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List of private spaceflight companies

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This article'sfactual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(April 2020)

Private spaceflight companies include non-governmental or privately owned entities focused on developing and/or offering equipment and services geared towardsspaceflight, bothrobotic andhuman. This list includes both inactive and active entities.

List of abbreviations used in this article

LEO:Low Earth orbit
GTO:Geostationary transfer orbit
HCO:Heliocentric orbit
VTOL:Vertical take-off and landing
SSTO:Single-stage-to-orbit
TSTO:Two-stage-to-orbit
SSTSO: Single-stage-to-sub-orbit

Commercial astronauts

[edit]

Manufacturers of space vehicles

[edit]
Main article:List of spacecraft manufacturers

Cargo transport vehicles

[edit]
See also:Comparison of space station cargo vehicles
Company nameSpacecraftLaunch systemLength (m)Dry mass (kg)Launch mass (kg)Payload (kg)Payload volume (m3)Return payload (kg)Diameter (m)Generated power (W)Automated dockingStatus
SpaceXDragonFalcon 9 Block 56.14,200[4]10,2006,000[5] pressurized or unpressurized, in any mixture[6]10.0 (pressurized), plus14 (unpressurized), or34 (unpressurized with extended trunk)[7]3,000 capsule return[8]3.72,000[9]NoRetired (21/22)
Dragon 2Falcon 9 Block 58.16,4006,000[5]10.0 (pressurized), plus14 (unpressurized)3,000[5]3.7YesOperational (12/12)
Starship (spacecraft)Super Heavy52.1-----9--In development
OrbitalCygnus (standard)Antares 1105.141,500[10]2,000[10]18.9[10]None3.073,500[11]NoRetired (3/4)
Northrop Grumman Innovation SystemsCygnus (enhanced)Antares 230
Atlas V 401
Falcon 9 Block 5		6.341,800[12]3,500[12]27[12]None3.07NoOperational (16/16)
Sierra SpaceDream Chaser Cargo SystemAtlas V
Vulcan[13]		16.8[14]5,000 pressurized,500 unpressurized[15]1,750[15]YesDevelopment
Planned: 2025

Crew transport vehicles

[edit]
See also:Comparison of crewed space vehicles

Orbital

[edit]
Company nameSpacecraftRangeLaunch
system		Crew
size		Length (m)Diameter (m)Launch mass (kg)Power
system		First
spaceflight*		Status
Blue OriginBiconic Space VehicleLEONew GlennPlanned date not knownDevelopment
BoeingCST-100StarlinerLEOMultiple, initiallyAtlas V7[16]5.03[17]4.56[17]13,000Solar panelsCrewed: 5 June 2024
(Uncrewed: 20 December 2019)		Operational
Sierra SpaceDream Chaser Space SystemLEOMultiple, initiallyVulcan Centaur7[18]9[19]11,300[20]2026[21]Development
SpaceXDragon 2LEOFalcon 9 Block 57[note 1]8.1[22]3.7[23]up to 6,000SolarCrewed: May 30, 2020
(Uncrewed: 2 March 2019)		Operational (18/18)
StarshipMars[24][note 2]Super Heavy50[24]9[24][note 3]1,335,000[24]Solar panelsPlanned: First Crewed: 2027[25] (First Uncrewed: 20 April 2023)Testing

(6/11)

* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures
  1. ^Number of seats will be 4 for crew member rotations for the ISS
  2. ^Although designed to be capable of flying to anywhere in theSolar System[citation needed], this vehicle's intended maximum range (after refueling in LEO) is Mars
  3. ^Plus fins/legs

Suborbital

[edit]
See also:Ansari X Prize § Contestants
Company nameSpacecraftRangeLaunch
system		Crew
size		Length (m)Diameter (m)Launch mass (kg)First
spaceflight*		Status
Scaled CompositesSpaceShipOne100 km (62 mi)White Knight18.538.053,60021 June 2004Retired (3/3)[note 1]
Blue OriginNew Shepard Crew Capsule114 km (71 mi) (capsule, using the launch escape system motor)New Shepard63.6Crewed: July 20, 2021

