was made aDame by Queen Elizabeth II in 2010 for "services to Nursing and to International Humanitarian Aid".[166]
Queen's performance at Live Aid was later recreated in the band's biographical filmBohemian Rhapsody in 2018.[167] Footage from the original performance can be seen to match very accurately with the movie performance.[167] In 2020,Queen + Adam Lambert reprised the original Queen setlist from Live Aid for theFire Fight Australia charity concert in Sydney, Australia.[168]
The background to the staging of the concert as a whole was dramatised in the 2010 television dramaWhen Harvey Met Bob.[169]
In November 2023, Geldof stated that a six-part miniseries about Live Aid was being produced byDisney as well as anIMAX-format theatrical documentary from Geldof himself.[170]
A jukebox musical based on the day,Just for One Day (named after a line in Bowie's song "Heroes", which he performed at the event), had its world premiere atThe Old Vic in London in February 2024.[171][172]
In August 2024, opening forTaylor Swift'sEras Tour at Wembley Stadium,Hayley Williams, lead vocalist ofParamore, tributed Freddie Mercury's Live Aid performance. Wearing an outfit compared to the one Mercury wore, Williams led the audience in unison refrains, similar to Mercury's during Queen's set, while the other band members took a break.[173]
In 2025, a four part documentary film series was released titledLive Aid: When Rock 'n' Roll Took on the World.[174]
The [Duran] Duran set was memorable for Simon Le Bon's off-key falsetto note that he hit during 'A View to a Kill', a blunder that echoed throughout the media as 'The Bum Note Heard Round the World'. The singer later said it was the most embarrassing moment of his career.
… calling from the Mohegan Sun Casinos, where the band recently performed…
… 03/26/2011 Uncasville, CT. Mohegan Sun Casino Wolf's Den | 03/27/2011 Sayreville, NJ. Starland Ballroom…
