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List of wars involving Libya

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This is alist ofwars involving theState of Libya and its predecessor states.

Ottoman Tripolitania (1551-1911)

[edit]
ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Results
Cretan War

(1645-1669)

Ottoman Victory
French-Tripolitania War (1681-1685)Tripolitania
Tunis		Royal Standard of the King of FranceFranceFrench victory
Maghrebi war (1699–1702)Ottoman TripolitaniaBeylik of TunisBeylik of Tunis
Sultanate of Morocco
Regency of Tripoli		Regency of AlgiersRegency of AlgiersAlgerian victory[2]
  • Moroccan and Tunisian forces routed[2]
  • Very minor, or no changes
Siege of Tripoli (1705)

Ottoman TripolitaniaOttoman Tripolitania

Ottoman Tunisia

Tripolitanian victory
Tripolitanian civil war

(1790–1795)

1790–1793
1793–1795		1790–1793
1793–1795		Karamanli victory
Action of 16 May 1797

Tripolitania

Denmark–NorwayDenmark–NorwayVictory
Barbary Wars

(1801–1815)

Algiers
Tripolitania
Morocco[3](1802–1804)

United States
Sweden(1800–1802)
Sicily[4](1801–1805)

Inconclusive
First Barbary War

(1801–1805)

Ottoman Tripolitania[5][6]
Morocco (1802)

United States
Sweden[7]
 Sicily[8][9]

Peace treaty
  • The United States paying ransom
  • Tripolitania ships allowed to inspect American ships
  • Freeing prisoners of American ships
Battle of Tripoli (1825)

Tripolitania

 Sardinia

Sardinian victory:
  • Sardinia Destroyed two tripolitanian ships
  • Tripolitanian soldiers routed
  • Peace treaty concluded[10]
Bombardment of Tripoli (1828)

Ottoman Tripolitania

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

Tripolitanian victory
Italo-Turkish War (1911-1912) Ottoman Empire
Senussi Order		 ItalyItalian victory
Italian invasion of Libya

(1911)

Ottoman Empire
Senussi Order		Kingdom of ItalyItalian victory

Colonial period (1911-1951)

[edit]
ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Results
First Italo-Senussi War

(1911–1917)

Senussi Italy

United Kingdom

Defeat
  • Libyan resistance put down
Second Italo-Senussi War

(1923–1932)

Senussi Order
Tripolitanian rebels
Fezzan rebels

 Italy

Italian victory
  • Stabilization of Italian rule in Libya
North African Campaign

(1940–1943)

Allies
British Empire

United States[nb 1]
Free France

Australia[11]
 South Africa
 Poland
 Greece
 Czechoslovakia

Axis
 Italy

 Germany

Vichy France[nb 2]

Allied victory

Libyan Kingdom (1951-1969)

[edit]
ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Results
Arab Cold War
(1952-1991[a])

Arab Federation (1958)

Federation of Arab Republics
Arab Islamic Republic

United Arab States (1958–1961)

Inconclusive
Battle of Essien (1957)

Libya
AlgeriaFLN

France

Libyan-Algerian victory
  • French forces withdraw from the region

Libyan Arab Republic (1969-1977)

[edit]
ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Results
1969 Libyan revolutionFree Officers MovementFree Officers victory
First Sudanese Civil War

(1955-1972)

United KingdomEgyptAnglo-Egyptian Sudan
(1955–1956)
SudanRepublic of the Sudan
(1956–1969)
SudanSudanDemocratic Republic of the Sudan
(1969–1972)
Combat support:
Uganda
(Joint operations on Ugandan territory, 1965–1969)[15]
LibyaLibyan Arab Republic
(From 1969 and combat involvement at least in 1970)[16]
Non-combat support:
United Arab Republic[16][17]
Soviet Union[18][17]
United Kingdom[17][19]
China[17][19]
Yugoslavia[17][19]
East Germany[17][19]
Czechoslovakia[19]
Saudi Arabia[19]
LibyaKingdom of Libya (until 1969)[19]
Algeria[19]
United States[20]
West Germany[20]

