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Lists of wars involving the United States

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Further information:Colonial American military history andMilitary history of the United States
Situation Room, the operations center at the White House with advanced communications equipment for the president to maintaincommand and control of U.S. forces around the world.

This is an index of lists detailing military conflicts involving theUnited States, organized by time period. Although the United States has formallydeclared war only five times and these declarations cover a total of 11 separate instances against specific nations, there are currently 187 non-colonial military conflicts included in these lists, seven of which are ongoing. Between all six lists, there are currently 224 military conflicts.[1]

Formal declarations of war include theWar of 1812 (United Kingdom), theMexican–American War (Mexico), theSpanish-American War (Spain),World War I (Germany andAustria-Hungary) andWorld War II (Japan,Germany,Italy,Bulgaria,Hungary andRomania).[2]

Since World War II, the U.S. has engaged in numerous military operationsauthorized by Congress or initiated by the executive branch without formal declarations of war; notable examples include theCold War (theKorean War, theVietnam War, and theGulf War) and thewar on terror (thewar in Afghanistan, theIraq War, thesecond Iraq War, and theSyria War).

As of the current date, the United States is involved in 7 publicly known military engagements across 5 different wars. Wars with direct U.S. involvement includewar on terror (Somalia,Syria andYemen) and thewar on drugs (U.S. military campaign). Wars with indirect U.S. involvement include theRusso-Ukrainian War (U.S. involvement), theGaza War (U.S. involvement), and theIsrael–Hezbollah conflict.[Note 1]

The emblems of the eightU.S. uniformed services

Lists

[edit]
1609–1700List of 17th-century wars involving the Thirteen Colonies
1701–1774List of 18th-century wars involving the Thirteen Colonies
1775–1800List of wars involving the United States in the 18th century
  United States
  Countries the United States have fought in, attacked or declared war based on locations on the lists
  Ongoing wars directly involving the United States
1801–1900List of wars involving the United States in the 19th century
1901–2000List of wars involving the United States in the 20th century
2001–presentList of wars involving the United States in the 21st century

