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List of settlements in Illyria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cities in the ancient Balkans
This list isincomplete; you can help byadding missing items.(December 2020)

This is alist of settlements in Illyria founded byIllyrians (southern Illyrians,Dardanians,Pannonians),Liburni,Ancient Greeks and theRoman Empire. A number of cities inIllyria and laterIllyricum were built on the sites or close to the sites of pre-existing Illyrian settlements, though that was not always the case. Some settlements may have a double entry, for example the Ancient GreekPola, RomanPietas Julia, and sometoponyms are reconstructed.

Albania

[edit]

Identified sites

[edit]
Identified places and settlements in Albania.
#Settlement[note 1]HabitationLocationGeographic coordinatesRef.
1Ad AcrocerauniaNearLlogara Pass40°16′52″N19°27′20″E / 40.28111°N 19.45556°E /40.28111; 19.45556 (Ad Acroceraunia)[1]
2Ad QuintumBradashesh41°05′38″N20°00′54″E / 41.09389°N 20.01500°E /41.09389; 20.01500 (Ad Acroceraunia)[2]
3Akrolissos,LissusLezhë41°46′58″N19°38′38″E / 41.78278°N 19.64389°E /41.78278; 19.64389 (Acrolissus)[3]
4AmantiaPloç40°22′37″N19°42′0″E / 40.37694°N 19.70000°E /40.37694; 19.70000 (Amantia)[1]
5AntipatreaBerat40°42′0″N19°57′0″E / 40.70000°N 19.95000°E /40.70000; 19.95000 (Antipatrea)[4]
6ApolloniaPojan40°44′2″N19°27′46″E / 40.73389°N 19.46278°E /40.73389; 19.46278 (Apollonia)[1]
7AulonVlorë40°28′0″N19°29′0″E / 40.46667°N 19.48333°E /40.46667; 19.48333 (Aulon)[5]
8BushatBushat41°58′1″N19°31′59″E / 41.96694°N 19.53306°E /41.96694; 19.53306 (Bushat)[6]
9ByllisHekal40°32′25″N19°44′15″E / 40.54028°N 19.73750°E /40.54028; 19.73750 (Byllis)[7]
10CerjeCerje, Vlorë40°16′11″N19°41′13″E / 40.26972°N 19.68694°E /40.26972; 19.68694 (Cerje)[8]
11DimaleKrotinë40°42′59″N19°47′49″E / 40.71639°N 19.79694°E /40.71639; 19.79694 (Dimale)[9]
12DukatDukat40°15′11″N19°34′02″E / 40.25306°N 19.56722°E /40.25306; 19.56722 (Dukat)[10]
13EpidamnosDurrës41°18′40″N19°26′21″E / 41.31111°N 19.43917°E /41.31111; 19.43917 (Epidamnos)[11]
14GajtanGajtan42°3′23″N19°34′20″E / 42.05639°N 19.57222°E /42.05639; 19.57222 (Gajtan)[12]
15GrunasGrunas42°25′10″N19°46′50″E / 42.41944°N 19.78056°E /42.41944; 19.78056 (Gajtan)[13]
16KaninëKaninë40°26′23″N19°31′8″E / 40.43972°N 19.51889°E /40.43972; 19.51889 (Kaninë)[14]
17KratulKratul42°7′22″N19°34′30″E / 42.12278°N 19.57500°E /42.12278; 19.57500 (Kratul)[12]
18KukësKukës42°4′51″N20°25′12″E / 42.08083°N 20.42000°E /42.08083; 20.42000 (Kukës)
19LofkëndLofkënd40°38′28″N19°44′45″E / 40.64111°N 19.74583°E /40.64111; 19.74583 (Hija e Korbit)[15]
20Hija e KorbitMaliq40°42′30″N20°42′0″E / 40.70833°N 20.70000°E /40.70833; 20.70000 (Hija e Korbit)[16]
21MargëlliçMargëlliç40°40′19″N19°39′40″E / 40.67194°N 19.66111°E /40.67194; 19.66111 (Margëlliç)[14]
22MatMat41°37′1″N20°0′0″E / 41.61694°N 20.00000°E /41.61694; 20.00000 (Mat)
23MatohasanajMatohasanaj40°21′14″N19°49′59″E / 40.35389°N 19.83306°E /40.35389; 19.83306 (Matohasanaj)[17]
24NikaiaKlos40°31′44″N19°45′7″E / 40.52889°N 19.75194°E /40.52889; 19.75194 (Nikaia)[18]
25Nymphaion (sanctuary)Selenicë40°31′59″N19°37′59″E / 40.53306°N 19.63306°E /40.53306; 19.63306 (Nymphaion (sanctuary))[19]
26Nymphaion (harbour)Shëngjin41°48′50″N19°35′39″E / 41.81389°N 19.59417°E /41.81389; 19.59417 (Nymphaion (harbour))[18]
27OlympeMavrovë40°24′32″N19°35′28″E / 40.40889°N 19.59111°E /40.40889; 19.59111 (Olympe)[20]
28OrikonOrikum40°19′23″N19°27′7″E / 40.32306°N 19.45194°E /40.32306; 19.45194 (Orikon)[21]
29PersqopiTirana41°19′44″N19°49′4″E / 41.32889°N 19.81778°E /41.32889; 19.81778 (Persqopi)
30PogradecPogradec40°54′0″N20°39′0″E / 40.90000°N 20.65000°E /40.90000; 20.65000 (Pogradec)[22]
31RabijeRabije40°28′55″N19°56′21″E / 40.48194°N 19.93917°E /40.48194; 19.93917 (Rabije)[23]
32RedonCape of Rodon41°35′2″N19°27′0″E / 41.58389°N 19.45000°E /41.58389; 19.45000 (Redon)
33ScampaElbasan41°6′40″N20°4′51″E / 41.11111°N 20.08083°E /41.11111; 20.08083 (Scampa)
34Selcë e PoshtmeSelcë e Poshtme40°58′59″N20°31′1″E / 40.98306°N 20.51694°E /40.98306; 20.51694 (Selcë e Poshtme)[24]
35ScodraShkodër42°4′1″N19°30′0″E / 42.06694°N 19.50000°E /42.06694; 19.50000 (Scodra)[25]
36TrenTren40°39′58″N21°0′0″E / 40.66611°N 21.00000°E /40.66611; 21.00000 (Tren)[26]
37TriportTriport, Vlorë40°30′05″N19°24′43″E / 40.50139°N 19.41194°E /40.50139; 19.41194 (Triport)[27]
38ZgërdheshZgërdhesh41°28′23″N19°48′54″E / 41.47306°N 19.81500°E /41.47306; 19.81500 (Zgërdhesh)[6]

