Scandentia is anorder of smallmammals. Members of this order are called scandentians, or treeshrews. They are primarily found in Southeast Asia, with theMadras treeshrew instead in mainland India. They range in size from theBornean smooth-tailed treeshrew, at 11 cm (4 in) plus a 9 cm (4 in) tail, to thestriped treeshrew, at 23 cm (9 in) plus a 13 cm (5 in) tail. They generally live in forests, and primarily eat insects and fruit. No population estimates have been made for any scandentian species, though theNicobar treeshrew is categorized asendangered.

The twenty-threeextant species of Scandentia are grouped into twofamilies:Tupaiidae, which contains twenty-two species within threegenera, andPtilocercidae, which contains a single species, thepen-tailed treeshrew. Only a few extinct scandentian species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.^[1]

Theauthor citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow theInternational Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the scandentian's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by adagger symbol "†".

The order Scandentia consists of twofamilies:Tupaiidae, which contains twenty-two species within threegenera, andPtilocercidae, which contains a single species. Many of these species are further subdivided into subspecies. This does not includehybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described byMammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since usingmolecular phylogenetic analysis.^[2]

GenusPtilocercus –Gray, 1848 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Pen-tailed treeshrew	P. lowii Gray, 1848 Two subspecies P. l. continentis P. l. lowii	Southeast Asia	Size: 13–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 16–19 cm (6–7 in) tail[3] Habitat: Forest[4] Diet: Insects and fruit[3]	LC  Unknown[4]

GenusAnathana –Lyon, 1913 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Madras treeshrew	A. ellioti (Waterhouse, 1850)	India	Size: 16–19 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 16–20 cm (6–8 in) tail[5] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[6] Diet: Insects, other invertebrates, and fruit[5]	LC  Unknown[6]

GenusDendrogale –Gray, 1848 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bornean smooth-tailed treeshrew	D. melanura (Thomas, 1892) Two subspecies D. m. baluensis D. m. melanura	NorthernBorneo	Size: 11–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 9–14 cm (4–6 in) tail[7] Habitat: Forest[8] Diet: Fruit and insects[9]	DD  Unknown[8]
Northern smooth-tailed treeshrew	D. murina (Schlegel,Müller, 1843)	Mainland Southeast Asia	Size: About 12 cm (5 in) long, plus 4–5 cm (2 in) tail[10] Habitat: Forest[11] Diet: Fruit, arthropods, and small vertebrates[10]	LC  Unknown[11]