(Uncrewed: April 29, 2015)

Operational (23/24)
The Spaceship CompanySpaceShipTwo110 km (68 mi)White Knight Two8 (2 Pilots, 6 Passengers)18.38.39,74013 December 2018Testing (10/11)[note 2]
Copenhagen Suborbitals[note 3]Tycho Deep Space105 km (65 mi)
Spica1130.9554,000Planned date not knownDevelopment
PD AeroSpace(Unknown)110 km (68 mi)[26](Unknown)8 (6 passengers, 2 pilots)14.8[27]>6,000Planned date not knownDevelopment
World ViewExplorer Capsule30 km (19 mi)Stratospheric Balloon10 (8 passengers, 1 pilot, 1 concierge)5.54,500Planned 2024Development
* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures
  1. ^Does not include crewed atmospheric flights
  2. ^Does not include powered flights not intended to reach space
  3. ^Denmark's amateur human space program.

Launch vehicle manufacturers

[edit]
Further information:List of orbital launch systems
Company nameLauncher
name		Launcher
type		No. of
stages		Maximum
reach		Launcher
status		Maiden
flight		Ref
ABL Space SystemsRS1Light rocket2LEORetired (0/1)10 January 2023[28]
Agnikul CosmosAgnibaanLight rocket2LEODevelopmentUnknown
Alpha ImpulsionGrenatLight rocket1LEODevelopmentUnknown[29]
ARCA SpaceHaas 2bSuborbital crewed rocket1SuborbitalCancelled—[30]
Haas 2CALight rocket1LEOCancelled—[31]
Super HaasMedium rocket2LEOProposedUnknown[32]
EcoRocket DemonstratorReusable light rocket3LEODevelopment2022 (planned)[33]
EcoRocket HeavyHeavy rocket3Deep spaceProposedUnknown[33]
Australian Space Research InstituteAUSROC NanoLight rocket2LEODevelopmentUnknown[34]
Astra SpaceAstra Rocket 1Sounding rocket2SuborbitalRetired (0/1)2018[35][36][37]
Astra Rocket 2Sounding rocket2SuborbitalRetired (0/1)2018[38]
Astra Rocket 3Light rocket2LEORetired (2/5)2020[39][40]
Astra Rocket 4Light rocket2LEODevelopment2023 (planned)[41][42]
SALVOLight rocket2LEOCancelled—[43][44][45]
Bellatrix AerospaceChetakLight rocket2LEODevelopment2023 (planned)
Blue OriginNew ShepardReusable suborbital rocket1SuborbitalOperational (22/23)2015
New GlennReusable heavy rocket2 or 3GTOOperational (1/1)2025[46][47][48]
New ArmstrongReusable super-heavy rocket3HCOProposed~2030 (proposed)
BluShift AerospaceStardustReusable sounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational (1/1)2020
Starless RogueSounding rocket2SuborbitalDevelopmentUnknown
Brown DwarfSounding rocket2 or 3SuborbitalCancelled—
Red DwarfLight rocket3LEODevelopmentQ2 2024 (planned)
Borneo SubOrbitalsTBASounding rocket2 or 3SuborbitalDevelopment2022 (planned)[49][50][51]
Canadian ArrowCanadian ArrowSuborbital crewed rocket2SuborbitalCancelled—[52]
CubeCabCab-3ALight rocket3 + airplaneLEOProposedUnknown[53][54]
Datiotec Aeroespacial / INMEU A.C.JFCR.2000-PolluxSounding rocket1SuborbitalDevelopmentUnknown[55][56]
Dawn AerospaceMk-II AuroraLight RocketSuborbitalTest flights (3/3)2023[57]
Evolution SpaceGold Chain CowboySounding Rocket1SuborbitalDevelopment2023[58][59]
Exos AerospaceSARGEReusable sounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational (3/4)2018[60][61]
Equatorial Space SystemsVolansLight Rocket3LEODevelopmentUnknown[62]
DoradoSounding Rocket1 or 2SuborbitalDevelopment2023 (planned)[63]
LADSounding Rocket1SuborbitalRetired (1/1)2020[64]
Firefly AerospaceFirefly AlphaLight rocket2LEOOperational (4/5)2021[65]
