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List of proposed space telescopes

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This list contains proposals forspace telescopes, space-based (situated in space)astronomical observatories. It is a list of past and present space observatory plans, concepts, and proposals. For observatories in orbit, seelist of space telescopes. Unlike that list, this one includes concepts and proposals that are unlikely ever to be launched, as they may have been cancelled or were only proposals.

Space observatories under development

[edit]
NameAgencyTypeProposed
launch date		StatusProposed locationRef(s)
TOLIMANNASAvisible2026under constructionLow Earth orbit[1]
XuntianCNSAultraviolet, visible, infrared2026under constructionLow Earth orbit[2]
PLATOESAvisible2026under constructionSun-Earth L2 Lagrange point
ULTRASATISAultraviolet2026Geosynchronous orbit[3]
Nancy Grace Roman Space TelescopeNASAinfraredOctober 2026-May 2027confirmed and named 2020Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point[4][5]
Compton Spectrometer and ImagerNASAgamma ray2027Low Earth orbit[6]
ARIELESAvisible, infrared2029Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point[7]
Spektr-UV (WSO-UV)Roscosmosultraviolet2030fundedGeosynchronous orbit[8][9]
UVEXNASAultraviolet2030Highly elliptical orbit[10]
LiteBIRDJAXAmillimeter radio2032Approved for developmentSun-Earth L2 Lagrange point[11][12]
AXIS (Advanced X-Ray Imaging Satellite)NASAX-Ray2032early planningLow Earth orbit

[13]

PRIMA (PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics)NASAfar-infrared2032early planningSun-Earth L2 Lagrange point[14]
TaijiCNSA/CASgravitational waves2033phase 1 of 3-phase development completedHeliocentric orbit[15][16]
Advanced Telescope for High Energy AstrophysicsESAx-ray2035Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point[17]
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA)ESAgravitational waves2037Approved for developmentSolarEarth-trailing orbit (approx. 1AU)[18]
Habitable Worlds ObservatoryNASAUltraviolet, Visible, Infrared2041early planning 'Phase 1'Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point

[19]

X-Ray Great ObservatoryNASAX-Ray2047early planning 'Phase 1'possiblySun-Earth L2 Lagrange point

[19]

Far-Infrared Great ObservatoryNASAFar-Infrared2051early planning 'Phase 1'possiblySun-Earth L2 Lagrange point

[19]

AstroSat-2ISRONear Ultraviolet, Far Ultraviolet, VisibleTBD–Low Earth orbit[20]
ExoWorlds MissionISROTBD[21]
Indian spectroscopic and imaging space telescope (INSIST)ISROTBD[21]
Galileo Solar Space TelescopeINPEVisible and

ultraviolet

TBDAdmission process atAEBLow Earth orbit or

Geostationary orbit

[22][23]

Merged, cancelled, or superseded space observatories

[edit]
NameAgencyTypeProposed
launch date		StatusProposed locationRef(s)
X-Ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy Mission (XEUS)ESAX-rayMerged into IXO–[24]
Constellation-XNASAX-ray–
International X-ray Observatory (IXO)NASA & ESA & JAXAX-rayNo funding 2011; rebooted asATHENA–[25]
Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer (EXCEDE)NASA?2016–Sun-synchronous Earth orbit, 2000 km[26][27]
SIM Lite Astrometric ObservatoryNASA?2015No funding 2010–[28]
Darwin MissionESA?––Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point[29]
Terrestrial Planet FinderNASA?TBANo funding 2011–[30]
Dark Universe ObservatoryNASA?Superseded by Roman/WFIRSTEarth orbit (600 km)[31][32]
Joint Dark Energy MissionNASA &DOE?–[33]
Astromag Free-Flyer (Particles)NASA?1 January 2005–Earth orbit (500 km)[34][35]
VSOP-2 (Astro-G) (Radio)JAXA?2012Cancelled 2011–[36]
SAFIRNASAfar infraredSuperseded byOriginsSun-Earth L2 Lagrange pointref?