SDF mutineers, bandits, and unaffiliated separatist militias
ALF (1965–1970)
Anyanya (from 1963)[21]
Israel (from 1969)[22][23][24]
Supported by:
Ethiopia[25][26]
Uganda (from about 1970)[25][23]
Democratic Republic of the CongoCongo-Léopoldville[27]
Kenya[25]
France[28]

Stalemate[29]
Invasion of Uganda

(1972)[30]

 Uganda
 Libya
PalestinePalestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

Ugandan rebels

  • People's Army
  • UPC supporters

Tanzania

Ugandan government victory
  • Invasion by Obote loyalists repelled
Lebanese Civil War

(1976)

Arab LeagueADFLFWithdrawal
  • Libyan forces essentially abandoned[31]
  • Eventual termination of ADF mandate

Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977-2011)

[edit]
ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Results
Egyptian–Libyan War

(1977)

Libya

EgyptEgyptCeasefire
Uganda–Tanzania War

(1978–1979)

 Uganda
 Libya
 Palestine Liberation Organization
Supported by:
Pakistan
Saudi Arabia

Tanzania
 Uganda National Liberation Front Mozambique
Supported by:
Zambia
 Angola
 Ethiopia
Algeria		Tanzanian victory
Chadian–Libyan conflict

(1978–1987)

Libya

Pro-Libyan Chadian factions

Pro-Libyan Palestinian and Lebanese groups[33]

Anti-Libyan Chadian factions

  • FAT (1978–1979)
  • FAN (1978–1983)
  • FANT (1983–1987)
  • GUNT (1986–1987)

France
Inter-African Force

NFSL

Supported by:
Defeat
United States bombing of Libya

(1986)

LibyaLibya

United States

Both sides claimed victory[40]
Second Sudanese Civil War

(1986–1988)

SudanSudan

SSDF
SPLA dissidents

Nuer White Army
Uganda Ugandan insurgents:

Iraq[b]
China[c]

Combat aid:
Libya(1986–1991)[49][50]

Non-combat aid:
Iran[51]

SPLA

SSLM
NDA
Sudanese Alliance Forces[53]
Anyanya II
Eastern Coalition
Derg(until 1987)[54]
PDR Ethiopia(1987–1988)[54]
Non-combat aid:
Libya(1983–1985)[55][56]
Israel[57]
Cuba(until 1991)[58]

Stalemate
2008 Kufra conflict

(2008)

Libya

Toubou Front for the Salvation of Libya

Victory

State of Libya (2011-present)

[edit]
ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Results
First Libyan Civil War

(2011)

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Minor border clashes:
Tunisia

Supported by:
 Egypt[63][64]

Libyan opposition/NATO victory
War against the Islamic State
(2013–present)		In multiple regions:
In Egypt
In Afghanistan
Ongoing; IS militarily defeated in Iraq, Syria andLibya
  • Airstrikes on IS positions in Iraq, Syria,Libya, Nigeria and Afghanistan
  • Multinational humanitarian efforts
  • Arming and supporting local ground forces
  • Millions of civilians in Iraq and Syria flee their homes, sparking a refugee crisis
  • Terrorist attacks in Paris (Jan 2015 andNov 2015), Brussels (Mar 2016)and many other places
  • Thousands of civilians executed by IS forces in Iraq and Syria
  • IS controlled around 40% of Iraq at its peak in mid-2014[72]
  • IS controlled around 50% of Syria by late May 2015[73][74]
  • Emergence of independently-governed Kurdish regions
  • IS military defeated and lost all of its territory in Libya in December 2017[75][76]
  • Boko Haram loses territory, butits insurgency continues[77]
  • IS controlled 5.67% of Syria's land by November 2017[78] and around 3% of Iraq by October 2017[79]
  • IS loses all territory in Iraq and most territory in Syria in December 2017[80]
  • IS loses all remaining territory in Syria in March 2019[81]
Second Libyan Civil War

(2014–2020)

LibyaHouse of Representatives (Tobruk-based)[82][83]

