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List of popes

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This article is about the Catholic Church. For popes of other churches, seeList of lists of popes.

Plaque commemorating the popes buried inSt. Peter's Basilica (their names in Latin and the year of their burial)

This chronological list of thepopes of theCatholic Church corresponds to that given in theAnnuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated asantipopes. Published every year by theRoman Curia, theAnnuario Pontificio no longeridentifies popes by regnal number, stating that it is impossible to decide which pope represented the legitimate succession at various times.^[1] The 2001 edition of theAnnuario Pontificio introduced "almost 200 corrections to its existing biographies of the popes, from St Peter to John Paul II". The corrections concerned dates, especially in the first two centuries, birthplaces and the family name of one pope.^[2]

The termpope (Latin:papa,lit. 'father') is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for exampleCoptic pope). This title is usually used in English to refer to the head of the Catholic Church. The Catholic pope uses various titles by tradition, includingSummus Pontifex,Pontifex Maximus, andServus servorum Dei. Each title has been added by unique historical events, and unlike other papal prerogatives, is not incapable of modification.^[3]

Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 withLeo IX as number 154. Several changes were made to the list during the 20th century.Christopher was considered a legitimate pope for a long time but was removed due to how he obtained the papacy.Pope-elect Stephen was listed as Stephen II until the 1961 edition, when his name was removed. The decisions of theCouncil of Pisa (1409) were reversed in 1963 in a reinterpretation of theWestern Schism, extendingGregory XII's pontificate to 1415 and classifying rival claimantsAlexander V andJohn XXIII as antipopes.

A significant number of these popes have been recognized assaints, including 48 out of the first 50 consecutive popes, and others are in the sainthood process. Of the first 31 popes, 28 died asmartyrs.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Date and place of birth	Notes
1	c. 30 –c. 64 (34 years)	StPeter PETRVS	Bethsaida,Gaulanitis,Herodian tetrarchy^{[birth 1]}	Born Shimon, son of Yonah. AJewishperegrinus, free provincial subject of theRoman Empire who was not aRoman citizen. Feast day (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) 29 June.Apostle ofJesus. According to Catholic tradition, he received the keys of theKingdom of Heaven (Matthew 16:18–19). The Catholic Church recognizes him as the first bishop of Rome appointed by Jesus and therefore the first pope. Also revered as saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 29 June.^[6]St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City is named after him.
2	c. 64 –c. 76 (?) (12 years)	StLinus LINVS	Volterrae,Italia,Roman Empire^{[birth 2]}	First Roman pope.Roman citizen, born inItalia, thehomeland of theancient Romans.^{[birth 3]}^[7] Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June. Possibly mentioned in theNew Testament (Second Epistle to Timothy 4:21).^[8]
3	c. 76 –c. 88 (?) (12 years)	StCletus CLETVS	Athenae,Achaea, Roman Empire^{[birth 4]}	First Greek pope. Aperegrinus, free provincial subject of theRoman Empire who was not aRoman citizen. Feast day 26 April. Once erroneously split intoCletus andAnacletus.^[9] Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
4	c. 88 –c. 97 (?) (9 years)	StClement I CLEMENS	Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}	Roman citizen, born in the capital of theRoman Empire. Feast day 23 November. The earliestApostolic Father; issuedFirst Clement, which is said to be the basis of apostolic authority for the clergy. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 November. Possibly mentioned in theNew Testament (Epistle to the Philippians 4:3).^[10] He was martyred by being tied to an anchor and being thrown into the sea.
5	c. 97 –c. 105 (?) (8 years)	StEvaristus EVARISTVS	Bethlehem,Judaea, Roman Empire^{[birth 6]}	AHellenized Jew. Aperegrinus, free provincial subject of theRoman Empire who was not aRoman citizen. Feast day of 26 October. Said to have divided Rome into parishes, assigning a priest to each.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Date and place of birth	Notes
6	c. 105 –c. 115 (?) (10 years)	StAlexander I ALEXANDER	Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}	Roman citizen, born in the capital of theRoman Empire. Feast day 3 May. Inaugurated the custom of blessing houses with holy water. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 March.
7	c. 115 –c. 125 (10 years)	StSixtus I XYSTVS	c. 42 Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}	A Roman of Greek descent, born inItalia, thehomeland of theancient Romans. Uncertain if he was aperegrinus (a free subject of theRoman Empire) or aRoman citizen. Feast day 6 April. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.
8	c. 125 –c. 136 (11 years)	StTelesphorus TELESPHORVS	Terra Nova, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 7]}	A Roman of Greek descent, born inItalia, thehomeland of theancient Romans. Uncertain if he was aperegrinus (a free subject of theRoman Empire) or aRoman citizen. Feast day 5 January. Church FatherSt. Irenaeus called him a great martyr; the earliest attested martyrdom of pope after St. Peter. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 22 February.
9	c. 136 –c. 140 (4 years)	StHyginus HYGINVS	Athenae, Achaea, Roman Empire^{[birth 4]}	Greek. Aperegrinus, free provincial subject of theRoman Empire who was not aRoman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 11 January.
10	c. 140 –c. 155 (15 years)	StPius I PIVS	Aquileia, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 8]}	Roman citizen, born inItalia, thehomeland of theancient Romans. Brother of the freedmanHermas. Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July. Decreed thatEaster should only be celebrated on a Sunday.
11	c. 155 – 166/7 (11–12 years)	StAnicetus ANICETVS	Emesa,Syria, Roman Empire^{[birth 9]}	Hellenized Syrian; first Syrian pope. Aperegrinus, free provincial subject of theRoman Empire who was not aRoman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 20 April. Decreed that priests are not allowed to have long hair. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.
12	166/7 – 174/5 (8–9 years)	StSoter SOTER	Fundi, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 10]}	Roman citizen, born inItalia, thehomeland of theancient Romans. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 22 April. Declared that marriage was valid as a sacrament blessed by a priest; formally inaugurated Easter as an annual festival in Rome.
13	174/5 – 189 (14–15 years)	StEleutherius ELEVTHERIVS	Nicopolis,Epirus, Roman Empire^{[birth 11]}	Greek. Aperegrinus, free provincial subject of theRoman Empire who was not aRoman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 6 May.
14	189 – 198/9 (9–10 years)	StVictor I VICTOR	Africa, Roman Empire^{[birth 12]}	Roman Berber; first pope to have been born on the continent ofAfrica. Uncertain if he was aperegrinus (a free subject of theRoman Empire) or aRoman citizen. Feast day 28 July or 11 January. Known for excommunicatingTheodotus of Byzantium.Quartodecimanism controversy.
15	198/9 – 20 December 217 (18–19 years)	StZephyrinus ZEPHYRINVS	Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}	Roman citizen, born in the capital of theRoman Empire. Although not physically martyred (murdered), he is called a martyr for the suffering he endured; feast day 20 December. Combated against theadoptionist heresies of the followers of Theodotus of Byzantium, who were ruled by Theodotus and Asclepiodotus.
—	c. 198/9 – c. 199/200 (1 year)	Natalius NATALIVS	Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}	Roman citizen, born in the capital of theRoman Empire. In opposition toZephyrinus. Later reconciled.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end	Notes
16	218 – 14 October 222 (4 years)	StCallixtus I CALLISTVS	Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred; feast day 14 October.
—	217 – 235 (18 years)	StHippolytus HIPPOLYTVS	c. 170	47 / 65	Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). In opposition toCallixtus I,Urban I, andPontian. Later reconciled with Pontian (see below).
17	222 – 19 May 230 (7 years)	StUrban I VRBANVS	Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen. Feast day 25 May. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
18	21 July 230 – 28 September 235 (5 years, 69 days)	StPontian PONTIANVS	Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen. Feast day 13 August. First to abdicate due to his exile toSardinia by EmperorMaximinus Thrax. TheLiberian Catalogue recorded his exile on 28 September 235, the earliest exact date in papal history.^[12]^[13] Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
19	21 November 235 – 3 January 236 (43 days)	StAnterus ANTERVS	Petelia, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 13]}		Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Feast day 3 January. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
20	10 February 236 – 20 January 250 (13 years, 344 days)	StFabian FABIANVS	Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen. Feast day 20 January. Divided the communities of Rome into seven districts, each supervised by a deacon. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
21	March 251 – June 253 (2 years, 3 months)	StCornelius CORNELIVS	Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen. Died as a martyr through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September.
