Map showing various supernova candidates, most of which are within one kiloparsec from the Solar System[ 1] This is alist of supernova candidates , orstars that are believed to soon becomesupernovae .Type II supernova progenitors include stars with at least 8~10solar masses that are in the final stages of their evolution. Prominent examples of stars in this mass range includeAntares ,Spica ,Gamma Velorum ,[ 2] Mu Cephei , and members of theQuintuplet Cluster .[ 3] Type Ia supernova progenitors arewhite dwarf stars that are close to theChandrasekhar limit of about 1.44 solar masses and are accreting matter from a binary companion star.
The list includes massiveWolf–Rayet stars , which may becomeType Ib/Ic supernovae , particularly oxygen-sequence (Wolf–Rayet WO) stars. As of 2023, most of these candidates are in theMilky Way galaxy; however, five oxygen-sequence Wolf–Rayet stars are also known in other galaxies.
Identifier Epoch J2000 Constellation Distance(light-years )
Spectral class
Evolutionary stage Possible supernovatype
Notes R. A. Dec. Wolf 1130 20h 05m 19.5s [ 4] +54° 26′ 03″[ 4] Cygnus ± 0.02[ 4] M3 + D Main sequence +white dwarf Ia [ 5] 49 Librae 16h 00m 19.61s [ 6] −16° 32′ 00.5″[ 6] Libra ± 0.5F8V + D Main sequence +white dwarf Ia [ 7] NLTT 12758 04h 12m 26.33s −11° 17′ 47.3″ Eridanus [ 8] ± 0.1D + D White dwarf Ia Supernova will occur in 140 billion years[ 9] IK Pegasi 21h 26m 26.7s +19° 22′ 32″ Pegasus ± 1.0[ 10] A8m:/DA White dwarf Ia Supernova will occur in 1.9 billion years[ 11] WD J181058.67+311940.94 18h 10m 58.7s +31° 19′ 40.9″ Hercules [ 12] 160 D + D White dwarf Ia Supernova will occur in 23 billion years[ 13] Sigma Sagittarii (Nunki)18h 55m 15.93s –26° 17′ 48.2″ Sagittarius ± 5B2.5 V Main sequence II Supernova will occur in over 20 million years[ 14] Bellatrix (Gamma Orionis)05h 25m 07.86s +06° 20′ 58.9″ Orion ± 10B2 III Blue Giant II or Ia [ 15] Spica (Alpha Virginis)13h 25m 11.6s −11° 09′ 40.8″ Virgo +14 [ 16] B1 Subgiant [ 17] Acrux (Alpha1 Crucis)12h 26m 35.9s –63° 05′ 56″ Crux ± 20[ 16] B0.5 IV Main sequence (blue dwarf)II [ 18] Acrux (Alpha2 Crucis)12h 26m 36.4s –63° 05′ 58″ Crux ± 20[ 16] B1 V Main sequence (blue dwarf)II [ 18] Zeta Ophiuchi 16h 37m 09.5s −10° 34′ 02″ Ophiuchus ± 6.52[ 1] O9.5V Main sequence (blue dwarf)[ 1] Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis)05h 55m 10.3s +07° 24′ 25″ Orion ~400–500[ 19] M2Iab Red supergiant IIP [ 20] Alpha Lupi 14h 41m 55.8s –47° 23′ 17″ Lupus +12 [ 16] B1.5 Blue giant II [ 17] Antares (Alpha Scorpii)16h 29m 24.5s –26° 25′ 55″ Scorpius +113 [ 16] M1.5Iab-b Red supergiant IIP [ 17] Saiph (Kappa Orionis)05h 47m 45.38884s −09° 40′ 10.5777″ Orion 650 ± 30 B0.5 Ia Blue Supergiant II [ 21] Pi Puppis (Ahadi)07h 17m 08.6s –37° 05′ 51″ Puppis +72 [ 16] K3 Ib Red supergiant II? [ 1] [ 22] S Monocerotis A06h 40m 58.7s +09° 53′ 44″ Monoceros +150 [ 16] O7V Main sequence (blue dwarf)II [ 1] S Monocerotis B06h 40m 58.7s +09° 53′ 44″ Monoceros +150 [ 16] O9.5V Main sequence (blue dwarf)II [ 1] Rigel (Beta Orionis)05h 14m 32.3s –08° 12′ 06″ Orion +30 [ 10] B8Ia Blue supergiant IIn(pec?) [ 23] Gamma2 Velorum A08h 09m 32.0s −47° 20′ 12″ Vela +130 [ 16] WC8 Wolf–Rayet star Ib/Ic [ 24] [ 2] Gamma2 Velorum B08h 09m 32.0s −47° 20′ 12″ Vela +130 [ 16] O7.5III Blue supergiant II [ 25] [ 2] Mintaka Aa1 (Delta Orionis)05h 32m 