Unidentified sites

[edit]
SettlementDescriptionProposed locationRef.
AlbanopolisZgërdhesh[28]
BargulumBerat[29]
BassaniaPedhanë orBushat[30]
BoioiOn the shore ofOhrid[31]
Chrysondyon[32]
Creonion[32]
Damastion[33]
EnchelanaeOn the shore ofOhrid,Pogradec Castle[34]
Gertous[32]
KeraxOn the shore ofOhrid[34]
KodrionKalaja e Irmajt nearGramsh Kodras Tac[35]
ParthusBerat[36]
PelionNearOhrid andPrespaPojan Korce[37]
SationOn the shore ofOhrid[31]
SesarethusNearOhrid andPrespa[38]
ThronionTriport, Vlorë;Kaninë[39]
Uscana

Bosnia and Herzegovina

[edit]

Identified sites

[edit]
Identified places and settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
#Settlement[note 1]DescriptionLocationGeographic coordinatesRef.
1ArdubaVranduk44°17′34″N17°54′14″E / 44.29278°N 17.90389°E /44.29278; 17.90389 (Arduba)[40]
2DaorsonNearStolac43°4′59″N17°58′0″E / 43.08306°N 17.96667°E /43.08306; 17.96667 (Daorson)[41]
3DelminiumTomislavgrad43°43′0″N17°14′0″E / 43.71667°N 17.23333°E /43.71667; 17.23333 (Delminium)[42]
4Hedum KastelumBreza44°1′11″N18°15′53″E / 44.01972°N 18.26472°E /44.01972; 18.26472 (Hedum Kastelum)
5OšanjićiOšanjići,Stolac43°5′24″N17°56′24″E / 43.09000°N 17.94000°E /43.09000; 17.94000 (Ošanjići)[43]