Firefly MLVLight rocket2LEODevelopment2026 (planned)[66]
Galactic EnergyCeres-1Light Rocket4LEOOperational (13/14)2020[67]
General AstronauticsUraniaMedium rocket3LEOCancelled—[68][69]
Gilmour Space TechnologiesRASTASounding rocket1SuborbitalRetired (1/1)2016[70]
ErisLight rocket3LEODevelopmentApril 2023 (Planned)[70]
Generation OrbitX-60A (GOLauncher 1)Air-launched sounding rocket1 + airplaneSuborbitalDevelopmentUnknown[71][72]
GOLauncher 2Air-launch-to-orbit2 + airplaneLEODevelopmentUnknown
Independence-X AerospaceDNLV (Dedicated Nano Launch Vehicle)Light rocket2LEODevelopment2023 (planned)[73][74]
Interorbital SystemsNEPTUNE N seriesLight rocket3–4LEODevelopmentUnknown[75][76]
NEPTUNE N36Light rocket4TLIProposedUnknown[75][76]
Neptune TSAAHTOMedium rocket2½TLIProposedUnknown[75]
Interstellar TechnologiesMomoSounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational (3/7)2017[77][78]
Isar AerospaceSpectrumLight rocket2LEOTesting (0/1)2025[79]
LauncherLightLight rocket2LEOCancelled—[80]
Leaf SpacePrimoLight rocket2LEOCancelled—[81][82]
Lesath InternationalTelsonReusable Light Rocket2LEODevelopment2029 (Planned)
Lesath InternationalScorpionReusable Medium Rocket2TMIProposedUnknown
Lin IndustrialTaymyrLight rocket3LEODevelopmentUnknown[83][84]
Lockheed MartinVentureStarReusablespaceplane1LEOCancelled—[85]
AthenaMedium rocket2 or 3TLIRetired (5/7)1995
Mishaal AerospaceM-SVSounding rocket1SuborbitalDevelopmentUnknown[86][87][88]
M-OVLight rocket1 + 6 BoostersLEODevelopmentUnknown[86][87][89]
M-LVLight rocket1 + 8 boostersTLIDevelopmentUnknown[86][87][90]
OneSpaceOS-XSounding rocket2SuborbitalOperational (2/2)2018[91]
OS-M1Light rocket3LEOOperational (0/1)2019[92]
OS-M2Light rocket3 + 2 boostersLEODevelopmentUnknown[93]
OS-M4Light rocket3 + 4 boostersLEODevelopmentUnknown[94]
OrbexPrimeLight rocket2LEODevelopment2023 (planned)[95]
OrbitXHaribon SLS-1Light rocket2LEODevelopment2023–2024 (planned)
Outerstellar SpaceCrocoshipMedium rocket1LEODevelopment2040 (planned)[citation needed]
Northrop Grumman Innovation SystemsAntaresMedium rocket3LEOOperational (17/18)2013[96]
Minotaur-C, formerly TaurusLight rocket4LEOOperational (7/10)1994[97][98][99]
PegasusAir-launch-to-orbit3-4 + airplaneHEOOperational (40/45)1990
OmegaMedium rocket3 + 0-6 boostersGEOCancelled(Was planned for 2021)[100]
Orbital Transport & Raketen AGOTRAGMedium rocketvariableLEO (designed)
Suborbital (achieved)		Retired (15/18)1977[101]
Perigee AerospaceBlue Whale 1Light rocket2LEODevelopment2025[102][103]
PLD SpaceMiura 1Sounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational (1/1)6 October 2023[104][105][106][107][108]
Miura 5Light rocket3LEODevelopment2024 (planned)[107]
Relativity SpaceTerran 1Light rocket2LEORetired (0/1)23 March 2023[109][110]
Terran RReusable heavy rocket2Deep spaceDevelopment2024 (planned)[111]
Rocket CraftersIntrepid-1Light rocket2LEODevelopmentUnknown[112][113]
Rocket LabĀtea-1Sounding rocket2SuborbitalRetired (1/1)2009[114][115]
Ātea-2Sounding rocket2SuborbitalCancelled—[116]
ElectronReusable light rocket2TLIOperational (34/37)2017[117]
NeutronReusable medium rocket2GTODevelopment2024 (planned)[118][119]
RocketStarStar-LordLight rocket2LEODevelopmentUnknown[120]
Rocket Factory AugsburgRFA OneLight rocket3LEODevelopment2023 (planned)[121][122][79]
