Top left:Elizabeth II was the longest-reigning female monarch, ruling as Queen of the United Kingdom for 70 years, from 1952 to 2022. Top right:Victoria ruled as Queen of the United Kingdom for 63 years, from 1837 to 1901; the longest at the time. Bottom left:Wilhelmina , Queen of the Netherlands for 58 years from 1890 to 1948, is the longest-reigning female monarch outside the United Kingdom. Bottom right:Margrethe II was Queen of Denmark for 52 years, from 1972 until her abdication in 2024; she is the most recent female monarch of a sovereign state. This is a list of current and former femalemonarchs regardless of title, includingqueens regnant , empresses regnant,pharaohs and monarchs by other titles (grand duchess, princess, etc.). Consorts, suchqueens consort (i.e. spouses of male monarchs) are not included, seelist of current consorts of sovereigns . Femaleregents are not included, seelist of regents .
The following is an incomplete list of women monarchs who are well known from popular writings, although many ancient and poorly documented ruling monarchs (such as those from Africa andOceania ) are omitted. Section 1 lists monarchs who ruled in their own right, such asqueens regnant . Section 2 lists legendary monarchs. Section 3 lists monarchs who ruled in their own right, but had no official legal recognition while in power. Section 4 lists various female rulers who were referred to with the title "Chieftainess." Regents, such as queens regent, are not monarchs and are not included in this page. Page does include claimants and anti-rulers whose recognition among their subjects and legitimacy as monarchs are disputed.
The Canary Islands are Spanish territories of North Africa.
Peraza family
Kingdom of the Canary Islands list of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown .
The first verified female monarch of Egypt is Sobekneferu of theTwelfth dynasty . However, queens from earlier periods such asNeithhotep ,Merneith andKhentkaus I held powerful positions and may have ruled Egypt in their own right, but the archaeological evidence is ambiguous.[ 2] Arsinoe II ,Berenice II ,Arsinoe III andCleopatra I are considered monarchs by Sally-Ann Ashton, but not by Tara Sewell-Lasater.[ 3] [ 4]
Orango
Canhabaque
Baoule
Mali Empire
Akure Kingdom
Èyé Àró (reigned 1393–1419) Èyémọ̀ị́n (reigned 1705–1735) Amọ́robíòjò (reigned 1850–1851) Daura
The title "Kabara" was used by female monarchs who ruled over theHausa people in the Middle Ages. A line of matriarchal monarchs is recorded in theKano Chronicle Daurama in the 9th century.[ 31] c. 700 to c. 1000 .[ 32]
Kufuru Ginu Yakumo Yakunya Wanzamu Yanbamu Gizir-gizir Inna-Gari Daurama Ga-Wata Shata Fatatuma Sai-Da-Mata Ja-Mata Ha-Mata Zama Sha-Wata Daurama IIFederation of Nigeria
Ifẹ
Igala Kingdom
Igodomigodo
Kumbwada [ 34]
Ondo Kingdom
Oyo Empire
Zazzau
Lingeer 's leadership activities were carried out at the highest tier, as a co-monarch.
Floup people [fr ]
Ayimpène (reigned c. 1907–c. 1931)[ 36] [ 37] Sibeth, also spelled Sibet (reigned late 1930s–1976)[ 36] [ 37] Dominion of Sierra Leone
Koya Temne
Fatima (reigned 1826–1840)[ 38] Kpa Mende
Mbunda Kingdom
Kingdom of Kongo Kongo Civil War .
Luvale Nhakatolo [pt ] or Nyakatolo is the hereditary queen of Luvale.
Kanem–Bornu Empire
Lunda Kingdom
Other female sultans also ruled on the Comoros, but their reign dates are unknown:
Ambohidratrimo
Menabe
Bemihisatra
Bemazava
Antankarana
Angoche Sultanate
Queen of Angoche, name unknown (reigned in the 16th century) – she succeeded her brother and was succeeded by her husband Molidi[ 51] Sultanate of Ifat
Shilluk Kingdom
Abudok [fr ] , the eighth ruler (and only queen) of the Shilluk.[ 53] Tanganyika
Unguja
Pemba Island
Tumbatu Island
Kua
Mikindani
AmaMpondomise
Lobedu people
TheModjadji orRain Queen is the hereditaryqueen ofLobedu , the people of theLimpopo Province ofSouth Africa . The succession to the position of Rain Queen ismatrilineal , meaning that the Queen's eldest daughter is the heir, and that males are not entitled to inherit the throne at all. The Rain Queen is believed to have special powers, including the ability to control theclouds andrainfall .
Union of South Africa
Coba
Ecatepec
Palenque
Sak Kʼukʼ Tepetlaoztoc
Toltec Empire
Toniná
Tzacoalco
Mixtec
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref. Elizabeth II Queen Belize 21 September 1981 8 September 2022
Pusilha
El Perú
La Florida
Naranjo
Tikal
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref. Elizabeth II Queen Antigua and Barbuda 1 November 1981 8 September 2022 Queen Bahamas 10 July 1973 8 September 2022 Queen Barbados 30 November 1966 30 November 2021 Queen Grenada 7 February 1974 8 September 2022 Queen Jamaica 6 August 1962 8 September 2022 Queen Saint Kitts and Nevis 19 September 1983 8 September 2022 Queen Saint Lucia 22 February 1979 8 September 2022 Queen Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 27 October 1979 8 September 2022 Queen Trinidad and Tobago 31 August 1962 1 August 1976
Eastern Queendom Tibet , there wasNüguo (Chinese :女國 , lit. "Kingdom of Women"), also known asDong nüguo (Chinese :東女國 , lit. "Eastern Kingdom of Women"), related to the tribeSumpa .[ 70]
Wuman
Quilon
Queen of Quilon, name unknown (reigned in the early 16th century) – she concluded a treaty with the Portuguese in 1516[ 93] Queen of Quilon, name unknown (reigned in the mid-17th century) – she concluded a treaty with the Dutch in 1659[ 94] Attingal Marthanda Varma ascended the throne and incorporated Attingal in Travancore.[ 93]