Wagner Group
(from 2018)
[93][94][95][96][97]
EgyptEgypt[98][99][100]
United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates[98][101][102][103]
RSF[104] (from 2019)
Ba'athist Syria
(2020)[105][106][107]
Hezbollah (allegedly)[108][109]
Israel
(allegedly, denied by LNA)[110][111][112][113][114]
Iran[115]

LibyaGovernment of National Accord (Tripoli-based) (from 2016)

Turkey (2020)[143][144][145]
Syrian oppositionSyrian National Army (from 2019)[146]
YemenPopular Resistance Committees[147][148]
Hamas (LNA claim, denied by Hamas)[149]

LibyaNational Salvation Government
(2014–2017)[165][166]

Support:

Islamic State
(from 2014)[175]

Support:
al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
(2014–2017)[182]
Shura Council of
Benghazi Revolutionaries
(2014–2017)[183][184]
Ceasefire

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^abGheziel, Abla."La politique des deys d'Alger à la veille de la conquête française (1730-1830)." Al-Mawaqif (Revue des études et des recherches sur la société et l'histoire) 6 (2011): 63-74. p.1.“1672, Moulay Ismā'il lance une expédition, espérant conquérir Tlemcen: il est battu. En 1702, le Maroc et Tunis s'associent en une expédition militaire commune contre Alger, Mustapha les affronte et les met en déroute“
  3. ^Joseph Wheelan (21 September 2004).Jefferson's War: America's First War on Terror 1801–1805. PublicAffairs. pp. 128–.ISBN 978-0-7867-4020-8.
  4. ^"Feb 16th, 1804 America & Sicily attack Barbary Coast Pirates | Sicily Journal". 18 February 2020.[self-published source?]
  5. ^Joseph Wheelan (21 September 2004).Jefferson's War: America's First War on Terror 1801–1805. PublicAffairs. pp. 128–.ISBN 978-0-7867-4020-8.
  6. ^Tucker, Spencer C. (2014).The Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Early American Republic, 1783–1812: A Political, Social, and Military History [3 volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO. p. 430.ISBN 978-1-59884-157-2.
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  11. ^abSelf-governance from 1942
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  13. ^ab"The Dhofar Rebellion".countrystudies.us.Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved5 May 2016.
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  16. ^abPoggo (2009), p. 166. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFPoggo2009 (help)
  17. ^abcdefPoggo (2009), p. 1. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFPoggo2009 (help)
  18. ^OBallance 1977, p. 119-120. sfn error: no target: CITEREFOBallance1977 (help)
  19. ^abcdefghPoggo (2009), p. 155. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFPoggo2009 (help)
  20. ^abPoggo (2009), p. 165. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFPoggo2009 (help)
  21. ^Martell (2018), p. 72. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFMartell2018 (help)
  22. ^Martell (2018), pp. 79–82. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFMartell2018 (help)
  23. ^abJohnson, Douglas (2011).The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars: Peace Or Truce. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. pp. 36–37.ISBN 978-1847010292.
  24. ^Leach, Justin (2012).War and Politics in Sudan: Cultural Identities and the Challenges of the Peace Process. I.B.Tauris. p. 178.ISBN 978-1780762272.
  25. ^abcMartell (2018), p. 89. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFMartell2018 (help)
  26. ^Acig.org."Sudan, Civil War since 1955".
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  28. ^Poggo (2009), p. 163. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFPoggo2009 (help)
  29. ^Shinn, David H, "Addis Ababa Agreement: was it destined to fail and are there lessons for the Current Sudan Peace Process?", p. 242
  30. ^Ruzindana, Augustine. "Remembering the Aborted 1972 Invasion by Ugandan Exiles." Daily Monitor. September 14, 2014. Accessed December 31, 2015.
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  32. ^abcdGeoffrey Leslie Simons,Libya and the West: from independence to Lockerbie, Centre for Libyan Studies (Oxford, England). Pg. 57
  33. ^abSeale 1992, p. 289. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSeale1992 (help)
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  38. ^"Les liaisons dangereuses de Habré : l'Irak fait valser les valises (3/5) – Jeune Afrique". 20 July 2015.
