Liuzhou 柳州市 •Liujcouh Si Liuchow | |
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 Clockwise, from top: City center skyline at night,Dongmen ancient city gate,Longtan Park,Temple of Confucius,Chengyang Bridge, and a temple at Horse Saddle Mountain (马鞍山) | |
 Location of Liuzhou City jurisdiction in Guangxi | |
  Liuzhou Location in China | |
| Coordinates (Liuzhou government):24°19′40″N109°25′40″E / 24.32778°N 109.42778°E /24.32778; 109.42778 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Region | Guangxi |
| Municipal seat | Chengzhong District |
| Area | |
| 18,594.2 km2 (7,179.3 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 3,559.4 km2 (1,374.3 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 3,559.4 km2 (1,374.3 sq mi) |
| Population (2023 census[1]) | |
| 4,153,500 | |
| • Density | 220/km2 (580/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 2,519,051 |
| • Urban density | 710/km2 (1,800/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,519,051 |
| • Metro density | 710/km2 (1,800/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 305.7 billion US$ 47.4 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 73,328 US$ 11,366 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-GX |
| Website | www |
| Liuzhou | |||||||
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 "Liuzhou", as written in Chinese | |||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Chinese | 柳州 | ||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | Liǔzhōu | ||||||
| Postal | Liuchow | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Willow [River]Prefecture | ||||||
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| Zhuang name | |||||||
| Zhuang | Liujcouh | ||||||
| 1957 orthography | Liuзcouƅ | ||||||
Liuzhou (/ljuːˈdʒoʊ/;[3]Chinese:柳州, Standard Mandarin:[ljòʊ.ʈʂóʊ], Liuzhou Yue dialect:[liəu53 ʦəu44][4]) is aprefecture-level city in north-centralGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,People's Republic of China. The prefecture's population was 4,153,500 as of 2023 census,[1] including 2,519,051 in the built-up area made of five urban districts. Its total area is 18,594 km2 (7,179 sq mi) and 3,559.4 km2 (1,374.3 sq mi) for the built-up area.
Liuzhou is located on the banks of the windingLiu River, approximately 255 km (158 mi) fromNanning, the regional capital. By road, it is about 167 km (104 mi) toGuilin, 167 km (104 mi) toHechi, 237 km (147 mi) toNanning, 373 km (232 mi) toFangchenggang, 448 km (278 mi) toBeihai.
Swimming in the river is a tradition of the city. The river is normally green, but sometimes in summer, floods from the mountain areas upstream bring sediment which colors the water yellow. In early 2012, a cadmium spill upstream caused serious pollution worries.[5]
The river can be deep. Normally, the depth is 60–70 metres (200–230 ft) but can as deep as 90 metres (300 ft) before it floods over the wall. In 2000 a bus, with 78 passengers, fell over the side of a bridge. There were no survivors.[6]
Liuzhou has ahumid subtropical climate (KöppenCfa/Cwa), with mild winters and long hot summers, and very humid conditions year-round. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 10.5 °C (50.9 °F) in January to 29 °C (84 °F) in August, while extremes have ranged from −3.8 to 42 °C (25 to 108 °F). Rain is both the heaviest and most frequent from May to August, when nearly two-thirds of the annual rainfall occurs.