00.4000s −00° 17′ 56.7424″ Orion 1,200 O9.5II Blue supergiant II [ 26] Alnilam (Epsilon Orionis)05h 36m 12.81s −01° 12′ 06.9″ Orion ± 26B0 Ia Blue supergiant II [ 27] Alnitak Aa (Zeta Orionis)05h 40m 45.5s −01° 56′ 34.3″ Orion ± 180O9.5Iab Blue supergiant [ 28] HD 49798 06h 48m 04.7s −44° 18′ 58″ Puppis ± 46[ 29] sdO5.5/D[ 30] White dwarf Ia Supernova will occur in a few tens of thousands of years[ 31] [ 32] 119 Tauri 05h 32m 12.8s +18° 35′ 40″ Taurus +300 [ 16] M2Iab-Ib Red supergiant IIb [ 1] [ 22] Deneb (Alpha Cygni)20h 41m 25.9s +45° 16′ 49″ Cygnus ± 215[ 1] A2la Blue supergiant IIL [ 1] T Coronae Borealis 15h 59m 30.2s +25° 55′ 13″ Corona Borealis +110 [ 10] M3III/D White dwarf Ia [ 33] KPD 1930+2752 19h 32m 14.9s +27° 58′ 35″ Cygnus +130 [ 10] sdB/D White dwarf Ia [ nb 1] [ 34] [ 35] Mu Cephei 21h 43m 30.5s +58° 46′ 48″ Cepheus +456 [ 36] M2Ia Red hypergiant IIn/IIb [ 37] Rho Cassiopeiae 23h 54m 23.0s +57° 29′ 58″ Cassiopeia +930 [ 10] G2Ia0e Yellow hypergiant IIL [ 38] VY Canis Majoris 07h 22m 58.3s −25° 46′ 03″ Canis Major +420 [ 39] M5eIa Red hypergiant II [ 20] [ 40] IRAS 17163-3907 17h 19m 49.3s −39° 10′ 37.9″ Scorpius +990 [ 10] late B/early A Yellow hypergiant II [ 41] Wray 17-96 17h 41m 35.4s –30° 06′ 39″ Scorpius +1,110 [ 10] B3 Luminous blue variable VV Cephei A21h 56m 39.1s +63° 37′ 32″ Cepheus 4,900[ 42] M2Iab Red hypergiant [ 1] Mu Sagittarii 18h 13m 14.8s –21° 03′ 32″ Sagittarius 5,100[ 43] B8Iap Blue supergiant [ 44] P Cygni 20h 17m 47.2s +38° 01′ 59″ Cygnus ± 590[ 45] B1Ia+ Luminous blue variable IIb [ 46] HD 168625 18h 21m 19.5s −16° 22′ 26″ Sagittarius +600 [ 10] B6Ia Luminous blue variable II [ 47] NML Cygni 20h 46m 25.6s +40° 06′ 59.4″ Cygnus +420 [ 48] M6I Red hypergiant II [ 49] IRC +10420 19h 26m 48.1s +11° 21′ 17″ Aquila +2,200 [ 10] F8Ia+ Yellow hypergiant IIb [ 50] [ 51] WR 142 20h 21m 44.3s +37° 22′ 31″ Cygnus +290 [ 10] WO2 Wolf–Rayet star Ib/Ic WR 136 20h 12m 06.5s +38° 21′ 18″ Cygnus +500 [ 10] WN6(h)-s Wolf–Rayet star Ic RS Ophiuchi 17h 50m 13.2s –06° 42′ 28″ Ophiuchus +1,000 [ 10] M2III/D White dwarf Ia Eta Carinae 10h 45m 03.6s −59° 41′ 04″ Carina +69 [ 10] LBV/O Luminous blue variable Ib [ 52] [ 53] WR 93b 17h 32m 03.3s −35° 04′ 32″ Scorpius +1,900 [ 10] WO3 Wolf–Rayet star Ib/Ic WR 102 17h 45m 47.5s −26° 10′ 27″ Sagittarius +840 [ 10] WO2 Wolf–Rayet star Ib/Ic HD 179821 19h 13m 58.6s +00° 07′ 32″ Aquila +2,100 [ 10] G5Ia Yellow hypergiant IIL [ 54] [ 55] T Pyxidis 09h 04m 41.5s −32° 22′ 48″ Pyxis +1,700 [ 10] White dwarf Ia [ 56] [ 57] WR 104 18h 02m 04.1s –23° 37′ 41″ Sagittarius +9,200 [ 10] WC9d/OB Wolf–Rayet star Ib/Ic with Grb? [ 58] [ 59] AG Carinae 10h 56m 11.57814s −60° 27′ 12.8107″ Carina ± 1,000LBV (WN11h-A-Ia) Luminous blue variable IIb [ 60] WR 30a 10h 51m 38.9s −60° 56′ 35.2″ Carina +18,500 [ 10] WO4/O5((f)) Wolf–Rayet star Sher 25 11h 15m 07.8s −61° 15′ 17″ Carina +5,200 [ 10] B1.5Iab Blue supergiant [ 61] U Scorpii 16h 22m 30.7s –17° 52′ 42″ Scorpius +68,500 [ 62] White dwarf Ia [ 63] LMC195-1 05h 18m 10.3s −69° 13′ 03″ Dorado [ 10] WO2 Wolf–Rayet star Ib/Ic S Doradus 05h 18m 14.4s −69° 15′ 01″ Dorado LBV Luminous blue variable [ 64] SMC AB8 01h 31m 04.1s −73° 25′ 04″ Hydrus [ 10] WO4/O4 Wolf–Rayet star Ib/Ic DR1 01h 05m 01.6s +02° 04′ 20″ Cetus WO3 Wolf–Rayet star Ib/Ic with Grb? [ 65]
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