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List of popes

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This article is about the Catholic Church. For popes of the Coptic Orthodox Church, seeList of Coptic Orthodox popes. For Palmarian popes, seeList of Palmarian popes. For popes of the Legio Maria, seeList of Legio Maria popes. For a graphical representation of this list, seeList of popes (graphical).

Plaque commemorating the popes buried inSt. Peter's Basilica (their names in Latin and the year of their burial)

This chronological list ofpopes of theCatholic Church corresponds to that given in theAnnuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated asantipopes. Published every year by theRoman Curia, theAnnuario Pontificio no longeridentifies popes by regnal number, stating that it is impossible to decide which pope represented the legitimate succession at various times.^[1] The 2001 edition of theAnnuario Pontificio introduced "almost 200 corrections to its existing biographies of the popes, from St Peter to John Paul II". The corrections concerned dates, especially in the first two centuries, birthplaces and the family name of one pope.^[2]

The termpope (Latin:papa,lit. 'father') is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for exampleCoptic pope). This title in English usage usually refers to the head of the Catholic Church. The Catholic pope uses various titles by tradition, includingSummus Pontifex,Pontifex Maximus, andServus servorum Dei. Each title has been added by unique historical events and unlike other papal prerogatives, is not incapable of modification.^[3]

Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 withLeo IX as number 154. Several changes were made to the list during the 20th century.Christopher was considered a legitimate pope for a long time but was removed due to how he obtained the papacy.Pope-elect Stephen was listed as Stephen II until the 1961 edition, when his name was removed. The decisions of theCouncil of Pisa (1409) were reversed in 1963 in a reinterpretation of theWestern Schism, extendingGregory XII's pontificate to 1415 and classifying rival claimantsAlexander V andJohn XXIII as antipopes.