| Climate data for Liuzhou, elevation 97 m (318 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.8 (82.0) | 34.4 (93.9) | 34.2 (93.6) | 35.6 (96.1) | 36.7 (98.1) | 38.0 (100.4) | 40.1 (104.2) | 42.0 (107.6) | 38.6 (101.5) | 36.0 (96.8) | 33.2 (91.8) | 29.2 (84.6) | 42.0 (107.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 14.2 (57.6) | 16.7 (62.1) | 19.4 (66.9) | 25.5 (77.9) | 29.6 (85.3) | 31.7 (89.1) | 33.4 (92.1) | 33.5 (92.3) | 31.9 (89.4) | 28.1 (82.6) | 22.9 (73.2) | 17.4 (63.3) | 25.4 (77.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.5 (50.9) | 12.9 (55.2) | 15.9 (60.6) | 21.4 (70.5) | 25.3 (77.5) | 27.6 (81.7) | 29.0 (84.2) | 29.0 (84.2) | 27.2 (81.0) | 23.1 (73.6) | 18.1 (64.6) | 12.8 (55.0) | 21.1 (69.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.2 (46.8) | 10.4 (50.7) | 13.4 (56.1) | 18.7 (65.7) | 22.2 (72.0) | 24.9 (76.8) | 26.1 (79.0) | 25.9 (78.6) | 24.0 (75.2) | 20.0 (68.0) | 15.0 (59.0) | 10.0 (50.0) | 18.2 (64.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −3.8 (25.2) | 0.0 (32.0) | 2.3 (36.1) | 6.7 (44.1) | 12.2 (54.0) | 17.7 (63.9) | 20.0 (68.0) | 20.0 (68.0) | 15.0 (59.0) | 8.3 (46.9) | 2.9 (37.2) | −1.1 (30.0) | −3.8 (25.2) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 61.4 (2.42) | 43.7 (1.72) | 101.8 (4.01) | 135.8 (5.35) | 241.0 (9.49) | 330.8 (13.02) | 187.6 (7.39) | 174.5 (6.87) | 81.5 (3.21) | 53.9 (2.12) | 58.5 (2.30) | 47.9 (1.89) | 1,518.4 (59.79) |
| Average precipitation days | 11.7 | 11.7 | 16.8 | 15.9 | 15.7 | 17.2 | 15.0 | 13.1 | 8.3 | 6.0 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 147.2 |
| Average snowy days | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.6 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 72 | 73 | 78 | 76 | 75 | 78 | 74 | 73 | 69 | 66 | 68 | 66 | 72 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 62.7 | 53.5 | 47.8 | 79.1 | 117.1 | 127.3 | 190.6 | 191.8 | 181.2 | 170.4 | 130.0 | 111.1 | 1,462.6 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 19 | 17 | 13 | 21 | 28 | 31 | 46 | 48 | 50 | 48 | 40 | 34 | 33 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[7][8] all-time extreme temperature[9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[10] | |||||||||||||
TheLiujiang men (Chinese:柳江人) are among the earliest modernhumans found inEast Asia. Their remains were discovered in theTongtianyang Cave (通天岩) inLiujiang County, Guangxi.[11] Liujiang man is a Late PleistoceneHomo sapiens sapiens.
Liuzhou has a history of more than 2,100 years. The city was founded in 111 B.C. when it was known asTanzhong (潭中; 'Center of Deep Pool').
In 742 A.D. it became known asLongcheng (龙城; 'Dragon City'), after theLong River, before finally changing to Liuzhou (柳州; 'WillowPrefecture') after theLiu River in 1736.
The most famous historic figure isLiu Zongyuan (773–819), who was a poet and politician in theTang dynasty and who died in Liuzhou. He is commemorated by a park in the city.
Liuzhou was the site ofLiuchow Airfield, used by Nationalist Chinese andAmerican Army Air Forces inWorld War II.[12] (At that time the airfield was closer to the centre, where the zoo is now.) It was captured by theJapanese army on 7 November 1944 during theBattle of Guilin–Liuzhou and recaptured by Nationalist Chinese forces on 30 June 1945 prior to theSecond Guangxi Campaign.[12]
Liuzhou has direct administration over 10 county-level divisions: 5districts, 3counties and 2autonomous counties:
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Liuzhou is the second largest city in Guangxi and is the region's industrial center. According to statistics issued by the Liuzhou government in 2015, the city's GDP was 231.1 billion yuan.[13]
Among important companies based in Liuzhou are:
As with much of Guangxi, the landscape around Liuzhou is a mix of rolling hills, mountain peaks, caves andkarst scenery. It is an ideal base for exploring the minority villages in the area.
In recent years (post-Covid-19 pandemic, 2022/3) some tourists engage inCulinary tourism since Liuzhou is the birthplace of Guangxi's most famous dish,Luosifen.
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Liuzhou is the headquarters of the75th Group Army of thePeople's Liberation Army.
Liuzhou appears in the Chinese saying生在苏州, 活在杭州, 吃在广州, 死在柳州.
because, in the past, the city was known for its coffins, made from firwood, camphor wood, and sandalwood,[14] which are said to preserve the body after death.Guangzhou's"Cantonese" cuisine is famous worldwide, andHangzhou is known for its prosperity and the beauty of its location.Suzhou is reputed to have the most beautiful people in China, so the line is sometimes given as "Marry in Suzhou...".
Today many tourists buy miniature coffins, about 3 to 30 cm (1.2 to 11.8 in) long, as souvenirs or good luck charms. The coffins are usually inscribed升官发财 (shēng guān fā cái) which means 'get promotion and get rich". The second and fourth characters arehomophones of棺材 (guāncái) meaning 'coffin'.
Some miniature coffins are used as caskets to hold the ashes of ancestors.[14]
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