Makayiram Thirunal (reigned as junior queen ?–? and as senior queen ?–1678)[ 95] Umayamma Rani (reigned as junior queen ?–1678 and as senior queen 1678–1698)Pooruruttathi Thirunal from Kolathunadu, name unknown (reigned as junior queen ?–1698 and as senior queen 1698–1729)[ 96] [ 93] Kottarakkara
Assacani
Gilgit
Kanhaiya Misl
Soomra dynasty
Hamoon (reigned 1107) – she occupied the throne after her husband Sanghar's death, but was soon crushed by the nobles[ 100] Pasig
Kingdom of Maynila
Sultanate of Sulu
Hariphunchai
Pattani
Lanna
There were many chiefdoms onTimor , but according to the hierarchy among the Timorese domains, the ruler ofSonbai of West Timor, the ruler ofWehali of Central Timor, and the ruler of Likusaen (today:Liquiçá ) of East Timor were three paramount rulers of Timor.[ 122]
Liquiçá
Israel and Palestine [ edit ] Gileadite
Nabatea
Tripoli County of Tripoli was an autonomous state.[ 125]
Bāzu
Iapa, queen of the city Dihrani – Esarhaddon conquered eight kings and queens of the land Bāzu[ 126] Baslu, queen of the city Ihilum – Esarhaddon conquered eight kings and queens of the land Bāzu[ 126] Qedarite
Tanukhids
Mavia (reigned 375–425) – "The Queen of the Arabs"Seleucid Empire
Palmyrene Empire
Zenobia (reigned 272) – she ruled mostly as regent for her son but reigned briefly under theregnal name Septimia Zenobia Augusta in 272.Antioch Principality of Antioch was an autonomous state.[ 125]
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Isabella of Armenia Caria
Dardania
Heraclea Pontica
Pontus
Olba Kingdom
Prusias ad Mare
Saltukid dynasty
Trebizond
Queen ofGreater Yuezhi , name unknown (reigned in the 2nd century BC) – after the king of the Greater Yuezhi was killed by theXiongnu , his wife became the new monarch of Greater Yuezhi[ 127] [ 128] [ edit ] Poland and Lithuania [ edit ] Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref. Erato Queen Kingdom of Armenia 8 BC 5 BC 3 years 2 BC 2 AD 4 years 6 AD 12 AD 6 years
[ edit ] Luxembourg and Belgium [ edit ] Burgundian Netherlands
Spanish Netherlands
Austrian Netherlands
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
United Kingdom and Ireland [ edit ] Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref. Cartimandua Queen Brigantes c. 43 c. 69 c. 25 years Boudica Queen Iceni c. 60 c. 61 c. 1 year Seaxburh – Queen Wessex c. 672 c. 674 c. 2 years Æthelflæd Lady Mercia 911 918 c. 7 years Ælfwynn – Lady Mercia 12 June 918 4 December 918 Matilda Lady (disputed ) England 8 April 1141 1148 c. 7 years [ 131] Margaret Queen (disputed ) Scotland 19 March 1286 September 1290 4 years, 6 months Mary Queen Scotland 14 December 1542 24 July 1567 Jane Queen (disputed ) England 10 July 1553 19 July 1553 [ 132] Ireland Mary I Queen England 24 July 1553 17 November 1558 Ireland Elizabeth I Queen England 17 November 1558 24 March 1603 Ireland Mary II Queen England 13 February 1689 28 December 1694 Ireland Scotland 11 April 1689 Anne Queen England 8 March 1702 1 May 1707 Scotland Ireland 1 August 1714 Great Britain 1 May 1707 Victoria Queen United Kingdom 20 June 1837 22 January 1901 Elizabeth II Queen United Kingdom 6 February 1952 8 September 2022
Picts
Pictish Queen, name unknown (reigned c. 617) – in 617, she summoned pirates to massacreDonnán and his companions on the island ofEigg ; she is the only woman ruler mentioned in earlyScottish history [ 133] With thefall of the Serbian Empire after 1355, for a period Albania were ruled by local chieftains. In the 14th and 15th centuriesOttoman Empire conquered the sovereignAlbanian principalities .[ 134]
Illyria
Odrysian kingdom
Kingdom of Epirus
Despotate of Epirus
Latin Empire
Yolanda (reigned 1217–1219, disputed)Frankokratia Latin Empire was disestablished in 1261, butLatin states in Greece , also known asFrankokratia , continued to recognize Latin emperors in exile as their overlords until 1383.
Thessalonica Byzantine empresses reigned with autonomy in Thessalonica.
Principality of Serres [bg ]
Polis
Transylvania Principality of Transylvania was an autonomous state.[ 137]
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref. Jimena Díaz Princess Principality of Valencia 1099 1102 Urraca Empress Hispania 30 June 1109 8 March 1126 Queen León Queen Castile Queen Galicia 1111 Petronilla Queen Aragon 13 November 1137 18 July 1164 Urraca the Asturian Queen Kingdom of Artajona [eu ] 1144 1153 Berengaria Queen Castile 6 June 1217 31 August 1217 Queen Toledo Sancha Queen León 24 September 1230 11 December 1230 Queen Galicia Dulce Queen León 24 September 1230 11 December 1230 Queen Galicia Joan I Queen Navarre 22 July 1284 2 April 1305 Joan II Queen Navarre 1 April 1328 6 October 1349 Isabella of Foix-Castelbon Co-Princess Andorra 1398 1412 Blanche I Queen Navarre 8 September 1425 1 April 1441 Blanche II Queen Navarre 23 September 1461 2 December 1464 Isabella I Queen Castile 11 December 1474 26 November 1504 Queen León Eleanor Queen Navarre 28 January 1479 12 February 1479 Catherine Queen Navarre 7 January 1483 12 February 1517 Co-Princess Andorra Joanna the Mad Queen Castile 26 November 1504 12 April 1555 Queen Aragon 23 January 1516 Queen Upper Navarre Jeanne d'Albret Queen Lower Navarre 25 May 1555 9 June 1572 Co-Princess Andorra Isabella II Queen Spain 29 September 1833 30 September 1868 Queen Upper Navarre 30 November 1833
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref. Elizabeth II Queen Malta 21 September 1964 13 December 1974
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Neda – Kneginja Duklja 1043 1046 3 years
Rarotonga
Makea Takau Ariki [ edit ] Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref. Elizabeth II Tui Viti Fiji 1970 1987 17 years Queen Papua New Guinea 1975 2022 47 years Queen Solomon Islands 1978 2022 44 years
Tui Manuʻa Matelita. Bora Bora