Unidentified sites

[edit]
SettlementDescriptionProposed locationRef.
SalviaNearBosansko Grahovo[44]

Croatia

[edit]
See also:Liburnia

Identified sites

[edit]
Identified places and settlements in Croatia.
#SettlementDescriptionLocationGeographic coordinatesRef.
1AenonaNin44°14′0″N15°11′0″E / 44.23333°N 15.18333°E /44.23333; 15.18333 (Aenona)[45]
2AequumNearČitluk43°45′0″N16°38′0″E / 43.75000°N 16.63333°E /43.75000; 16.63333 (Aequum)[46]
3AlvonaLabin45°5′0″N14°7′0″E / 45.08333°N 14.11667°E /45.08333; 14.11667 (Alvona)[47]
4AndetriumMuć43°41′26″N16°29′2″E / 43.69056°N 16.48389°E /43.69056; 16.48389 (Andetrium)[48]
5ApsorusOsor44°42′0″N14°24′0″E / 44.70000°N 14.40000°E /44.70000; 14.40000 (Apsorus)
6ArbaRab44°45′22″N14°45′40″E / 44.75611°N 14.76111°E /44.75611; 14.76111 (Arba)
7ArgyruntumStarigrad44°17′43″N15°26′17″E / 44.29528°N 15.43806°E /44.29528; 15.43806 (Argyruntum)
8AspálathosSplit43°30′36″N16°27′0″E / 43.51000°N 16.45000°E /43.51000; 16.45000 (Aspálathos)[49]
9AsseriaNear Podgrađe44°0′36″N15°40′4″E / 44.01000°N 15.66778°E /44.01000; 15.66778 (Asseria)
10BurnumNearKistanje44°1′5″N16°1′33″E / 44.01806°N 16.02583°E /44.01806; 16.02583 (Burnum)[50]
11ColentumNearBetina43°49′22″N15°36′17″E / 43.82278°N 15.60472°E /43.82278; 15.60472 (Colentum)
12CoriniumNearBenkovac44°06′16″N15°38′01″E / 44.10444°N 15.63361°E /44.10444; 15.63361 (Corinium)[51]
13CrepsaCres44°57′36″N14°24′29″E / 44.96000°N 14.40806°E /44.96000; 14.40806 (Crepsa)
14CuricumKrk45°1′0″N14°34′0″E / 45.01667°N 14.56667°E /45.01667; 14.56667 (Curicum)
15EpetiumStobreč43°29′58″N16°31′20″E / 43.49944°N 16.52222°E /43.49944; 16.52222 (Epetium)[52]
16EpidaurumCavtat42°34′46″N18°13′15″E / 42.57944°N 18.22083°E /42.57944; 18.22083 (Epetium)[53]
17FlanonaPlomin45°8′16″N14°10′51″E / 45.13778°N 14.18083°E /45.13778; 14.18083 (Flanona)[54]
18FulfinumNearOmišalj45°12′42″N14°33′15″E / 45.21167°N 14.55417°E /45.21167; 14.55417 (Corinium)[55]
19Iader or IdassaZadar44°7′10″N15°13′55″E / 44.11944°N 15.23194°E /44.11944; 15.23194 (Iader)
20IssaVis43°4′0″N16°11′0″E / 43.06667°N 16.18333°E /43.06667; 16.18333 (Issa)[56]
21LopsicaSveti Juraj44°55′32″N14°55′8″E / 44.92556°N 14.91889°E /44.92556; 14.91889 (Lopsica)
22LumbardaLumbarda42°55′19″N17°10′12″E / 42.92194°N 17.17000°E /42.92194; 17.17000 (Lumbarda)[57]
23Melaina KorkyraKorčula42°57′0″N17°7′0″E / 42.95000°N 17.11667°E /42.95000; 17.11667 (Melaina Korkyra)[56]
24MursaOsijek45°33′20″N18°41′40″E / 45.55556°N 18.69444°E /45.55556; 18.69444 (Mursa)
25NaronaMomići43°04′49.9″N17°37′30.6″E / 43.080528°N 17.625167°E /43.080528; 17.625167 (Narona)[58][59]
26NedinumNadin44°4′27″N15°29′53″E / 44.07417°N 15.49806°E /44.07417; 15.49806 (Nedinum)
27NesactiumNesactium44°55′0″N13°58′11″E / 44.91667°N 13.96972°E /44.91667; 13.96972 (Nesactium)[60]
28PharosHvar43°8′0″N16°44′0″E / 43.13333°N 16.73333°E /43.13333; 16.73333 (Pharos)[61]
29PolaPula44°52′0″N13°51′0″E / 44.86667°N 13.85000°E /44.86667; 13.85000 (Pola)[56]
30PortunataNovalja44°33′0″N14°53′0″E / 44.55000°N 14.88333°E /44.55000; 14.88333 (Portunata)
31PromonaTepljuh43°54′0″N16°12′0″E / 43.90000°N 16.20000°E /43.90000; 16.20000 (Promona)[62]
32SalonaSolin43°32′22″N16°28′59″E / 43.53944°N 16.48306°E /43.53944; 16.48306 (Salona)[63][64]
33SeniaSenj44°59′25″N14°54′11″E / 44.99028°N 14.90306°E /44.99028; 14.90306 (Senia)
34TiluriumNearTrilj43°36′41″N16°42′57″E / 43.61139°N 16.71583°E /43.61139; 16.71583 (Tilurium)[44]
35Tragurion or TragoriumTrogir43°31′1″N16°15′5″E / 43.51694°N 16.25139°E /43.51694; 16.25139 (Tragurion)[65]
36VarvariaBribir43°44′0″N15°51′0″E / 43.73333°N 15.85000°E /43.73333; 15.85000 (Varvaria)