—	March 251 – 258 (7 years)	Novatian NOVATIANVS	c. 200–220 Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}	31–51 / 38–58	Roman citizen. Founder ofNovatianism. In opposition toCornelius,Lucius I,Stephen I, andSixtus II.
22	25 June 253 – 5 March 254 (253 days)	StLucius I LUCIVS	Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen. Feast day 5 March.
23	12 March 254 – 2 August 257 (3 years, 143 days)	StStephen I STEPHANVS	Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
24	31 August 257 – 6 August 258 (340 days)	StSixtus II XYSTVS Secundus	Athenae, Achaea, Roman Empire^{[birth 4]}		Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred by beheading; feast day 6 August. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
25	22 July 259 – 27 December 268 (9 years, 158 days)	StDionysius DIONYSIVS	Terra Nova, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 7]}		Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Feast day 26 December.
26	5 January 269 – 30 December 274 (5 years, 359 days)	StFelix I FELIX	Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen. Feast day 30 December.
27	4 January 275 – 7 December 283 (8 years, 337 days)	StEutychian EVTYCHIANVS	Luna, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 14]}		Roman citizen. Feast day 8 December.
28	17 December 283 – 22 April 296 (12 years, 127 days)	StCaius CAIVS	Salona,Dalmatia, Roman Empire^{[birth 15]}		Roman citizen. Martyred by beheading (according to legend); feast day 22 April. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 11 August.
29	30 June 296 – 25 October 304 (8 years, 117 days)	StMarcellinus MARCELLINVS	Roma, Italia, Roman Empire^{[birth 5]}		Roman citizen. Feast day 26 April. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end	Notes
30	27 May 308 – 16 January 309 (234 days)	StMarcellus I MARCELLVS	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire		Roman citizen. Banished from Rome by EmperorMaxentius (309) and died in exile; feast day 16 January.
31	18 April 309 – 17 August 310 (1 year, 121 days)	StEusebius EVSEBIVS	Achaea, Roman Empire		Roman citizen of Greek descent. Banished by Emperor Maxentius and died in exile; feast day 17 August.
32	2 July 311 – 10 January 314 (2 years, 192 days)	StMiltiades (Melchiades) MILTIADES	Africa, Roman Empire		Roman citizen ofBerber descent. Feast day 10 January. First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through theEdict of Milan (313), issued by EmperorConstantine I. Presided over theLateran Council of 313.
33	31 January 314 – 31 December 335 (21 years, 334 days)	StSylvester I SILVESTER	Fanum Sancti Angeli de Scala,Apulia et Calabria, Roman Empire		Roman citizen. Feast day 31 December. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 2 January. Pope during theFirst Council of Nicaea (325), the first ecumenical council. Under him were built: theArchbasilica of Saint John Lateran, theSanta Croce in Gerusalemme, and theOld St. Peter's Basilica. Stated to be the recipient of theDonation of Constantine, which was later shown to be a forgery.
34	18 January 336 – 7 October 336 (263 days)	StMark MARCVS	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire		Roman citizen. Feast day 7 October. Compiled stories of martyrs and bishops before his time. May have founded two churches in the area of Rome: Church of San Marco and a church at the Catacomb of Balbina, a cemetery.
35	6 February 337 – 12 April 352 (15 years, 66 days)	StJulius I IVLIVS	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire		Roman citizen. Feast day 12 April. He was involved in theArian controversy, supportingAthanasius of Alexandria.
36	17 May 352 – 24 September 366 (14 years, 130 days)	Liberius LIBERIVS	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire		Roman citizen. Banished by the Arian-leaning EmperorConstantius II and later yielding to him. Earliest pope not canonized by the Latin Church. Revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 27 August.^[14]
—	355 – 22 November 365 (10 years, 0 days)	Felix II FELIX Secundus	c. 300 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire	55 / 65	Roman citizen. In opposition toLiberius. Installed by Arian-leaning EmperorConstantius II.
37	1 October 366 – 11 December 384 (18 years, 71 days)	StDamasus I DAMASVS	c. 305Egitania,Lusitania or Rome, Italy, Roman Empire	60 / 78	Roman citizen. First pope from modern-dayPortugal. Feast day 11 December. Patron ofJerome, commissioned theVulgate translation of the Bible. Pope during theFirst Council of Constantinople (381), the second ecumenical council, and theCouncil of Rome (382). First pope to be the official head of the church after EmperorGratian abdicated the title ofPontifex Maximus.
—	1 October 366 – 16 November 367 (1 year, 46 days)	Ursinus VRSINVS	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire		Roman citizen. In opposition toDamasus I. Banished toGallia by EmperorValentinian II after a war between two sects and died after 384.
38	17 December 384 – 26 November 399 (14 years, 344 days)	StSiricius SIRICIVS	c. 334 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire	50 / 65	Roman citizen. Feast day 26 November. His famous letters—the earliest surviving texts of papal decretals—were focused particularly on religious discipline and include decisions on baptism, consecration, ordination, penance, and continence. Siricius's important decretal of 386 (written to BishopHimerius of Tarragona), commanding celibacy for priests, was the first decree on this subject.^[15]
39	27 November 399 – 19 December 401 (2 years, 22 days)	StAnastasius I ANASTASIVS	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire		Roman citizen. Feast day 19 December. Instructed priests to stand and bow their heads as they read from theGospels.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Date and place of birth	Notes
40	21 December 401 – 12 March 417 (15 years, 81 days)	StInnocent I INNOCENTIVS	Albanum,Latium etCampania, Roman Empire	Roman citizen. Feast day 12 March. Rome wassacked by the Visigoths under KingAlaric I (410).
41	18 March 417 – 26 December 418 (1 year, 283 days)	StZosimus ZOSIMVS	Messurga,Lucania et Bruttii, Roman Empire	Roman citizen of Greek descent. Feast day 27 December.
—	27 December 418 – 3 April 419 (97 days)	Eulalius EVLALIVS	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire	Roman citizen. In opposition toBoniface I. Elected on the eve of the election of Boniface, first benefited from the support of EmperorHonorius but lost it quickly. Exiled to Campania and died in 423.
42	28 December 418 – 4 September 422 (3 years, 250 days)	StBoniface I BONIFACIVS	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire	Roman citizen. Feast day 25 October.
43	10 September 422 – 27 July 432 (9 years, 321 days)	StCelestine I COELESTINVS	Campania, Roman Empire	Roman citizen. Feast day 27 July. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 8 April. Pope during theCouncil of Ephesus (431), the third ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox churches.
44	31 July 432 – 18 August 440 (8 years, 18 days)	StSixtus III XYSTVS Tertius	Rome, Italy, Roman Empire	Roman citizen. Feast day 28 March.
45	29 September 440 – 10 November 461 (21 years, 42 days)	StLeo I "the Great" LEO MAGNVS	Etruria, Italy, Roman Empire	Roman citizen. Feast day 10 November. ConvincedAttila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy. Convinced theVandals to spare the lives of the citizenry of Rome during their sack of the city. Wrote theTome, which was instrumental in theCouncil of Chalcedon (451) and in defining thehypostatic union. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 February.
46	19 November 461 – 29 February 468 (6 years, 102 days)	StHilarius HILARIVS	Sardinia, Italy,Western Roman Empire	Roman citizen. Feast day 28 February.
47	3 March 468 – 10 March 483 (15 years, 7 days)	StSimplicius SIMPLICIVS	Tibur, Italy, Western Roman Empire	Roman citizen, later a subject of theKingdom of Italy. Feast day 10 March. Pope during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent overtaking of Rome and Italy in general by KingOdoacer.