Huahine
Tehaapapa II andTehaapapa III Raiatea
Rapa Iti
Rimatara
Tahiti
Purea (reigned in the 18th century), queen of the Teva clan on the southern part of the island before unificationPōmare IV (reigned 1827–1877)Nuku Hiva
Vaekehu – her husband died in 1863, but Vaekehu continued to reign on her own as QueenHilo
Ko'olau
Hinakaimauli'awa , 2nd Chiefess of Ko'olauMualani , 3rd Chiefess of Ko'olauKaimihauoku, 7th Chiefess of Ko'olau Holaulani (Kauaohalaulani), 16th Chiefess of Ko'olau Ipuwai-o-Hoalani, 19th Chiefess of Ko'olau Molokai
Oʻahu
Hawaiʻi Island
Kauaʻi
Kingdom of Hawaii
Liliʻuokalani Uvea
Legendary and mythological monarchs [ edit ] Women written in italics in the list ofKuba Kingdom rulers:[ 141]
Lobamba Gokare Sanga Motunu Pelama Pena Boeke Sanga Lenga Bosh Akama Kele Kama Bolueme Nitocris of theSixth Dynasty – Nitocris is mentioned withinHerodotus ' bookHistories Charoba – A queen mentioned in a history of Egypt written by 12th-century Arab writerMurtada ibn al-'Afif .[ 142] Daluka of theSoleyman Dynasty – AnAntediluvian monarch from medieval Coptic and Arabic texts who supposedly built a wall around Egypt to protect the country from invasion and also was said to have built a pyramid and anilometer atMemphis . Sometimes claimed to be a cousin of Charoba and her immediate successor.[ 142] Borsa of theSoleyman Dynasty – Mentioned in medieval Coptic and Arabic texts as a ruler of Egypt in theAntediluvian era.[ 143] [ 142] The following names all come from a regnal list written in 1922, which is partially based on native traditions and older regnal lists, but also contains additional names of Coptic and Nubian origin, the latter due to its association with the word "Aethiopia Ethiopian calendar .[ 144]
Borsa (reigned 4321–4254 BC) – Originated from Coptic tradition.[ 143] Eylouka (reigned 3776–3731 BC) – Originated from Coptic tradition.[ 143] Nehasset Nais (reigned 2434–2404 BC) Kasiyope (reigned 1890–1871 BC) – Originated fromGreek mythology .Mumazes reigned (1675–1671 BC) – Daughter of king Bonu I.[ 145] Aruas (reigned 1671 BC) – Daughter of Mumazes.[ 144] Helena (reigned 1358–1347 BC) Makeda (reigned 1013–982 BC) – TheBiblical queen of Sheba in Ethiopian tradition and mother ofMenelik I . She succeeded to the throne after the death of her father king Kawnasya.[ 146] Nicauta Kandake I (reigned 740–730 BC) Hadina (reigned 372–362 BC) – Mostregnal lists of Ethiopia claim this monarch reigned for 9 years.[ 147] Nikawla Kandake II (reigned 342–332 BC) – An alternate name for theQueen of Sheba [ 148] Akawsis Kandake III (reigned 325–315 BC) Nikosis Kandake IV (reigned 242–232 BC) Awsena (reigned 99–88 BC) – Mostregnal lists of Ethiopia claim this monarch reigned for 1 year.[ 147] Nicotnis Kandake V (reigned 35–25 BC) Garsemot Kandake VI (reigned 40–50 AD) – Supposedly theKandake Ethiopian Eunuch .[ 144] Wakana (reigned 230 AD) – Reigned for 2 days.[ 144] Ahywa Sofya (reigned 299–332 AD) – Likely based onSofya of Axum , mother ofEzana . Adhana I (reigned 369–374 AD) – Someregnal lists of Ethiopia claim this monarch reigned for 14 years.[ 149] Adhana II (reigned 412–418 AD) – Some regnal lists claim this monarch co-ruled with king Abreha III.[ 149] Lady Saso , honorary queen regnant ofSilla Queen of Jeoknyeo-guk –Talhae 's mother was the princess ofJeoknyeo-guk (Korean : 적녀국 Hanja : 積女國 [ 153] Queen ofTamna – she is mentioned in the legend of Mountain Shrine and Lady Shring in the Bongnae Mountain (봉래산 산제당과 아씨당)[ 154] Hongranyeo (Korean : 홍라녀 Hanja : 紅羅女 Yeowangjwagangsanhyeong (Korean : 여왕좌강산형 Hanja : 女王坐江山型 Balhae [ 155] Self-proclaimed monarchs [ edit ] Trinidad and Tobago [ edit ] The list ofCarib Queens were:
United States of America [ edit ] United States Virgin Islands [ edit ] The leaders of the1878 St. Croix labor riot were:
Diso Obo Warqe, ruler of the Nonno Jebat[ 174] Abibatu Mogaji ,Ìyál'ọ́jà ofLagos Abiola Dosunmu ,Erelu Kuti ofLagos Agbani Darego ,Oloye ofLagos Ahebi Ugbabe ,Eze ofEnugu-Ezike Alaba Lawson ,Iyalode ofYorubaland Aminatu Abiodun ,Iyalode ofIbadan Efunroye Tinubu ,Iyalode ofEgbaland Efunsetan Aniwura ,Iyalode ofIbadan Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti ,Oloye ofYorubaland Laduntan Oyekanmi ,Iyalode ofIbadan Wuraola Esan ,Iyalode ofIbadan Koloka of Naara[ 180] [ 181] Therese Ntare VI of Heru[ 190] The female chiefs, Murogo and her female descendants, worked for theAnkole kings for several generation in the Ibanda area.[ 191]
Murogo of Ibanda (reigned in the early 19th century)[ 192] Nyabuzana of Ibanda (reigned in the mid-19th century)[ 192] Kishokye of Ibanda (reigned ?–1903)[ 192] Julia Kibubura of Ibanda (reigned 1903–1926)[ 192] United States of America [ edit ] Semi-independent feudal rulers [ edit ] Rani Bhawani ,zamindar ofMidnapore Raj Rani Shiromani ,zamindar ofMidnapore Raj Rani Rashmoni ,zamindar ofJanbazar Mangaleswari Nachiyar [ta ] ,zamindar ofRamnad estate Rani Muthu Virai Nachiyar [ta ] ,zamindar ofRamnad estate Parvatha Vardhani Ammal Nachchiyar ,zamindar ofRamnad estate Kathama Nachiar ,zamindar ofSivaganga estate Anna Purna,zamindar ofPal Lahara State [ 195] Chellamma,zamindar ofAvuku [ 196] Rani Dhwaja Moni Devi,zamindar ofBishnupur (reigned 1885–1889)[ 197] Between the 1204 and 1352,Bengal was a province of the Delhi Sultanate .[ 198]
Swedish Estonia
Russian Estonia
Catherine I (reigned 8 February 1725 – 17 May 1727)Anna (reigned 13 February 1730 – 28 October 1740)Elizabeth (reigned 6 December 1741 – 5 January 1762)Catherine II (reigned 9 July 1762 – 6 November 1796)Swedish Finland
Norwegian Iceland
Israel and Palestine [ edit ] Thutmose III of theNew Kingdom of Egypt conqueredCanaan .