A significant number of these popes have been recognized assaints, including 48 out of the first 50 consecutive popes, and others are in the sainthood process. Of the first 31 popes, 28 died as martyrs.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Date and Place of birth	Notes
1	30 –c. 64 (c. 34 years)	StPeter PETRVS	Bethsaida,Judaea,Roman Empire^{[birth 1]}	Born as Shimon, son of Yonah, a Jew fromJudaea. Aperegrinus, free provincial subject of theRoman Empire who was not aRoman citizen. Feast day (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) 29 June.Apostle of Jesus. According to Catholic tradition, he received the keys of theKingdom of Heaven (Matthew 16:18–19). The Catholic Church recognizes him as the first Bishop of Rome appointed by Christ, and therefore the first pope. Also revered as saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 29 June.^[6]St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City is named after him.
2	c. 64 –c. 76 (?) (11–12 years)	StLinus LINVS	Volterrae,Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 2]}	First Roman pope.Roman citizen, born inItalia, thehomeland of theancient Romans.^{[birth 3]}^[7] Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June. Possibly mentioned in theNew Testament (Second Epistle to Timothy 4:21).^[8]
3	c. 76 –c. 88 (?) (12 years)	StAnacletus ANACLETVS	Athenae,Achaea, Roman Empire^{[birth 4]}	First Greek pope. Aperegrinus, free provincial subject of theRoman Empire who was not aRoman citizen. Feast day 26 April. Once erroneously split intoCletus andAnacletus.^[9] Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
4	c. 88 –c. 97 (?) (9 years)	StClement I CLEMENS	Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}	Roman citizen, born in the capital of theRoman Empire. Feast day 23 November. The earliestApostolic Father; issued1 Clement, which is said to be the basis of apostolic authority for the clergy. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 November. Possibly mentioned in theNew Testament (Epistle to the Philippians 4:3).^[10] He was martyred by being tied to an anchor and being thrown in the sea.
5	c. 97 –c. 105 (?) (7–8 years)	StEvaristus EVARISTVS	Bethlehem,Iudaea, Roman Empire^{[birth 6]}	Hellenized Jew. Aperegrinus, free provincial subject of theRoman Empire who was not aRoman citizen. Feast day of 26 October. Said to have divided Rome into parishes, assigning a priest to each.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Date and Place of birth	Notes
6	c. 105 –c. 115 (?) (10 years)	StAlexander I ALEXANDER	Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}	Roman citizen, born in the capital of theRoman Empire. Feast day 3 May. Inaugurated the custom of blessing houses with holy water. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 March.
7	c. 115 –c. 125 (10 years)	StSixtus I SYXTVS	42 Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}	A Roman of Greek descent, born inItalia, thehomeland of theancient Romans. Uncertain if he was aperegrinus (a free subject of theRoman Empire) or aRoman citizen. Feast day 6 April. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.
8	c. 125 –c. 136 (11 years)	StTelesphorus TELESPHORVS	Terra Nova, Italia, Roman Empire	A Roman of Greek descent, born inItalia, thehomeland of theancient Romans. Uncertain if he was aperegrinus (a free subject of theRoman Empire) or aRoman citizen. Feast day 5 January. Church FatherSt. Irenaeus called him a great martyr; the earliest attested martyrdom of pope after St. Peter. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 22 February.
9	c. 136 –c. 140 (4 years)	StHyginus HYGINVS	Athens, Achaea, Roman Empire^{[birth 4]}	Greek. Aperegrinus, free provincial subject of theRoman Empire who was not aRoman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 11 January.
10	c. 140 –c. 155 (15 years)	StPius I PIVS	Aquileia, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 7]}	Roman citizen, born inItalia, thehomeland of theancient Romans. Brother of the freedmanHermas. Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July. Decreed thatEaster should only be celebrated on a Sunday.
11	c. 155 – 166/7 (11–12 years)	StAnicetus ANICETVS	Emesa,Syria, Roman Empire^{[birth 8]}	Hellenized Syrian; first Syrian pope. Aperegrinus, free provincial subject of theRoman Empire who was not aRoman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 20 April. Decreed that priests are not allowed to have long hair. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.
12	166/7 – 174/5 (8–9 years)	StSoter SOTERIVS	Fundi, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 7]}	Roman citizen, born inItalia, thehomeland of theancient Romans. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 22 April. Declared that marriage was valid as a sacrament blessed by a priest; formally inaugurated Easter as an annual festival in Rome.
13	174/5 – 189 (14–15 years)	StEleutherius ELEVTHERIVS	Nicopolis,Epirus, Roman Empire^{[birth 9]}	Greek. Aperegrinus, free provincial subject of theRoman Empire who was not aRoman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 6 May.
14	189 – 198/9 (9–10 years)	StVictor I VICTOR	Africa, Roman Empire^{[birth 10]}	Roman Berber; first pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. Uncertain if he was aperegrinus (a free subject of theRoman Empire) or aRoman citizen. Feast day 28 July or 11 January. Known for excommunicatingTheodotus of Byzantium.Quartodecimanism controversy.
15	198/199 – August/December 217 (18–19 years)	StZephyrinus ZEPHYRINVS	Rome, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}	Roman citizen, born in the capital of theRoman Empire. Although not physically martyred (murdered), he is called a martyr for the suffering he endured; feast day 20 December. Combated against theadoptionist heresies of the followers of Theodotus of Byzantium, who were ruled by Theodotus and Asclepiodotus.
—	c. 198/199 – c. 199/200 (1 year)	Natalius NATALIVS	Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}	Roman citizen, born in the capital of theRoman Empire. In opposition toZephyrinus. Later reconciled.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end	Notes
16	August/December 217 – 14 October 222 (4 years, 2–4 months)	StCallixtus I CALLIXTVS	Rome, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred; feast day 14 October.
—	217 – 235 (18 years)	StHippolytus HIPPOLYTVS	c. 170	47 / 65	Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). In opposition toCallixtus I,Urban I, andPontian. Later reconciled with Pontian (see below).
17	7 June (?) 222 – 19 May 230 (7 years, 346 days)	StUrban I VRBANVS	Rome, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen. Feast day 25 May. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
18	21 July 230 – 28 September 235 (5 years, 69 days)	StPontian PONTIANVS	Rome, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen. Feast day 13 August. First to abdicate after exile toSardinia by EmperorMaximinus Thrax. TheLiberian Catalogue recorded his death on 28 September 235, the earliest exact date in papal history.^[12]^[13] Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
19	21 November 235 – 3 January 236 (43 days)	StAnterus ANTERVS	Petelia, Italy, Roman Empire		Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Feast day 3 January. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
20	10 February 236 – 20 January 250 (13 years, 344 days)	StFabian FABIANVS	Rome, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen. Feast day 20 January. Divided the communities of Rome into seven districts, each supervised by a deacon. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
21	March 251 – June 253 (2 years, 3 months)	StCornelius CORNELIVS	Rome, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen. Died as a martyr through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September.
—	March 251 – 258 (7 years)	Novatian NOVATIANVS	c. 200–220 Rome, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}	31–51 / 38–58	Roman citizen. Founder ofNovatianism. In opposition toCornelius,Lucius I,Stephen I, andSixtus II.
22	25 June 253 – 5 March 254 (253 days)	StLucius I LUCIVS	Rome, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen. Feast day 5 March.
23	12 March 254 – 2 August 257 (3 years, 143 days)	StStephen I STEPHANVS	Rome, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
24	31 August 257 – 6 August 258 (340 days)	StSixtus II SYXTVS Secundus	Athens, Achaea, Roman Empire^{[birth 4]}		Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred by beheading; feast day 6 August. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
25	22 July 259 – 27 December 268 (9 years, 158 days)	StDionysius DIONYSIVS	Terra Nova, Italy, Roman Empire		Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Feast day 26 December.
26	5 January 269 – 30 December 274 (5 years, 359 days)	StFelix I FELIX	Rome, Italy Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen. Feast day 30 December.
27	4 January 275 – 7 December 283 (8 years, 337 days)	StEutychian EVTYCHIANVS	Luna, Italy, Roman Empire (Now Luni, Italy)		Roman citizen. Feast day 8 December.
28	17 December 283 – 22 April 296 (12 years, 127 days)	StCaius CAIVS	Salona,Dalmatia, Roman Empire		Roman citizen. Martyred by beheading (according to legend); feast day 22 April. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 11 August.
29	30 June 296 – 25 October 304 (8 years, 117 days)	StMarcellinus MARCELLINVS	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen. Feast day 26 April. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end	Notes
30	27 May 308 – 16 January 309 (234 days)	StMarcellus I MARCELLVS	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen. Banished from Rome underMaxentius (309); feast day 16 January.
31	18 April 309 – 17 August 310 (1 year, 121 days)	StEusebius EVSEBIVS	Achaea, Roman Empire		Roman citizen of Greek descent. Banished by the emperorMaxentius and died in exile; feast day 17 August.
32	2 July 311 – 10 January 314 (2 years, 192 days)	StMiltiades (Melchiades) MILTIADES	Africa, Roman Empire		Roman citizen ofBerber descent. Feast day 10 January. First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through theEdict of Milan (313 AD), issued byConstantine the Great. Presided over theLateran Council of 313.
33	31 January 314 – 31 December 335 (21 years, 334 days)	StSylvester I SILVESTER	Fanum Sancti Angeli de Scala,Apulia et Calabria, Roman Empire		Roman citizen. Feast day 31 December. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 2 January. Pope during theFirst Council of Nicaea (325), the first ecumenical council. Under him were built: theArchbasilica of Saint John Lateran, theSanta Croce in Gerusalemme, and theOld St. Peter's Basilica. Stated to be the recipient of theDonation of Constantine, which was later shown to be a forgery.
34	18 January 336 – 7 October 336 (263 days)	StMark MARCVS	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire		Roman citizen. Feast day 7 October. One of Mark's undertakings was to compile stories of the lives of martyrs and bishops before his time. There is some reason to believe he founded two churches in the area of Rome. One of them is still known to this day as the Church of San Marco, although it is greatly changed since his time. The other church was at the Catacomb of Balbina, a cemetery. Emperor Constantine gave gifts of land and furnishing for both buildings.
35	6 February 337 – 12 April 352 (15 years, 66 days)	StJulius I IVLIVS	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire		Roman citizen. Feast day 12 April. He was involved in theArian controversy, supportingAthanasius of Alexandria.
36	17 May 352 – 24 September 366 (14 years, 130 days)	Liberius LIBERIVS	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire		Roman citizen. Banished by the Arian-leaning EmperorConstantius II and later yielding to him. Earliest pope not canonized by the Latin Church. Revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 27 August.^[14]
—	355 – 22 November 365 (10 years, 0 days)	Felix II FELIX Secundus	c. 300 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire	55 / 65	Roman citizen. In opposition toLiberius. Installed by Arian-leaning EmperorConstantius II.
37	1 October 366 – 11 December 384 (18 years, 71 days)	StDamasus I DAMASVS	c. 305Egitania,Lusitania or Rome, Italy, Roman Empire	60 / 78	Roman citizen. The first pope from modern-dayPortugal. Feast day 11 December. Patron ofJerome, commissioned theVulgate translation of the Bible. Pope during theFirst Council of Constantinople (381), the second ecumenical council, and theCouncil of Rome (382). First pope to be the official head of the church after EmperorGratian abdicated the title ofPontifex Maximus.
—	1 October 366 – 16 November 367 (1 year, 46 days)	Ursinus VRSINVS	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire		Roman citizen. In opposition toDamasus I. Banished toGallia by EmperorValentinian II after a war between two sects and died after 384.
38	17 December 384 – 26 November 399 (14 years, 344 days)	StSiricius SIRICIVS	c. 334 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire	50 / 65	Roman citizen. Feast day 26 November. His famous letters—the earliest surviving texts of papal decretals—focus particularly on religious discipline and include decisions on baptism, consecration, ordination, penance, and continence. Siricius' important decretal of 386 (written to BishopHimerius of Tarragona), commanding celibacy for priests, was the first decree on this subject.^[15]
39	27 November 399 – 19 December 401 (2 years, 22 days)	StAnastasius I ANASTASIVS	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire		Roman citizen. Feast day 19 December. Instructed priests to stand and bow their heads as they read from theGospels.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Date and Place of birth	Notes
40	21 December 401 – 12 March 417 (15 years, 81 days)	StInnocent I INNOCENTIVS	Albanum,Latium et Campania, Roman Empire	Roman citizen. Feast day 12 March. VisigothSack of Rome (410) underAlaric I.
41	18 March 417 – 26 December 418 (1 year, 283 days)	StZosimus ZOSIMVS	Messurga,Lucania et Bruttii, Roman Empire	Roman citizen of Greek descent. Feast day 27 December.
—	27 December 418 – 3 April 419 (97 days)	Eulalius EVLALIVS	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire	Roman citizen. In opposition toBoniface I. Elected on the eve of the election of Boniface, first benefited from the support of the emperorHonorius but lost it quickly. Exiled to Campania and died in 423.
42	28 December 418 – 4 September 422 (3 years, 250 days)	StBoniface I BONIFACIVS	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire	Roman citizen. Feast day 25 October.
43	10 September 422 – 27 July 432 (9 years, 321 days)	StCelestine I CAELESTINVS	Campania, Roman Empire	Roman citizen. Feast day 27 July. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 8 April. Pope during theCouncil of Ephesus (431), the third ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox churches.
44	31 July 432 – 18 August 440 (8 years, 18 days)	StSixtus III SYXTVS Tertius	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire	Roman citizen. Feast day 28 March.
45	29 September 440 – 10 November 461 (21 years, 42 days)	StLeo I "the Great" LEO MAGNVS	Etruria, Italia, Roman Empire	Roman citizen. Feast day 10 November. ConvincedAttila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy. Convinced theVandals to spare the lives of the citizenry of Rome during their sack of the city. Wrote theTome, which was instrumental in theCouncil of Chalcedon (451) and in defining thehypostatic union. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 February.
46	19 November 461 – 29 February 468 (6 years, 102 days)	StHilarius HILARIVS	Sardinia, Italy,Western Roman Empire	Roman citizen. Feast day 28 February.
47	3 March 468 – 10 March 483 (15 years, 7 days)	StSimplicius SIMPLICIVS	Tibur, Italy, Western Roman Empire	Roman citizen, later a subject of theKingdom of Italy. Feast day 10 March. Pope during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent overtaking of Rome and Italy in general byOdoacer.
48	13 March 483 – 1 March 492 (8 years, 354 days)	StFelix III FELIX Tertius	Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire	Roman citizen, later a subject of theKingdom of Italy. Feast day 1 March. Sometimes called Felix II. Great-great-grandfather ofGregory I.
49	1 March 492 – 21 November 496 (4 years, 265 days)	StGelasius I GELASIVS	Mons Ferratus,Quinquegentiani, Africa, Western Roman Empire	Roman citizen of Berber descent, later a subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy; last pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. Feast day 21 November. The first pope called theVicarius Christi (Vicar of Christ).^[16]
50	24 November 496 – 19 November 498 (1 year, 360 days)	Anastasius II ANASTASIVS Secundus	Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire	Roman citizen of Greek descent, later a subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Tried to end theAcacian schism, but it resulted in theLaurentian schism. Earliest pope not canonized by either the Latin Church or the Eastern Church.
51	22 November 498 – 19 July 514 (15 years, 239 days)	StSymmachus SYMMACHVS	Sardinia, Italy, Western Roman Empire	Roman citizen, later a subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 19 July.
—	22 November 498 – Aug 506/8 (7 years, 252 days)	Laurentius LAVRENTIVS	Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire	Roman citizen, later a subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. In opposition toSymmachus. Elected on the same day as Symachus, KingTheodoric settled in favour of his adversary. Took control of Rome in 501 and remained pope in fact until he died in 506/08.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end	Notes
52	20 July 514 – 6 August 523 (9 years, 17 days)	StHormisdas HORMISDAS	c. 450Frusino, Italy, Western Roman Empire	64 / 73	Roman citizen, later a subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 6 August. Father ofSilverius.Acacian schism.
53	13 August 523 – 18 May 526 (2 years, 278 days)	StJohn I IOANNES	Sena Iulia, Italy, Western Roman Empire		Roman citizen, later a subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 18 May.
54	12 July 526 – 22 September 530 (4 years, 72 days)	StFelix IV FELIX Quartus	Samnium,Kingdom of Odoacer		Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy of Roman descent. Feast day 30 January. Sometimes called Felix III. BuiltSanti Cosma e Damiano.
55	22 September 530 – 17 October 532 (2 years, 25 days)	Boniface II BONIFACIVS Secundus	Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer		Ostrogoth. Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. FirstGermanic pope. Changed the numbering of the years in theJulian Calendar from theEra of the Martyrs toAnno Domini.
—	22 September 530 – 14 October 530 (22 days)	Dioscorus DIOSCORVS	Alexandria,Aegyptus,Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen of Greek descent. In opposition toBoniface II. Candidate of the Byzantine party, elected by the majority of the cardinals and recognized byConstantinople, died less than a month after his election.
56	2 January 533 – 8 May 535 (2 years, 126 days)	John II IOANNES Secundus	Rome, Western Roman Empire		Roman citizen, later a subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. First pope not to use his personal name, as it was associated with the Roman godMercury.
57	13 May 535 – 22 April 536 (356 days)	StAgapetus I AGAPETVS	Rome,Kingdom of Odoacer		Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy of Roman descent. Feast days 22 April and 20 September. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.
58	8 June 536 – 11 March 537 (276 days)	StSilverius SILVERIVS	Cicanum,Ostrogothic Kingdom		Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy of Roman descent. Exiled; feast day 20 June. Son ofHormisdas.
59	29 March 537 – 7 June 555 (18 years, 70 days)	Vigilius VIGILIVS	Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer		Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Pope during theSecond Council of Constantinople (553), the fifth ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
60	16 April 556 – 4 March 561 (4 years, 322 days)	Pelagius I PELAGIVS	Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom		Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Credited with the construction of the basilica ofSanti Apostoli.
61	17 July 561 – 13 July 574 (12 years, 361 days)	John III IOANNES Tertius	Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom		Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Second pope not to use his personal name.
62	2 June 575 – 30 July 579 (4 years, 58 days)	Benedict I BENEDICTVS	Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom		Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
63	26 November 579 – 7 February 590 (10 years, 73 days)	Pelagius II PELAGIVS Secundus	Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom		Romanized Ostrogoth. Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Ordered the construction of theBasilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura.
64	3 September 590 – 12 March 604 (13 years, 191 days)	StGregory I "the Great" GREGORIVS MAGNVS	c. 540 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire	50 / 64	Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 3 September. Great-great-grandson of pope Felix III. The first formally to employ the titlesPontifex Maximus andServus servorum Dei. Established theGregorian chant. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 12 March. Known as "the Father of Christian Worship." Known as "St. Gregory the Dialogist" inEastern Orthodoxy.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end	Notes
65	13 September 604 – 22 February 606 (1 year, 162 days)	Sabinian SABINIANVS	Blera, Eastern Roman Empire		Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. For the next two centuries the Roman popes were all controlled by theByzantine Empire.
66	19 February 607 – 12 November 607 (266 days)	Boniface III BONIFACIVS Tertius	Rome, Eastern Roman Empire		Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek descent.
67	15 September 608 – 8 May 615 (6 years, 235 days)	StBoniface IV BONIFACIVS Quartus	Marsica, Eastern Roman Empire		Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 8 May. First pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict.
68	13 November 615 – 8 November 618 (2 years, 360 days)	StAdeodatus I ADEODATVS orDEVSDEDIT	Rome, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 8 November. Sometimes called Deusdedit. The first pope to use lead seals on papal documents, which in time came to be calledpapal bulls.
69	23 December 619 – 25 October 625 (5 years, 306 days)	Boniface V BONIFACIVS Quintus	Neapolis, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
70	27 October 625 – 12 October 638 (12 years, 350 days)	Honorius I HONORIVS	Ceperanum, Campania, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Named a heretic andanathematized by theThird Council of Constantinople (680).
71	28 May 640 – 2 August 640 (66 days)	Severinus SEVERINVS	Rome, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
72	24 December 640 – 12 October 642 (1 year, 292 days)	John IV IOANNES Quartus	Iadera, Dalmatia, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
73	24 November 642 – 14 May 649 (6 years, 171 days)	Theodore I THEODORVS	Hierosolyma, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. The last pope fromPalestine. Planned theLateran Council of 649, but died before it could open.
74	5 July 649 – 12 November 655 (6 years, 130 days)	StMartin I MARTINVS	NearTuder,Umbria, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Last pope recognized as a martyr; feast day 12 November. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 14 April.
75	10 August 654 – 2 June 657 (2 years, 296 days)	StEugene I EVGENIVS	Rome,Duchy of Rome,Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 2 June.
76	30 July 657 – 27 January 672 (14 years, 181 days)	StVitalian VITALIANVS	Signia, Duchy of Rome,Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 27 January.
77	11 April 672 – 17 June 676 (4 years, 67 days)	Adeodatus II ADEODATVS Secundus	Rome, Duchy of Rome,Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Sometimes called Adeodatus, without a number, in reference toAdeodatus I sometimes being called Deusdedit. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict.
78	2 November 676 – 11 April 678 (1 year, 160 days)	Donus DONVS	Rome, Duchy of Rome,Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
79	27 June 678 – 10 January 681 (2 years, 197 days)	StAgatho AGATHO	c. 577Panormus,Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire	101 / 104	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 10 January. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 20 February. Pope during theThird Council of Constantinople (680), the sixth ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
80	17 August 682 – 3 July 683 (320 days)	StLeo II LEO Secundus	Aydonum, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 3 July.
81	26 June 684 – 8 May 685 (316 days)	StBenedict II BENEDICTVS Secundus	Rome, Duchy of Rome,Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 7 May.
82	23 July 685 – 2 August 686 (1 year, 10 days)	John V IOANNES Quintus	Antiochia, Syria, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity.
83	21 October 686 – 21 September 687 (335 days)	Conon CONON	Thracia, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity.
84	15 December 687 – 8 September 701 (13 years, 267 days)	StSergius I SERGIVS	Palermo, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was a Hellenized Syrian. Introduced the singing of the Lamb of God at mass.^[16]