48	13 March 483 – 1 March 492 (8 years, 354 days)	StFelix III FELIX Tertius	Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire	Roman citizen, later a subject of theKingdom of Italy. Feast day 1 March. Sometimes called Felix II. Great-great-grandfather ofGregory I.
49	1 March 492 – 21 November 496 (4 years, 265 days)	StGelasius I GELASIVS	Mons Ferratus, Africa, Western Roman Empire	Roman citizen of Berber descent, later a subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy; last pope to have been born on the continent ofAfrica. Feast day 21 November. First pope called theVicarius Christi (Vicar of Christ).^[16]
50	24 November 496 – 19 November 498 (1 year, 360 days)	Anastasius II ANASTASIVS Secundus	Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire	Roman citizen of Greek descent, later a subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Tried to end theAcacian schism, but it resulted in theLaurentian schism. Earliest pope not canonized by either the Latin Church or the Eastern Church.
51	22 November 498 – 19 July 514 (15 years, 239 days)	StSymmachus SYMMACHVS	Sardinia, Italy, Western Roman Empire	Roman citizen, later a subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 19 July.
—	22 November 498 – Aug 506/8 (7 years, 252 days)	Laurentius LAVRENTIVS	Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire	Roman citizen, later a subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. In opposition toSymmachus. Elected on the same day as Symachus, KingTheodoric settled in favour of his adversary. Took control of Rome in 501 and remained pope in fact until he died in 506/08.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
52	20 July 514 – 6 August 523 (9 years, 17 days)	StHormisdas HORMISDAS	Hormisdas	c. 450Frusino, Italy, Western Roman Empire	64 / 73	Roman citizen, later a subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 6 August. Father ofSilverius.Acacian schism.
53	13 August 523 – 18 May 526 (2 years, 278 days)	StJohn I IOANNES	Ioannes	Sena Iulia, Italy, Western Roman Empire		Roman citizen, later a subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 18 May.
54	12 July 526 – 22 September 530 (4 years, 72 days)	StFelix IV FELIX Quartus	Felix	c. 490Samnium,Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy	36 / 40	Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy of Roman descent. Feast day 30 January. Sometimes called Felix III. BuiltSanti Cosma e Damiano.
55	22 September 530 – 17 October 532 (2 years, 25 days)	Boniface II BONIFACIVS Secundus	Bonifacius	Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy		Ostrogoth; firstGermanic pope. Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Changed the method of numbering the years in theJulian calendar fromAnno Martyrum toAnno Domini.
—	22 September 530 – 14 October 530 (22 days)	Dioscorus DIOSCORVS	Dioscorus	Alexandria,Aegyptus,Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen of Greek descent. In opposition toBoniface II. Candidate of the Byzantine party, elected by the majority of the cardinals and recognized byConstantinople, died less than a month after his election.
56	2 January 533 – 8 May 535 (2 years, 126 days)	John II IOANNES Secundus	Mercurius	c. 475 Rome, Western Roman Empire	58 / 60	Roman citizen, later a subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. First pope not to use his personal name (Mercurius), as it was associated with the Roman godMercury.
57	13 May 535 – 22 April 536 (356 days)	StAgapetus I AGAPITVS	Agapetus	c. 490 Rome, Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy	45 / 46	Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy of Roman descent. Feast days 22 April and 20 September. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.
58	8 June 536 – 11 March 537 (276 days)	StSilverius SILVERIVS	Silverius	Cicanum,Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy		Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy of Roman descent. Exiled; feast day 20 June. Son ofHormisdas.
59	29 March 537 – 7 June 555 (18 years, 70 days)	Vigilius VIGILIVS	Vigilius	c. 497 Rome, Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy	40 / 58	Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Pope during theSecond Council of Constantinople (553), the fifth ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
60	16 April 556 – 4 March 561 (4 years, 322 days)	Pelagius I PELAGIVS	Pelagius	c. 500 Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy	56 / 61	Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Credited with the construction of the basilica ofSanti Apostoli.
61	17 July 561 – 13 July 574 (12 years, 361 days)	John III IOANNES Tertius	Catelinus	Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy		Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Second pope not to use his personal name (Catelinus).
62	2 June 575 – 30 July 579 (4 years, 58 days)	Benedict I BENEDICTVS	Benedictus	Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy		Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
63	26 November 579 – 7 February 590 (10 years, 73 days)	Pelagius II PELAGIVS Secundus	Pelagius	Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy		Romanized Ostrogoth. Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Ordered the construction of theBasilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura.
64	3 September 590 – 12 March 604 (13 years, 191 days)	StGregory I "the Great" GREGORIVS MAGNVS	Gregorius	c. 540 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire	50 / 64	Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 3 September. Great-great-grandson ofFelix III. First pope to employ the titlesPontifex Maximus andServus servorum Dei formally. Established theGregorian chant. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 12 March. Known as "the Father of Christian Worship". Known as "St. Gregory the Dialogist" inEastern Orthodoxy.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
65	13 September 604 – 22 February 606 (1 year, 162 days)	Sabinian SABINIANVS	Sabinianus	c. 530Blera, Eastern Roman Empire	74 / 76	Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. For the next two centuries, the Roman popes were all controlled by the(Eastern) Roman Empire.
66	19 February 607 – 12 November 607 (266 days)	Boniface III BONIFACIVS Tertius	Bonifacius	Rome, Eastern Roman Empire		Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek descent.
67	15 September 608 – 8 May 615 (6 years, 235 days)	StBoniface IV BONIFACIVS Quartus	Bonifacius,O.S.B.	c. 550Marsica, Eastern Roman Empire	58 / 65	Subject of the(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 8 May. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict. First pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
68	13 November 615 – 8 November 618 (2 years, 360 days)	StAdeodatus I ADEODATVS	Adeodatus (or Deusdedit)	Rome, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 8 November. Sometimes called Deusdedit. First pope to use lead seals on papal documents, which in time came to be calledpapal bulls.
69	23 December 619 – 25 October 625 (5 years, 306 days)	Boniface V BONIFACIVS Quintus	Bonifacius	Neapolis, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
70	27 October 625 – 12 October 638 (12 years, 350 days)	Honorius I HONORIVS	Honorius	Ceperanum, Campania, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Named a heretic andanathematized by theThird Council of Constantinople (680).
71	28 May 640 – 2 August 640 (66 days)	Severinus SEVERINVS	Severinus	c. 585 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire	55 / 55	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
72	24 December 640 – 12 October 642 (1 year, 292 days)	John IV IOANNES Quartus	Ioannes	c. 585Iadera, Dalmatia, Eastern Roman Empire	53 / 55	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
73	24 November 642 – 14 May 649 (6 years, 171 days)	Theodore I THEODORVS	Theodorus	Hierosolyma, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Last pope fromPalestine. Planned theLateran Council of 649 but died before it could open.
74	5 July 649 – 16 September 655 (6 years, 73 days)	StMartin I MARTINVS	Martinus	c. 598 NearTuder,Umbria, Eastern Roman Empire	51 / 57	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Last pope recognized as a martyr; feast day 12 November. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 14 April.
75	10 August 654 – 2 June 657 (2 years, 296 days)	StEugene I EVGENIVS	Eugenius	c. 615 Rome,Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire	39 / 42	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 2 June.
76	30 July 657 – 27 January 672 (14 years, 181 days)	StVitalian VITALIANVS	Vitalianus	c. 600Signia, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire	56 / 71	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 27 January.
77	11 April 672 – 17 June 676 (4 years, 67 days)	Adeodatus II ADEODATVS Secundus	Adeodatus,O.S.B.	c. 621 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire	51 / 55	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict. Sometimes called Adeodatus, without a number, in reference toAdeodatus I sometimes being called Deusdedit.