GenusTupaia –Raffles, 1821 – nineteen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bangka Island treeshrew	T. discolor Lyon, 1906	Bangka Island, Indonesia	Size: 13–21 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 12–20 cm (5–8 in) tail[12] Habitat: Unknown[13] Diet: Fruit and insects[14]	DD  Unknown[13]
Common treeshrew	T. glis (Diard, 1820)	Southeast Asia	Size: 13–21 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 12–20 cm (5–8 in) tail[12] Habitat: Forest[15] Diet: Insects, other arthropods, and fruit[12]	LC  Unknown[15]
Golden-bellied treeshrew	T. chrysogaster Miller, 1903	Mentawai Islands, Indonesia	Size: 12–21 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail[16] Habitat: Forest[17] Diet: Fruit and insects[14]	VU  Unknown[17]
Horsfield's treeshrew	T. javanica Horsfield, 1822	Western Indonesia	Size: 12–21 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail[16] Habitat: Forest[18] Diet: Fruit and insects[14]	LC  Unknown[18]
Javan treeshrew	T. hypochrysa Thomas, 1895	Java, Indonesia	Size: 13–21 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 12–20 cm (5–8 in) tail[12] Habitat: Unknown[19] Diet: Fruit and insects[14]	DD  Unknown[19]
Kalimantan treeshrew	T. salatana Lyon, 1913	Southern Borneo, Indonesia	Size: 12–21 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail[16] Habitat: Forest[20] Diet: Termites and ants[20]	DD  Unknown[20]
Large treeshrew	T. tana Raffles, 1821 Fifteen subspecies T. t. banguei T. t. besara T. t. bunoae T. t. cervicalis T. t. chrysura T. t. kelabit T. t. kretami T. t. lingae T. t. masae T. t. nitida T. t. paitana T. t. sirhassenensis T. t. speciosa T. t. tana T. t. utara	Southeast Asia	Size: About 22 cm (9 in) long, plus 17 cm (7 in) tail[16] Habitat: Forest[21] Diet: Insects and other invertebrates, as well as fruit[22]	LC  Unknown[21]
Long-footed treeshrew	T. longipes Thomas, 1893	Borneo	Size: 12–21 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail[16] Habitat: Forest[23] Diet: Fruit and insects[14]	LC  Unknown[23]
Mindanao treeshrew	T. everetti Thomas, 1892	Mindanao, Philippines	Size: 17–22 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 11–18 cm (4–7 in) tail[24] Habitat: Forest[25] Diet: Small animals, insects, fruit, vegetables, and eggs[24]	LC  Unknown[25]
Mountain treeshrew	T. montana Thomas, 1892 Two subspecies T. m. baluensis T. m. montana	Northern Borneo	Size: About 20 cm (8 in) long, plus 18 cm (7 in) tail[26] Habitat: Forest[27] Diet: Omnivorous[28]	LC  Unknown[27]
Nicobar treeshrew	T. nicobarica (Zelebor, 1869) Two subspecies T. n. nicobarica T. n. surda	Nicobar Islands, India	Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 18 cm (7 in) tail[29] Habitat: Forest[30] Diet: Insects as well as fruit[14]	EN  Unknown[30]
Northern treeshrew	T. belangeri (Wagner, 1841) Two subspecies T. b. belangeri T. b. chinensis	Southeast Asia	Size: 12–21 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail[31] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[32] Diet: Insects as well as fruit[31]	LC  Unknown[32]
Painted treeshrew	T. picta Thomas, 1892 Two subspecies T. p. fuscior T. p. picta	Borneo	Size: About 21 cm (8 in) long, plus 15 cm (6 in) tail[33] Habitat: Forest[34] Diet: Fruit and insects[14]	LC  Unknown[34]
Palawan treeshrew	T. palawanensis Thomas, 1894	Palawan, Philippines	Size: 12–21 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail[16] Habitat: Forest[35] Diet: Insects and fruit[28]	LC  Unknown[35]
Pygmy treeshrew	T. minor Günther, 1876 Four subspecies T. m. humeralis T. m. malaccana T. m. minor T. m. sincipis	Southeast Asia	Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–17 cm (5–7 in) tail[36] Habitat: Forest[37] Diet: Small animals, fruit leaves, seeds, and carrion[36]	LC  Unknown[37]
Ruddy treeshrew	T. splendidula Gray, 1865 Five subspecies T. s. carimatae T. s. lucida T. s. natunae T. s. riabus T. s. splendidula	Southern Borneo	Size: About 18 cm (7 in) long, plus 14 cm (6 in) tail[33] Habitat: Forest[38] Diet: Fruit and insects[14]	LC  Unknown[38]
Slender treeshrew	T. gracilis Thomas, 1893 Three subspecies T. g. edarata T. g. gracilis T. g. inflata	Borneo and nearby islands	Size: 12–21 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail[16] Habitat: Forest[39] Diet: Fruit and insects[14]	LC  Unknown[39]
Striped treeshrew	T. dorsalis Schlegel, 1857	Borneo	Size: 14–23 cm (6–9 in) long, plus 10–13 cm (4–5 in) tail[40] Habitat: Forest[41] Diet: Insects, fruit, seeds, and leaves[40]	DD  Unknown[41]
Sumatran treeshrew	T. ferruginea Raffles, 1821	Sumatra andTanahbala, Indonesia	Size: 13–21 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 12–20 cm (5–8 in) tail[12] Habitat: Unknown[42] Diet: Fruit and insects[14]	DD  Unknown[42]

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