Skyroot AerospaceVikram SSounding rocket3LEOOperational2022 November 18[123]
Vikram-IILight rocket3LEODevelopmentUnknown
Vikram-IIILight rocket3LEODevelopmentUnknown
SkyroraSkyrora 1Sounding rocket1SuborbitalDevelopmentUnknown[124][125][126]
Skylark MicroSounding rocket2SuborbitalOperational (1/1)2021[127]
Skylark LSounding rocket1SuborbitalDevelopment2022 (planned)[128][129]
Skyrora XLLight rocket3LEODevelopment2023 (planned)[130][131][132][133]
SpaceForestBigosSounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational (5/5)2015[134]
Candle-2Sounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational (1/1)2016[135][136][137]
PerunSounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational (1/1)2020[138][139]
SIR (Suborbital Inexpensive Rocket)Sounding rocket1SuborbitalDevelopment2022 (planned)[134][140]
Space Services Inc.PercheronSounding rocket1SuborbitalCancelled—[141]
Conestoga 1620Medium rocket4LEO (designed)
Suborbital (achieved)		Retired (0/1)1995[141]
SpaceLSPrometheus-1Light rocket2LEODevelopmentUnknown[142][143]
Space PioneerTiansuo-1Vertical landing test stage1SuborbitalDevelopmentUnknown[144]
Tianlong-1Light rocketLEODevelopmentUnknown[144]
SpaceXFalcon 1Light rocket2LEORetired (2/5)2006[145]
Falcon 1eLight rocket2LEOCancelled—[145]
Falcon 5Medium rocket2GTOCancelled—[146]
Falcon 9 v1.0Medium rocket2GTO (designed)
LEO (achieved)		Retired (5/5)2010[147]
Falcon 9 v1.1Medium rocket2HCORetired (14/15)2013[147]
Falcon 9 Full Thrust
Block 1-4		Reusable medium rocket /
Heavy rocket (expendable)		2TMI[148]Retired (36/36)2015[147]
Falcon 9 Block 5Reusable medium rocket /
Heavy rocket (expendable)		2TMI[148]Operational (542/543)2018[149][150]
Falcon HeavyReusable heavy rocket /
Super-heavy rocket (expendable)		2 + 2 boostersDeep space (Pluto)[151]Operational (11/11)2018[147][152]
Starship Super-HeavyReusable super-heavy rocket2Deep spaceTesting (4/9)2023
Stoke SpaceNovaReusable light rocket2LEODevelopmentUnknown[153]
Success RocketsNebo 1Ultralight rocket1SuborbitalOperational (1/1)December 2021[154]
StalkerUltralight rocket2LEODevelopment2024[155]
United Launch AllianceAtlas VMedium rocket2 + 0-5 boostersTMIOperational (98/99)2002[156]
Delta II 6000Medium rocket2-3 + 9 boostersGTORetired (17/17)1989[157]
Delta II 7000Light rocket2-3 + 3, 4 or 9 boostersGTORetired (130/132)1990[157]
Delta II 7000HMedium rocket2-3 + 9 boostersTMIRetired (6/6)2003[157]
Delta IVMedium rocket2 + 0, 2 or 4 boostersGTORetired (29/29)2003[158]
Delta IV HeavyHeavy rocket2 + 2 boostersGTORetired (14/15)2004[159]
VulcanHeavy rocket2 + 0-6 boostersGTOOperational (1/1)2024[160][161]
UP AerospaceSkyloft/Skyloft XLSounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational (18/19)2006
SpyderLight rocket2LEODevelopment2023
Vector LaunchVector-RLight rocket2LEODevelopment2023 (2 prototype launches in 2017)
Vector-RE1Light rocket2 or 3LEOCancelled—
Vector-HLight rocket2LEOCancelled—
Vector-HE1Light rocket2 or 3LEOCancelled—
Virgin OrbitLauncherOneAir-launch-to-orbit2 + airplaneLEORetired (4/6)2020 (First successful attempt Jan 2021)[162]
X-Bow SystemsBoltLight rocket1LEODevelopmentJuly 2022[163][164]
Zero2infinityBloostarRockoon system (high-altitude balloon and space launcher)3 + high-altitude balloonLEODevelopmentUnknown[165]

