| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Political party | Previous office |
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| Parliamentary system (1923–2018) |
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| 1 |  | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938) | 1923 | 29 October 1923 | 10 November 1938 (Died in office) | 15 years, 12 days | CHP | 1stspeaker of the Grand National Assembly |
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| 1927 |
| 1931 |
| 1935 |
| — |  | Abdülhalik Renda (1881–1957) | — | 10 November 1938 | 11 November 1938 | 1 day | CHP | 4th speaker of the Grand National Assembly |
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| 2 |  | İsmet İnönü (1884–1973) | 1938 | 11 November 1938 | 22 May 1950 | 11 years, 192 days | CHP | 1stprime minister of Turkey |
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| 1939 |
| 1943 |
| 1946 |
| 3 |  | Celâl Bayar (1883–1986) | 1950 | 22 May 1950 | 27 May 1960 (Deposed) | 10 years, 5 days | DP | 3rd prime minister of Turkey |
|---|
| 1954 |
| 1957 |
| — |  | National Unity Committee Milli Birlik Komitesi Chairman: GeneralCemal Gürsel (1895–1966) | — | 27 May 1960 | 26 October 1961 | 1 year, 152 days | Military | 10thcommander of the Turkish Army |
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| 4 | Cemal Gürsel (1895–1966) | 1961 | 26 October 1961 | 28 March 1966[a] | 4 years, 153 days | Independent | Chairman of theNational Unity Committee |
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| — |  | İbrahim Şevki Atasagun (1899–1984) | — | 2 February 1966 | 28 March 1966 | 54 days | AP | 3rdchairman of the Senate of Turkey |
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| 5 |  | Cevdet Sunay (1899–1982) | 1966 | 28 March 1966 | 28 March 1973 | 7 years | Independent | 12thchief of the Turkish General Staff |
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| — |  | Tekin Arıburun (1903–1993) | — | 28 March 1973 | 6 April 1973 | 9 days | AP | 4th chairman of the Senate of Turkey |
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| 6 |  | Fahri Korutürk (1903–1987) | 1973 | 6 April 1973 | 6 April 1980 | 7 years | Independent | 3rdcommander of the Turkish Navy |
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| — |  | İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil (1908–1993) | — | 6 April 1980 | 12 September 1980 (Deposed) | 159 days | AP | 6thchairman of the Senate of Turkey |
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| — |  | National Security Council Milli Güvenlik Kurulu Chairman: GeneralKenan Evren (1917–2015) | — | 12 September 1980 | 7 December 1983 | 3 years, 86 days | Military | 17th chief of the Turkish General Staff |
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| 7 | Kenan Evren (1917–2015) | 1982 | 9 November 1982 | 9 November 1989 | 7 years | Independent | Chairman of theNational Security Council |
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| 8 |  | Turgut Özal (1927–1993) | 1989 | 9 November 1989 | 17 April 1993 (Died in office) | 3 years, 159 days | Independent | 19th prime minister of Turkey |
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| — |  | Hüsamettin Cindoruk (born 1933) | — | 17 April 1993 | 16 May 1993 | 29 days | DYP | 17th speaker of the Grand National Assembly |
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| 9 |  | Süleyman Demirel (1924–2015) | 1993 | 16 May 1993 | 16 May 2000 | 7 years | Independent | 12th prime minister of Turkey |
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| 10 |  | Ahmet Necdet Sezer (born 1941) | 2000 | 16 May 2000 | 28 August 2007 | 7 years, 104 days | Independent | 14thpresident of the Constitutional Court of Turkey |
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| 11 |  | Abdullah Gül (born 1950) | 2007 | 28 August 2007 | 28 August 2014 | 7 years | Independent | 41thminister of foreign affairs of Turkey |
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| 12 |  | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 1954) | 2014 | 28 August 2014 | 9 July 2018 | 3 years, 315 days | Independent | 25th prime minister of Turkey |
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| AK Party[b] |
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| Presidential system (2018–present) |
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| (12) |  | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 1954) | 2018 | 9 July 2018 | Incumbent | 7 years, 138 days | AK Party | 25th prime minister of Turkey |
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| 2023 |