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
85	30 October 701 – 11 January 705 (3 years, 73 days)	John VI IOANNES Sextus	Ioannes	Ephesus, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. The only pope who came fromAsia Minor.
86	1 March 705 – 18 October 707 (2 years, 231 days)	John VII IOANNES Septimus	Ioannes	Rossanum,Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. The second pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
87	15 January 708 – 4 February 708 (20 days)	Sisinnius SISINNIVS	Sisinnius	Syria,Rashidun Caliphate		Subject of theRashidun Caliphate. Was of Syrian ethnicity.
88	25 March 708 – 9 April 715 (7 years, 15 days)	Constantine CONSTANTINVS	Constantinus	Tyre, Syria,Umayyad Caliphate		Subject of theUmayyad Caliphate. Was of Syrian ethnicity. Last pope to visitGreece while in office untilJohn Paul II in 2001.
89	19 May 715 – 11 February 731 (15 years, 268 days)	StGregory II GREGORIVS Secundus	Gregorius	669 Rome, Duchy of Rome (Eastern Roman Empire)	46 / 62	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 11 February. Held theSynod of Rome (721).
90	18 March 731 – 28 November 741 (10 years, 255 days)	StGregory III GREGORIVS Tertius	Gregorius	Syria,Umayyad Caliphate		Subject of theUmayyad Caliphate; the last pope fromSyria. The third pope to come from aMuslim country. The third pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Last pope to have been born outside Europe until the election ofFrancis in 2013.
91	3 December 741 – 22 March 752 (10 years, 110 days)	StZachary ZACHARIAS	Zacharias	Sancta Severina, Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 15 March. Built the church ofSanta Maria sopra Minerva.
—	23 March 752 – 26 March 752 (3 days) (Never took office as pope)	Stephen (II) STEPHANVS (Secundus)	Stephanus	Rome, Duchy of Rome,Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Previously known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election, having never receivedepiscopal consecration. Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the sixteenth century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.
92	26 March 752 – 26 April 757 (5 years, 31 days)	Stephen II STEPHANUS Secundus	Stephanus	Rome, Duchy of Rome,Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independentPapal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Sometimes called Stephen III. TheDonation of Pepin. Brother ofPaul I.
93	29 May 757 – 28 June 767 (10 years, 30 days)	StPaul I PAVLVS	Paulus	Rome, Duchy of Rome,Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independentPapal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Brother ofStephen II.
94	7 August 768 – 24 January 772 (3 years, 170 days)	Stephen III STEPHANVS Tertius	Stephanus	c. 720 Syracuse,Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire	42 / 46	(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independentPapal States. Was of Greek ethnicity. Sometimes called Stephen IV. He summoned theLateran Council of 769.
95	1 February 772 – 26 December 795 (23 years, 328 days)	Adrian I HADRIANVS	Hadrianus	Rome, Duchy of Rome,Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independentPapal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Pope during theSecond Council of Nicaea (787), the seventh ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
96	26 December 795 – 12 June 816 (20 years, 169 days)	StLeo III LEO Tertius	Leo	Rome, Duchy of Rome,Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independentPapal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. CrownedCharlemagne emperor on Christmas Day (800), thereby initiating what would become theHoly Roman Empire, requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its rulers' legitimacy.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
97	22 June 816 – 24 January 817 (216 days)	Stephen IV STEPHANVS Quartus	Stephanus	Rome,Papal States		First pope born in Rome after breaking away from the Roman Empire. Sometimes called Stephen V.
98	25 January 817 – 11 February 824 (7 years, 17 days)	StPaschal I PASCHALIS	Paschalis	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Son of Bonosus andEpiscopa Theodora. Credited with finding the body ofSaint Cecilia in theCatacomb of Callixtus and building the basilica ofSanta Cecilia in Trastevere and the church ofSanta Maria in Domnica.
99	8 May 824 – 27 August 827 (3 years, 111 days)	Eugene II EVGENIVS Secundus	Eugenius	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
100	31 August 827 – 10 October 827 (40 days)	Valentine VALENTINVS	Valentinus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
101	20 December 827 – 25 January 844 (16 years, 36 days)	Gregory IV GREGORIVS Quartus	Gregorius	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Rebuilt the atrium ofSt. Peter's Basilica and in the newly decorated chapel transferred the body ofGregory I.
102	25 January 844 – 27 January 847 (3 years, 2 days)	Sergius II SERGIVS Secundus	Sergius	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
103	10 April 847 – 17 July 855 (8 years, 98 days)	StLeo IV LEO Quartus	Leo,O.S.B.	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict.
104	29 September 855 – 17 April 858 (2 years, 200 days)	Benedict III BENEDICTVS Tertius	Benedictus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
105	24 April 858 – 13 November 867 (9 years, 203 days)	StNicholas I "the Great" NICOLAVS MAGNVS	Nicolaus	c. 800 Rome, Papal States	58 / 67	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Feast day 13 November. Encouraged missionary activity.
106	14 December 867 – 14 December 872 (5 years, 0 days)	Adrian II HADRIANVS Secundus	Hadrianus	c. 792 Rome, Papal States	75 / 80	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Pope during theFourth Council of Constantinople (869–870), the eighth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.
107	14 December 872 – 16 December 882 (10 years, 2 days)	John VIII IOANNES Octavus	Ioannes	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. First pope to be assassinated.
108	16 December 882 – 15 May 884 (1 year, 151 days)	Marinus I MARINVS	Marinus	Gallese, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Erroneously also known as Martin II.
109	17 May 884 – 8 July 885 (1 year, 121 days)	StAdrian III HADRIANVS Tertius	Hadrianus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Feast day 8 July. Adrian I was possibly his ancestor.
110	September 885 – 14 September 891 (5 years, 355 days)	Stephen V STEPHANVS Quintus	Stephanus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Sometimes called Stephen VI.
111	6 October 891 – 4 April 896 (4 years, 181 days)	Formosus FORMOSVS	Formosus	c. 816Ostia, Papal States	75 / 80	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.Posthumously executed in early 897 following theCadaver Synod. His body was reburied with full Christian honours in 897.
112	11 April 896 – 26 April 896 (15 days)	Boniface VI BONIFATIVS Sextus	Bonifatius	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
113	22 May 896 – 14 August 897 (1 year, 84 days)	Stephen VI STEPHANVS	Stephanus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Sometimes called Stephen VII. Held the infamousCadaver Synod.
114	14 August 897 – Nov 897 (92 days)	Romanus ROMANVS	Romanus	Gallese, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
115	December 897 – 20 December 897 (19 days)	Theodore II THEODORVS Secundus	Theodorus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Was of Greek ethnicity.
116	18 January 898 – 5 January 900 (1 year, 352 days)	John IX IOANNES Nonus	Ioannes,O.S.B.	Tivoli, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict.
117	1 February 900 – 30 July 903 (3 years, 179 days)	Benedict IV BENEDICTVS Quartus	Benedictus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
118	30 July 903 – Dec 903 (124 days)	Leo V LEO Quintus	Leo	Ardea, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Deposed and murdered.
—	October 903 – January 904 (92 days)	Christopher CHRISTOFORO	Christoforo	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toLeo V.
119	29 January 904 – 14 April 911 (7 years, 75 days)	Sergius III SERGIVS Tertius	Sergius	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.Saeculum obscurum began. The first pope to be depicted with thePapal tiara.
120	14 April 911 – June 913 (2 years, 48 days)	Anastasius III ANASTASIVS Tertius	Anastasius	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
121	7 July 913 – 5 February 914 (213 days)	Lando LANDO	Lando	Sabina, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Last to use a new and non-composed regnal name untilFrancis (2013–present).
122	March 914 – 28 May 928 (14 years, 88 days)	John X IOANNES Decimus	Ioannes	Tossignano, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
123	28 May 928 – Dec 928 (187 days)	Leo VI LEO Sextus	Leo	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
124	3 February 929 – 13 February 931 (2 years, 10 days)	Stephen VII STEPHANVS Septimus	Stephanus de Gabrielli	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Sometimes called Stephen VIII.
125	15 March 931 – Dec 935 (4 years, 261 days)	John XI IOANNES Undecimus	Johannes	c. 910 (?) Rome, Papal States	21? / 25?	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Probably, according to theLiber Pontificalis andLiutprand of Cremona, the son of Pope Sergius III, who was Marozia's husband, and not of Alberic I of Spoleto.
126	3 January 936 – 13 July 939 (3 years, 191 days)	Leo VII LEO Septimus	Leo,O.S.B.	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict.
127	14 July 939 – 30 October 942 (3 years, 108 days)	Stephen VIII STEPHANVS Octavus	Stephanus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Sometimes called Stephen IX.
128	30 October 942 – 1 May 946 (3 years, 183 days)	Marinus II MARINVS Secundus	Marinus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Erroneously also known as Martin III.
129	10 May 946 – 8 November 955 (9 years, 182 days)	Agapetus II AGAPETVS Secundus	Agapetus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
130	16 December 955 – 6 December 963 (8 years, 356 days)	John XII IOANNES Duodecimus	Ottaviano	c. 930–37 Rome, Papal States	18–25 / 26–33	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Third pope not to use his personal name (Octavian). Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto invalidly.
—	6 December 963 – 26 February 964 (82 days)	Leo VIII LEO Octavus	Leo	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. Appointed antipope byEmperor Otto I in 963 in opposition toJohn XII andBenedict V. His pontificate from 963 to 964 is considered illegitimate by today's Catholic Church.
130	26 February 964 – 14 May 964 (78 days)	John XII IOANNES Duodecimus	Ottaviano	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Possibly murdered in 964. End of theSaeculum obscurum.
131	22 May 964 – 23 June 964 (32 days)	Benedict V BENEDICTVS Quintus	Benedetto	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Elected by the people of Rome in opposition toLeo VIII, who was appointed by Emperor Otto. He accepted his own deposition in 964, leaving Leo VIII as the sole pope.
132	23 June 964 – 1 March 965 (251 days)	Leo VIII LEO Octavus	Leo	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. His pontificate after the deposition of Benedict V is considered legitimate by the modern Catholic Church.
133	1 October 965 – 6 September 972 (6 years, 341 days)	John XIII IOANNES Tertius Decimus	Giovanni dei Crescenzi	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Chronicled after his death as "the Good."
134	19 January 973 – 8 June 974 (1 year, 140 days)	Benedict VI BENEDICTVS Sextus	Benedetto	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Deposed and murdered.
—	July 974 – July 974 (30 days)	Boniface VII BONIFATIUS Septimus	Francone Ferucci	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States, born Francone Ferucci. In opposition toBenedict VI andBenedict VII.
135	October 974 – 10 July 983 (8 years, 282 days)	Benedict VII BENEDICTVS Septimus	Benedetto	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
136	December 983 – 20 August 984 (263 days)	John XIV IOANNES Quartus Decimus	Pietro Canepanova	Pavia,Kingdom of Italy,Holy Roman Empire		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Fourth pope not to use his personal name (Pietro Canepanova).
—	20 August 984 – 20 July 985 (334 days)	Boniface VII BONIFATIUS Septimus	Francone Ferucci	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toJohn XIV andJohn XV.
137	20 August 985 – 1 April 996 (10 years, 225 days)	John XV IOANNES Quintus Decimus	Giovanni di Gallina Alba	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. The first pope to formally canonize a saint.
138	3 May 996 – 18 February 999 (2 years, 291 days)	Gregory V GREGORIVS Quintus	Bruno of Carinthia	c. 972Stainach,Duchy of Carinthia, Holy Roman Empire	24 / 27	Subject of theDuchy of Carinthia. First official German pope and fifth pope not to use his personal name (Bruno). Henceforth, this decision became tradition among future popes.
—	April 997 – February 998 (306 days)	John XVI IOANNES Sextus Decimus	Ioannis Philagathos,O.S.B.	Rossanum, Calabria, Italy, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. In opposition toGregory V.
139	2 April 999 – 12 May 1003 (4 years, 40 days)	Sylvester II SILVESTER Secundus	Gerbert of Aurillac,O.S.B.	c. 945Belliac,France	54 / 58	Subject of theKingdom of France. First French (Occitan) pope. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict.