Landers, rovers and orbiters

[edit]
See also:Google Lunar X Prize § Competitors
Company nameCraft nameCraft typeCraft statusRef
ARCASPACEELE (European Lunar Explorer)lunar orbiterDevelopment[166]
Astrobotic TechnologyRed Roverlunar roverDevelopment[167]
Griffin (previously Artemis Lander)lunar landerDevelopment[168]
Peregrine Landerlunar landerRetired[169][170]
Blue OriginBlue Moonlunar landerDevelopment
Integrated Lander Vehiclecrewed lunar landerDevelopment
DyneticsDynetics HLSlunar landerDevelopment
EurolunaROMITlunar roverCancelled[171]
Firefly AerospaceBlue Ghostlunar landerOperational
Elytraorbital vehicleDevelopment
Golden Spike Company
(defunct)		unnamedcrewed lunar landerCancelled[172]
HakutoSoratolunar roverDevelopment[173][174]
Tetrislunar roverCancelled[175]
Independence-X AerospaceSQUALL (Scientific Quest Unmanned Autonomous Lunar Lander)lunar landerCancelled[176]
Interorbital SystemsRIPPER (Robotic InterPlanetary Prospector Excavator Retriever)lunar landerDevelopment[177]
Intuitive MachinesNova-C lander, and Universal Reentry Vehicle (URV)[178]lunar lander; reusable orbital vehicleOperational[179]
Lunar Mission Oneunnamedlunar landerProposed (2014)[180]
Lunar OutpostMAPP roverlunar roverTesting[181]
Masten Space SystemsXEUSlunar landerNegotiating[168]
Masten Space SystemsXL-1lunar landerDevelopment[182]
Moon ExpressMX-1lunar landerTesting[168][183]
Odyssey MoonMoonOne (M-1)lunar roverCancelled[184]
Omega EnvoySaganlunar roverCancelled[185]
OrbitBeyondZ-01lunar landers and roversProposed (2018)[186][187]
PTScientistsAudi Lunar quattrolunar roverTesting[188]
PTScientistsALINA (Autonomous Landing and Navigation Module)lunar landerDevelopment[189]
Puli Space TechnologiesPulilunar roverFundraising[190]
RoscosmosLuna 25lunar landerCrashed[191]
SpaceXStarshipcrewed mars landerDevelopment
Starship HLScrewed lunar landerDevelopment
Team FREDNETPicoroverlunar roverCancelled[192]
Team ItaliaAMALIA (Ascensio Machinae Ad Lunam Italica Arte)lunar roverCancelled[193]
Team IndusHHK-1lunar landerDevelopment
Team IndusECAlunar roverDevelopment
TransOrbitalTrailBlazerlunar orbiterCancelled[194]
Team Plan BPlan Blunar roverCancelled
SpacebitAsagumolunar roverTesting[195][196]
Space ILBeresheetlunar landerCrashed upon landing
Space Explration CorpDefiantlunar landerCancelled[197]
Synergy MoonTeslalunar roverDevelopment[198]