78	2 November 676 – 11 April 678 (1 year, 160 days)	Donus DONVS	Donus	Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
79	27 June 678 – 10 January 681 (2 years, 197 days)	StAgatho AGATHO	Agatho	c. 577Panormus,Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire	101 / 104	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 10 January. Also revered as a saint inEastern Christianity, with a feast day of 20 February. Pope during theThird Council of Constantinople (680), the sixth ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
80	17 August 682 – 3 July 683 (320 days)	StLeo II LEO Secundus	Leo	c. 611Aydonum, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire	71 / 72	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 3 July.
81	26 June 684 – 8 May 685 (316 days)	StBenedict II BENEDICTVS Secundus	Benedictus	c. 635 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire	49 / 50	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 7 May.
82	23 July 685 – 2 August 686 (1 year, 10 days)	John V IOANNES Quintus	Ioannes	c. 635Antiochia, Syria, Eastern Roman Empire	50 / 51	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity.
83	21 October 686 – 21 September 687 (335 days)	Conon CONON	Conon	c. 630Thracia, Eastern Roman Empire	56 / 57	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity.
84	15 December 687 – 8 September 701 (13 years, 267 days)	StSergius I SERGIVS	Sergius	c. 650 Palermo, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire	37 / 51	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was a Hellenized Syrian. Introduced the singing of theLamb of God atMass.^[16]

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
85	30 October 701 – 11 January 705 (3 years, 73 days)	John VI IOANNES Sextus	Ioannes	c. 655Ephesus, Eastern Roman Empire	46 / 50	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. The only pope who came fromAsia Minor.
86	1 March 705 – 18 October 707 (2 years, 231 days)	John VII IOANNES Septimus	Ioannes	c. 650Rossanum,Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire	55 / 57	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Second pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
87	15 January 708 – 4 February 708 (20 days)	Sisinnius SISINNIVS	Sisinnius	Syria,Rashidun Caliphate		Subject of theRashidun Caliphate. Was of Syrian ethnicity.
88	25 March 708 – 9 April 715 (7 years, 15 days)	Constantine CONSTANTINVS	Constantinus	c. 664Tyre,Jund al-Urdunn, Syria,Umayyad Caliphate	44 / 51	Subject of theUmayyad Caliphate. Was of Syrian ethnicity. Last pope to visitGreece while in office untilJohn Paul II in 2001.
89	19 May 715 – 11 February 731 (15 years, 268 days)	StGregory II GREGORIVS Secundus	Gregorius	c. 669 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire	46 / 62	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 11 February. Held theSynod of Rome (721).
90	18 March 731 – 28 November 741 (10 years, 255 days)	StGregory III GREGORIVS Tertius	Gregorius	Syria, Umayyad Caliphate		Subject of theUmayyad Caliphate; last pope fromSyria. Third pope to come from aMuslim country. Last pope to have been born outsideEurope until the election ofFrancis in 2013. Third pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
91	3 December 741 – 22 March 752 (10 years, 110 days)	StZachary ZACHARIAS	Zacharias	c. 679Sancta Severina, Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire	62 / 73	(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 15 March. Built the church ofSanta Maria sopra Minerva.
—	23 March 752 – 26 March 752 (3 days) (Never took office as pope)	Stephen (II) STEPHANVS (Secundus)	Stephanus	Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Previously known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election, having never receivedepiscopal consecration. Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the 16th century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.
92	26 March 752 – 26 April 757 (5 years, 31 days)	Stephen II STEPHANVS Secundus	Stephanus	c. 714 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire	38 / 43	(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independentPapal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Sometimes called Stephen III. TheDonation of Pepin. Brother ofPaul I.
93	29 May 757 – 28 June 767 (10 years, 30 days)	StPaul I PAVLVS	Paulus	c. 700 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire	57 / 67	(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independentPapal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Brother ofStephen II.
94	7 August 768 – 24 January 772 (3 years, 170 days)	Stephen III STEPHANVS Tertius	Stephanus	c. 720 Syracuse, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire	48 / 52	(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independentPapal States. Was of Greek ethnicity. Sometimes called Stephen IV. He summoned theLateran Council of 769.
95	1 February 772 – 26 December 795 (23 years, 328 days)	Adrian I HADRIANVS	Hadrianus	c. 700 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire	72 / 95	(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independentPapal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Pope during theSecond Council of Nicaea (787), the seventh ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
96	26 December 795 – 12 June 816 (20 years, 169 days)	StLeo III LEO Tertius	Leo	Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire		(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independentPapal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Crowned EmperorCharlemagne on Christmas Day in 800, thereby initiating what would become theHoly Roman Empire, requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its rulers' legitimacy.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
97	22 June 816 – 24 January 817 (216 days)	Stephen IV STEPHANVS Quartus	Stephanus	Rome,Papal States		First pope born in Rome after breaking away from the (Eastern) Roman Empire. Sometimes called Stephen V.
98	25 January 817 – 11 February 824 (7 years, 17 days)	StPaschal I PASCHALIS	Paschalis	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Son of Bonosus andTheodora. Credited with finding the body ofSaint Cecilia in theCatacomb of Callixtus and building the basilica ofSanta Cecilia in Trastevere and the church ofSanta Maria in Domnica.
99	6 June 824 – 27 August 827 (3 years, 111 days)	Eugene II EVGENIVS Secundus	Eugenius	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
100	31 August 827 – 10 October 827 (40 days)	Valentine VALENTINVS	Valentinus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
101	20 December 827 – 25 January 844 (16 years, 36 days)	Gregory IV GREGORIVS Quartus	Gregorius	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Rebuilt the atrium ofSt. Peter's Basilica and in the newly decorated chapel. Transferred the body ofGregory I.
102	25 January 844 – 27 January 847 (3 years, 2 days)	Sergius II SERGIVS Secundus	Sergius	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
103	10 April 847 – 17 July 855 (8 years, 98 days)	StLeo IV LEO Quartus	Leo,O.S.B.	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Was ofLombard ethnicity. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict.
104	29 September 855 – 17 April 858 (2 years, 200 days)	Benedict III BENEDICTVS Tertius	Benedictus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
105	24 April 858 – 13 November 867 (9 years, 203 days)	StNicholas I "the Great" NICOLAVS MAGNVS	Nicolaus	c. 800 Rome, Papal States	58 / 67	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Feast day 13 November. Encouraged missionary activity.
106	14 December 867 – 14 December 872 (5 years, 0 days)	Adrian II HADRIANVS Secundus	Hadrianus	c. 792 Rome, Papal States	75 / 80	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Pope during theFourth Council of Constantinople (869–870), the eighth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.
107	14 December 872 – 16 December 882 (10 years, 2 days)	John VIII IOANNES Octavus	Ioannes	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. First pope to be assassinated.
108	16 December 882 – 15 May 884 (1 year, 151 days)	Marinus I MARINVS	Marinus	c. 830Gallese, Papal States	52 / 54	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Erroneously also known as Martin II.
109	17 May 884 – 8 July 885 (1 year, 121 days)	StAdrian III HADRIANVS Tertius	Hadrianus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Feast day 8 July.Adrian I was possibly his ancestor.
110	September 885 – 14 September 891 (5 years, 355 days)	Stephen V STEPHANVS Quintus	Stephanus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Sometimes called Stephen VI.
111	6 October 891 – 4 April 896 (4 years, 181 days)	Formosus FORMOSVS	Formosus	c. 816Ostia, Papal States	75 / 80	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.Posthumously tried andexecuted byStephen VI in January 897 at theCadaver Synod. His body was reburied with full Christian honours in the late 897.
112	11 April 896 – 26 April 896 (15 days)	Boniface VI BONIFATIVS Sextus	Bonifatius	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
113	22 May 896 – 14 August 897 (1 year, 84 days)	Stephen VI STEPHANVS	Stephanus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Sometimes called Stephen VII. Held the infamousCadaver Synod.
114	14 August 897 – November 897 (92 days)	Romanus ROMANVS	Romanus	Gallese, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
115	December 897 – 20 December 897 (19 days)	Theodore II THEODORVS Secundus	Theodorus	c. 840 Rome, Papal States	57 / 57	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Was of Greek ethnicity.
