The following is alist of stripped Olympic medals. TheInternational Olympic Committee (IOC) is the governing body of theOlympic Games, and as such, can rule athletes to have violated regulations of the Games, for which athletes'Olympic medals can be stripped (i.e., rescinded). Additionally, theCourt of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) has arbitral jurisdiction over all matters related to the Olympic Games and thus also has the power to strip or return medals. Stripped medals must be returned to the IOC by the offending athlete or team, and may only be reinstated by the IOC or CAS.
The vast majority of stripped medals are fordoping infractions. Doping infractions are often discovered well after the fact, and can result in the stripping of medals many years after their award. On rare occasions, medals are stripped for other reasons.
From November 1905 to November 2024, a total of 162 medals have been stripped, with nine medals declared vacant (rather than being reallocated) after being rescinded. The vast majority of these have occurred since 2000 due to improveddrug testing methods, with only 20 stripped medals coming from pre-2000 editions of the Olympic Games.
In the case of team events, the rule was revised in March 2003 so that the IOC can strip medals from a team based on infractions by a single team member.[1] In the table below, for stripped team medals, the athlete(s) in violation are shown in parentheses. The international governing body of each Olympic sport can also strip athletes of medals for infractions of the rules of the sport, though decisions ultimately must be ratified by the IOC.
The majority of medals have been stripped inathletics (54, including 21 gold medals) andweightlifting (52, including 15 gold medals). The country with the most stripped medals isRussia (and Russian associated teams), with 53, more than four times the number of the next highest, and33% of the total.[2] ThePost-Soviet states account for61% of the overall total.
Though no athletes were caught doping at the 1980 Summer Olympics, it has been claimed that athletes had begun usingtestosterone and other drugs for which tests had not yet been developed. A 1989 report by a committee of theAustralian Senate claimed that "there is hardly a medal winner at the Moscow Games, certainly not a gold medal winner...who is not on one sort of drug or another: usually several kinds. The Moscow Games might well have been called the Chemists' Games".[3]
A member of the IOC Medical Commission, Manfred Donike, privately ran additional tests with a new technique for identifying abnormal levels of testosterone by measuring its ratio toepitestosterone inurine. Twenty percent of the specimens he tested, including those from sixteen gold medalists, would have resulted in disciplinary proceedings had the tests been official. The results of Donike's unofficial tests later convinced the IOC to add his new technique to their testing protocols.[4] The first documented case of "blood doping" occurred at the 1980 Summer Olympics as a runner was transfused with two pints of blood before winning medals in the 5000 m and 10,000 m.[5]
Among particular Olympic Games, the2008 Summer Olympics has the most stripped medals, at 50. Among Winter Olympics, the2002 Winter Olympics has the most medals stripped with 13, three quarters of the Winter Olympics total.
All but twelve of the stripped medals involve infractions stemming fromdoping and drug testing:
Jim Thorpe was stripped of his two gold medals by the IOC in 1913, after the IOC learned that Thorpe had taken expense money for playing baseball before the 1912 Games, violating Olympicamateurism rules that had been in place at the time. In 1982, 29 years after his death, the IOC was convinced that the disqualification had been improper, as no protest against Thorpe's eligibility had been brought within the required 30 days, and reinstated Thorpe's medals, with replicas presented to his children.[8]
The Swedish dressage team, which had originally won gold at the 1948 Games, was subsequently disqualified on April 27, 1949 by theFédération Équestre Internationale (FEI) and with the approval of the IOC.Gehnäll Persson had been promoted tolieutenant three weeks before the competition. Just two and a half weeks after the competition, theSwedish army demoted him back tosergeant. According to the regulations at the time, only officers and “gentlemen riders” were eligible to take part, but not non-commissioned officers. Since Persson had only been promoted for the period surrounding the games, this was considered a violation of the rules. The incident led to the FEI modernizing its entry conditions, which were perceived as outdated.[9]
Marika Kilius andHans-Jürgen Bäumler were stripped of their 1964 silver medal in figure skating for similar reasons to Thorpe, but had them reinstated in 1987.[10]
Ingemar Johansson was disqualified from the gold medal fight in the 1952 heavyweight boxing competition after the referee deemed that he was "failing to show fight" to win the three-round match, and was subsequently deemed to have forfeited the minimum silver medal he would have won. Johansson said that he did not throw any punches at his opponent in the first two rounds to tire him out before releasing a barrage of punches in the third. He was eventually presented with his silver medal in 1982.[11]