Research craft and tech demonstrators

[edit]
Further information:List of sounding rockets
Company nameCraft nameCraft purposeCraft statusRef
TesArc SpaceTesAris Satellite ConstellationTesting satellite-based signal detection for defense, security, aviation monitoring, and asset tracking.Development"Announcing the Launch of TesArc Space Inc. in Houston, Texas".TesArc Space. Retrieved2025-04-04.
ARCADemonstrator 2bdemonstrate reusable monopropellant engineRetired
Armadillo AerospaceQuaddemonstrate VTOLRetired
ASRIAUSROC Isystems TestingRetired
AUSROC IIpayload to 10 kmRetired
AUSROC 2.5systems TestingTesting
AUSROC IIIpayload of 150 kg to 500 kmDevelopment
Blue OriginGoddarddemonstrate VTOLRetired
Deep Blue AerospaceNebula-1demonstrate VTOLDevelopment[199]
Evolution SpaceGold Chain Cowboysystems testing, payload to 124 kmDevelopment[200]
Interorbital SystemsNeutrinosystems TestingOperational
Tachyonsystems TestingOperational[201]
Lockheed MartinX-33demonstrate SSTOCancelled
Masten Space SystemsXA-0.1demonstrate VTOLRetired
XA-0.1BLunar Lander Challenge Level 1Operational
XA-0.1ELunar Lander Challenge Level 2, commercial precursor flightsRetired (12 flights)
XA-0.1E2commercial flightsDestroyed (115 flights)
XA-0.1E4commercial flightsRetired (75 flights)
XA-0.1E5commercial flightsOperational
XL-1Tterrestrial test bed for theXL-1 lunar landerDevelopment
Xeuscommercial flightsCancelled
McDonnell DouglasDC-Xdemonstrate VTOLRetired (11 test flights)
Origin SpaceYang Wang-1space mineral resources developerDevelopment[202]
Rotary RocketRoton ATVdemonstrate VTOLRetired (3 test flights)
Space Services Inc.Conestoga Isystems TestingRetired (1 test)[141]
SpaceXGrasshopperdemonstrate VTOLRetired (8 tests)[203]
F9R Dev1refine VTOL (low altitude)Destroyed (5 flights)[204]
F9R Dev2refine VTOL (high altitude)Cancelled
Starhopperdemonstrate VTOLRetired (4 test flights)
Starship prototypesdemonstrate VTOLRetired (7 test flight)
Swedish Space Corp.Maxuspayload to 700 kmOperational
Maserpayload to 300 kmOperational
UP AerospaceSpaceLoft XLpayload to 140 kmOperational[205]
World View EnterprisesStratollitepayload up to 30 km and 300 kgOperational[206][207]
zero2infinitynanobloon 1.0payload to 32 kmOperational[208]
nanobloon 2.0payload to 33 kmOperational
microbloon 1.0payload to 24 kmOperational
microbloon 2.0payload to 31 kmOperational
microbloon 3.0payload to 27 kmOperational

Propulsion manufacturers

[edit]
Company nameEngineEngine typeApplicationsStatusRef
Accion Systems Inc.MAX-1, TILEelectrospray ionsmall satellite/CubeSatDevelopment[209][210]
Ad Astra Rocket CompanyVASIMRplasma propulsionspace tug/orbital transfer vehicleDevelopment[211]
ARCAExecutorLOX/RP-1IAR 111,Haas 2,Haas 2b,Super HaasDevelopment
ArianeGroupVulcainLH2/LOXAriane 5/Ariane 6 Main stageOperational
Blue OriginBE-3LH2/LOXNew ShepardOperational
BE-4LOX/CH
4		Vulcan,New GlennOperational
CU AerospacePUCmicrocavity dischargesmall satellite/CubeSatRetired[212][213]
CHIPSresistojetsmall satellite/CubeSatDevelopment[213][214]
PPT-11pulsed plasmasmall satellite/CubeSatDevelopment[215][216]
Exo Terra ResourceHaloHall effectsmall satellite/CubeSatDevelopment[217]
Firefly AerospaceReaverLOX/RP-1Firefly Alpha first stageOperational
MirandaLOX/RP-1Firefly MLV first stageDevelopment[66]
Reaction Engines Ltd.SABREhybridair-breathing/chemicalSkylonDevelopment[218]
Rocket LabRutherfordLOX/RP-1Electron first stageOperational
Rutherford VacuumLOX/RP-1Electron second stageOperational
ArchimedesLOX/CH
4		Neutron first stageDevelopment[219]
Sierra SpaceVR35K-ALH2/LOXUpper StageDevelopment[220]
SpaceDevRocketMotorOnehybridSpaceShipOneRetired[221]
SpaceXKestrelLOX/RP-1Falcon 1 second stageRetired
MerlinLOX/RP-1Falcon 1,Falcon 9,Falcon Heavy first stage/boostersOperational[222][223][151]
Merlin VacuumLOX/RP-1Falcon 9 second stage,Falcon Heavy second stageOperational[223][151]
RaptorLOX/CH
4		SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure,Starship,Starship HLSOperational[224]
Virgin GalacticRocketMotorTwohybridSpaceShipTwoOperational
Ursa Major TechnologiesHadleyJet-A/LOXHypersonics, Boost Stage, Upper StageDevelopment[225][226]