116	18 January 898 – 5 January 900 (1 year, 352 days)	John IX IOANNES Nonus	Ioannes,O.S.B.	c. 825Tivoli, Papal States	73 / 75	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Was ofLombard ethnicity. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict.
117	1 February 900 – 30 July 903 (3 years, 179 days)	Benedict IV BENEDICTVS Quartus	Benedictus	c. 840 Rome, Papal States	60 / 63	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
118	30 July 903 – December 903 (124 days)	Leo V LEO Quintus	Leo	Ardea, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Deposed and murdered.
—	October 903 – January 904 (92 days)	Christopher CHRISTOFORVS	Christoforus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toLeo V.
119	29 January 904 – 14 April 911 (7 years, 75 days)	Sergius III SERGIVS Tertius	Sergius	c. 860 Rome, Papal States	44 / 51	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.Saeculum obscurum began. First pope to be depicted with thepapal tiara.
120	14 April 911 – June 913 (2 years, 48 days)	Anastasius III ANASTASIVS Tertius	Anastasius	c. 865 Rome, Papal States	46 / 48	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
121	7 July 913 – 5 February 914 (213 days)	Lando LANDVS	Lando	Sabina, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Last to use a new and non-composed regnal name untilFrancis (2013–2025).
122	March 914 – 28 May 928 (14 years, 88 days)	John X IOANNES Decimus	Ioannes	Tossignano, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
123	28 May 928 – February 929 (249 days)	Leo VI LEO Sextus	Leo	c. 880 Rome, Papal States	48 / 40	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
124	3 February 929 – 13 February 931 (2 years, 10 days)	Stephen VII STEPHANVS Septimus	Stephanus de Gabrielli	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Sometimes called Stephen VIII.
125	15 March 931 – December 935 (4 years, 261 days)	John XI IOANNES Undecimus	Ioannes	c. 910 Rome, Papal States	21 / 25	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Probably, according to theLiber Pontificalis andLiutprand of Cremona, the son ofSergius III, who wasMarozia's husband, and not ofAlberic I of Spoleto.
126	3 January 936 – 13 July 939 (3 years, 191 days)	Leo VII LEO Septimus	Leo,O.S.B.	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict.
127	14 July 939 – 30 October 942 (3 years, 108 days)	Stephen VIII STEPHANVS Octavus	Stephanus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Sometimes called Stephen IX.
128	30 October 942 – 1 May 946 (3 years, 183 days)	Marinus II MARINVS Secundus	Marinus	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Erroneously also known as Martin III.
129	10 May 946 – 8 November 955 (9 years, 182 days)	Agapetus II AGAPITVS Secundus	Agapetus	c. 911 Rome, Papal States	35 / 44	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
130	16 December 955 – 6 December 963 (7 years, 355 days)	John XII IOANNES Duodecimus	Ottaviano	c. 930–37 Rome, Papal States	18–25 / 26–33 (†27–34)	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Third pope not to use his personal name (Ottaviano). Crowned EmperorOtto I in 962. Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto I invalidly.
—	6 December 963 – 26 February 964 (82 days)	Leo VIII LEO Octavus	Leo	c. 915 Rome, Papal States	48 / 49 (†50)	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. Appointedantipope by Emperor Otto I in 963 in opposition toJohn XII andBenedict V. His pontificate from 963 to 964 is considered illegitimate by today's Catholic Church.
130	26 February 964 – 14 May 964 (78 days)	John XII IOANNES Duodecimus	Ottaviano	c. 930–37 Rome, Papal States	27–34 / 27–34	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Possibly murdered in 964. End of theSaeculum obscurum.
131	22 May 964 – 23 June 964 (32 days)	Benedict V BENEDICTVS Quintus	Benedetto	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Elected by the people of Rome in opposition toLeo VIII, who was appointed by Emperor Otto I. Accepted his deposition in favour of Leo VIII in 964.
132	23 June 964 – 1 March 965 (251 days)	Leo VIII LEO Octavus	Leo	c. 915 Rome, Papal States	49 / 50	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. His pontificate after the deposition ofBenedict V is considered legitimate by today's Catholic Church.
133	1 October 965 – 6 September 972 (6 years, 341 days)	John XIII IOANNES Tertius Decimus	Giovanni deiCrescenzi	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Chronicled after his death as "the Good".
134	19 January 973 – 8 June 974 (1 year, 140 days)	Benedict VI BENEDICTVS Sextus	Benedetto	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Was ofLombard ethnicity. Deposed and murdered.
—	July 974 – July 974 (30 days)	Boniface VII BONIFATIVS Septimus	Francone Ferucci	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States, born Francone Ferucci. In opposition toBenedict VI andBenedict VII.
135	October 974 – 10 July 983 (8 years, 282 days)	Benedict VII BENEDICTVS Septimus	Benedetto	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
136	December 983 – 20 August 984 (263 days)	John XIV IOANNES Quartus Decimus	Pietro Canepanova	Pavia,Kingdom of Italy		Subject of theKingdom of Italy. Fourth pope not to use his personal name (Pietro Canepanova).
—	20 August 984 – 20 July 985 (334 days)	Boniface VII BONIFATIVS Septimus	Francone Ferucci	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toJohn XIV andJohn XV.
137	20 August 985 – 1 April 996 (10 years, 225 days)	John XV IOANNES Quintus Decimus	Giovanni di Gallina Alba	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. First pope to formally canonize a saint.
138	3 May 996 – 18 February 999 (2 years, 291 days)	Gregory V GREGORIVS Quintus	Bruno von Kärnten	c. 972Stainach,Duchy of Carinthia	24 / 27	Subject of theDuchy of Carinthia. First officialGerman pope. Fifth pope not to use his personal name (Bruno). Henceforth, this decision became tradition among the future popes.
—	April 997 – February 998 (306 days)	John XVI IOANNES Sextus Decimus	Iōánnēs Philágathos,O.S.B.	c. 945Rossanum, Calabria, Italy, Eastern Roman Empire	52 / 53 (†56)	(Eastern) Roman citizen. In opposition toGregory V.
139	2 April 999 – 12 May 1003 (4 years, 40 days)	Sylvester II SILVESTER Secundus	Gerbert d'Aurillac,O.S.B.	c. 945Belliac,Kingdom of the West Franks	53 / 57	Subject of theKingdom of the West Franks (later renamedKingdom of France). FirstFrench (Occitan) pope. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict.

Popes of the 15th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
204	17 October 1404 – 6 November 1406 (2 years, 20 days)	Innocent VII INNOCENTIVS Septimus	Cosimo Gentile Migliorati	1339Sulmona, Kingdom of Naples	65 / 67	Subject of theKingdom of Naples. Reigned during theWestern Schism.
205	30 November 1406 – 4 July 1415 (8 years, 216 days)	Gregory XII GREGORIVS Duodecimus	AngeloCorrer	c. 1327Venice,Republic of Venice	79 / 88 (†90)	Citizen of theRepublic of Venice. Reigned during theWestern Schism. Confirmed theCouncil of Constance (1415); convinced toabdicate to end the Western Schism. Last pope to abdicate untilBenedict XVI (2013).
—	30 June 1409 – 3 May 1410 (307 days)	Alexander V ALEXANDER Quintus	Pétros Philárgēs, O.F.M.	1339Neapoli,Candia, Republic of Venice	70 / 71	Citizen of theRepublic of Venice. Was of Greek ethnicity.Western Schism. In opposition toGregory XII. Considered a legitimate pope until 1963 and is still numbered as such to this day.
—	25 May 1410 – 29 May 1415 (5 years, 4 days)	John XXIII IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius	Baldassarre Cossa	1365Procida, Kingdom of Naples	45 / 50 (†54)	Subject of theKingdom of Naples.Western Schism. In opposition toGregory XII. Convened theCouncil of Constance (1414). Deposed. Became thedean of the College of Cardinals in 1417. Was considered a legitimate pope until 1958.