Unidentified sites

[edit]
SettlementDescriptionProposed locationRef.
NaresteNearOmiš[66]
OneumOmiš[66]
PituntiumPodstrana[66]
SalonianaImotski
SetoviaSinj[44]
TarionaNearGrebaštica[67]

Kosovo

[edit]
See also:Dardania
Further information:Roman heritage in Kosovo

Identified sites

[edit]
Identified places and settlements in Kosovo.
#Settlement[note 1]DescriptionLocationGeographic coordinatesRef.
1Municipium DardanorumSoqanicë43°3′17″N20°48′36″E / 43.05472°N 20.81000°E /43.05472; 20.81000 (Municipium Dardanorum)[68]
2RomajëRomajë42°17′31″N20°35′34″E / 42.29194°N 20.59278°E /42.29194; 20.59278 (Romajë)[69]
3BusavatëBusavatë42°34′49″N21°32′36″E / 42.58028°N 21.54333°E /42.58028; 21.54333 (Busavatë)[70]
4UlpianaUlpiana42°35′47″N21°10′31″E / 42.59639°N 21.17528°E /42.59639; 21.17528 (Municipium Dardanorum)[71]
5VindenisGllamnik42°51′58″N21°10′59″E / 42.86611°N 21.18306°E /42.86611; 21.18306 (Vindenis)[72]
6VlashnjëVlashnjë42°12′09″N20°39′45″E / 42.20250°N 20.66250°E /42.20250; 20.66250 (Vlashnjë)
7TopanicëTopanicë42°31′25″N21°38′23″E / 42.52361°N 21.63972°E /42.52361; 21.63972 (Topanicë)[73]
8DubovcDubovc42°46′37″N20°54′37″E / 42.77694°N 20.91028°E /42.77694; 20.91028 (Dubovc)[74]
9Dardana FortressKamenica42°35′33″N21°33′49″E / 42.59250°N 21.56361°E /42.59250; 21.56361 (Dardana Fortress)[75]