Notes

[edit]
Criteria for inclusion on these lists
1. UnderArticle I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution,Congress holds the exclusivepower to declare war. The United States has only officially declared war five times in theWar of 1812, theMexican–American War, theSpanish–American War,World War I, andWorld War II. These declarations cover a total of 11 separate instances against specific nations.[3][4] This would excludeAmerican Civil War, theVietnam War or theWar in Afghanistan, in addition to many other conflicts out of these lists. To display a wider sense of the scope of U.S. involvement in "wars", these lists focus on any military conflicts involving the United States military regardless of size.
2. There are several related articles that cover other forms of violence, such asAttacks on the United States,List of rebellions in the United States,List of massacres in the United States, and list ofFamily feuds in the United States.List of conflicts in the United States covers any type of violent action in the U.S., ranging from isolated homicide, to wars that would meet the criteria for inclusion in this article series.
3. These lists do not focus on small-scale rebellions, single terror attacks, riots, assassinations, labor wars, state wars, feuds, range wars, or gang wars, as much as military conflicts involving the United States military (U.S. Army,U.S. Navy,U.S. Marine Corps,U.S. Airforce,U.S. Coast Guard (when acting in a military capacity),U.S. Space Force, theUnited States Intelligence Agencies (when acting in a military capacity; for instance, theSpecial Activities Center), theUnited States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps,NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps,Merchant Marines, and U.S.private military companies.
4. These lists may include operations against piracy, if it involves the United States military, but generally should cover a whole operation and not a single action or battle, unless that particular operation was wide but only consisted of one major battle. For example,Operation Ocean Shield included several conflicts such as theDai Hong Dan incident and theMaersk Alabama hijacking. Operation Ocean Shield can be included, because it is part of a wider conflict, but theDai Hong Dan incident and theMaersk Alabama hijacking would not. Similarly, theAegean Sea anti-piracy operations of the United States had several battles, but only one more thoroughly reported (Battle of Doro Passage). These operations would be included, but not the Battle of Doro Passage. An exception to the rule of single battles is if a conflict is a punitive action or hostage rescue mission and marks a single operation that only involved one battle, such as theBattle of Ty-ho Bay.
5.List of 17th-century wars involving the Thirteen Colonies andList of 18th-century wars involving the Thirteen Colonies both serve as a historical prequel, in that they focus on the colonies and territories that would later make up the United States. As such, the criteria will be similar and different in several respects.[Note 2]
6. These lists do not include conflicts where the United States was involved only in providing military aid (weapons, ammunition, vehicles and other equipment), humanitarian aid, financial assistance or diplomatic support to other parties (e.g.,Bangladesh Liberation War,Calderonista invasion of Costa Rica,Haitian conflict,Nepalese Civil War, orWestern Sahara War).
Examples for criteria that are not included
Assassinations orassassination attempts:Assassination of John F. Kennedy or theAttempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania.
Coup d'état or coup attempts: TheBusiness plot or theNewburgh Conspiracy.
Cyber Wars:Operation Olympic Games orOperation Ababil.[Note 3]
Evacuations from an active war zone:Operation Silver Wake,Operation Eastern Exit orOperation Shining Express.[Note 4]
Feuds: TheHatfield's and McCoy feud or theEarp Vendetta Ride.
Filibuster Wars: TheTexas Revolution, actions of theEver Victorious Army, most of theWilliam Walker Wars.[Note 5]
Gang Wars: TheDead Rabbits riot or theCastellammarese War.
Humanitarian military operations:Operation Unified Response,Operation Tomodachi orOperation Sahayogi Haat.
Isolated terrorist attacks: TheBlack Tom Bombing or theBeirut barracks bombings.[Note 6]
Labor Wars: TheGreat Railroad Strike or theCoal Wars.[Note 7]
UN Peacekeeping Missions andNon-UN Peacekeeping Missions: TheInternational Force East Timor, theKosovo Force or theMultinational Force and Observers.[Note 8]
U.S. military exercises andNATO exercises:Ulchi-Freedom Guardian,Operation Saber Strike orSteadfast Defender.
Posses:Ned Christie's War or theWillie Boy Manhhunt.[Note 9]
Range Wars: TheJohnson County War or theCastaic Range War.
Rebellions: TheWhiskey Rebellion or theRuby Ridge Siege, as well asSlave rebellions.[Note 10]
Riots: TheL.A. Riots or theBattle of Liberty Place.[Note 11]
State or local wars: TheToledo War or theBattle of Athens.
Trade Wars:China–United States trade war orUnited States trade war with Canada and Mexico.
  1. ^The United States provides military support, training, or shares intelligence with one or more parties in a conflict without directly engaging in combat with its own troops.
  2. ^Please go to the colonial wars lists for more specifics about the criteria for those lists.
  3. ^A form of military conflicts that takes place in cyberspace withcyber weapons.
  4. ^If it is demonstrated that an evacuation which is isolated from any other conflict, became a fighting withdrawal whereby U.S. forces came under fire and/or fired at an enemy while retreating then this may be considered a military conflict. A loose example of this would beOperation Libelle, however this operation itself would not be included as it did not involve the U.S. military.
  5. ^This criterion is for wars involving American filibusters alone, not wars where the United States military fought with filibusters such as thePatriot War (Florida) and thePatriot War (Canada–United States border). This criterion is also not for the United States military capturing territory from American filibusters such as the U.S. capture of theFlorida Parishes from theRepublic of West Florida or theAmelia Island Affair.
  6. ^Some terrorist attacks, such as9/11 or the2021 Kabul airport attack, may be considered as a part of a wider military such as theWar in Afghanistan orOperation Inherent Resolve, but should not be included as conflicts among these articles.
  7. ^These conflicts may be considered a type of rebellion, even if the United States military were involved.
  8. ^If a peacekeeping mission turns into a conflict, it can be added to the lists.
  9. ^If it can be demonstrated that the U.S. military participated in a posse conflict and if it is sizable enough to be considered a war, then this criterion does not apply.
  10. ^The Civil War and Bleeding Kansas taken together were wider conflicts than the average rebellion. As such, editors mark these as exceptions to the general no-rebellion policy. In addition, all territorial rebellions such as thePhilippine–American War,Moro War,Mormon Wars or thePuerto Rican Nationalist Party insurgency are exceptions as well.
  11. ^Even if the United States military were involved for riot control.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"History of American Wars".www.gettysburgflag.com. Retrieved2025-08-10.
  2. ^"About Declarations of War by Congress".United States Senate. RetrievedMay 7, 2025.
  3. ^Henderson, Phillip G. (2000).The Presidency Then and Now. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 51.ISBN 9780847697397.
  4. ^"About Declarations of War by Congress".United States Senate. RetrievedMay 7, 2025.

See also

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