Popes of the 15th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
204	17 October 1404 – 6 November 1406 (2 years, 20 days)	Innocent VII INNOCENTIVS Septimus	Cosimo Gentile Migliorati	1339 Sulmona, Kingdom of Naples	65 / 67	Subject of theKingdom of Naples. Reigned during theWestern Schism.
205	30 November 1406 – 4 July 1415 (8 years, 216 days)	Gregory XII GREGORIVS Duodecimus	AngeloCorrer	13 May 1326Venice,Republic of Venice^[22]	80 / 89 (†91)	Citizen of theRepublic of Venice. Reigned during theWestern Schism. Confirmed theCouncil of Constance (1415). Abdicated.
—	30 June 1409 – 3 May 1410 (307 days)	Alexander V ALEXANDER Quintus	Pétros Philárgēs, O.F.M.	1339Neapoli,Candia,Republic of Venice	70 / 71	Citizen of theRepublic of Venice. Was of Greek ethnicity.Western Schism. In opposition toGregory XII. Considered a legitimate pope until 1963 and is still numbered as such to this day.
—	25 May 1410 – 30 May 1415 (5 years, 5 days)	John XXIII IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius	Baldassarre Cossa	1365Procida,Naples	45 / 50 (†54)	Subject of theKingdom of Naples.Western Schism. In opposition toGregory XII. Convened theCouncil of Constance (1414). Deposed. Became thedean of the College of Cardinals in 1417. Was considered a legitimate pope until 1958.
—	4 July 1415 – 11 November 1417 (2 years, 136 days)	Interregnum				Two-year period without a valid pope elected. TheCouncil of Constance (1414–1418) called on all three papal claimants to abdicate, but onlyGregory XII (Roman) did.John XXIII (Pisan) was deposed,Benedict XIII (Avignon) was excommunicated, and a new pope (Martin V) was elected.
206	11 November 1417 – 20 February 1431 (13 years, 101 days)	Martin V MARTINVS Quintus	OddoneColonna	Jan/Feb 1369Genazzano, Papal States	48 / 62	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. His election effectively ended the Western Schism (1378–1417). Convened theCouncil of Basel (1431). Initiated theHussite Wars.
—	10 June 1423 – 26 July 1429 (6 years, 36 days)	Clement VIII CLEMENS Octavus	Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón	1369Teruel,Aragon,Crown of Aragon	54 / 60 (†77)	Subject of theKingdom of Aragon.Western Schism. In opposition toMartin V. Later submitted to Martin V.
—	1424 – 1429 (5 years)	Benedict XIV BENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus	Bernard Garnier	France		Subject of theKingdom of France. Two antipope claimants.^[23]
—	1430 – 1437 (7 years)	Benedict XIV BENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus	Jean Carrier	France		Subject of theKingdom of France. Two antipope claimants.^[24]
207	3 March 1431 – 23 February 1447 (15 years, 357 days)	Eugene IV EVGENIVS Quartus	GabrieleCondulmer,O.S.A.	1383 Venice, Republic of Venice	48 / 64	Citizen of theRepublic of Venice. Member of theAugustinian Order. Nephew ofGregory XII. CrownedEmperor Sigismund at Rome in 1433. Issued the bullCreator Omnium (1434), rescinding any recognition of Portugal's right to conquer theCanary Islands, still pagan. He excommunicated anyone who enslaved newly-converted Christians, the penalty to stand until the captives were restored to their liberty and possessions. Transferred theCouncil of Basel to Ferrara (1438); it was eventually transferred again to Florence (1439–1445) due to thebubonic plague.
—	5 November 1439 – 7 April 1449 (9 years, 153 days)	Felix V FELIX Quintus	Amedeo diSavoia	4 September 1383Chambéry,France	56 / 65 (†67)	Subject of theKingdom of France. In opposition toEugene IV andNicholas V. Later submitted to Nicholas V. Also ruled ascount of Savoy.^[25]
208	6 March 1447 – 24 March 1455 (8 years, 18 days)	Nicholas V NICOLAVS Quintus	Tommaso Parentucelli	13 November 1397 Sarzana, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire	49 / 57	Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Held the 1450jubilee. CrownedEmperor Frederick III at Rome (1452). Issued the bullDum Diversas (1452), allowing Portugal's right to conquer and subjugate Saracens and pagans. Created a library in the Vatican which would eventually become theBibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana.
209	8 April 1455 – 6 August 1458 (3 years, 120 days)	Callixtus III CALLISTVS Tertius	Alfons deBorja	31 December 1378 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon	76 / 79	Subject of theKingdom of Valencia (and therefore subject of theCrown of Aragon). The first Spanish (Valencian) pope. Ordered theFeast of the Transfiguration to be celebrated on 6 August. Ordered theretrial of Joan of Arc, in which she was vindicated. Elevated his two nephews to cardinals, one of whom becamePope Alexander VI.
210	19 August 1458 – 15 August 1464 (5 years, 362 days)	Pius II PIVS Secundus	Enea Silvio BartolomeoPiccolomini	18 October 1405 Corsignano,Republic of Siena, Holy Roman Empire	52 / 58	Citizen of theRepublic of Siena. Displayed a great interest in urban planning. FoundedPienza near Siena as the ideal city in 1462. Known for his work on theCommentaries.
211	30 August 1464 – 26 July 1471 (6 years, 330 days)	Paul II PAVLVS Secundus	Pietro Barbo	23 February 1417 Venice, Republic of Venice	47 / 54	Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Nephew ofEugene IV. Built the Palazzo San Marco (nowPalazzo Venezia). Approved the introduction of printing in the Papal States.
212	9 August 1471 – 12 August 1484 (13 years, 3 days)	Sixtus IV SYXTVS Quartus	Francescodella Rovere,O.F.M.	21 July 1414 Celle Ligure, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire	57 / 70	Citizen of theRepublic of Genoa. Member of theFranciscan Order. Commissioned theSistine Chapel and created theVatican Archives. Authorized theSpanish Inquisition at the request of theCatholic Monarchs of Spain, targetingconverted Jewish Christians in Spain. A patron of the arts, he brought together the group of artists who ushered the Early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpieces of the city's new artistic age. Noted for his nepotism and involvement in thePazzi conspiracy.
213	29 August 1484 – 25 July 1492 (7 years, 331 days)	Innocent VIII INNOCENTIVS Octavus	Giovanni BattistaCybo	1432 Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire	52 / 60	Citizen of theRepublic of Genoa. AppointedTomás de Torquemada. Endorsed the prosecution of witchcraft in the bullSummis desiderantes affectibus (1484).
214	11 August 1492 – 18 August 1503 (11 years, 7 days)	Alexander VI ALEXANDER Sextus	Roderic Llançol i deBorja	1 January 1431 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon	61 / 72	Subject of theKingdom of Valencia (and therefore subject of theCrown of Aragon). Spanish (Valencian); nephew ofCallixtus III; father toCesare Borgia andLucrezia Borgia. Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in the bullInter caetera (1493). Considered one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, partly because he acknowledged fathering several children by his mistresses. As a result, his Italianized Valencian surname, Borgia, became a byword for libertinism and nepotism, which are traditionally considered as characterizing his pontificate.

Popes of the 16th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
215	22 September 1503 – 18 October 1503 (26 days)	Pius III PIVS Tertius	Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini	29 May 1439 Siena, Republic of Siena, Holy Roman Empire	64 / 64	Citizen of theRepublic of Siena. Nephew ofPius II. Founded the Piccolomini Library in theSiena Cathedral.
216	31 October 1503 – 21 February 1513 (9 years, 113 days)	Julius II IVLIVS Secundus	Giulianodella Rovere,O.F.M.	5 December 1443 Albisola, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire	59 / 69	Citizen of theRepublic of Genoa. Nicknamed the "Warrior Pope" or the "Fearsome Pope." Nephew ofSixtus IV. Convened theFifth Council of the Lateran (1512). Took control of all thePapal States for the first time. Became Pope in the context of the Italian Wars, a period in which the major powers of Europe fought for primacy in the Italian peninsula. Established theVatican Museums and initiated the rebuilding of theSt. Peter's Basilica. The same year, he organized the famousSwiss Guard for his personal protection and commanded a successful campaign in Romagna against local lords. The interests of Julius II lay also in the New World, as he ratified theTreaty of Tordesillas, establishing the first bishoprics in the Americas and beginning the catholicization ofLatin America. In 1508, he commissioned theRaphael Rooms and Michelangelo's paintings in the Sistine Chapel. Julius II was described by Machiavelli in his works as the ideal prince. Pope Julius II allowed people seeking indulgences to donate money to the Church which would be used for the construction of St. Peter's Basilica.
217	9 March 1513 – 1 December 1521 (8 years, 267 days)	Leo X LEO Decimus	Giovanni di Lorenzo de'Medici	11 December 1475 Florence,Republic of Florence, Holy Roman Empire	37 / 45	Citizen of theRepublic of Florence. Son ofLorenzo the Magnificent. Closed theFifth Council of the Lateran (1517). Remembered for grantingindulgences to those who donated to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica; excommunicatedMartin Luther (1521). Extended the Spanish Inquisition into Portugal. Borrowed and spent money without circumspection and was a significant patron of the arts. Under his reign, progress was made on the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica and artists such as Raphael decorated the Vatican rooms. Leo also reorganized theRoman University and promoted the study of literature, poetry, and antiquities. The last pope to not have been in the priestly orders at the time of his election to the papacy.
218	9 January 1522 – 14 September 1523 (1 year, 248 days)	Adrian VI HADRIANVS Sextus	Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens	2 March 1459 Utrecht,Bishopric of Utrecht,Holy Roman Empire (nowNetherlands)	62 / 64	Motto:Patere et sustine("Respect and wait")^[26] Subject of theBishopric of Utrecht. The only Dutch pope; last non-Italian to be elected pope untilJohn Paul II in 1978. Tutor ofEmperor Charles V. Came to the papacy in the midst of one of its greatest crises, threatened not only by Lutheranism to the north, but also by the advance of the Ottoman Turks to the east. He refused to compromise with Lutheranism theologically, demanding Luther's condemnation as a heretic. However, he is noted for having attempted to reform the Catholic Church administratively in response to the Protestant Reformation. Adrian's remarkable admission that the turmoil of the Church was the fault of the Roman Curia itself, was read at the 1522–1523 Diet of Nuremberg. His efforts at reform, however, proved fruitless, as they were resisted by most of his Renaissance ecclesiastical contemporaries, and he did not live long enough to see his efforts through to their conclusion.
219	26 November 1523 – 25 September 1534 (10 years, 303 days)	Clement VII CLEMENS Septimus	Giulio di Giuliano de'Medici	26 May 1478 Florence, Republic of Florence, Holy Roman Empire	45 / 56	Motto:Candor illæsus("Unharmed candor")^[27] Citizen of theRepublic of Florence. Cousin ofLeo X. Romesacked by imperial troops (1527). Forbade the divorce ofHenry VIII. Crowned Charles V as emperor atBologna (1530). Commissioned Michelangelo's painting ofThe Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel (1533). ApprovedCopernicus'sheliocentric universe theory (1533). Theniece of the pope was married to the futureHenry II of France (1533). Recognized theOrder of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins).
220	13 October 1534 – 10 November 1549 (15 years, 28 days)	Paul III PAVLVS Tertius	AlessandroFarnese	29 February 1468 Canino, Lazio, Papal States	66 / 81	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Recognized theJesuits (1540). Opened theCouncil of Trent (1545). His illegitimate son became the firstduke of Parma. Decreed the second and final excommunication of KingHenry VIII of England. AppointedMichelangelo to supervise construction of St. Peter's Basilica (1546).
221	7 February 1550 – 29 March 1555 (5 years, 50 days)	Julius III IVLIVS Tertius	Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte	10 September 1487 Rome, Lazio, Papal States	62 / 67	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Reopened theCouncil of Trent (1551). Established theCollegium Germanicum (1552). TheInnocenzo Scandal.
222	9 April 1555 – 1 May 1555 (22 days)	Marcellus II MARCELLVS Secundus	Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi	6 May 1501 Montefano, Marche, Papal States	53 / 53	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. The last to use his birth name as hispapal name. Instituted immediate economies in Vatican expenditures. TheMissa Papae Marcelli was composed in his honour.
223	23 May 1555 – 18 August 1559 (4 years, 87 days)	Paul IV PAVLVS Quartus	Gian PietroCarafa,C.R.	28 June 1476Capriglia Irpina,Campania, Kingdom of Naples	78 / 83	Motto:Dominus mihi adjutor("The Lord is my helper")^[28] Subject of theKingdom of Naples. Founder and member of theTheatines. Established theRoman Ghetto in the bullCum nimis absurdum (1555) and published theIndex of Forbidden Books (1559). Ordered Michelangelo to repaint the nude figures inThe Last Judgment modestly.
224	26 December 1559 – 9 December 1565 (5 years, 348 days)	Pius IV PIVS Quartus	Giovanni AngeloMedici	31 March 1499 Milan,Duchy of Milan, Holy Roman Empire	60 / 66	Subject of theDuchy of Milan. Reopened and closed theCouncil of Trent (1563). Ordered public construction to improve the water supply of Rome. Instituted theTridentine Creed.
225	7 January 1566 – 1 May 1572 (6 years, 115 days)	StPius V PIVS Quintus	Michele Ghislieri,O.P.	17 January 1504 Bosco, Piedmont, Duchy of Milan, Holy Roman Empire	61 / 68	Motto:Utinam dirigantur viæ meæ ad custodiendas("O that my ways may be steadfast in keeping Thy statutes") Subject of theDuchy of Milan. Member of theDominican Order. Excommunicated QueenElizabeth I of England (1570).Battle of Lepanto (1571); instituted the feast ofOur Lady of Victory. Issued the1570 Roman Missal.
226	13 May 1572 – 10 April 1585 (12 years, 322 days)	Gregory XIII GREGORIVS Tertius Decimus	UgoBoncompagni	7 January 1502 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	70 / 83	Motto:Aperuit et clausit("Opened and closed")^[29] Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Built the Gregorian Chapel in the Vatican. The first pope to bestow theImmaculate Conception as the patroness of the Philippine Islands through the bullIlius Fulti Præsido (1579). Strengthened diplomatic ties with Asian nations.Reformed the calendar (1582).
227	24 April 1585 – 27 August 1590 (5 years, 125 days)	Sixtus V SYXTVS Quintus	Felice Peretti di Montalto,O.F.M. Conv.	13 December 1521 Grottammare, Marche, Papal States	63 / 68	Motto:Aqua et panis, vita canis("Water and bread are a dog's life")^[30] Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Member of theConventual Franciscan Order. Known for fixing and completing building works to major basilicas in Rome. Limited theCollege of Cardinals to 70 in number; doubled the number ofcurial congregations.
228	15 September 1590 – 27 September 1590 (12 days)	Urban VII VRBANVS Septimus	Giovanni Battista Castagna	4 August 1521 Rome, Lazio, Papal States	69 / 69	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Supported by the Spanish. Shortest-reigning pope; died before coronation. Set the first known worldwide smoking ban, banning smoking in and near all churches.
229	5 December 1590 – 16 October 1591 (315 days)	Gregory XIV GREGORIVS Quartus Decimus	Niccolò Sfondrati	11 February 1535Somma Lombardo, Lombardy, Duchy of Milan, Holy Roman Empire	55 / 56	Subject of theDuchy of Milan. Modified the constitutionEffraenatam ofSixtus V so that the penalty for abortion did not apply until the foetus became animated (1591). Madegambling on papal elections punishable by excommunication.
230	29 October 1591 – 30 December 1591 (62 days)	Innocent IX INNOCENTIVS Nonus	Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti	20 July 1519 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	72 / 72	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Supported the cause of KingPhilip II of Spain and theCatholic League against KingHenry IV of France in theFrench Wars of Religion. Prohibited the alienation of church property.
231	30 January 1592 – 3 March 1605 (13 years, 32 days)	Clement VIII CLEMENS Octavus	IppolitoAldobrandini	24 February 1536Fano, Marche, Papal States	55 / 69	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Initiated an alliance of European Christian powers to partake in the war with the Ottoman Empire known as theLong War (1595). Convened theCongregatio de Auxiliis, addressing the doctrinal disputes between theDominicans andJesuits regarding free will and divine grace.^[31]