Unidentified sites

[edit]
SettlementDescriptionProposed locationRef.
TherandaSuhareka orPrizren
SiparantumAchievedmunicipium status during Roman occupationPeja
CërrnicaDestroyed by Celtic raids in 279 BCNearGjilan

Montenegro

[edit]

Identified sites

[edit]
Identified places and settlements in Montenegro.
#Settlement[note 1]DescriptionLocationGeographic coordinatesRef.
1AcruviumKotor42°25′48″N18°46′12″E / 42.43000°N 18.77000°E /42.43000; 18.77000 (Acruvium)[76]
2Anderba, EnderonNikšić42°46′40″N18°57′00″E / 42.77778°N 18.95000°E /42.77778; 18.95000 (Anderba)[77]
3ButhoeBudva42°17′16″N18°50′35″E / 42.28778°N 18.84306°E /42.28778; 18.84306 (Buthoe)[6]
4DocleaPodgorica42°28′5″N19°15′54″E / 42.46806°N 19.26500°E /42.46806; 19.26500 (Doclea)[6]
5GostiljGostilj42°29′13″N18°41′56″E / 42.48694°N 18.69889°E /42.48694; 18.69889 (Gostilj)
6MeteonMedun42°28′23″N19°21′43″E / 42.47306°N 19.36194°E /42.47306; 19.36194 (Meteon)[6]
7OblunOblun42°22′59″N19°08′13″E / 42.38306°N 19.13694°E /42.38306; 19.13694[6]
8PerastPerast42°29′13″N18°41′56″E / 42.48694°N 18.69889°E /42.48694; 18.69889 (Perast)
9RhizonRisan42°30′54″N18°41′21″E / 42.51500°N 18.68917°E /42.51500; 18.68917 (Rhizon)[6]
10SamoborSamobor42°18′44″N19°21′53″E / 42.31222°N 19.36472°E /42.31222; 19.36472[6]
11Stara GradinaStara Gradina42°49′41″N19°17′13″E / 42.82806°N 19.28694°E /42.82806; 19.28694[6]
12UlkinionUlcinj41°55′12″N19°12′0″E / 41.92000°N 19.20000°E /41.92000; 19.20000 (Ulkinion)[6]

Unidentified sites

[edit]
SettlementDescriptionProposed locationRef.
LontodoclaAlong theZeta River[77]

North Macedonia

[edit]

Identified sites

[edit]
Identified places and settlements in North Macedonia.
#Settlement[note 1]DescriptionLocationGeographic coordinatesRef.
1LychnidosOhrid41°7′0″N20°48′0″E / 41.11667°N 20.80000°E /41.11667; 20.80000 (Lychnidos)
2Oaeneon, OaeneumTetovo42°0′0″N20°58′0″E / 42.00000°N 20.96667°E /42.00000; 20.96667 (Oaeneon)
3ScupiSkopje42°0′59″N21°23′31″E / 42.01639°N 21.39194°E /42.01639; 21.39194 (Scupi)[78]
4TrebeništaTrebeništa, Debarca41°12′23″N20°45′18″E / 41.20639°N 20.75500°E /41.20639; 20.75500 (Trebeništa)[79]

Unidentified sites

[edit]
SettlementDescriptionProposed locationRef.
Damastion

Serbia

[edit]

Identified sites

[edit]
#Settlement[note 1]DescriptionLocationGeographic coordinatesRef.
1Navissos, NaissusNiš43°19′16″N21°53′44″E / 43.32111°N 21.89556°E /43.32111; 21.89556 (Navissos)[80][81]

Unidentified sites

[edit]
SettlementDescriptionProposed locationRef.
Damastion

Illyrian settlements

[edit]

Liburnian cities

[edit]

Venetic cities

[edit]

Roman cities

[edit]

A very small part of theRoman province of Italia included Istria.

Mislocated

[edit]
  • Thermidava, placed by Ptolemy on theLissus-Naissus route. The toponym is most probably a misreading of a settlement which most scholars in contemporary research locate near present-dayBanat, Serbia.[94]
  • Quemedava mentioned by Procopius in Dardania.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abcdefItalics: the ancient names are unattested.