Satellite launchers

[edit]
CompanyLaunch vehiclesNotesRefs
ArianespaceAriane, VegaMinority owned by some EU states
Astra SpaceRocket 3, Rocket 4Rocket 3 retired in August 2022[42]
Firefly AerospaceFirefly Alpha, Firefly MLV
IHI CorporationEpsilonSome R&D by JAXA
Lesath InternationalTelson, Scorpion
Mitsubishi Heavy IndustriesH-IIAR&D done by JAXA.[227]
Northrop Grumman Innovation SystemsAntares, MinotaurOwn launchers, funded by NASA
Rocket LabNeutron, Electron
SpaceXFalcon 9, Falcon Heavy
Sea LaunchZenitOwned by S7 Airlines
United Launch AllianceAtlas V, Vulcan Centaur50% owned by Lockheed Martin, 50% Boeing
Vaya SpaceDauntless[228]

Space-based economy

[edit]
Further information:Space-based economy

Space manufacturing

[edit]
Company nameProductsManufacturing craftStatusRef
Shackleton Energy Companypropellant, space infrastructure,propellant depotUnknownDefunct (2020)[229]
Made In Space3D printing inISS, in-space antenna systems, fiber opticsUnknownOperational (2018)[230]
Varda Space Industriesbuilding products in space and bringing them back to earth (ex: ZBLAN, 3d printed organs)UnknownOperational (2021)[231]
Deep Space Industriespropellant, communications platforms,space solar power satellitesMicroGravity FoundryDefunct (2020)[232]
Cosmic Shielding CorporationSpace Materials; Multifunctional polymers for spacecraft and habitat structural and shielding componentsUnknownOperational (2021)[233][234]

Space mining

[edit]
Company nameBody to be minedMining craftMining statusRef
AstroForgeNear-Earth asteroidsBrokrr-1, Odin (formerly Brokkr-2)Development[235]
Deep Space IndustriesNear-Earth asteroidsProspector-1, Harvestor 1Defunct (2019)[236][237]
ispaceMoonHakuto-RDevelopment[238][239]
Moon ExpressMoonMX-1, MX-2, MX-5, MX-9Development[240]
Planetary ResourcesNear-Earth asteroidsArkydSeries 100, 200, 300Cancelled[241]
Shackleton Energy CompanyMoonTBDDefunct (2020)[229]