Additional examples and non-space telescopes

[edit]

For launch in the 2030s, NASA is evaluating four possible designs: theOrigins Space Telescope,Lynx X-ray Observatory,Habitable Exoplanets Observatory (HabEx), and Large UV Optical Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR).[37]

Balloon-borne telescopes have been in use since the 1950s. A 20–30 meter balloon telescope has been suggested.[38] The balloon would be transparent on one side, and have a circular reflecting mirror on the other side.[38] There are two main designs using this principle.[38]

  • Large Balloon Reflector (LBR) (sub-orbital version)
  • Space-based Large Balloon Reflector (LBR)
    • TeraHertz Space Telescope (TST)[39]

Additional examples

[edit]
8 meter segmented LUVOIR-B (formerly ATLAST) telescope
ATLAST produced several versions for theLUVOIR telescope

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"The TOLIMAN mission: precision astrometry for exoplanetary discovery in the solar neighborhood".Archived from the original on 10 February 2025. Retrieved10 February 2025.
  2. ^"China's giant Xuntian space telescope faces further delay until late 2026".South China Morning Post. 16 May 2024. Retrieved23 June 2024.
  3. ^"NASA to Launch Israel's First Space Telescope - NASA". 21 February 2023. Retrieved7 December 2024.
  4. ^"NASA Awards Launch Services Contract for Roman Space Telescope".NASA (Press release). 19 July 2022. Retrieved19 July 2022.
  5. ^Balzer, Ashley (9 November 2021)."NASA's Roman Mission Will Help Empower a New Era of Cosmological Discovery".NASA. Retrieved10 November 2021.
  6. ^"NASA Selects Gamma-ray Telescope to Chart Milky Way Evolution - NASA". Retrieved7 December 2024.
  7. ^"Ariel moves from blueprint to reality".www.esa.int. Retrieved7 December 2024.
  8. ^"В Институте астрономии РАН заявили, что обсерваторию "Спектр-УФ" не запустят до 2030 года" [The Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences said that the Spektr-UV observatory will not be launched until 2030].TASS (in Russian). 21 December 2023. Retrieved27 December 2023.
  9. ^Zak, Anatoly (30 December 2022)."Spektr-UF | Russian ultraviolet astronomy's long road to space".RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved12 March 2023.
  10. ^"New NASA Mission will Study Ultraviolet Sky, Stars, Stellar Explosions - NASA". Retrieved7 December 2024.
  11. ^"The origin of the Universe will be unveiled by the LiteBIRD cryogenic satellite".Grenoble Alpes University. 3 July 2023. Retrieved26 December 2023.
  12. ^Realini, S.; et al. (2018). "Concept design of the LiteBIRD satellite for CMB B-mode polarization". In Siegler, Nicholas; Tong, Edward C.; Batalha, Natalie; Fazio, Giovanni G.; Lystrup, Makenzie; MacEwen, Howard A. (eds.).Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave. Proceedings of the SPIE. Vol. 10698. p. 68.doi:10.1117/12.2313432.hdl:2434/586766.ISBN 978-1-5106-1949-4.
  13. ^Reynolds, Christopher; et al. (1 November 2023). "Overview of the advanced x-ray imaging satellite (AXIS)". In Siegmund, Oswald H.; Hoadley, Keri (eds.).UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIII. Proceedings of the SPIE. Vol. 12678. p. 49.arXiv:2311.00780.doi:10.1117/12.2677468.ISBN 978-1-5106-6570-5.
  14. ^"Physics of the Cosmos (PhysCOS)".pcos.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved19 November 2024.
  15. ^Cyranoski, David (9 March 2016)."Chinese gravitational-wave hunt hits crunch time".Nature.531 (7593):150–151.Bibcode:2016Natur.531..150C.doi:10.1038/531150a.PMID 26961634. Retrieved23 June 2024.
  16. ^Wu, Yue-Liang; et al. (24 February 2021)."China's first step towards probing the expanding universe and the nature of gravity using a space borne gravitational wave antenna".Communications Physics.4 (1). Nature: 34.Bibcode:2021CmPhy...4...34T.doi:10.1038/s42005-021-00529-z.
  17. ^"ESA Science & Technology - Mission Summary".sci.esa.int. Retrieved7 December 2024.
  18. ^"LISA | Mission Summary".ESA. 8 November 2021. Retrieved10 November 2021.
  19. ^abcBruce Dominey (27 January 2023)."After Webb? NASA Is Already Planning New Great Space Observatories".Forbes. Retrieved27 January 2023.
  20. ^"Isro plans to launch India's 2nd space observatory".The Times of India. 19 February 2018.
  21. ^abVictor, Joseph T."India's Space Exploration Roadmap"(PDF).67th Session of UNCOPUOS. Retrieved16 August 2025.