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcWilkes 2000, p. 750.
  2. ^de Matteis 2017, p. 12
  3. ^Wilkes 2000, pp. 750, 753;Shpuza 2014, p. 106.
  4. ^Cabanes 2008, p. 35;Mesihović & Šačić 2015, p. 47;Zindel et al. 2018, pp. 278, 280.
  5. ^Wilkes 2000, p. 751;Papadopoulos 2016, p. 437.
  6. ^abcdefghijShpuza 2017, p. 42;Shpuza & Dyczek 2019, p. 101;Lemke, Shpuza & Wojciechowski 2021, p. 1.
  7. ^Wilkes 2000, p. 751.
  8. ^Ceka & Ceka 2017, p. 491;Çipa 2020, p. 216.
  9. ^Wilkes 2000, p. 752;Muka & Heinzelmann 2014, p. 223.
  10. ^Shpuza 2022, p. 553;Bodinaku 2001, pp. 97–100.
  11. ^Wilkes 2000, p. 752.
  12. ^abShpuza 2014, p. 106.
  13. ^Tafilica, Baze & Lafe 2023, p. 70.
  14. ^abCeka & Ceka 2017, p. 492;Çipa 2020, p. 216.
  15. ^Bejko et al. 2015, p. 4;Zindel et al. 2018, pp. 375–376.
  16. ^Zindel et al. 2018, pp. 375–376.
  17. ^Ceka & Ceka 2017, p. 490.
  18. ^abWilkes 2000, p. 754.
  19. ^Wilkes 2000, p. 754;Bejko et al. 2015, p. 4;Papadopoulos 2016, p. 440;Larson 2001, p. 162.
  20. ^Zindel et al. 2018, p. 332
  21. ^Shpuza 2022, p. 553;Wilkes 2000, p. 754;Papadopoulos 2016, p. 437.
  22. ^Doka & Qiriazi 2022, p. 241.
  23. ^Ceka 2012, pp. 59–60.
  24. ^Wilkes 2000, p. 755;Zindel et al. 2018, p. 401.
  25. ^Wilkes 2000, p. 755;Shpuza 2017, p. 42.
  26. ^Wilkes 1992, p. 18.
  27. ^Volpe et al. 2014, p. 300;Bereti 1993, p. 143.
  28. ^Wilkes 2000, p. 750;Shpuza 2017, p. 42.
  29. ^Ceka 2009, p. 17
  30. ^Šašel Kos 2005, p. 286;Nauka W Polsce 2018.
  31. ^abJaupaj 2019, p. 75.
  32. ^abcCabanes 2008, p. 35;Mesihović & Šačić 2015, p. 47.
  33. ^Wilkes 1992, p. 223;Wilkes & Fischer-Hansen 2004.
  34. ^abJaupaj 2019, pp. 74–75;Doka & Qiriazi 2022, p. 241.
  35. ^Morton 2017, p. 37
  36. ^Ceka 2009, p. 7;Šašel Kos 2005, p. 282.
  37. ^Winnifrith 2002, p. 282;Cabanes 2008, p. 35;Mesihović & Šačić 2015, p. 47.
  38. ^Ujes 2002, p. 106.
  39. ^Volpe et al. 2014, p. 300;Cabanes 2008, p. 171;Bereti 1993, p. 143;Wilkes 2000, p. 758;Papadopoulos 2016, p. 439.
  40. ^Stipčević, Aleksandar, The Illyrians-History and Culture, 1974, Noyess Press
  41. ^Dalmatia: research in the Roman province 1970-2001: papers in honour of J. J. Wilkes by David Davison, Vincent L. Gaffney, Emilio Marin, 2006, page 21, "completely Hellenised town."
  42. ^Wilkes 1992, p. 188
  43. ^Boško 2011, p. 177.
  44. ^abcWilkes 1992, p. 190.
  45. ^S. Čače, Broj liburnskih općina i vjerodostojnost Plinija(Nat. hist. 3, 130; 139–141), Radovi Filozofskog fakulteta u Zadru, 32, Zadar 1993., pages 1–36
  46. ^The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (eds. Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAllister), " AEQUUM (Čitluk) Croatia, Yugoslavia. The Roman Colonia Claudia Aequum was situated 6 km N of Sinj. It was founded by the emperor Claudius sometime after AD 45 and settled with the veterans of Legio VII when they left the neighboring camp at Tilurium for Moesia."
  47. ^Dalmatia by J. J. Wilkes, 1969, page 194, "By the early years of Augustus the inhabitants of Alvona the Alutrenses..."
  48. ^Šašel Kos & Kos 2020: "Andetrium".
  49. ^Wilkes 1992, p. 100.