—	4 July 1415 – 11 November 1417 (2 years, 136 days)	Interregnum				Two-year period without a valid pope elected. TheCouncil of Constance (1414–1418) called on all three papal claimants to abdicate, but onlyGregory XII (Roman) did.John XXIII (Pisan) was deposed,Benedict XIII (Avignon) was excommunicated, and a new pope (Martin V) was elected.
206	11 November 1417 – 20 February 1431 (13 years, 101 days)	Martin V MARTINVS Quintus	OddoneColonna	January–February 1369Genazzano, Papal States	48 / 62	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. His election effectively ended theWestern Schism. Convened theCouncil of Basel (1431); initiated theHussite Wars.
—	10 June 1423 – 26 July 1429 (6 years, 36 days)	Clement VIII CLEMENS Octavus	Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón	1369Teruel, Kingdom of Aragon	54 / 60 (†77)	Subject of theKingdom of Aragon.Western Schism. In opposition toMartin V. Later submitted to Martin V.
—	1424 – 1429 (5 years)	Benedict XIV BENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus	Bernard Garnier	Kingdom of France		Subject of theKingdom of France. Twoantipope claimants.^[21]
—	1430 – 1437 (7 years)	Benedict XIV BENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus	Jean Carrier	Kingdom of France		Subject of theKingdom of France. Twoantipope claimants.^[22]
207	3 March 1431 – 23 February 1447 (15 years, 357 days)	Eugene IV EVGENIVS Quartus	GabrieleCondulmer,Can.Reg.	1383 Venice, Republic of Venice	48 / 64	Citizen of theRepublic of Venice. Nephew ofGregory XII.Canon Regular of San Giorgio in Alga. Crowned EmperorSigismund at Rome in 1433. Issued the papal bullCreator Omnium (1434), rescinding any recognition of Portugal's right to conquer the still-paganCanary Islands and excommunicating anyone who enslaved the newly-converted Christians, the penalty to stand until the captives were restored to their freedom and possessions. Transferred theCouncil of Basel to Ferrara (1438); it was eventually transferred again to Florence (1439–1445) to avoid thebubonic plague.
—	5 November 1439 – 7 April 1449 (9 years, 153 days)	Felix V FELIX Quintus	Amédée deSavoie	4 September 1383Chambéry,County of Savoy	56 / 65 (†67)	Subject of theCounty of Savoy. In opposition toEugene IV andNicholas V. Later submitted to Nicholas V. Also ruled ascount and thenduke of Savoy.^[23]
208	6 March 1447 – 24 March 1455 (8 years, 18 days)	Nicholas V NICOLAVS Quintus	Tommaso Parentucelli	13 November 1397Sarzana, Republic of Genoa	49 / 57	Citizen of theRepublic of Genoa. Held the 1450jubilee. Crowned EmperorFrederick III at Rome in 1452. Issued the bullDum Diversas (1452), recognizing Portugal's right to conquer and subjugate the Saracens and pagans. Created a library in the Vatican, which would eventually become theBibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana.
209	8 April 1455 – 6 August 1458 (3 years, 120 days)	Callixtus III CALLISTVS Tertius	Alfons deBorja	31 December 1378Xàtiva,Kingdom of Valencia	76 / 79	Subject of theKingdom of Valencia (and therefore subject of theCrown of Aragon). FirstValencian pope. Instituted theFeast of the Transfiguration to be celebrated on 6 August. Ordered theretrial of Joan of Arc, leading to her vindication. Elevated his nephews tocardinals, one of whom later becamePope Alexander VI.
210	19 August 1458 – 15 August 1464 (5 years, 362 days)	Pius II PIVS Secundus	Enea Silvio BartolomeoPiccolomini	18 October 1405Corsignano,Republic of Siena	52 / 58	Citizen of theRepublic of Siena. Displayed a great interest in urban planning. FoundedPienza near Siena as the ideal city in 1462. Known for his work on theCommentaries.
211	30 August 1464 – 26 July 1471 (6 years, 330 days)	Paul II PAVLVS Secundus	PietroBarbo	23 February 1417 Venice, Republic of Venice	47 / 54	Citizen of theRepublic of Venice. Nephew ofEugene IV. Built the Palazzo San Marco (nowPalazzo Venezia). Approved the introduction of printing in the Papal States.
212	9 August 1471 – 12 August 1484 (13 years, 3 days)	Sixtus IV XYSTVS Quartus	Francescodella Rovere,O.F.M.	21 July 1414Celle Ligure, Republic of Genoa	57 / 70	Citizen of theRepublic of Genoa. Member of theFranciscan Order. Commissioned theSistine Chapel and created theVatican Archives. Authorized theSpanish Inquisition at the request of theCatholic Monarchs of Spain, targetingconverted Jewish Christians in Spain. A patron of the arts; he brought together the group of artists who ushered theEarly Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpieces of the city's new artistic age. Known for his nepotism and involvement in thePazzi conspiracy.
213	29 August 1484 – 25 July 1492 (7 years, 331 days)	Innocent VIII INNOCENTIVS Octavus	Giovanni BattistaCybo	1432 Genoa, Republic of Genoa	52 / 60	Citizen of theRepublic of Genoa. AppointedTomás de Torquemada as theinquisitor general of theSpanish Inquisition. Endorsed the prosecution of witchcraft in the bullSummis desiderantes affectibus (1484).
214	11 August 1492 – 18 August 1503 (11 years, 7 days)	Alexander VI ALEXANDER Sextus	Roderic Llançol i deBorja	1 January 1431 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia	61 / 72	Subject of theKingdom of Valencia (and therefore subject of theCrown of Aragon). Nephew ofCallixtus III; father to bothCesare Borgia andLucrezia Borgia. Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in the papal bullInter caetera (1493). Considered as one of the most controversial of theRenaissance popes, partly because he acknowledged fathering several children by his mistresses. As a result, his Italianized Valencian surname, Borgia, became a byword for libertinism and nepotism, traditionally considered as characterizing his pontificate.

Popes of the 16th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
215	22 September 1503 – 18 October 1503 (26 days)	Pius III PIVS Tertius	Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini	29 May 1439 Siena, Republic of Siena	64 / 64	Citizen of theRepublic of Siena. Nephew ofPius II. Founded the Piccolomini Library in theSiena Cathedral.
216	31 October 1503 – 21 February 1513 (9 years, 113 days)	Julius II IVLIVS Secundus	Giulianodella Rovere,O.F.M.	5 December 1443Albisola, Republic of Genoa	59 / 69	Citizen of theRepublic of Genoa. Nephew ofSixtus IV. Member of theFranciscan Order. Nicknamed the "Warrior Pope" or the "Fearsome Pope". Became pope in the context of the Italian Wars, a period in which the major powers of Europe fought for primacy in the Italian peninsula. Took control of all thePapal States for the first time. Established theVatican Museums and initiated the rebuilding ofSt. Peter's Basilica. The same year, he organized the famousSwiss Guard for his personal protection and commanded a successful campaign in Romagna against the local lords. The interests of Julius II also lay in the New World, as he ratified theTreaty of Tordesillas (1506), establishing the first bishoprics in the Americas and starting the catholicization ofLatin America. Commissioned the fourRaphael Rooms andMichelangelo's paintings in theSistine Chapel (1508). Convened theFifth Council of the Lateran (1512). Julius II was described byMachiavelli in his works as the ideal prince. Julius II allowed people seekingindulgences to donate money to the Church, which would be used for the construction of St. Peter's Basilica.
217	9 March 1513 – 1 December 1521 (8 years, 267 days)	Leo X LEO Decimus	Giovanni di Lorenzo de'Medici	11 December 1475Florence,Republic of Florence	37 / 45	Citizen of theRepublic of Florence. Son ofLorenzo the Magnificent. Closed theFifth Council of the Lateran (1517). Remembered for granting indulgences to those who donated to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica and for excommunicatingMartin Luther (1521). Extended the Spanish Inquisition into Portugal. Borrowed and spent money without circumspection and was a significant patron of the arts. Under his reign, progress was made on the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica, and artists such as Raphael decorated the Vatican rooms. Leo X also reorganized theRoman University and promoted the study of literature, poetry, and antiquities. Last pope to not have been in the priestly orders at the time of his election to the papacy.