Popes of the 18th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
244	8 May 1721 – 7 March 1724 (2 years, 304 days)	Innocent XIII INNOCENTIVS Tertius Decimus	Michelangelo deiConti	13 May 1655Poli, Lazio, Papal States	65 / 68	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Prohibited theJesuits from prosecuting their mission inChina, ordering that no new members should be received into the order. Issued the papal bullApostolici Ministerii (1724) to revive ecclesiastical discipline inSpain.
245	29 May 1724 – 21 February 1730 (5 years, 268 days)	Servant of GodBenedict XIII BENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus	Vincenzo MariaOrsini,O.P.	2 February 1649 Gravina in Puglia,Bari,Kingdom of Naples	75 / 81	Subject of theKingdom of Naples. Member of theDominican Order; third and last member of theOrsini family to be pope. Originally called Benedict XIV due tothe antipope but reverted to XIII. Repealed the worldwidetobacco smoking ban set byUrban VII andUrban VIII. During his pontificate,James Bradley discovered the stellar aberration, proving the relative motion of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun.
246	12 July 1730 – 6 February 1740 (9 years, 209 days)	Clement XII CLEMENS Duodecimus	LorenzoCorsini	7 April 1652Florence,Grand Duchy of Tuscany	78 / 87	Motto:Dabis discernere inter malum et bonum("You shall deign to distinguish between good and evil")^[38] Subject of theGrand Duchy of Tuscany. Completed the new façade of theArchbasilica of Saint John Lateran (1735). Commissioned theTrevi Fountain in Rome (1732). CondemnedFreemasonry inIn eminenti apostolatus (1738).
247	17 August 1740 – 3 May 1758 (17 years, 259 days)	Benedict XIV BENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus	Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini	31 March 1675Bologna,Papal States	65 / 83	Motto:Curabuntur omnes("All will be healed")^[39] Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Reformed the education ofpriests and thecalendar of feasts. Completed theTrevi Fountain and affirmed the teachings ofThomas Aquinas; founded academies of art, liturgy, religion, and science. Authorized the publication of an edition of Galileo's complete scientific works, including a mildly censored version of theDialogue.
248	6 July 1758 – 2 February 1769 (10 years, 211 days)	Clement XIII CLEMENS Tertius Decimus	Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico	7 March 1693 Venice,Republic of Venice	65 / 75	Citizen of theRepublic of Venice. Provided the famous fig leaves on nude male statues in the Vatican. Defended theJesuits in the bullApostolicum pascendi (1765). During his pontificate (or at the end of his predecessor's pontificate), the general prohibition against works advocating heliocentrism was removed from theIndex of Forbidden Books, although the specific ban on uncensored versions of Galileo'sDialogue and Copernicus'sDe Revolutionibus remained.
249	19 May 1769 – 22 September 1774 (5 years, 126 days)	Clement XIV CLEMENS Quartus Decimus	Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli,O.F.M. Conv.	31 October 1705Sant' Arcangelo di Romagna,Papal States	63 / 68	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Member of theConventual Franciscan Order. Suppressed theJesuits in the briefDominus ac Redemptor (1773).
250	15 February 1775 – 29 August 1799 (24 years, 195 days)	Pius VI PIVS Sextus	Angelo Onofrio Melchiorre Natale Giovanni AntonioBraschi	25 December 1717 Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	57 / 81	Motto:Floret in Domo Domini("It blossoms in the House of God")^[40] Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Condemned theFrench Revolution; expelled from the Papal States by French troops from 1798 until his death. The last pope to be a patron ofRenaissance art.
—	29 August 1799 – 14 March 1800 (197 days)	Interregnum				Six-monthperiod without a valid pope elected. This was due to unique logistical problems (the former pope died a prisoner and the conclave was in Venice) and a deadlock among cardinals voting.
251	14 March 1800 – 20 August 1823 (23 years, 159 days)	Servant of GodPius VII PIVS Septimus	Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti,O.S.B.	14 August 1742 Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	57 / 81	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict. Present atNapoleon's coronation asemperor of the French. Expelled from the Papal States by the French between 1809 and 1814. Revived theJesuits in the bullSollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum (1814). Established thePapal Carabinieri Corps for the service of the Papal States (1816).