  50. ^The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (eds. Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAllister), "BURNUM (Ivoševci by Kistanje) Croatia, Yugoslavia.The military camp of Legio XI Claudia Pia Fidelis situated over the gorge of the Krka (Titius) river just opposite the Dalmatian hill fort on the E river bank..."
  51. ^Šašel Kos & Kos 2017, Places: 197225 (Corinium); Bagendon: a Belgic oppidum: a record of the excavations of 1954–56 – page 1 byElsie M. Clifford – 1961 – "Chapter I the Bagendon Site the Identification of Corinium ... and was therefore called by the Roman Corinium"
  52. ^Boršić, Džino & Radić Rossi 2021, pp. 19, 21
  53. ^Wilkes 1992, p. 216
  54. ^Dalmatia by J. J. Wilkes, 1969, page 195, "At Flavona the native population was well established and stood up better to the effects of Italian settlement in the first century..."
  55. ^Šašel Kos & Kos 2019, Places: 197280 (Fulfinium/Fertinium); The archaeology of Roman towns: studies in honour of John S. Wacher,ISBN 1-84217-103-8, page 235, by J. S. Wacher, Peter R. Wilson, 2003, "The reward was the status of Roman colony and an infusion of new settlers,granted either by Caesar himself [...] at Fulfinium and in the south on the"
  56. ^abcWilkes & Fischer-Hansen 2004.
  57. ^Boršić, Džino & Radić Rossi 2021, pp. 19, 20
  58. ^OxfordJournal, "There had been an emporion or trading post on the site from the 2nd century BC, Pola, now Pietas Julia..."
  59. ^The Roman army, 31 BC-AD 337: a sourcebook – page 215 by J. B. Campbell,ISBN 0-415-07173-9, 1994, "The civilian colony of Narona had been founded at the end of Caesar's dictatorship..."
  60. ^Wilkes 1992, p. 183.
  61. ^Wilkes 1992, p. 114.
  62. ^Wilkes 1992, p. 197.
  63. ^Excavations at Salona, Yugoslavia, 1969–1972: conducted for the Department of Classics, Douglass College, Rutg, by Christoph W. Clairmont, 1975,ISBN 0-8155-5040-5, page 4, "If we are correct in our interpretation of the earliest finds from Salona, the emporion, even if very small, was a settlement in a strategic position..."
  64. ^The Cambridge ancient history, Volume 10 by Alan K. Bowman, Edward Champlin,Andrew Lintott, page 845, "The colony of Salona on the Dalmatian coast used almost identical formulae in dedicating an altar of Jupiter Optimus Maximus..."
  65. ^Croatia, 2nd: The Bradt Travel Guide Croatiaby Piers Letcher, 2005,ISBN 1-84162-113-7, page 225, "... History Trogir started out in the 3rd century BC; as Tragurion, an offshoot of the Greek colony of Issa (on Vis), ..."
  66. ^abcDalmatia by J. J. Wilkes, 1969, page 227, "In this area were three small communities of the Delmatae Pituntium(Podstrana) Nareste(Jenesice) and Oneum (Omis)..."
  67. ^Miletić 2008, p. 61;Catani 2008, p. 77.
  68. ^Wilkes 1992, p. 258.
  69. ^Schermer, Shukriu & Deskaj 2011, p. 236.
  70. ^Alaj 2019, p. 41.
  71. ^The Roman army as a community: including papers of a conference held at ...byAdrian Keith Goldsworthy, Ian Haynes, Colin E. P. Adams,ISBN 1-887829-34-2, 1997, page 100
  72. ^Fjalor enciklopedik shqiptar, Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë, Tiranë, 2009, fq. 2870 – 2871.ISBN 978-99956-10-32-6.
  73. ^Alaj 2019, p. 51.
  74. ^Alaj 2019, p. 65.
  75. ^Alaj 2019, p. 91.
  76. ^abcWilkes 1992, p. 213.
  77. ^abWilkes 1996, p. 577.