218	9 January 1522 – 14 September 1523 (1 year, 248 days)	Adrian VI HADRIANVS Sextus	Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens	2 March 1459Utrecht,Bishopric of Utrecht	62 / 64	Motto:Patere et sustine("Respect and wait")^[24] Subject of theBishopric of Utrecht. The onlyDutch pope; last non-Italian to be elected pope untilJohn Paul II in 1978. Tutor of EmperorCharles V. Came to the papacy in the midst of one of its greatest crises, threatened not only by Lutheranism to the north, but also by the advance of theOttoman Turks to the east. He refused to compromise with Lutheranism theologically, demanding Martin Luther's condemnation as a heretic. However, he is noted for his attempt to reform the Catholic Church administratively in response to the Protestant Reformation. Adrian VI's remarkable admission that the turmoil of the Church was the fault of theRoman Curia itself was read at the 1522–1523 Diet of Nuremberg. His efforts at reform, however, proved fruitless, as they were resisted by most of hisRenaissance ecclesiastical contemporaries, and he did not live long enough to see his efforts through to their conclusion.
219	26 November 1523 – 25 September 1534 (10 years, 303 days)	Clement VII CLEMENS Septimus	Giulio di Giuliano de'Medici	26 May 1478 Florence, Republic of Florence	45 / 56	Motto:Candor illaesus("Unharmed candor")^[25] Citizen of theRepublic of Florence. Cousin ofLeo X. Rome wassacked by imperial troops (1527). Forbade the divorce of KingHenry VIII of England. Crowned Emperor Charles V atBologna in 1530. CommissionedMichelangelo's painting ofThe Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel (1533). ApprovedCopernicus'sheliocentric model of the universe (1533). Theniece of the pope was married to the futureHenry II of France (1533). Recognized theOrder of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins).
220	13 October 1534 – 10 November 1549 (15 years, 28 days)	Paul III PAVLVS Tertius	AlessandroFarnese	29 February 1468Canino, Papal States	66 / 81	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Recognized theJesuits (1540). Opened theCouncil of Trent (1545). His illegitimate son became the firstduke of Parma. Decreed the second and final excommunication of KingHenry VIII of England. Appointed Michelangelo to supervise construction of St. Peter's Basilica (1546).
221	7 February 1550 – 29 March 1555 (5 years, 50 days)	Julius III IVLIVS Tertius	Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte	10 September 1487 Rome, Papal States	62 / 67	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Reopened theCouncil of Trent (1551). Established theCollegium Germanicum (1552). TheInnocenzo Scandal.
222	9 April 1555 – 1 May 1555 (22 days)	Marcellus II MARCELLVS Secundus	Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi	6 May 1501Montefano, Papal States	53 / 53	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Last to use his birth name as hispapal name. Instituted immediate economies in the expenditure of the Holy See. TheMissa Papae Marcelli was composed in his honour.
223	23 May 1555 – 18 August 1559 (4 years, 87 days)	Paul IV PAVLVS Quartus	Gian PietroCarafa,C.R.	28 June 1476Capriglia Irpina, Kingdom of Naples	78 / 83	Motto:Dominus mihi adjutor("The Lord is my helper")^[26] Subject of theKingdom of Naples. Founder and member of theTheatines. Established theRoman Ghetto in the bullCum nimis absurdum (1555) and published theIndex of Forbidden Books (1559). Ordered Michelangelo to repaint the nude figures inThe Last Judgment modestly.
224	26 December 1559 – 9 December 1565 (5 years, 348 days)	Pius IV PIVS Quartus	Giovanni AngeloMedici	31 March 1499Milan,Duchy of Milan	60 / 66	Subject of theDuchy of Milan. Reopened and closed theCouncil of Trent (1563). Ordered public construction to improve the water supply of Rome. Instituted theTridentine Creed.
225	7 January 1566 – 1 May 1572 (6 years, 115 days)	StPius V PIVS Quintus	Antonio Ghislieri,O.P.	17 January 1504Bosco, Duchy of Milan	61 / 68	Motto:Utinam dirigantur viae meae ad custodiendas("O that my ways may be steadfast in keeping Thy statutes") Subject of theDuchy of Milan. Member of theDominican Order, with the religious name Michele. Excommunicated QueenElizabeth I of England. Issued the1570 Roman Missal.Battle of Lepanto (1571); instituted the feast ofOur Lady of Victory.
226	13 May 1572 – 10 April 1585 (12 years, 322 days)	Gregory XIII GREGORIVS Tertius Decimus	UgoBoncompagni	7 January 1502 Bologna, Papal States	70 / 83	Motto:Aperuit et clausit("Opened and closed")^[27] Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Built the Gregorian Chapel in the Vatican. First pope to bestow theImmaculate Conception as the patron saint of the Philippine Islands through the bullIlius Fulti Praesido (1579). Strengthened diplomatic ties with Asian nations.Reformed the calendar (1582).
227	24 April 1585 – 27 August 1590 (5 years, 125 days)	Sixtus V XYSTVS Quintus	Felice Peretti di Montalto,O.F.M. Conv.	13 December 1521Grottammare, Papal States	63 / 68	Motto:Aqua et panis, vita canis("Water and bread are a dog's life")^[28] Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Member of theConventual Franciscan Order. Fixed and completed building works to major basilicas in Rome. Limited theCollege of Cardinals to 70 in number;doubled the number ofCurial congregations (1588).
228	15 September 1590 – 27 September 1590 (12 days)	Urban VII VRBANVS Septimus	Giovanni Battista Castagna	4 August 1521 Rome, Papal States	69 / 69	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Supported by Spain. Shortest-reigning pope; died before coronation. Set the first known worldwide smoking ban, banning smoking in and near all churches.
229	5 December 1590 – 16 October 1591 (315 days)	Gregory XIV GREGORIVS Quartus Decimus	Niccolò Sfondrati	11 February 1535Somma Lombardo, Duchy of Milan	55 / 56	Subject of theDuchy of Milan. Modified the constitutionEffraenatam ofSixtus V so that the penalty for abortion did not apply until the foetus became animated. Madegambling on papal elections punishable by excommunication through the bullCogit nos (1591) to maintain the sanctity and seriousness of the election process.
230	29 October 1591 – 30 December 1591 (62 days)	Innocent IX INNOCENTIVS Nonus	Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti	20 July 1519 Bologna, Papal States	72 / 72	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Supported the cause of KingPhilip II of Spain and theCatholic League against KingHenry IV of France in theFrench Wars of Religion. Prohibited alienation of church property.
231	30 January 1592 – 3 March 1605 (13 years, 32 days)	Clement VIII CLEMENS Octavus	IppolitoAldobrandini	24 February 1536Fano, Papal States	55 / 69	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Initiated an alliance of European Christian powers to partake in the war with theOttoman Empire known as theLong War (1595). Convened theCongregatio de Auxiliis, addressing the doctrinal disputes between theDominicans andJesuits regarding free will and divine grace.^[29]

Popes of the 17th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
232	1 April 1605 – 27 April 1605 (26 days)	Leo XI LEO Undecimus	Alessandro Ottaviano de'Medici	2 June 1535 Florence,Duchy of Florence	69 / 69	Subject of theDuchy of Florence. Great-nephew ofLeo X. Called the "Lightning Pope" (Papa Lampo) due to his brief pontificate.
233	16 May 1605 – 28 January 1621 (15 years, 257 days)	Paul V PAVLVS Quintus	CamilloBorghese	17 September 1550 Rome, Papal States	54/ 70	Motto:Absit nisi in Te gloriari("May it be absent, except to glory in You")^[30] Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Known for financing many building projects, including the facade ofSt. Peter's Basilica. Established theBank of the Holy Spirit (1605). Restored theAqua Traiana.