Thutmose I of theNew Kingdom of Egypt conqueredNubia .
^ She reigned until 1502, but titled herself queen only until 1477. ^ She is the queen buried in Bar. 8. Her name is unknown. ^a b c d She also had the title of Queen of Ndongo, but in title only, as the Kingdom of Ndongo was destroyed in the Battle of Pungo Andongo in 1671. ^ Canada became a dominion by theCanadian Confederation in 1867. ^ In 1284, Kertanegara attacked Bali and captured the queen of Bali. Her name is unknown. ^ It is not her name, but it means "Queen of Iskandar Syah". Her name is unknown. ^ She was an autonomous ruler. TheDuchy of Sumenep , which was originally under theMataram Sultanate , fell into the hands of the Dutch East India Company in 1705 and became an autonomous state. ^a b She was crowned with the title ofrex ("king"). ^ She was also a titular Judge of Gallura in 1308–1339. TheRepublic of Pisa 's possession of theJudicate of Gallura became definitive in 1308. ^a b She reigned as apuppet ruler .Napoleon I appointed his brothers and sisters as puppet rulers of theClient States of the French Empire . ^a b She reigned as an independent duchess. The Italian duchies, restored by theCongress of Vienna , became fully sovereign, because theKingdom of Italy within the Holy Roman Empire was not restored. ^ She reigned as an independent monarch only during her second reign. She also reigned in 1790–1796, but was not fully sovereign at that time, as theKingdom of Italy within the Holy Roman Empire existed. ^ Australia became a dominion by theFederation of Australia in 1901. ^ "El linaje español más antiguo en Canarias :: Revista de historia" .mdc.ulpgc.es . Archived fromthe original on 2022-09-27.^ Tyldesley, Joyce.Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt . pp. 26– 29,33– 34,52– 53. ^ Ashton, Sally-Ann (2014-09-19).The Last Queens of Egypt: Cleopatra's Royal House 112– 113.ISBN 978-1-317-86873-6 ^ Sewell-Lasater, Tara (2020)."Becoming Kleopatra: Ptolemaic Royal Marriage, Incest, and the Path to Female Rule" .University of Houston : 16. ^ Shaw, Ian, ed. (2003).The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt ISBN 978-0-19-815034-3 ^ Bennett, Chris."Arsinoe II" .Egyptian Royal Genealogy . ^ Stanwick, Paul Edmund (22 July 2010).Portraits of the Ptolemies: Greek Kings as Egyptian Pharaohs ISBN 9780292787476 ^ Chrystal, Paul (2017-02-28).Women at War in the Classical World ISBN 978-1-4738-5661-5 Arsinoe III was Queen of Egypt from 220–204 BCE, ^ Chris Bennett."Cleopatra I" . Tyndale House. RetrievedDecember 21, 2023 . ^ Cleopatra II Archived 23 May 2011 at theWayback Machine by Chris Bennett^ Cleopatra III Archived 5 October 2011 at theWayback Machine by Chris Bennett^ Berenice III Archived 5 October 2011 at theWayback Machine by Chris Bennett^ Cleopatra V Archived 26 November 2011 at theWayback Machine by Chris Bennett^ Tyldesley, Joyce (2006),Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt 200 ,ISBN 0-500-05145-3 ^ Tyldesley, Joyce (2019).The Pharaohs . London: Quercus. p. 209.ISBN 978-1-78747-900-5 ^ Tyldesley, Joyce (2009).Cleopatra: Last Queen of Egypt . Profile Books. pp. 61– 62, 252.ISBN 978-1861979018 ^ Arsinoe IV Archived 26 November 2011 at theWayback Machine by Chris Bennett^ Bryce, Trevor (2014).Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History . Oxford University Press. p. 304.ISBN 978-0-19-100292-2 ^ Droa-Krupe, Kerstin; Fink, Sebastian (2021).Powerful Women in the Ancient World: Perception and (Self)Presentation 308– 316.ISBN 978-3-96327-139-7 ^ Kuckertz, Josefine (2021)."Meroe and Egypt" .UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology : 5. ^a b Török, László (2015).The Kingdom of Kush: Handbook of the Napatan-Meroitic Civilization ISBN 978-90-04-29401-1 ^ Kuckertz, Josefine (2021)."Meroe and Egypt" .UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology : 6. ^ Adam Simmons, 'A Short Note on Queen Gaua: A New Last Known Ruler of Dotawo (r. around 1520-6)?',Dotawo: A Journal of Nubian Studies (2023),doi :10.5070/D60060625 . ^ Stewart, John (2024-10-18).African States and Rulers ISBN 978-1-4766-1707-7 ^ "Kings of the Ga state" .GaDangme Heritage & Cultural Foundation . Retrieved2024-11-26 .^ Stewart, John (1989).African States and Rulers . London: McFarland. p. 8.ISBN 0-89950-390-X ^ Havik, Philip J. (2004).Silences and Soundbites: The Gendered Dynamics of Trade and Brokerage in the Pre-colonial Guinea Bissau Region ISBN 978-3-8258-7709-5 ^ Henry, Christine (1994).Les îles où dansent les enfants défunts. Âge, sexe et pouvoir chez les Bijogo de Guinée-Bissau ISBN 978-2-7351-1682-9 ^a b Basil Davidson (2014).West Africa Before the Colonial Era: A History to 1850 ISBN 978-1-317-88265-7 ^ Dunn, Elwood D.; Beyan, Amos J.; Burrowes, Carl Patrick (2000-12-20).Historical Dictionary of Liberia ISBN 978-1-4616-5931-0 ^ Palmer, H. R (1908).Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland . Vol. 1908. ^ Stewart, John (2006).African States and Rulers (3rd ed.). London: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 71.ISBN 9780786425624 ^ Achebe, Nwando; Robertson, Claire, eds. (2019-04-16).Holding the World Together: African Women in Changing Perspective ISBN 978-0-299-32110-9 ^a b Emmanuel, Olu (2021-09-17)."The kingdom in Northern Nigeria that can only be ruled by a woman" .National Daily Newspaper . Retrieved2024-12-16 . ^ Stewart, John (2024-10-18).African States and Rulers 240– 241.ISBN 978-1-4766-1707-7 ^a b Diedhiou, Samuel."Sibet Diedhiou, reine des Floup" .au-senegal.com (in French). Retrieved2025-06-11 . ^a b Baum, Robert M. (2015-11-09).West Africa's Women of God: Alinesitoué and the Diola Prophetic Tradition 84– 85,114– 116.ISBN 978-0-253-01791-8 ^ Stewart, John (2006).African States and Rulers ISBN 978-0-7864-2562-4 ^a b Shillington, Kevin , ed. (2005).Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set ISBN 978-1-135-45670-2 ^a b c d "Origem do título Nyakatolo segundo Francisco Chiwende" .TV Zimbo . Retrieved2024-12-16 .^ "Qui était Ngoungoure, la princesse qui régna pendant 30 min à la tête de la dynastie Bamoun?" .Le bled parle [fr ] . Retrieved2025-02-28 .^a b c d Stewart, John (2006).African States and Rulers (third ed.). London: McFarland. pp. 19– 20.ISBN 0-7864-2562-8 ^a b c d e f g "Njazidja (Grande Comore), French Comoros, Comoro Islands (Comoros) Coins and Rulers" .www.chiefacoins.com . Retrieved2025-05-17 .^ Tolmacheva, Marina, ed. (2012-01-01).The Pate Chronicle 53– 57.ISBN 978-1-60917-302-9 ^ Tolmacheva, Marina, ed. (2012-01-01).The Pate Chronicle ISBN 978-1-60917-302-9 ^a b c d e Truhart, Peter [in German] (2017-10-23).Regents of Nations / Regenten der Nationen, Part 2, Asia, Australia-Oceania / Asien, Australien-Ozeanien 1627– 1628.ISBN 978-3-11-161625-4 ^ Chapus, Georges-Sully; Dandouau, André (1952-01-01).Histoire des populations de Madagascar ISBN 978-2-402-66293-2 {{cite book }}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help ) ^ Campbell, Gwyn (2005-03-14).An Economic History of Imperial Madagascar, 1750-1895: The Rise and Fall of an Island Empire ISBN 978-0-521-83935-8 ^a b c Sharp, Lesley A. (2002-09-03).The Sacrificed Generation: Youth, History, and the Colonized Mind in Madagascar ISBN 978-0-520-22951-8 ^a b KARIMBHAY, Tamim (2010-10-08).Nosy-Bé : Âme malgache, Coeur français 88– 89.ISBN 978-2-9533865-4-7 ^ Newitt, Malyn (1972)."The Early History of the Sultanate of Angoche" The Journal of African History 13 (3): 403.doi :10.1017/S0021853700011713 .JSTOR 180586 . ^ African Society (1926).Journal of the African Society ^ Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (2011)."The divine kingship of the Shilluk of the Nilotic Sudan" HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory .1 :407– 422.doi :10.14318/hau1.1.016 .S2CID 162247139 . ^ McIntyre, Chris; McIntyre, Susan (2009).Zanzibar ISBN 978-1-84162-254-5 ^ Ingrams, W. H. (2020-10-28).Zanzibar: The Island Metropolis of Eastern Africa ISBN 978-1-000-10174-4 ^a b c d Acquaviva, Graziella (2019)."More than just warriors: Mythical and archetypal images of the hero in Swahili literature" .Kervan. International Journal of Afro-Asiatic Studies : 17. ^a b c Ingrams, W. H. (2020-10-28).Zanzibar: The Island Metropolis of Eastern Africa ISBN 978-1-000-10174-4 ^a b c d Yahya-Othman, Saïda (2010).Des femmes écrivent l'Afrique: L'Afrique de l'Est ISBN 978-2-8111-0410-8 ^a b c d e f g h i j k "Busongora Kinglist" .Busongora-Chwezi Kingdom . Retrieved2024-01-14 .^ Sheldon, Kathleen (2017-04-24).African Women: Early History to the 21st Century 56– 57.ISBN 978-0-253-02731-3 ^ Dierks, Klaus ."THE PERIOD OF THE EXPLORERS, HUNTERS AND TRADERS" . klausdierks.com.^a b c d e f g h Dierks, Klaus ."Traditional Leaders in the History of Namibia" . klausdierks.com.^ Cloete, Luqman (2011-09-26)."Late Bondelswart chief buried" .The Namibian . Retrieved2025-01-04 . ^ "Shambyu leader Queen Ribebe has died" .The Namibian . 2015-06-15. Retrieved2023-12-22 .^ "Hompa Sofia Mundjembwe Kanyetu Coronated" .nbc . Retrieved2023-12-22 .^ Nelson, Sarah Milledge , ed. (2003-06-05).Ancient Queens: Archaeological Explorations 143– 146.ISBN 978-0-7591-1617-7 ^ "The life, death, and afterlife of an ancient Maya king: A study of Pusilha Ruler G" .Contributions in New World Archaeology : 269. 2016.^ Baron, Joanne (2017)."The Mystery Queen of La Florida-Namaan" .Expedition Magazine . Vol. 59, no. 2. ^ 권, 혜진 (2017-07-05)."계란형 얼굴에 구릿빛 피부…1천700년 전 페루 여왕 얼굴 복원" .연합뉴스 . Retrieved2024-01-13 . ^ Jay, Jennifer W. (1996)."Imagining Matriarchy: "Kingdoms of Women" in Tang China" .Journal of the American Oriental Society .116 (2):220– 229.doi :10.2307/605697 .ISSN 0003-0279 .JSTOR 605697 . ^ Book of Sui, vol. 83 ^a b Fan, Wenlan (1994).Zhongguo tong shi ISBN 978-7-01-002029-7 ^a b c d Old Book of Tang, vol. 197 ^ Fan Chuo ,Manshu , vol. 4^ Association of the Buddha Jayanti (1959).Japan and Buddhism ^ Yoshie, Akiko; Tonomura, Hitomi; Takata, Azumi Ann «Gendered Interpretations of Female Rule: The Case of Himiko, Ruler of Yamatai». US-Japan Women's Journal, 44, 1, 2013, pàg. 13. DOI: 10.1353/jwj.2013.0009. ^ Brown, Delmeret al. (1979).Gukanshō , pp. 263–264; Varley, H. Paul. (1980).Jinnō Shōtōki, pp. 126–129; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 39–42. , p. 39, atGoogle Books ^ Brown, Delmer et al. (1979).Gokanshō , p. 265–267; Varley, H. Paul. (1980).Jinnō Shōtōki . p. 130–134; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 43–54. , p. 43, atGoogle Books ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).Annales des empereurs du Japon, p. 59. , p. 59, atGoogle Books ^ Titsingh, Isaac . (1834).Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 63–65 , p. 63, atGoogle Books ;Brown, Delmer M. (1979).Gukanshō , p. 271;Varley, H. Paul . (1980).Jinnō Shōtōki . p. 140.^ Brown, Delmeret al. (1979).Gukanshō , pp. 271–272; Varley, H. Paul. (1980).Jinnō Shōtōki . pp. 140–141; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 65–67. , p. 65, atGoogle Books ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).Annales des empereurs du Japon , pp. 411–412. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).Annales des empereurs du Japon , pp. 419–420. ^ Arihant Experts (4 June 2019).Know Your State Odisha ISBN 978-9313193272 Next female rulers were Tribhuvana Mahadevi II (890-896AD) and Tribhuvana Mahadevi III (896-905AD). ^ Arihant Experts (4 June 2019).Know Your State Odisha ISBN 978-9313193272 Next female rulers were Tribhuvana Mahadevi II (890-896AD) and Tribhuvana Mahadevi III (896-905AD). ^ Upendra Thakur (1956).History of Mithila 320– 322. ^ Jha, Makhan (1997).Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective ISBN 978-81-7533-034-4 ^ Jyotsna Kamat (2010-05-07)."Queen of Gersoppa: Chennabhairadevi, Brave Ruler of Gersoppa (1552–1606 C.E)" . Kamatpotporri. Retrieved2010-05-25 . ^ Singh, Harbans (ed.).The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism: A-D ^ The Imperial Gazetteer of India 15 .^ The Begums of Bhopal: A Dynasty of Women Rulers in Raj India, by Shahraryar M. Khan. Published by I. B.Tauris, 2000.ISBN 1-86064-528-3 ^a b O'malley, L. S. S. (2007) [1909].Bengal District Gazetteer : Sambalpur 26– 28.ISBN 978-81-7268-139-5 ^a b c Raghunandan, Lakshmi (1995)."Historical position of the Senior Rani of Travancore as Rani of Attingal" .At the Turn of the Tide: The Life and Times of Maharani Setu Lakshmi Bayi, the Last Queen of Travancore . Maharani Setu Lakshmi Bayi Memorial Charitable Trust. pp. 449– 459. ^ M. O. Koshy (1989).The Dutch Power in Kerala, 1729-1758 ISBN 978-81-7099-136-6 ^ Menon, A. Sreedhara , ed. (1962).Kerala District Gazetteers: Trivandrum ^ Gupta, Archana Garodia (2019-04-20)."The Matriarchs of Travancore" .The Women Who Ruled India: Leaders. Warriors. Icons . Hachette India.ISBN 978-93-5195-153-7 ^ M. O. Koshy (1989).The Dutch Power in Kerala, 1729-1758 ISBN 978-81-7099-136-6 ^ UNESCO (2003). Adle, Chahryar; Habib, Irfan; Baipakov, Karl M. (eds.).History of civilizations of Central Asia ISBN 92-3-103876-1 ^ Khan, Shah Rais (1987).Dani, Ahmad Hasan (ed.).Shah Rais Khan's History of Gilgit (PDF) . Quaid-i-Azam University. p. 33.ISBN 978-9937871914 ^ Siddiqui, Dr. Habibullah."The Soomras of Sindh: their origin, main characteristics and rule" (PDF) .Literary Conference on Soomra Period in Sindh . ^ John Norman Miksic; Goh Geok Yian (2016-10-14).Ancient Southeast Asia ISBN 978-1-317-27904-4 ^ "Bentan, Negeri Para Laksamana" .jantungmelayu.co (in Indonesian). 2020-07-19. Retrieved2024-12-09 .^a b O'Connor, Sue; McWilliam, Andrew; Brockwell, Sally, eds. (2020-09-07).Forts and Fortification in Wallacea: Archaeological and Ethnohistoric Investigations ISBN 978-1-76046-389-2 ^a b Mustamin, Fiam (2020-12-02)."Di manakah Perempuan Tanah Bugis yang Patriotik Pemberani dan Malebbi Itu" .PINISI.co.id . Retrieved2024-11-29 . ^a b c d e f Omar, Rahilah (2003-11-01).The history of Boné A.D. 1775-1795: the diary of Sultan Ahmad as-Salleh Syamsuddin ^a b c d e f "Inilah Sosok Perempuan yang Menjadi Datu di Kerajaan Luwu" (in Indonesian). INDEKS MEDIA. 2023-05-10. Retrieved2024-11-05 .^a b Hägerdal, Hans (2012-01-01).Lords of the Land, Lords of the Sea: Conflict and Adaptation in Early Colonial Timor, 1600-1800 234– 236, 422.ISBN 978-90-04-25350-6 ^ Monumen Islam di Sulawesi Selatan ^ Hägerdal, Hans (2012-01-01).Lords of the Land, Lords of the Sea: Conflict and Adaptation in Early Colonial Timor, 1600-1800 205– 206.ISBN 978-90-04-25350-6 ^ Dr. H. M. Tahir, S.Ag., MM. Dr. Hj. Ida Suryani Wijaya, M.Si (ed.).Sejarah Dakwah Islam di Kalimantan (Studi Pendekatan dan Jaringan) ISBN 978-623-8006-41-0 {{cite book }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )^a b c d e f Noor, Arba’iyah Mohd (2017-12-07).Sumbu Dunia Melayu: Hubungan Keserumpunan Malaysia-Indonesia ISBN 978-983-100-971-0 ^ Mattalatta, Andi (2003).Meniti siri dan harga diri: catatan dan kenangan ISBN 978-979-97305-0-3 ^a b Niner, Sara, ed. (2016-08-05).Women and the Politics of Gender in Post-Conflict Timor-Leste: Between Heaven and Earth 24– 25,27– 28, 41.ISBN 978-1-317-32789-9 ^ Redaksi Mamira (2021-06-25)."Asmara Berujung Prahara: Kisah Cinta Patih kepada Ratu Tirtanegara" .MAMIRA.ID (in Indonesian). Retrieved2025-07-21 . ^a b "Sultan-Sultan Sumbawa" .Ensiklopedia Sumbawa . Archived fromthe original on 2019-05-18. Retrieved2024-06-14 .^ Abd. Muttalib M. (1981).Taman purbakala Jera Lompoe ^ Singer, Noel F. (2008).Vaishali and the Indianization of Arakan 49– 50.ISBN 978-81-313-0405-1 ^ James George Scott ; John Percy Hardiman (1901).Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States, Part 2, Volume 2 He was succeeded in 1012 B.E. (1650) by his younger brother, Sao Ne Ya, who reigned for thirty years. He left no children and was succeeded by his wife, who held the State for three years and then died. ^ James George Scott ; John Percy Hardiman (1901).Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States, Part 2, Volume 2 Hkun Hkawt, a brother of Hkun Lek, was appointedSawbwa , but died in four years. In 1228 B.E. (1866), therefore, his youngest sister, one of the Queens, was appointed to the charge of Lai Hka with the title of Myoza. She appointed myooks andmyo-teins to govern the State for her. This continued for two years and then the formerSawbwa , Hkun Mawng, now become a youth, was appointed to the State. ^ Majul, Cesar Adib."An Analysis of the "Genealogy of Sulu" .Asian Studies: Journal of Critical Perspectives : 15. ^a b c d Amirell, Stefan (2011)."The Blessings and Perils of Female Rule: New Perspectives on the Reigning Queens of Patani, c. 1584–1718" .Journal of Southeast Asian Studies .42 (2):303– 323.doi :10.1017/S0022463411000063 .S2CID 143695148 . ^ Hägerdal, Hans (2007)."Rebellions or factionalism? Timorese forms of resistance in an early colonial context, 1650-1769" .Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde .163 (1): 8.ISSN 0006-2294 .JSTOR 27868341 . ^a b c Niner, Sara, ed. (2016-08-05).Women and the Politics of Gender in Post-Conflict Timor-Leste: Between Heaven and Earth ISBN 978-1-317-32789-9 ^ Siegel-Itzkovic, Judy (2009-04-16)."Have archeologists found the only female ruler of ancient Canaan?" .The Jerusalem Post . Retrieved2023-06-04 . ^a b Hamilton, Bernard (2005-07-07).The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem ISBN 978-0-521-01747-3 ^a b Leichty, Erle (2011-06-23).The Royal Inscriptions of Esarhaddon, King of Assyria (680–669 BC) 20– 21.ISBN 978-1-57506-646-2 ^ Book of Han, vol. 61 ^ Mair, Victor H. , ed. (1998).The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Peoples of Eastern Central Asia ISBN 978-0-941694-63-6 Among the Greater Yuezhi it appears that a lady was appointed to be the ruling queen on at least one occasion. "Zhang Qian zhuan" 張騫傳 (Biography of Zhang Qian) in theHistory of the Han records that after the king of the Greater Yuezhi was killed by the Xiongnu, his wife was appointed to be the queen. ^ Nicholson, Oliver (19 April 2018).The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity ISBN 978-0-19-256246-3 ^ Monter, William (2012-01-24).The Rise of Female Kings in Europe, 1300-1800 ISBN 978-0-300-17327-7 ^ David Williamson (1986).Debrett's kings and queens of Britain ISBN 9780863501012 ^ Williamson, David (2010).Kings & Queens . National Portrait Gallery Publications. p. 95.ISBN 978-1-85514-432-3 ^ Chadwick, Hector Munro (2013-03-28) [1949].Early Scotland: The Picts, the Scots and the Welsh of Southern Scotland ISBN 978-1-107-69391-3 ^ Koço, Eno [in Albanian] (2015-02-27).A Journey of the Vocal Iso(n) ISBN 978-1-4438-7578-3 ^ Nicol, Donald M. (1984).The Despotate of Epiros, 1267–1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages ISBN 978-0-521-13089-9 ^ Baker, Julian (2020-10-20).Coinage and Money in Medieval Greece 1200-1430 (2 vols.) ISBN 978-90-04-43464-6 ^ Kármán, Gábor, ed. (2020-08-10).Tributaries and Peripheries of the Ottoman Empire ISBN 978-90-04-43060-0 ^ Collins, Roger (30 April 2016)."Queens-Dowager and Queens-Regent in Tenth-Century León and Navarre" . In Parsons, John Carmi (ed.).Medieval Queenship . Springer. p. 89.ISBN 978-1-137-08859-8 ^ Hanson, F. Allan (1974). "Chapitre II. Rapa et l'Histoire".Rapa: Une île polynésienne hier et aujourd'hui 13– 32.ISBN 978-2-85430-103-8 ^ 陈永邺; 洪宜婷 (2017-01-01).法律起源与国家法的形成：以西南少数民族的神话等文本为例 ISBN 978-7-5201-0691-7 ^ Torday, Emil; Joyce, Thomas Athol (1910).Notes ethnographiques sur les peuples communément appelés Bakuba, ainsi que sur les peuplades apparentées. Les Bushongo 17– 19. ^a b c Colavito, Jason."Murtada ibn al-'Afif" . Jason Colavito. ^a b c Morié, Louis J. (1904).Histoire de L'Éthiopie (Nubie et Abyssinie): Tome Ier – La Nubie 155– 161. {{cite book }}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link )^a b c d Rey, C. F. (1927).In the Country of the Blue Nile 263– 270. ^ Araia, Ghelawdewos (December 7, 2009)."Brief Chronology of Ethiopian History" . Retrieved4 September 2022 . ^ Budge, E. A. Wallis (1928).A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia (Volume I) ^a b Budge, E. A. Wallis (1928).A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia (Volume I) 205– 207. ^ "Nicaula" .Brooklyn Museum . Retrieved13 November 2022 .^a b Budge, E. A. Wallis (1928).A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia (Volume I) 259– 261. ^a b "Salakanagara, Kerajaan (Sunda) Tertua di Nusantara" .Nusantara Institute (in Indonesian). 2019-03-28. Retrieved2023-07-14 .^ Falola, Toyin; Oyeniyi, Bukola A. (2015-02-24).Nigeria ISBN 978-1-59884-969-1 ^a b Nihon Shoki, vol. 7 ^ "적녀국(積女國)" .Encyclopedia of Korean Culture . Retrieved2024-02-10 .^ "「봉래산 산제당과 아씨당」" .Encyclopedia of Korean Local Culture . Retrieved2025-01-11 .^ 韓國民俗學 ^ Burton, Richard Francis (1856).First Footsteps in East Africa: Or, An Explanation of Harar 209– 210.^ Bryce, Trevor (2014-03-06).Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History 295– 296.ISBN 978-0-19-100292-2 ^ Leick, Gwendolyn (1991).A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology ISBN 978-0-415-00762-7 ^ 馮敏飛 (2016-01-01).危世圖存 : 中國歷史上的15次中興 ISBN 978-7-5166-2761-7 ^ History of Ming, vol. 316 ^a b Fischer, Steven R. (2005).Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island 119– 121.ISBN 978-1-86189-245-4 ^ "Juma Xipaia" .ThinkLandscape . Retrieved2025-04-20 .^a b "Indigenous women rescue Amazon tribe from extinction" .Daily Sabah . Retrieved2025-01-02 .^ Tomassoni, Teresa (2019-08-25)."The Amazon's best hope? A female indigenous chief is on a mission to save Brazil's forests" .NBC News . Retrieved2025-01-02 . ^ Cybulski, Jerome S., ed. (2001).Perspectives on Northern Northwest Coast Prehistory ISBN 978-1-77282-154-3 ^ Goodman, David, ed. (2002).China's Provinces in Reform: Class, Community and Political Culture ISBN 978-1-134-71271-7 ^ Witzel, Morgen (2019-12-06).A History of Leadership ISBN 978-1-351-66649-7 Lady Xian, a hereditary chieftain of the Li people in southern China in the sixth century AD, was a powerful figure who suppressed banditry, abolished slavery and defeated an invasion, all in order to protect her people. ^ 王冬芳 (2013).大清国的由来与去向．王冬芳文集 ISBN 978-7-5097-5320-0 ^ 박정민 (2018)."임진왜란기 조선과 건주여진의 교통로 복원 - 『건주기정도기』를 중심으로-" .사학연구 (in Korean) (129):306– 307. ^a b Horlemann, Bianca (2012)."Tibetans and Muslims in Northwest China: Economic and Political Aspects of a Complex Historical Relationship" .Asian Highlands Perspectives .21 : 159,182– 183. ^ A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, Chapter III: Of the Kingdoms contained in Hispaniola ^ "Cotubanamá" .Diccionario biográfico español . Retrieved2024-04-26 .^a b Ochoa, Margarita R.; Guengerich, Sara V., eds. (2021-03-11).Cacicas: The Indigenous Women Leaders of Spanish America, 1492–1825 ISBN 978-0-8061-6999-6 ^ Huntingford, G. W. B. (2017-02-10).The Galla of Ethiopia; The Kingdoms of Kafa and Janjero: North Eastern Africa Part II ISBN 978-1-315-30810-4 ^a b c Devi, Yashoda (1993).The History of Andhra Country, 1000 A.D.-1500 A.D. 170– 172.ISBN 978-81-212-0438-5 ^a b Chatterjee, Suhas (1995).Mizo Chiefs and the Chiefdom ISBN 81-85880-72-7 ^ 이, 기환 (2019-10-10)."파리 번데기와 묻힌 40대 여성…그녀는 1500년전 영산강 유역의 지도자였다" .경향신문 . Retrieved2024-12-19 . ^a b c Buyong Adil (1981).Sejarah Negeri Sembilan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka . p. 35.^ Levine, Stephen, ed. (2016-06-01).Pacific Ways: Government and Politics in the Pacific Islands ISBN 978-1-77656-026-4 His mother, Tarjikit, was aleroij (female chief) from Majuro, ^ Arthur James Richens Trendell (1891)."The" Colonial Year Book for the Year 1891 ^ Quanchi, Max, ed. (2009-03-26).Photographing Papua: Representation, Colonial Encounters and Imaging in the Public Domain ISBN 978-1-4438-0674-9 ^ Méndez-Méndez, Serafín; Fernández, Ronald (2015-07-14).Puerto Rico Past and Present: An Encyclopedia ISBN 978-1-4408-2832-4 ^ Day, L. (2012-01-02).Gender and Power in Sierra Leone: Women Chiefs of the Last Two Centuries ISBN 978-0-230-33792-3 ^ Paxton, Pamela; Hughes, Melanie M. (2007-03-06).Women, Politics, and Power: A Global Perspective ISBN 978-1-4129-2742-0 ^a b Fyle, Magbaily C. (2006-03-27).Historical Dictionary of Sierra Leone ISBN 978-0-8108-6504-4 ^ Saunders, Christopher; Limb, Peter (2020-12-15).Historical Dictionary of South Africa ISBN 978-1-5381-3026-1 ^ Peires, Jeffrey B. (1982).The House of Phalo: A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence ISBN 978-0-520-04663-4 ^a b c 杜, 曉梅."女土官蘭雷、冷冷與寶珠──清代臺灣原住民女性人物的書寫與研究" .臺灣風物 .67 (3):23– 54. ^ Emma Jinhua Teng (2020-03-23).Taiwan's Imagined Geography: Chinese Colonial Travel Writing and Pictures, 1683–1895 ISBN 978-1-68417-393-8 ^ Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2020-03-20).Colonial Mentality and the Destiny of Africa ^ Tripp, Aili Mari (2000-05-05).Women and Politics in Uganda 32– 33.ISBN 978-0-299-16484-3 ^a b c d John Milner Gray (1960)."A history of Ibanda, Saza of Mitoma, Ankole" .The Uganda Journal 24 (2):166– 182. ^ Rountree, Helen C. (1990).Pocahontas's People: The Powhatan Indians of Virginia Through Four Centuries 126– 127.ISBN 978-0-8061-2849-8 ^ Boissevain, Ethel (1959)."Narragansett Survival: A Study of Group Persistence through Adapted Traits" Ethnohistory .6 (4): 350.doi :10.2307/480725 .ISSN 0014-1801 .JSTOR 480725 . ^ L. E. B. Cobden-Ramsay (2011).Feudatory States of Orissa: Bengal District Gazetteers 276– 277.ISBN 978-81-7268-216-3 ^ Sewell, Robert , ed. (1884).Lists of Inscriptions, and Sketch of the Dynasties of Southern India ^ Ganguli, Samir (2025-02-19).Capitals Of Bengal Before Calcutta, Some Famous, Some Lost, Some Not Found ^ Richard M. Eaton (1993).The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760 ISBN 978-0-520-20507-9
Lists of female holders of political office National politics/government/legislatures Related
Type Topics Titles Current
Former
Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania Commonwealth realms
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.png)
.png)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.JPG)
.png)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
_in_an_18th_century_painting.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
_(page_1_crop).jpg)
_(crop_2x3).jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
_effigy_2010_(2).jpg)
_%25E2%2580%2593_Nationaal_Archief.jpg)
.jpg)
_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.png)
.jpg)
_mini.jpg)
_-_Google_Cultural_Institute.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
_(cropped)_(3-to-4_aspect_ratio).jpg)
.jpg)
_(1).jpg)
.jpg)