Popes of the 19th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
252	28 September 1823 – 10 February 1829 (5 years, 135 days)	Leo XII LEO Duodecimus	Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga	22 August 1760 Genga, Marche, Papal States	63 / 68	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Placed the Catholic educational system under the control of the Jesuits through the papal bullQuod divina sapientia (1824). Condemned the Bible societies.
253	31 March 1829 – 30 November 1830 (1 year, 244 days)	Pius VIII PIVS Octavus	Francesco Saverio Castiglioni	20 November 1761 Cingoli, Marche, Papal States	67 / 69	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. AcceptedLouis Philippe I asking of the French. Condemned the masonic secret societies and modernist translations of the Bible in the briefLitteris altero (1830).
254	2 February 1831 – 1 June 1846 (15 years, 119 days)	Gregory XVI GREGORIVS Sextus Decimus	Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari,O.S.B. Cam.	18 September 1765 Belluno, Veneto, Republic of Venice	65 / 80	Citizen of theRepublic of Venice. Member of theCamaldolese; last non-bishop to be elected to the papacy. Politically opposed democratic and modernising reforms in the Papal States. Regarding scientific thinking, all traces of opposition to heliocentrism by the church disappeared in 1835, when the uncensored versions ofDialogue andDe Revolutionibus were finally dropped from the Index.
255	16 June 1846 – 7 February 1878 (31 years, 236 days)	Bl.Pius IX PIVS Nonus	Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti	13 May 1792 Senigallia, Marche, Papal States	54 / 85	Subject and later the last sovereign of thePapal States, later becoming an Italian citizen. Issued the controversialSyllabus of Errors (1864). Opened theFirst Vatican Council (1869). Lost thePapal States to Italy (1870). Defined the dogma of theImmaculate Conception and definedpapal infallibility. Longest-reigning pope sincePeter (c. AD 30–64). First pope to be photographed. During his pontificate, Augustinian friarGregor Mendel published the "Experiments on Plant Hybridization" andCharles Darwin publishedOn the Origin of Species. At the time, no high-level Church pronouncement attacked head-on the theory of evolution as applied to non-human species.^[41] Even before the development of thescientific method, Catholic theology had allowed for biblical texts to be read as allegorical rather than literal where they appeared to contradict that which could be established by science or reason. Thus, Catholicism has been able to refine its understanding of scripture in light of scientific discoveries.^[42]^[43]
256	20 February 1878 – 20 July 1903 (25 years, 150 days)	Leo XIII LEO Tertius Decimus	Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci	2 March 1810 Carpineto Romano, Lazio,French Empire	67 / 93	French citizen of Italian ethnicity, later becoming a subject of the Papal States and finally an Italian citizen. Issued the encyclicalRerum novarum (1891), supportingChristian democracy againstCommunism. Third-longest reigning pope afterPius IX andJohn Paul II, excludingPeter. Promoted therosary and the scapular and approved two new Marian scapulars; the first pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary as amediatrix. First pope to befilmed using a motion picture camera (1898) and first pope with voice recorded. Oldest verified pope in office.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
140	16 May 1003 – 6 November 1003 (174 days)	John XVII IOANNES Septimus Decimus	Giovanni Sicco	c. 955 Rome, Papal States	48 / 48	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
141	25 December 1003 – 18 July 1009 (5 years, 205 days)	John XVIII IOANNES Duodevicesimus	Giovanni Fasano	c. 965Rapagnano, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	43 / 49	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. First pope born after the Papal States became a state of the Holy Roman Empire in 962.
142	31 July 1009 – 12 May 1012 (2 years, 286 days)	Sergius IV SERGIVS Quartus	Pietro Martino Boccadiporco,O.S.B.	c. 970 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	39 / 42	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict.
—	12 June 1012 – 31 December 1012 (202 days)	Gregory VI GREGORIVS Sextus	Gregorio	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire		Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toBenedict VIII. Expelled from Rome and deposed.
143	18 May 1012 – 9 April 1024 (11 years, 327 days)	Benedict VIII BENEDICTVS Octavus	Teofilatto di Tuscolo	c. 980 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	32 / 44	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
144	14 May 1024 – 6 October 1032 (8 years, 145 days)	John XIX IOANNES Undevicesimus	Romano di Tuscolo	c. 975 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	49 / 57	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Brother of Benedict VIII.
145	21 October 1032 – 31 December 1044 (12 years, 71 days)	Benedict IX BENEDICTVS Nonus	Teofilatto di Tuscolo	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	20 / 32 (†43)	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. First term.
146	13 January 1045 – 10 March 1045 (56 days)	Sylvester III SILVESTER Tertius	Giovanni dei Crescenzi Ottaviani	c. 1000 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	45 / 45 (†63)	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Validity of election questioned; consideredantipope; deposed at theCouncil of Sutri.
147	10 March 1045 – 1 May 1045 (52 days)	Benedict IX BENEDICTVS Nonus	Teofilatto di Tuscolo	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	33 / 33 (†43)	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Second term; deposed at theCouncil of Sutri.
148	5 May 1045 – 20 December 1046 (1 year, 229 days)	Gregory VI GREGORIVS Sextus	Giovanni GrazianoPierleoni	c. 1000 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	45 / 46 (†48)	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Deposed at theCouncil of Sutri.
149	24 December 1046 – 9 October 1047 (289 days)	Clement II CLEMENS Secundus	Suidger von Morsleben-Hornburg	c. 967Hornburg,Duchy of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire	79 / 80	Subject of theDuchy of Saxony. Appointed byKing Henry III at theCouncil of Sutri; crowned Henry III as emperor.
150	8 November 1047 – 17 July 1048 (252 days)	Benedict IX BENEDICTVS Nonus	Teofilatto di Tuscolo	1012 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	35 / 36 (†43)	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Third term; deposed and excommunicated.
151	17 July 1048 – 9 August 1048 (23 days)	Damasus II DAMASVS Secundus	Poppo de Curagnoni	c. 1000 Pildenau,Duchy of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire	48 / 48	Subject of theDuchy of Bavaria.
152	12 February 1049 – 19 April 1054 (5 years, 66 days)	StLeo IX LEO Nonus	Bruno vonEgisheim-Dagsburg	21 July 1002Eguisheim,Duchy of Swabia, Holy Roman Empire	47 / 51	Subject of theDuchy of Swabia. In 1054, the mutualexcommunications of Leo IX's legate, cardinalHumbert of Silva Candida, and PatriarchMichael I Cerularius of Constantinople started theEast–West Schism. The mutualanathematizations were rescinded byPope Paul VI andPatriarch Athenagoras in 1965.^[17]
153	13 April 1055 – 28 July 1057 (2 years, 106 days)	Victor II VICTOR Secundus	Gebhard II von Calw-Dollnstein-Hirschberg	c. 1018Duchy of Swabia, Holy Roman Empire	37 / 39	Subject of theDuchy of Swabia.
154	2 August 1057 – 29 March 1058 (239 days)	Stephen IX STEPHANVS Nonus	Frederic Gozzelon de Lorraine,O.S.B.	c. 1020Duchy of Lorraine, Holy Roman Empire	37 / 38	Subject of theDuchy of Lorraine. Sometimes called Stephen X. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict.
—	4 April 1058 – 24 January 1059 (295 days)	Benedict X BENEDICTVS Decimus	Giovanni Mincio di Tuscolo	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire		Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toNicholas II. Captured and deposed.
155	6 December 1058 – 27 July 1061 (2 years, 233 days)	Nicholas II NICOLAVS Secundus	Gerald de Bourgogne	c. 980Château de Chevron,County of Savoy, Holy Roman Empire	78 / 81	Subject of theCounty of Savoy. Was of French ethnicity. Designated the College of Cardinals as the sole body of pope electors in the bullIn nomine Domini (1059).
—	30 September 1061 – 1072 (10 years, 185 days)	Honorius II HONORIVS Secundus	Pietro Cadalo	1010Verona,March of Verona, Holy Roman Empire	61 / 72	Subject of theMarch of Verona. Was of Italian ethnicity (born after thePlaciti Cassinesi was written). In opposition toAlexander II.
156	30 September 1061 – 21 April 1073 (11 years, 203 days)	Alexander II ALEXANDER Secundus	Anselmo da Baggio	c. 1018Baggio,Free Commune of Milan, Holy Roman Empire	46 / 58	Citizen of theFree Commune of Milan. Authorized theNorman conquest of England in 1066.
157	22 April 1073 – 25 May 1085 (12 years, 33 days)	StGregory VII GREGORIVS Septimus	IldebrandoAldobrandeschi di Soana,O.S.B.	c. 1015Sovana,March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire	48 / 60	Subject of theMarch of Tuscany. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Initiated theGregorian Reforms. Restricted the use of the papal title to the bishop of Rome.^[6] Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict. Political struggle withEmperor Henry IV, who had to go toCanossa (1077).
—	25 June 1080 – 8 September 1100 (20 years, 75 days)	Clement III CLEMENS Tertius	Guibert of Ravenna	1029Ravenna, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	51 / 71	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toGregory VII,Victor III,Urban II, andPaschal II.
158	24 May 1086 – 16 September 1087 (1 year, 115 days)	Bl.Victor III VICTOR Tertius	Dauferio Epifani Del Zotto,O.S.B.	c. 1026Benevento,Duchy of Benevento	60 / 61	Subject of theDuchy of Benevento. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict. Called the Synod of Benevento (1087), condemning lay investiture.
159	12 March 1088 – 29 July 1099 (11 years, 139 days)	Bl.Urban II VRBANVS Secundus	Odon de Lagery,O.S.B.	c. 1042Châtillon-sur-Marne,County of Champagne, France	46 / 57	Subject of theKingdom of France. Preached and started theFirst Crusade. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict.
160	13 August 1099 – 21 January 1118 (18 years, 161 days)	Paschal II PASCHALIS Secundus	Rainero Ranieri,O.S.B.	c. 1050Bleda,March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire	49 / 68	Subject of theMarch of Tuscany. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict. Ordered the building of the basilica ofSanti Quattro Coronati.
—	8 September 1100 – January 1101 (115 days)	Theodoric THEODORICVS	Teodorico	c. 1030 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	70 / 71	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition toPaschal II. Captured and sent to a monastery.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
—	January 1101 – February 1102 (1 year, 31 days)	Adalbert ADALBERTVS	Adalberto,O.S.B.	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire		Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition toPaschal II. Captured and imprisoned.
—	8 November 1105 – 11 April 1111 (5 years, 154 days)	Sylvester IV SILVESTER Quartus	Maguinulf	1050 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	49 / 55 (†56)	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. Was of German ethnicity. In opposition toPaschal II. Forced to abdicate.
161	24 January 1118 – 29 January 1119 (1 year, 5 days)	Gelasius II GELASIVS Secundus	GiovanniCaetani,O.S.B.	c. 1061Gaeta,Duchy of Gaeta	57 / 58	Subject of theDuchy of Gaeta.
—	10 March 1118 – 20 April 1121 (3 years, 41 days)	Gregory VIII GREGORIVS Octavus	Maurice Baurdain	c. 1060Limousin,Occitania, France	58 / 61 (†77)	Subject of theKingdom of France. Was of Occitan ethnicity. In opposition toGelasius II andCallixtus II. Captured and imprisoned.
162	2 February 1119 – 13 December 1124 (5 years, 315 days)	Callixtus II CALLISTVS Secundus	Guy of Burgundy	c. 1060Quingey,County of Burgundy,Holy Roman Empire	59 / 64	Subject of theCounty of Burgundy. Was of French ethnicity. Convened theFirst Council of the Lateran (1123).
—	16 December 1124 – 17 December 1124 (1 day)	Celestine II COELESTINVS Secundus	Teobaldo Boccapeci	1050 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	74 / 74 (†76)	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toHonorius II. Abdicated one day after his election.
163	21 December 1124 – 13 February 1130 (5 years, 54 days)	Honorius II HONORIVS Secundus	Lamberto Scannabecchi da Fiagnano,Can.Reg.	9 February 1060Fiagnano,Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	64 / 70	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Canon Regular of S. Maria di San Reno. Approved the new military order of theKnights Templar in 1128.
164	14 February 1130 – 24 September 1143 (13 years, 222 days)	Innocent II INNOCENTIVS Secundus	Gregorio Papareschi,Can.Reg.	c. 1082 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	48 / 61	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Canon Regular of Lateran. Convened theSecond Council of the Lateran (1139).
—	14 February 1130 – 25 January 1138 (7 years, 345 days)	Anacletus II ANACLETUS Secundus	Pietro Pierleoni,O.S.B.	1090 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	40 / 48	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toInnocent II.
—	15 March 1138 – 29 May 1138 (75 days)	Victor IV VICTOR Quartus	GregorioConti	Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire		Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toInnocent II.
165	26 September 1143 – 8 March 1144 (164 days)	Celestine II COELESTINVS Secundus	Guido Guelfuccio de Castello	c. 1085Città di Castello, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	58 / 59	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
166	12 March 1144 – 15 February 1145 (340 days)	Lucius II LUCIVS Secundus	Gherardo Caccianemici dall'Orso,Can.Reg.	c. 1079Bologna,Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	65 / 66	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Canon Regular of S. Frediano di Lucca.
167	15 February 1145 – 8 July 1153 (8 years, 143 days)	Bl.Eugene III EVGENIVS Tertius	Bernardo dei Paganelli di Montemagno,O.Cist.^[18]	c. 1080Montemagno,Republic of Pisa, Holy Roman Empire	44 / 73	Citizen of theRepublic of Pisa. Member of theOrder of Cistercians. Announced theSecond Crusade.
168	12 July 1153 – 3 December 1154 (1 year, 144 days)	Anastasius IV ANASTASIVS Quartus	Corrado Demitri della Suburra	c. 1073 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	80 / 81	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
169	4 December 1154 – 1 September 1159 (4 years, 271 days)	Adrian IV HADRIANVS Quartus	NicholasBreakspear,Can.Reg.	c. 1100Abbots Langley,Hertfordshire,Kingdom of England	54 / 59	Subject of theKingdom of England. The only English (Anglo-Saxon) pope; purportedly granted Ireland toHenry II, King of England. Canon Regular of St. Rufus Monastery.
170	7 September 1159 – 30 August 1181 (21 years, 357 days)	Alexander III ALEXANDER Tertius	Rolando Bandinelli	c. 1100Siena,March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire	59 / 81	Subject of theMarch of Tuscany. Convened theThird Council of the Lateran (1179).
—	7 September 1159 – 20 April 1164 (4 years, 226 days)	Victor IV VICTOR Quartus	Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli	1095 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	64 / 69	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toAlexander III.
—	28 April 1164 – 22 September 1168 (4 years, 147 days)	Paschal III PASCHALIS Tertius	Guido di Crema	1110 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	54 / 58	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toAlexander III.
—	30 September 1168 – 29 August 1178 (9 years, 333 days)	Callixtus III CALLIXTVS Tertius	Giovanni di Struma,O.S.B.	1090 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	78 / 88	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toAlexander III.
—	29 September 1179 – January 1180 (124 days)	Innocent III INNOCENTIVS Tertius	Lando (or Lanzo) di Sezze	1120Sezze, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	59 / 60 (†63)	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toAlexander III. Captured and imprisoned in 1180.
171	1 September 1181 – 25 November 1185 (4 years, 85 days)	Lucius III LUCIVS Tertius	Ubaldo Allucignoli	c. 1100Lucca,March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire	81 / 85	Subject of theMarch of Tuscany.
172	25 November 1185 – 20 October 1187 (1 year, 329 days)	Urban III VRBANVS Tertius	Uberto Crivelli	c. 1120Cuggiono, Holy Roman Empire	65 / 67	Was of Italian ethnicity. In the 21st century, Cuggiono is a small Italian town andcomune in theMetropolitan City of Milan.
173	21 October 1187 – 17 December 1187 (57 days)	Gregory VIII GREGORIVS Octavus	Alberto de Morra,O.Praem.	c. 1100Benevento, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	87 / 87	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Canon RegularPremostratense. Proposed theThird Crusade.
174	19 December 1187 – 20 March 1191^[19] (3 years, 91 days)	Clement III CLEMENS Tertius	Paolo Scolari	c. 1130 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	57 / 61	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
175	30 March 1191 – 8 January 1198 (6 years, 284 days)	Celestine III COELESTINVS Tertius	Giacinto BoboneOrsini	c. 1105 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	86 / 93	Motto:Perfice gressus meos in semitis Tuis("Going in Thy path") Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Confirmed the statutes of theTeutonic Knights as a military order.
176	8 January 1198 – 16 July 1216 (18 years, 190 days)	Innocent III INNOCENTIVS Tertius	Lotario deiConti di Segni	1161Gavignano, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	37 / 55	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Convened theFourth Council of the Lateran (1215). Initiated theFourth Crusade but later distanced himself from it and threatened its participants with excommunication when it became clear that the leadership abandoned their focus on conquest of theHoly Land and instead intended to sack Christian cities.^[20] Endorsed theFranciscan Order.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
177	18 July 1216 – 18 March 1227 (10 years, 243 days)	Honorius III HONORIVS Tertius	CencioSavelli	c. 1148–50 Rome,Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	66–68 / 77–79	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Initiated theFifth Crusade. Approved several religious and tertiary orders.
178	19 March 1227 – 22 August 1241 (14 years, 156 days)	Gregory IX GREGORIVS Nonus	Ugolino deiConti di Segni	c. 1145–70Anagni,Papal States, Holy Roman Empire	57–82 / 71–96	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Initiated the inquisition in France and endorsed theNorthern Crusades.
179	25 October 1241 – 10 November 1241 (16 days)	Celestine IV COELESTINVS Quartus	Goffredo Castiglioni	c. 1180–87Free Commune of Milan,Holy Roman Empire	54–61 / 54–61	Citizen of theFree Commune of Milan. Died before coronation.
180	25 June 1243 – 7 December 1254 (11 years, 165 days)	Innocent IV INNOCENTIVS Quartus	SinibaldoFieschi	c. 1195Genoa,Republic of Genoa,Holy Roman Empire	48 / 60	Citizen of theRepublic of Genoa. Convened theFirst Council of Lyon (1245). Issued the bullAd extirpanda (1252), which permitted the torture of heretics.
181	12 December 1254 – 25 May 1261 (6 years, 164 days)	Alexander IV ALEXANDER Quartus	Rinaldo deiConti di Segni	c. 1199Jenne,Papal States	55 / 62	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. First pope born after the Papal States ceased to be a state of the Holy Roman Empire. Established an Inquisition in France.
182	29 August 1261 – 2 October 1264 (3 years, 34 days)	Urban IV VRBANVS Quartus	Jacques Pantaléon	c. 1195Troyes,County of Champagne, France	66 / 69	Subject of theKingdom of France. Instituted thefeast of Corpus Christi (1264).
183	5 February 1265 – 29 November 1268 (3 years, 298 days)	Clement IV CLEMENS Quartus	Gui Foucois	23 November 1190Saint-Gilles, Languedoc, France	62 / 66	Subject of theKingdom of France.
—	29 November 1268 – 1 September 1271 (2 years, 276 days)	Interregnum				Almost three-yearperiod without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
184	1 September 1271 – 10 January 1276 (4 years, 131 days)	Bl.Gregory X GREGORIVS Decimus	TeobaldoVisconti	c. 1210Free Commune of Piacenza,Holy Roman Empire	51 / 66	Citizen of theFree Commune of Piacenza. Was of Italian ethnicity. Convened theSecond Council of Lyon and issued the bullUbi periculum (1274), regulatingpapal conclaves until the 20th century.
185	21 January 1276 – 22 June 1276 (153 days)	Bl.Innocent V INNOCENTIVS Quintus	Pierre de Tarentaise,O.P.	c. 1224/5County of Savoy,Holy Roman Empire	52 / 52	Subject of theCounty of Savoy. Was of French ethnicity. Member of theDominican Order.
186	11 July 1276 – 18 August 1276 (38 days)	Adrian V HADRIANVS Quintus	OttobuonoFieschi	c. 1216Genoa,Republic of Genoa,Holy Roman Empire	60 / 60	Citizen of theRepublic of Genoa. Annulled Gregory X'sUbi periculum on the regulations of papal conclaves.
187	8 September 1276 – 20 May 1277 (254 days)	John XXI IOANNES Vicesimus Primus	Pedro Julião	c. 1215Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal	60 / 70	Subject of theKingdom of Portugal. Due to a confusion over thenumbering of popes named John in the 13th century, the ordinal XX was skipped.
188	25 November 1277 – 22 August 1280 (2 years, 271 days)	Nicholas III NICOLAVS Tertius	Giovanni GaetanoOrsini	c. 1216 Rome,Papal States	61 / 64	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Planned theSicilian Vespers.
189	22 February 1281 – 28 March 1285 (4 years, 34 days)	Martin IV MARTINVS Quartus	Simon de Brion	c. 1210 Meinpicien,Touraine, France	71 / 75	Subject of theKingdom of France.
190	2 April 1285 – 3 April 1287 (2 years, 1 day)	Honorius IV HONORIVS Quartus	GiacomoSavelli	c. 1210 Rome,Papal States	75 / 77	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
191	22 February 1288 – 4 April 1292 (4 years, 42 days)	Nicholas IV NICOLAVS Quartus	Girolamo Masci,O.F.M.	30 September 1227 Lisciano,Papal States	60 / 64	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Member of theFranciscan Order.
—	4 April 1292 – 5 July 1294 (2 years, 92 days)	Interregnum				Two-yearperiod without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
192	5 July 1294 – 13 December 1294 (161 days)	StCelestine V COELESTINVS Quintus	Pietro da Morrone,O.S.B.	1215^[21] Sant'Angelo Limosano,Kingdom of Sicily	79 / 79 (†81)	Subject of theKingdom of Sicily. One of the few popes who abdicated voluntarily. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict. Founded theCelestines. Reinstituted the rules ofUbi periculum. Abdicated and rumoured to have been murdered in prison by his successor,Boniface VIII.
193	24 December 1294 – 11 October 1303 (8 years, 291 days)	Boniface VIII BONIFATIVS Octavus	BenedettoCaetani	c. 1230Anagni,Papal States	64 / 73	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. IncorporatedUbi periculum into canon law (1298). Formalized thejubilee (1300). Issued the bullUnam Sanctam (1302), which proclaimed papal supremacy and pushed it to its historical extreme.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
194	22 October 1303 – 7 July 1304 (259 days)	Bl.Benedict XI BENEDICTVS Undecimus	Niccolò Boccasini,O.P.	c. 1240Treviso,Papal States	63 / 64	Motto:Illustra faciem Tuam super servum Tuum("Let Your face shine upon Your servant") Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Member of theDominican Order. RevertedBoniface VIII'sUnam Sanctam.
195	5 June 1305 – 20 April 1314 (8 years, 319 days)	Clement V CLEMENS Quintus	Raymond Bertrand de Got (or Gouth)	c. 1264 Villandraut, Gascony, France	41 / 50	Subject of theKingdom of France.Pope at Avignon. Convened theCouncil of Vienne (1311–1312). Initiated the persecution of the Knights Templar with the bullPastoralis Praeeminentiae under pressure from KingPhilip IV of France.
—	20 April 1314 – 7 August 1316 (2 years, 79 days)	Interregnum				Two-yearperiod without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
196	7 August 1316 – 4 December 1334 (18 years, 119 days)	John XXII IOANNES Vicesimus Secundus	Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse)	c. 1244Cahors,Quercy, France	72 / 90	Subject of theKingdom of France.Pope at Avignon. Controversial for his views on thebeatific vision. Opposed the Franciscan understanding of the poverty of Christ and his apostles, famously leadingWilliam of Ockham to write against unlimited papal power.
—	12 May 1328– 25 July 1330 (2 years, 74 days)	Nicholas V NICOLAVS Quintus	Pietro Rainalducci,O.F.M.	1260Corvaro,Papal States	68 / 70 (†73)	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toJohn XXII. Excommunicated and submitted to John XXII.
197	20 December 1334 – 25 April 1342 (7 years, 126 days)	Benedict XII BENEDICTVS Duodecimus	Jacques Fournier,O.Cist.	1285 Saverdun, County of Foix, France	49 / 57	Subject of theKingdom of France.Pope at Avignon. Member of theOrder of Cistercians. Known for issuing theApostolic constitutionBenedictus Deus (1336). A careful pope who reformed monastic orders and opposed nepotism.
198	7 May 1342 – 6 December 1352 (10 years, 213 days)	Clement VI CLEMENS Sextus	Pierre Roger,O.S.B.	c. 1291 Maumont, Limousin, France	51 / 61	Subject of theKingdom of France.Pope at Avignon. Reigned during theBlack Death and absolved those who died from it of their sins.
199	18 December 1352 – 12 September 1362 (9 years, 268 days)	Innocent VI INNOCENTIVS Sextus	Étienne Aubert	c. 1282 Les Monts, Limousin, France	70 / 80	Subject of theKingdom of France.Pope at Avignon. Through his exertions, theTreaty of Brétigny (1360) was brought about.
200	28 September 1362 – 19 December 1370 (8 years, 82 days)	Bl.Urban V VRBANVS Quintus	Guillaume de Grimoard,O.S.B.	1310 Grizac, Languedoc, France	52 / 60	Subject of theKingdom of France.Pope at Avignon. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict. Reformed areas of education and sent missionary movements across Europe andAsia. His pontificate witnessed theAlexandrian andSavoyard crusades.
201	30 December 1370 – 27 March 1378 (7 years, 87 days)	Gregory XI GREGORIVS Undecimus	Pierre Roger de Beaufort	c. 1329 Maumont, Limousin, France	41 / 49	Subject of theKingdom of France.Pope at Avignon; returned to Rome. The lastFrench pope.
202	8 April 1378 – 15 October 1389 (11 years, 190 days)	Urban VI VRBANVS Sextus	Bartolomeo Prignano	c. 1318 Naples, Kingdom of Naples	60 / 71	Subject of theKingdom of Naples. Reigned during theWestern Schism. Last pontiff to be elected outside the College of Cardinals.
—	20 September 1378 – 16 September 1394 (15 years, 353 days)	Clement VII CLEMENS Septimus	Robert de Genève	1342Chateau d'Annecy,County of Savoy,Holy Roman Empire	36 / 52	Subject of theKingdom of France. In opposition toUrban VI andBoniface IX.
—	28 September 1394 – 23 May 1423 (28 years, 237 days)	Benedict XIII BENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus	Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor	25 November 1328Illueca,Aragon	66 / 94	Subject of theKingdom of Aragon. In opposition toBoniface IX,Innocent VII,Gregory XII,Martin V, and the Pisan AntipopesAlexander V andJohn XXIII. Excommunicated on 27 July 1417.
203	2 November 1389 – 1 October 1404 (14 years, 334 days)	Boniface IX BONIFATIVS Nonus	PietroCybo Tomacelli	c. 1350 Naples, Kingdom of Naples	39 / 54	Subject of theKingdom of Naples. Reigned during theWestern Schism.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
232	1 April 1605 – 27 April 1605 (26 days)	Leo XI LEO Undecimus	Alessandro Ottaviano de'Medici	2 June 1535 Florence,Duchy of Florence, Holy Roman Empire	69 / 69	Subject of theDuchy of Florence. Great-nephew ofLeo X. Called the "Lightning Pope" (Papa Lampo) due to his brief pontificate.
233	16 May 1605 – 28 January 1621 (15 years, 257 days)	Paul V PAVLVS Quintus	CamilloBorghese	17 September 1550 Rome, Lazio, Papal States	55 / 70	Motto:Absit nisi in Te gloriari("May it be absent, except to glory in You")^[32] Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Known for his various building projects, including the facade ofSt Peter's Basilica. Established theBank of the Holy Spirit (1605). Restored theAqua Traiana.
234	9 February 1621 – 8 July 1623 (2 years, 149 days)	Gregory XV GREGORIVS Quintus Decimus	AlessandroLudovisi	9 January 1554 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States	67 / 69	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Established theCongregation for the Propagation of the Faith (1622). Issued the bullAeterni Patris Filius (1621), which imposed conclaves to be by secret ballot. Issued the constitutionOmnipotentis Dei (1623) against magicians and witches.
235	6 August 1623 – 29 July 1644 (20 years, 358 days)	Urban VIII VRBANVS Octavus	MaffeoBarberini	5 April 1568 Florence,Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire	55 / 76	Subject of theGrand Duchy of Tuscany. Trial againstGalileo Galilei. Last pope to expand the papal territory by force of arms. Issued a 1624 bill that made the use of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication.
236	15 September 1644 – 7 January 1655 (10 years, 114 days)	Innocent X INNOCENTIVS Decimus	Giovanni BattistaPamphili	6 May 1574 Rome, Lazio, Papal States	70 / 80	Motto:Alleviatæ sunt aquæ super terram("Water on earth")^[33] Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Great-great-great-grandson ofAlexander VI. Erected theFontana dei Quattro Fiumi inPiazza Navona. Promulgated the apostolic constitutionCum occasione (1653), condemning the five doctrines ofJansenism asheresy.
237	7 April 1655 – 22 May 1667 (12 years, 45 days)	Alexander VII ALEXANDER Septimus	FabioChigi	13 February 1599 Siena,Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire	56 / 68	Subject of theGrand Duchy of Tuscany. Great-nephew ofPaul V. CommissionedSt. Peter's Square. Issued the constitutionSollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum that set the doctrine of theImmaculate Conception, almost identical to that ofPius IX centuries later.
238	20 June 1667 – 9 December 1669 (2 years, 172 days)	Clement IX CLEMENS Nonus	GiulioRospigliosi	28 January 1600Pistoia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire	67 / 69	Motto:Aliis non sibi clemens("Clement to others, not to himself")^[34] Subject of theGrand Duchy of Tuscany. Mediated in thePeace of Aachen (1668).
239	29 April 1670 – 22 July 1676 (6 years, 84 days)	Clement X CLEMENS Decimus	Emilio BonaventuraAltieri	13 July 1590 Rome, Lazio, Papal States	79 / 86	Motto:Bonum auget malum minuit("He increases good and diminishes evil")^[35] Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Canonized the first saint from the Americas:St Rose of Lima (1671). Decorated the bridge of Sant' Angelo with the ten statues of angels and added one of the two fountains that adorn the piazza of St. Peter's. Established regulations for the removal of relics of saints from cemeteries.
240	21 September 1676 – 12 August 1689 (12 years, 325 days)	Bl.Innocent XI INNOCENTIVS Undecimus	BenedettoOdescalchi	16 May 1611Como,Lombardy, Duchy of Milan, Holy Roman Empire	65 / 78	Motto:Avarus non implebitur("The covetous man is not satisfied")^[36] Subject of theDuchy of Milan. Condemned thedoctrine of mental reservation (1679) and initiated theHoly League. Extended theHoly Name of Mary as a universal feast (1684). Admired for positive contributions to catechesis.
241	6 October 1689 – 1 February 1691 (1 year, 118 days)	Alexander VIII ALEXANDER Octavus	Pietro VitoOttoboni	22 April 1610 Venice, Republic of Venice	79 / 80	Citizen of theRepublic of Venice. Condemned the so-calledphilosophical sin (1690).
242	12 July 1691 – 27 September 1700 (9 years, 77 days)	Innocent XII INNOCENTIVS Duodecimus	AntonioPignatelli	13 March 1615Spinazzola,Apulia, Kingdom of Naples	76 / 85	Subject of theKingdom of Naples. Issued the bullRomanum decet Pontificem (1692) to stop nepotism. Erected various charitable and educational institutions.
243	23 November 1700 – 19 March 1721 (20 years, 116 days)	Clement XI CLEMENS Undecimus	Giovanni Francesco Albani	23 July 1649 Urbino, Marche, Papal States	51 / 71	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. TheChinese Rites controversy. Patronized the first archaeological excavations in theRoman catacombs and made the feast of theImmaculate Conception universal. The Inquisition's ban on reprinting Galileo's works was lifted in 1718, when permission was granted to publish an edition of his works (excluding the condemnedDialogue) in Florence.^[16]^[37]