Space stations

[edit]
Private Company nameSpace Craft nameSpace Craft typeInternal
volume		Passenger
capacity		Craft statusOrbit AroundRef
VastHaven-1Rigid module45m34DevelopmentEarth
Axiom SpaceAxiom StationRigid module8[242][better source needed]DevelopmentEarth[243]
Bigelow AerospaceGenesis I subscale test spacecraftInflatable module11.5 m3 (406 cu ft)[244]UncrewedDerelict, on orbit[245]Earth[244]
Genesis II subscale test spacecraftInflatable module11.5 m3 (406 cu ft)UncrewedDerelict, on orbit[245][246]Earth[247][248]
GalaxyInflatable module16.7 m3 (590 cu ft)[249][250]UncrewedCancelledEarth[251]
SundancerInflatable module180 m3 (6,357 cu ft)3CancelledEarth[252]
BA 330Inflatable module330 m3 (11,654 cu ft)6Cancelled[253]Earth[254][255][256]
BA 2100Inflatable module2,100 m3 (74,161 cu ft)16Cancelled[253]Earth[257]
Space Complex AlphaInflatable space station690 m3 (24,367 cu ft)12CancelledEarth
Excalibur AlmazAlmaz derivativeRigid module3CancelledEarth[258][259][260]
Galactic Suite Ltd.Galactic SuiteRigid module6Proposed (2007)Earth[261]
Orion SpanAurora Space StationRigid module160 m3 (5,650 cu ft)6 (2 Crew, 4 Tourists)Proposed (2018)Earth[262][263]
Sierra SpaceLarge Inflatable Fabric EnvironmentInflatable module300 m3 (10,594 cu ft)4TestingMoon/Mars[264]
Blue OriginOrbital ReefRigid module830 m3 (29,311 cu ft)TBADevelopment (2021)Earth[265]

Spacecraft component developers and manufacturers

[edit]
CompanyProductsRefs
Altius Space MachinesRendezvous and capture technology for uncooperative satellites; magnetoshellaerocapture andaerobraking technology forCubeSats; lightweight robotic manipulators[when?][citation needed]
Andrews SpaceReusable space vehicles;HTHL spacecraft;magnetorquers[when?][citation needed]
Alén SpaceNanoSats and CubeSats[266]
AstranisMicroGEO Satellites
TESBL Aerospace CorporationIn-space services; Solar Array Drive Actuators (SADA); microgravity payload integration, as of 2019[update][267]

[268]

Axelspace [ja]CubeSats[269]
CesiumAstroActivephased array communications payloads that include RF inter-satellite links as of 2017.[270][271]
Craig TechnologiesSmall satellite deployment services (up to 110 kg); microgravity payload integration[when?][272]
EADS Astrium SatellitesSpacecraft andground segment elements[citation needed]
EADS Astrium Space TransportationLaunchers and orbital infrastructure[citation needed]
Innovative Solutions In SpaceCubeSat manufacture and operation, as of 2018[update][273]
Made in Space3D printers for use inmicrogravityas of 2013[update][274]
MynaricLaser communication for satellites and aircraft[275]
Portal Space SystemsSatellite buses with a solar thermal propulsion system[276][277]
RUAG SpaceAntenna Pointing Mechanisms; Solar Array Drive Assembly (SADA); satellite components; launchers and structures as of 2009[update][278][better source needed]
SpaceDevSmall spacecraft; propulsion products and services; space components, mechanisms and structures[when?][279]
SpaceQuest, Ltd.Spacecraft and spacecraft components[when?][citation needed]
XploreSatellite payload transport and hosting inEarth orbit andBeyond Earth orbit (BEO) destinations, including flight to asteroids, Venus, and Mars. Active as of 2020[update][280]
Cosmic Shielding CorporationRadiation Shielding materials for spacecraft and spacesuits; Space Weather Forecasting and Mitigation[233]
ADDMAN EngineeringMetallurgy development and production of components including thrusters, injectors, cold plates, hot gas manifolds to space and hypersonic industry, especially refractory metals (Titatnium, Niobium) as of 2020

Spaceliner companies

[edit]
Company nameContracts forCraft utilisedStatusNotesRefs
Axiom SpaceSpaceXCrew DragonActiveSpaceX Axiom Space-1 launched in April 2022[281][282]
Benson Space CompanySpaceDevDream ChaserDefunct[283]
MirCorpnoneSoyuz TM,Progress M1 andMirDefunctMir deorbited
Space Adventures-Soyuz and theISSActive9 tourists sent[284]
RocketShip ToursXCORLynx rocketplaneDefunct
Virgin GalacticScaled CompositesSpaceship Two,White Knight 2Active7Spaceship Two glide flights successfully completed

See also

[edit]

References

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