LiveCode

Developer(s)	LiveCode Ltd.
Initial release	July 11, 2001; 23 years ago (2001-07-11)
Stable release	9.6.4 / August 31, 2021; 3 years ago (2021-08-31)[1]
Preview release	9.6.5RC2 / October 25, 2021; 3 years ago (2021-10-25)[1]
Repository	github.com/livecode/livecode
Operating system	macOS,Windows,Linux,Unix,Android,iOS,HTML5
Type	Programming
License	GPL (until version 9.6.3),[2]Proprietary
Website	livecode.orglivecode.com

LiveCode Script

Paradigm	Object-oriented
Family	scripting language
Developer	LiveCode, Ltd
First appeared	1993 (1993)
Platform	i386, AMD64, ARM
OS	Windows,macOS,Linux,Unix,Raspberry Pi
License	Proprietary,GPL
Website	livecode.com
Influenced by
HyperTalk

LiveCode (formerlyRevolution and MetaCard^[3]) is across-platform^[4]rapid application developmentruntime system inspired byHyperCard. It features theLiveCode Script (formerly MetaTalk) programming language which belongs to the family ofxTalk scripting languages likeHyperCard'sHyperTalk.^[5][6]

The environment was introduced in 2001.^[7] The "Revolution" development system was based on theMetaCard engine technology which Runtime Revolution later acquired from MetaCard Corporation in 2003.^[8][9] The platform won the Macworld Annual Editor's Choice Award for "Best Development Software" in 2004.^[10] "Revolution" was renamed "LiveCode" in the fall of 2010. "LiveCode" is developed and sold by Runtime Revolution Ltd., based in Edinburgh, Scotland. In March 2015, the company was renamed "LiveCode Ltd.", to unify the company name with the product. In April 2013, a free/open source version 'LiveCode Community Edition 6.0' was published after a successfulcrowdfunding campaign atKickstarter.^[11] The code base was re-licensed and made available asfree and open source software with a version in April 2013.

LiveCode runs oniOS,Android,OS X,Windows 95 throughWindows 10,Raspberry Pi and several variations of Unix, including Linux, Solaris, and BSD. It can be used for mobile, desktop and server/CGI applications. The iOS (iPhone and iPad) version was released in December 2010.^[12][13] The first version to deploy to the Web was released in 2009.^[14] It is the most widely used HyperCard/HyperTalk clone,^{[citation needed]} and the only one that runs on all major operating systems.

A developer release of v.8 was announced in New York on March 12, 2015. This major enhancement to the product includes a new, separate development language, known as "LiveCode Builder", which is capable of creating new object classes called "widgets". In earlier versions, the set of object classes was fixed, and could be enhanced only via the use of ordinary procedural languages such as C. The new language, which runs in its ownIDE, is a departure from the transitional x-talk paradigm in that it permits typing of variables. But the two environments are fully integrated, and apart from the ability to create new objects, development in LiveCode proceeds in the normal way, within the established IDE.

A secondcrowdfunding campaign to Bring HTML5 to LiveCode reached funding goals of nearly US$400,000 on July 31, 2014. LiveCode developer release 8.0 DP4 (August 31, 2015) was the first to include a standalone deployment option toHTML5.

On 31 August 2021, starting with version 9.6.4, LiveCode Community edition, licensed underGPL, was discontinued.^[2]

The LiveCode software creates applications that run in many supported environments, using a compile-free workflow. The same computer code in LiveCode can play across multiple devices and platforms. LiveCode uses a high level, English-like programming language called Transcript that is dynamically typed. Transcript and compile-free workflow generates code that is self-documenting and easy for casual programmers to comprehend. For example, if the following script was executed when the system clock was at 9:00:00 AM:

repeattentimesput"Hello world at"&&thelongtime&returnafterfield1wait1secondendrepeat

Ten lines will be loaded into the first text field. (denoted as "field 1"), and seen as:

Hello world at 9:00:00 AMHello world at 9:00:01 AMHello world at 9:00:02 AM...

Notes:

• repeat (and the associatedend repeat) is a control structure, illustrated here in just one of its various forms.
• put is a command
• "Hello World at" is a literal
• the long time is a function that calls the system time
• return is a constant equal to ASCII character 10 (linefeed)
• after is a keyword that is involved with a system known as "chunking", ahallmark of xTalk languages.
• field 1 is an object reference, here denoted by the layer number of a text field. Almost all standard object classes are supported, and may be referred to in several, highly-intuitive ways.

LiveCode's natural English-like syntax is easy for beginners to learn. Variables are typeless, and are typed at compile time based purely on context. This makes the language simple to read and maintain, with relatively minimal loss of speed. The language contains advanced features includingassociative arrays,^[15]regular expressions, multimedia, support for a variety ofSQL databases, andTCP/IP libraries. The LiveCode engine supports several common image formats (including BMP, PNG, GIF, and JPEG,), anti-aliased vector graphics, HTML-style text hyperlinks, chained behaviors and embedded web browsers. Accessing these higher-level functions is designed to be straightforward.

• To load the source code of a web page into a variable takes one line of code:

puturl"http://www.wikipedia.com"intoMyVariable

• Uploading a file to an FTP server uses similar syntax:

puturl"binfile:picture.jpg"intourl"ftp://john:passwd@ftp.example.net:2121/picture.jpg"

LiveCode has around 2,950 built-in language terms and keywords, which may be extended by external libraries written in C and other lower level languages.^[16][17]

LiveCode project files are binary-compatible across platforms. They inherit each platform's look-and-feel and behaviors. Buttons, scroll bars, progress bars and menus behave as expected on the target platform without any intervention on the part of the one authoring a LiveCode application.

Compiling a LiveCode "standalone" produces a single, executable file (minimum size ~1.5MB) for each platform targeted. There is no separate runtime necessary.

The Wikipedia article onHyperCard contains a more detailed discussion about the basics of a similar development environment and scripting language. Modern LiveCode is a vast superset of the formerHyperCard yet retains its simplicity. LiveCode includes a number of features missing from the original HyperCard program, including multiple platform deployment, communication with external devices and many fundamental language extensions. The LiveCode toolkit, as compared to HyperCard, has the ability to access internet-based text and media resources, which allows the creation of internet-enabled desktop applications.^[18]

iOS and Android targets are available in some versions.

Note: Complete Linux requirements for 4.5.x-6.x are the following:

• 32-bit installation, or a 64-bit linux distribution that has a 32-bit compatibility layer
• 2.4.x or later kernel
• X11R5 capable Xserver running locally on a 24-bit display
• glibc 2.3.2 or later
• gtk/gdk/glib (optional – required for native theme support)
• pango/xft (optional – required for pdf printing, anti-aliased text and unicode font support)
• lcms (optional – required for color profile support in JPEGs and PNGs)
• gksu (optional – required for elevate process support)

• MetaCard, Runtime Revolution acquired the MetaCard technology, on which its development system is based, in 2003.
• HyperCard, Progenitor of all xTalk languages.

• Official website

• Cross-platform software
• Formerly open-source or free software
• Integrated development environments
• Computing platforms
• Programming languages
• Programming languages created in 2001
• 2001 software
• Scripting languages

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