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
257	4 August 1903 – 20 August 1914 (11 years, 16 days)	StPius X PIVS Decimus	Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto	2 June 1835Riese,Treviso,Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia	68 / 79	Motto:Instaurare omnia in Christo("Restore all things in Christ") Subject of theKingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, later becoming an Italian citizen. Encouraged and expanded reception of the Eucharist. CombattedModernism; issued theoath against it (1910). Advocated theGregorian Chant andreformed the Roman Breviary (1911).
258	3 September 1914 – 22 January 1922 (7 years, 141 days)	Benedict XV BENEDICTVS Quintus Decimus	Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa	21 November 1854Pegli,Genoa,Kingdom of Sardinia	59 / 67	Motto:In Te, Domine, speravi: non confundar in aeternum("In Thee, o Lord, have I trusted: let me not be confounded for evermore") Subject of theKingdom of Sardinia, later becoming an Italian citizen. Credited for intervening for peace duringWorld War I. Issued the1917 Code of Canon Law; supported the missionaries inMaximum illud. Remembered byBenedict XVI as a "prophet of peace."
259	6 February 1922 – 10 February 1939 (17 years, 4 days)	Pius XI PIVS Undecimus	Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti	31 May 1857Desio,Milan, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia	64 / 81	Motto:Pax Christi in Regno Christi("The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ") Subject of theKingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, later becoming an Italian citizen. Signed theLateran Treaty with Italy (1929), establishingVatican City as a sovereign state. InauguratedVatican Radio (1931). Re-founded thePontifical Academy of Sciences (1936). Created the feast ofChrist the King. OpposedNazism andCommunism.
260	2 March 1939 – 9 October 1958 (19 years, 221 days)	Ven.Pius XII PIVS Duodecimus	Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli	2 March 1876Rome,Italy	63 / 82	Motto:Opus justitiae pax("The work of justice [shall be] peace") Italian citizen. Credited with intervening for peace duringWorld War II; controversial forhis reactions to theHolocaust. Eliminated the Italian majority ofcardinals. Invoked papal infallibility in the encyclicalMunificentissimus Deus; defined the dogma of theAssumption. Published theHumani generis (1950), the first encyclical to specifically refer to evolution and took up a neutral position, concentrating on human evolution: "The Church does not forbid that ... research and discussions, on the part of men experienced in both fields, take place with regard to the doctrine of evolution, in as far as it inquires into the origin of the human body as coming from pre-existent and living matter."^[44]
261	28 October 1958 – 3 June 1963 (4 years, 218 days)	StJohn XXIII IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius	Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli	25 November 1881Sotto il Monte,Bergamo, Italy	76 / 81	Motto:Obedientia et pax("Obedience and peace") Italian citizen. Opened theSecond Vatican Council (1962). Called the "Good Pope John." Issued the encyclicalPacem in terris (1963) on peace and nuclear disarmament; intervened for peace during theCuban Missile Crisis (1962).
262	21 June 1963 – 6 August 1978 (15 years, 46 days)	StPaul VI PAVLVS Sextus	Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini	26 September 1897Concesio,Brescia, Italy	65 / 80	Motto:Cum Ipso in monte("With Him on the mountain") Italian citizen. Last pope to becrowned. First pope since 1809 to travel outside Italy. Closed theSecond Vatican Council (1965). Issued the encyclicalHumanae vitae (1968), condemning artificial contraception.Revised theRoman Missal (1969).
263	26 August 1978 – 28 September 1978 (33 days)	Bl.John Paul I IOANNES PAVLVS Primus	Albino Luciani	17 October 1912Forno di Canale,Belluno, Italy	65 / 65	Motto:Humilitas("Humility") Italian citizen. Abolished the coronation and opted for thepapal inauguration. First pope to use "the First" inpapal name; first with two names for his two immediate predecessors. First pope born in the twentieth century. Last pope to use thesedia gestatoria.
264	16 October 1978 – 2 April 2005 (26 years, 168 days)	StJohn Paul II IOANNES PAVLVS Secundus	Karol Józef Wojtyła	18 May 1920Wadowice,Poland	58 / 84	Motto:Totus tuus("Totally yours") Polish citizen; first pope of Slavic origin. First non-Italian pope sinceAdrian VI (1522–1523). Travelled extensively,visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. Third-longest reigning pope afterPeter andPius IX. Founded theWorld Youth Day (1984) and thePontifical Academy of Social Sciences (1994). Canonized more saints than any of his predecessors. Youngest individual to start his papacy since Pius IX (1846).