  22. ^Carlesso, Franciele; Rodríguez Gómez, Jenny Marcela; Barbosa, Adriany Rodrigues; Antunes Vieira, Luis Eduardo; Dal Lago, Alisson (24 June 2022)."Solar Irradiance Variability Monitor for the Galileo Solar Space Telescope Mission: Concept and Challenges".Frontiers in Physics.10.Bibcode:2022FrP....10.9738C.doi:10.3389/fphy.2022.869738.ISSN 2296-424X.
  23. ^"ProSAME"(PDF) (in Brazilian Portuguese). 7 December 2023. p. 2. Retrieved22 July 2024.
  24. ^"KEUS – The X-Ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy Mission". ESA. Retrieved28 February 2008.
  25. ^"Official NASA IXO Home Page". NASA. Archived fromthe original on 14 August 2012. Retrieved28 February 2008.
  26. ^"EXCEDE Home Page". University of Arizona. Archived fromthe original on 19 February 2012. Retrieved23 February 2012.
  27. ^"EXCEDE the Search for Planets". Astrobiology Magazine. 17 February 2012. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved23 February 2012.
  28. ^"SIM Lite JPL". NASA. Archived fromthe original on 16 January 2007. Retrieved19 March 2009.
  29. ^"ESA Science & Technology: Darwin". ESA. Retrieved28 February 2008.
  30. ^"Planet Quest: Missions – Terrestrial Planet Finder". NASA. Archived fromthe original on 18 February 2008. Retrieved3 March 2008.
  31. ^"Dark Universe Observatory".Sonoma State University. Archived fromthe original on 5 December 2004. Retrieved29 February 2008.
  32. ^"Dark Universe Observatory – About the Launch Vehicle and Orbit". Sonoma State University. Archived fromthe original on 5 December 2004. Retrieved29 February 2008.
  33. ^"Destiny JDEM Mission Public Page".National Optical Astronomy Observatory. Retrieved28 February 2008.
  34. ^"NASA – NSSD – Spacecraft – Trajectory Details (Astromag FF)". NASA. Retrieved27 February 2008.
  35. ^"NASA – NSSDC – Spacecraft – Details (Astromag-F)". NASA. Retrieved27 February 2008.
  36. ^"VSOP-2 project". JAXA. Retrieved28 February 2008.
  37. ^Scoles, Sarah."NASA Considers Its Next Flagship Space Telescope".Scientific American. Retrieved31 March 2016.
  38. ^abcHall, Loura (3 May 2016)."Ballooning Expectations: New Approach for Astronomy".Nasa.gov. Retrieved11 August 2017.
  39. ^Dunn, Marina Madeline; Lesser, David; O'Dougherty, Stephan; Swift, Brandon; Pat, Terrance; Cortez, German; Smith, Steve; Goldsmith, Paul; Walker, Christopher K. (January 2017). "TeraHertz Space Telescope (TST)".AAS.229: 238.30.Bibcode:2017AAS...22923830D.
  40. ^"Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx)".www.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved9 October 2019.
  41. ^University of Arizona (2 August 2019)."A new lens for life-searching space telescopes - University of Arizona researchers have designed a new kind of telescope that is a cheaper, lighter and more powerful option than creating telescopes using ever-larger mirrors. With a fleet of the newly designed space telescopes, they aim to scour a thousand potentially earth-like planets for signs of life".EurekAlert!. Retrieved5 August 2019.
  42. ^Apai, Dániel; Milster, Tom D.; Kim, Dae Wook; Bixel, Alex; Schneider, Glenn; Liang, Ronguang; Arenberg, Jonathan (29 July 2019)."A Thousand Earths: A Very Large Aperture, Ultralight Space Telescope Array for Atmospheric Biosignature Surveys".The Astronomical Journal.158 (2): 83.arXiv:1906.05079.Bibcode:2019AJ....158...83A.doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab2631.hdl:10150/634070.S2CID 186206769.
  43. ^Apai, D.; et al. (2018)."Nautilus DeepSpace Observatory: A Giant Segmented Space Telescope Array for a Galactic Biosignature Survey"(PDF).Universities Space Research Association. Retrieved5 August 2019.
  44. ^"M. Wong, et al. – A Dedicated Space Observatory for Time-domain Solar System Science"(PDF).Lpi.usra.edu. Retrieved11 August 2017.
  45. ^"Space Telescopes".
  46. ^"NASA Considers Sending a Telescope to Outer Solar System - Universe Today".Universitytoday.com. 19 December 2011. Retrieved11 August 2017.
  47. ^"ZEBRA".Zebra.caltech.edu. Archived fromthe original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved11 August 2017.
  48. ^Rabien, S.; Busoni, L.; Del Vecchio, C.; Ziegleder, J.; Esposito, S. (23 August 2024). "Membrane space telescope: Active surface control with radiative adaptive optics". In Coyle, Laura E.; Perrin, Marshall D.; Matsuura, Shuji (eds.).Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2024: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave. Proceedings of the SPIE. Vol. 13092. p. 148.arXiv:2410.07741.Bibcode:2024SPIE13092E..5OR.doi:10.1117/12.3019682.ISBN 978-1-5106-7507-0.

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