  78. ^The Roman army as a community: including papers of a conference held at ...by Adrian Keith Goldsworthy, Ian Haynes, Colin E. P. Adams,ISBN 1-887829-34-2, 1997, page 39, "...the colony at Scupi which lost its original title Domitiana after Domitians death..."
  79. ^Theodossiev 1998, pp. 347–348.
  80. ^"Nis, Britanica".Archived from the original on 2008-10-13. Retrieved2009-08-25.
  81. ^The central Balkan tribes in pre-Roman times: Triballi, Autariatae ...by Fanula Papazoglu, 1978, page 198, "... the Peutinger Table marks 40 miles from Naissus, on the Naissus-founded by Auielian..."
  82. ^The classical gazetteer: a dictionary of ancient geography, sacred and profane by William Hazlitt, 1851, "Epicaria a town of the Cavii in Illyria."
  83. ^The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 8: Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 BC by A. E. Astin,ISBN 0-521-23448-4, 1990, page 92
  84. ^Dalmatia by J. J. Wilkes, 1969, page 216, "Little is known about Sidrona the city of the Sidrini."
  85. ^abcdPliny's Natural History, Book 3, (C. Plinii Secundi Naturalis Historiæ, Liber III), Chap. 23. (19.) – Istria, Its People and Locality."In this district there have disappeared—upon the coast—Iramene, Pellaon, and Palsatium, Atina and Cælina belonging to the Veneti "
  86. ^Talbert, Richard J. A. (8 October 2000).Barrington atlas. Princeton University Press.ISBN 0691049459.Archived from the original on 2016-10-12. Retrieved2016-10-04.
  87. ^Titi Livi. Weissenborn, W. (ed.)."Corragum".Ab urbe condita, Index. Perseus Digital Library.Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved2010-02-23.
  88. ^abSmith, William, ed. (1854)."MARU´SIUM".Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Perseus Digital Library.Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved2010-02-23.
  89. ^abc"Book II, Chapter 15".Ptolemy's Geography. LacusCurtius.Archived from the original on 4 May 2024.
  90. ^Dalmatia: research in the Roman province 1970–2001: papers in honour of J.J, page 108, by David Davison, Vincent L. Gaffney, J. J. Wilkes, Emilio Marin,ISBN 1-84171-790-8, 2006, "For instance, the town walls of Arba were constructed under Augustus..."
  91. ^The archaeology of Roman towns: studies in honour of John S. Wacher, page 237, by J. S. Wacher, Peter R. Wilson,ISBN 1-84217-103-8, 2003, "Roman island towns in Liburnia were Arba..."
  92. ^Roman life and manners under the early Empire – page 302 – by Ludwig Friedlaender – 1965, "Claudius settled veterans at Cumae, Cologne, Sicum in Dalmatia, Camulodunum in Britain, ..."
  93. ^The central Balkan tribes in pre-Roman times: Triballi, Autariatae ... by Fanula Papazoglu, 1978, page 250, "Town in the interior of Dalmatia, located between Scodra and Siparuntum."
  94. ^Lepper 1988, p. 138:Stuart Jones noted the Dacian - sounding place - name ' Thermidava ' on the Lissus Naissus road : but see Miller col . 557, for the evidence on this. The place was most probably called ' Theranda ' and there is no evidence for any settlement there of pro-Roman Dacians now, nor is it very likely. (..) Most scholars, however, have supposed, as did Cichorius, that we are now north of the Danube, somewhere in the Banat area where the local inhabitants are frightened that they may lose their recently acquired 'liberty'.

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