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Portrait	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and Place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
265	19 April 2005 – 28 February 2013 (7 years, 315 days)		Benedict XVI BENEDICTVS Sextus Decimus	Joseph Alois Ratzinger	16 April 1927Marktl,Bavaria,Germany	78 / 85 (†95)	Motto:Cooperatores veritatis("Cooperators of the truth") German citizen. Oldest to become pope sinceClement XII (1730).Elevated theTridentine Mass to a more prominent position and promoted the use ofLatin. Re-introduced several disused papal garments. Authorized the creation ofAnglican ordinariates (2009). First pope torenounce the papacy on his own initiative sinceCelestine V (1294),^[45] becomingpope emeritus.^[46] Longest-lived pope on record.Died on 31 December 2022 in the Vatican, aged 95.^[47]
266	13 March 2013 – present (12 years, 13 days)		Francis FRANCISCVS	Jorge Mario Bergoglio,S.J.	(1936-12-17)17 December 1936 (age 88)Flores, Buenos Aires,Argentina	76	Motto:Miserando atque eligendo("Lowly yet chosen")^[48] Argentine citizen. First pope to be born outside Europe sinceGregory III (731–741) and the first from the Americas; first pope from the Southern Hemisphere. First pope from areligious institute sinceGregory XVI (1831–1846); firstJesuit pope. First to use a new and non-composedpapal name sinceLando (913–914). Facilitated theCuban thaw (2015). Eliminated the European majority ofcardinals. First pope to visit and celebrate aMass on theArabian Peninsula.^[49]

Family	Order	Number	Popes	Total
Augustinians	Order of Saint Augustine	1	Eugene IV	6
	Canons Regular	4	Honorius II,Innocent II,Lucius II,Adrian IV
	Premonstratense	1	Gregory VIII
Benedictines	Order of Saint Benedict	22	Gregory I,Boniface IV,Adeodatus II,Leo IV,John IX,Leo VII,John XVI,Sylvester II,Sergius IV,Stephen IX,Gregory VII,Victor III,Urban II,Paschal II,Adalbert,Gelasius II,Anacletus II,Callixtus III,Celestine V,Clement VI,Urban V,Pius VII	23
Benedictines	Camaldolese	1	Gregory XVI	23
Cistercians		2	Eugene III,Benedict XII	2
Dominicans		7	Innocent V,Benedict XI,Nicholas V,Pius V,Benedict XIII,Benedict XV	7
Franciscans	Order of Friars Minor	5	Nicholas IV,Nicholas V,Alexander V,Sixtus IV,Julius II	17
	Order of Friars Minor Conventual	2	Sixtus V,Clement XIV
	Secular Franciscan Order	10	Gregory IX,Gregory X,Martin V,Innocent XII,Clement XII,Pius IX,Leo XIII,Pius X,Pius XI,John XXIII
Jesuits		1	Francis	1
Theatines		1	Paul IV	1
Total		57		57

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Chronological list of popes

1st millennium

1st century

2nd century

3rd century

4th century

5th century

6th century

7th century

8th century

9th century

10th century

2nd millennium

11th century

12th century

13th century

14th century

15th century

16th century

17th century

18th century

19th century

20th century

3rd millennium

21st century

Religious orders

Numbering of popes

See also

Lists

Notes

References

Citations

Sources

External links