  39. ^Geoffrey Leslie Simons,Libya and the West: from independence to Lockerbie, Centre for Libyan Studies (Oxford, England). Pg. 57–58
  40. ^abMartel, William C.Victory in War: Foundations of Modern Military Policy, p. 162. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
  41. ^Frey, B.S. (2004).Dealing with Terrorism: Stick Or Carrot?. Edward Elgar Publishing, Incorporated. p. 28.ISBN 978-1-84542-146-5.
  42. ^Prunier (2004), p. 377. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFPrunier2004 (help)
  43. ^abMartell (2018), p. 137. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFMartell2018 (help)
  44. ^Prunier (2009), p. 82. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFPrunier2009 (help)
  45. ^abLeopold (2001), pp. 99–100. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFLeopold2001 (help)
  46. ^Bassil (2013), pp. 168–169. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFBassil2013 (help)
  47. ^Martell (2018), p. 147. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFMartell2018 (help)
  48. ^abKhalid (2010), p. 348. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFKhalid2010 (help)
  49. ^Dixon, Jeffrey S., and Meredith Reid Sarkees.A Guide to Intra-state Wars an Examination of Civil, Regional, and Intercommunal Wars, 1816–2014, p. 392. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Reference, 2016.
  50. ^Bassil (2013), p. 169. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFBassil2013 (help)
  51. ^Revolutionary Sudan: Hasan Al-Turabi and the Islamist State, 1989–2000 atGoogle Books
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  54. ^abVuylsteke (2018), p. 6. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFVuylsteke2018 (help)
  55. ^Collins, Robert O.Africa's Thirty Years War: Libya, Chad, and the Sudan, 1963–1993, p. 194.: Westview Press, 1999.
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  58. ^"Interview with Yousif Kuwa Mekki".
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  118. ^Bar'el, Zvi (13 April 2019)."Analysis From Bouteflika to Bashir, Powers Shift. But the Second Arab Spring Is Far From Breaking Out".Haaretz. Retrieved15 April 2019.
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  121. ^"'Our Hearts Are Dead.' After 9 Years of Civil War, Libyans Are Tired of Being Pawns in a Geopolitical Game of Chess".Time. 12 February 2020. Retrieved2020-05-25.
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  125. ^"King renews support for Libya's national concord".The Jordan Times. 20 August 2017. Retrieved25 August 2017.
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  127. ^Беларусь увайшла ў спіс найбуйнейшых сусветных экспарцёраў зброіArchived 9 February 2020 at theWayback Machine — Tut.by, 21 лютага 2018
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  129. ^Greece’s Foreign Minister Nikos Dendias Visits Libya, Dendias noted that Haftar’s position is aligned with Greece’s.
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Notes

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  1. ^Some sources variously date the end of the period to c.1979 or F1990, particularlyYemeni unification, the end of theLebanese Civil War, theGulf War or the end of theWestern Sahara War. Some sources say ongoing.
  2. ^Iraqi support for Sudan during the war mostly consisted of weapons shipments;[46] according to the South Sudanese, however, at least one unit of Iraqi paratroopers fought alongside the SAF near Juba. About 200 Iraqi soldiers were allegedly killed, and the site of their remains became known as "Jebel Iraqi".[47] TheInternational Institute for Strategic Studies also stated that Iraqi forces fought alongside Sudanese government troops.[48]
  3. ^Although China was not officially involved in the war, it sent troops to the country in order to protect oil fields and thereby aid the Sudanese military. China also provided Sudan with weaponry.[48]

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^abcdNovember 1942 to May 1943.
  2. ^abcd8–11 November 1942. Vichy officially pursued a policy ofarmed neutrality and conducted military actions against armed incursions from Axis and Allied belligerents. The pledging of allegiance of the Vichy troops in French North Africa to the Allies convinced the Axis that Vichy could not be trusted to continue this policy, so they invaded and occupied the French rump state (Case Anton)

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