Ibragim Samadov of the1992 Unified Team was stripped of his bronze medal after he "hurled his bronze medal to the floor" and "stormed off the stage during the awards ceremony."[12]
Ara Abrahamian of Sweden was stripped of his bronze medal in 2008 for similar reasons to Samadov.[13]
In 2010, China was stripped of a team gymnastics bronze medal from 2000 afterDong Fangxiao was found to have been underage at the time of the competition.[14]
In 2022,the women's ski cross event results were revised nine days after the event and a week after the Games had ended, following an appeal byFanny Smith, who was penalized for causing contact during the final. She replacedDaniela Maier for bronze upon the FIS appeal panel decision. The two athletes and their sporting federations later agreed to share third place and Maier's bronze medal was restored.[15][16]
In 2024,Jordan Chiles was initially awarded bronze in thefloor exercise final. Although Chiles's initial score was not high enough to earn a medal, officials adjusted her score following an appeal from Chiles's coach after determining that Chiles's difficulty score should be raised by one-tenth. Chiles's revised score placed her in third place, earning a bronze medal. The Romanian Gymnastics Federation appealed this decision to theCourt of Arbitration for Sport, which ruled that Chiles's coach had made the appeal not within the allowed minute (specifically, four seconds late). In response to the ruling, the International Gymnastics Federation reinstated Chiles's initial score, putting her in fifth place, and reinstated Romanian gymnastAna Bărbosu to third place. On August 11, the International Olympic Committee announced that the bronze medal in the floor exercise would go to Bărbosu, thus leaving Chiles without an individual Olympic medal.[17][18]
Some athletes have had medals taken away from them for different methods of cheating before physically getting on to the medal podium, such as American marathon runnerFrederick Lorz at the1904 Olympics and Swedish horse riderBertil Sandström at the1932 Olympics. These athletes are not included in the list as they were disqualified before physically receiving their medals, and in any case were never guaranteed to win them going in to the final round of competition.[19]
Russian wrestlerBesik Kudukhov failed a drug test in 2016 from a sample taken when he competed in the60 kg freestyle wrestling event at the 2012 Olympics. However, as Kudukhov had died in a car accident three years earlier, his medal was retained.
In the case ofRick DeMont, theUnited States Olympic Committee (USOC) recognized his gold medal performance in the 1972 Summer Olympics in 2001,[20] but only the IOC has the power to restore his medal, and it has, as of 2024, refused to do so. DeMont originally won the gold medal in the 400m freestyle swimming, but theInternational Olympic Committee (IOC) stripped him of his gold medal[21] after his post-race urinalysis tested positive for traces of the banned substanceephedrine contained in his prescription asthma medication, Marax. The positive test also deprived him of a chance at multiple medals, as he was not permitted to swim in any other events at the 1972 Olympics, including the 1,500-meter freestyle for which he was the then-current world record-holder. Before the Olympics, DeMont had properly declared his asthma medications on his medical disclosure forms, but the U.S. Olympic Committee (USOC) had not cleared them with the IOC's medical committee.[22]
This is the list of Olympic medals stripped by the IOC, the governing body of the Olympics.
Stripped team medals are counted once each, regardless of the size of the team stripped or how many team members were disqualified, although a stripped team medal usually entails the return of multiplephysical medals, one per team member.
Unless otherwise indicated by a footnote, a stripped team medal means the entire team in question was disqualified entirely from the event, even if for infractions by a subset of its members.
(X) medal declared vacant (10 medals) – Reasons include prospective medal recipients committing doping offenses outside the Games (5) or not having been tested for drugs at the competition (2); unsportsmanlike behavior that did not occur in the context of competition (2); and judo's structure of two bronze medalists per event (1).
In 2005, theCourt of Arbitration for Sport restored the medals of the remaining five due to the fact that, according to the rules of the time, a team should not be disqualified because of a doping offense of an athlete who did not compete in the finals, but in 2008, Pettigrew admitted to the use of doping from 1997 to 2003, meaning that the team was disqualified.[41][151]
Men have had more medals stripped overall. Men have also had more gold and bronze medals stripped, but women have had more silver medals stripped. However, based on percentages men and women have had medals stripped at similar rates.
Mixed events will be classed in the table below on which gender caused the medal to be stripped. If both genders contribute to the medal being stripped, then it should be added to both tallies. Note that Marion Jones' stripped relay medals are not counted.
A total of 19 different sports have had medals stripped: 13 from the Summer Olympics and 6 from the Winter Olympics. Athletics and weightlifting have had by far the greatest numbers of medals stripped compared to any other sport; consequently, the vast majority of stripped medals are for Summer Olympics sports, with only 17 stripped medals for Winter Olympics sports, of which cross-country skiing has the majority, 9.
^The German team was not disqualified, but with Beerbaum's score excluded, it dropped from gold medalist to bronze medalist.
^The Norwegian team was not disqualified, but with Hansen's score excluded, it dropped from bronze medalist to tenth.
^The CAS ruling explicitly disqualified Valieva and stripped Valieva's medal. The rest of the ROC team was not disqualified, but with Valieva's scores deleted, they were demoted from gold to bronze, and because the ROC itself remains suspended, even the bronze medals have not been awarded.
^During the women's ski cross final, Fanny Smith (SUI) was penalised for interference that automatically demoted her in the final, and filed an appeal. The FIS announced on 26 February 2022 the close proximity of the incident in question with multiple participants resulted in the penalty being rescinded and demoted to an official warning, with results revised. On 13 December 2022, after further consultation with both affected skiers and their federations, the result was changed by the Court of Arbitration for Sport where both competitors in question were awarded duplicate bronze medals.
^abJohnson, William Oscar; Moore, Kenny (October 3, 1988)."The Loser".Sports Illustrated.Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. RetrievedJuly 30, 2012.
^Muñana, Gustavo (8 April 2024)."Poistogova-Guliyev could lose Olympic medal in historic doping case".Insidethegames.biz. Retrieved2024-04-09.Russian athlete Ekaterina Poistogova-Guliyev, 33, will almost certainly be stripped of her silver medal in the 800 metres at the London 2012 Olympic Games. The Russian athletics federation, RusAF, has banned the athlete, who now competes for Turkey, for four years for past doping. The Russian federation cancelled her results from July 2012 to October 2014 after analysing old samples.
^"The ITA welcomes the decision of CAS confirming the sanction of weightlifter Nijat Rahimov for sample swapping".International Testing Agency. 12 Dec 2023. Retrieved1 Feb 2024.CAS confirmed that Nijat Rahimov should be sanctioned with 8 years of ineligibility. The disqualification of all results obtained by the athlete from 15 March 2016 (date of the first evidence of urine substitution) until the provisional suspension imposed on 18 January 2021, which includes the gold medal obtained at the Olympic Games Rio 2016 (Men's 77 kg), was also confirmed.
^Clarey, Christopher (February 13, 1998). "Canadian Gets His Gold Medal Back".The New York Times. p. C2.
^ab"Marion Jones' teammates win back stripped Olympic medals". USA Today. Associated Press. July 17, 2010. Archived fromthe original on 2012-07-31. Retrieved2017-09-03.Thecourt said the IOC and International Association of Athletics Federations rules in 2000 did not allow entire teams to be disqualified because of doping by one athlete.
Russia (RUS)
United States (USA)
Ukraine (UKR)
Belarus (BLR)
Kazakhstan (KAZ)
Bulgaria (BUL)
Turkey (TUR)
China (CHN)
Spain (ESP)
Hungary (HUN)
Uzbekistan (UZB)
Romania (ROM)
Sweden (SWE)
Great Britain (GBR)
Armenia (ARM)
Moldova (MDA)
Germany (GER)
Azerbaijan (AZE)
North Korea (PRK)
Greece (GRE)
Bahrain (BRN)
Canada (CAN)
Ireland (IRL)
Jamaica (JAM)
Poland (POL)
ROC
Cuba (CUB)
Finland (FIN)
Georgia (GEO)
Italy (ITA)
Lithuania (LTU)
Mongolia (MGL)
Kyrgyzstan (KGZ)
Netherlands (NED)
Norway (NOR)
Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR)
Soviet Union (URS)
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