234	9 February 1621 – 8 July 1623 (2 years, 149 days)	Gregory XV GREGORIVS Quintus Decimus	AlessandroLudovisi	9 January 1554 Bologna, Papal States	67 / 69	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Issued the bullAeterni Patris Filius (1621), which imposed conclaves to be by secret ballot. Established theCongregation for the Propagation of the Faith (1622). Issued the apostolic constitutionOmnipotentis Dei (1623) against magicians and witches.
235	6 August 1623 – 29 July 1644 (20 years, 358 days)	Urban VIII VRBANVS Octavus	Maffeo VincenzoBarberini	5 April 1568 Florence,Grand Duchy of Tuscany	55 / 76	Subject of theGrand Duchy of Tuscany. Issued a bill that made the use of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication (1624).Trial againstGalileo Galilei. Last pope to expand the papal territory by force of arms.
236	15 September 1644 – 7 January 1655 (10 years, 114 days)	Innocent X INNOCENTIVS Decimus	Giovanni BattistaPamphili	6 May 1574 Rome, Papal States	70 / 80	Motto:Alleviatae sunt aquae super terram("The waters are lifted above the earth")^[31] Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Great-great-great-grandson ofAlexander VI. Erected theFontana dei Quattro Fiumi inPiazza Navona. Opposed thePeace of Westphalia. Promulgated the apostolic constitutionCum occasione (1653), condemning the five doctrines ofJansenism.
237	7 April 1655 – 22 May 1667 (12 years, 45 days)	Alexander VII ALEXANDER Septimus	FabioChigi	13 February 1599 Siena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	56 / 68	Subject of theGrand Duchy of Tuscany. Great-nephew ofPaul V. CommissionedSt. Peter's Square. Issued the apostolic constitutionSollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum that set the doctrine of theImmaculate Conception (1661), almost identical to that ofPius IX nearly two centuries later.
238	20 June 1667 – 9 December 1669 (2 years, 172 days)	Clement IX CLEMENS Nonus	GiulioRospigliosi	28 January 1600Pistoia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	67 / 69	Motto:Aliis non sibi clemens("Clement to others, not to himself")^[32] Subject of theGrand Duchy of Tuscany. Mediated in thePeace of Aachen (1668).
239	29 April 1670 – 22 July 1676 (6 years, 84 days)	Clement X CLEMENS Decimus	Emilio BonaventuraAltieri	13 July 1590 Rome, Papal States	79 / 86	Motto:Bonum auget malum minuit("He increases good and diminishes evil")^[33] Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Canonized the first saint from the Americas:St Rose of Lima (1671). Decorated the bridge of Sant' Angelo with the ten statues of angels and commissioned one of the two fountains adorning the piazza ofSt. Peter's Square. Regulated the removal of relics of saints from sacred cemeteries.
240	21 September 1676 – 12 August 1689 (12 years, 325 days)	Bl.Innocent XI INNOCENTIVS Undecimus	BenedettoOdescalchi	16 May 1611Como, Duchy of Milan	65 / 78	Motto:Avarus non implebitur("The covetous man is not satisfied")^[34] Subject of theDuchy of Milan. Condemned thedoctrine of mental reservation (1679) and initiated theHoly League. Extended theHoly Name of Mary as a universal feast (1684). Admired for positive contributions to catechesis.
241	6 October 1689 – 1 February 1691 (1 year, 118 days)	Alexander VIII ALEXANDER Octavus	Pietro VitoOttoboni	22 April 1610 Venice, Republic of Venice	79 / 80	Citizen of theRepublic of Venice. Condemned the so-calledphilosophical sin (1690).
242	12 July 1691 – 27 September 1700 (9 years, 77 days)	Innocent XII INNOCENTIVS Duodecimus	AntonioPignatelli	13 March 1615Spinazzola, Kingdom of Naples	76 / 85	Subject of theKingdom of Naples. Issued the bullRomanum decet Pontificem (1692) to stop nepotism. Erected various charitable and educational institutions.
243	23 November 1700 – 19 March 1721 (20 years, 116 days)	Clement XI CLEMENS Undecimus	Giovanni Francesco Albani	23 July 1649Urbino, Papal States	51 / 71	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. TheChinese Rites controversy. Patronized the first archaeological excavations in theRoman catacombs and made the feast ofImmaculate Conception universal. The Inquisition's ban on the reprinting of Galileo's works was lifted in 1718, when permission was granted to publish an edition of his scientific works (excluding the condemnedDialogue) in Florence.^[16]^[35]

Popes of the 18th century
Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
244	8 May 1721 – 7 March 1724 (2 years, 304 days)	Innocent XIII INNOCENTIVS Tertius Decimus	Michelangelo deiConti	13 May 1655Poli, Papal States	65 / 68	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Prohibited theJesuits from prosecuting their mission inChina, ordering that no new members should be received into the order. Issued the papal bullApostolici Ministerii (1724), reviving ecclesiastical discipline inSpain andits colonies.
245	29 May 1724 – 21 February 1730 (5 years, 268 days)	Servant of GodBenedict XIII BENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus	PierfrancescoOrsini,O.P.	2 February 1649Gravina in Puglia, Kingdom of Naples	75 / 81	Subject of theKingdom of Naples. Member of theDominican Order, with the religious name Vincenzo. Third and last member of theOrsini family to become pope. Originally called Benedict XIV due tothe antipope but reverted to XIII. Repealed the worldwidetobacco smoking ban set byUrban VII andUrban VIII. During his pontificate,James Bradley discovered the stellar aberration, proving the relative motion of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun.
246	12 July 1730 – 6 February 1740 (9 years, 209 days)	Clement XII CLEMENS Duodecimus	LorenzoCorsini	7 April 1652 Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany	78 / 87	Motto:Dabis discernere inter malum et bonum("You shall deign to distinguish between good and evil")^[36] Subject of theGrand Duchy of Tuscany. Commissioned theTrevi Fountain in Rome (1732). Completed the new façade of theArchbasilica of Saint John Lateran (1735). CondemnedFreemasonry inIn eminenti apostolatus (1738).
247	17 August 1740 – 3 May 1758 (17 years, 259 days)	Benedict XIV BENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus	Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini	31 March 1675 Bologna, Papal States	65 / 83	Motto:Curabuntur omnes("All will be healed")^[37] Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Reformed the education ofpriests and thecalendar of feasts. Completed theTrevi Fountain and affirmed the teachings ofThomas Aquinas. Founded academies of art, liturgy, religion, and science. Authorized the publication of an edition of Galileo's complete scientific works, including a mildly censored version of Galileo'sDialogue.
248	6 July 1758 – 2 February 1769 (10 years, 211 days)	Clement XIII CLEMENS Tertius Decimus	Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico	7 March 1693 Venice, Republic of Venice	65 / 75	Citizen of theRepublic of Venice. Provided the famous fig leaves on nude male statues in the Vatican. Defended theJesuits in the bullApostolicum pascendi (1765). During his pontificate (or at the end of his predecessor's pontificate), the general prohibition against works advocating heliocentrism was removed from theIndex of Forbidden Books, although the specific ban on uncensored versions of Galileo'sDialogue and Copernicus'sDe Revolutionibus remained.
249	19 May 1769 – 22 September 1774 (5 years, 126 days)	Clement XIV CLEMENS Quartus Decimus	Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli,O.F.M. Conv.	31 October 1705Sant' Arcangelo di Romagna, Papal States	63 / 68	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Member of theConventual Franciscan Order, with the religious name Lorenzo. Suppressed theJesuits through the briefDominus ac Redemptor (1773).
250	15 February 1775 – 29 August 1799 (24 years, 195 days)	Pius VI PIVS Sextus	Giovanni Angelo Onofrio Melchiorre Natale AntonioBraschi	25 December 1717Cesena, Papal States	57 / 81	Motto:Floret in Domo Domini("It blossoms in the House of God")^[38] Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Condemned theFrench Revolution; expelled from the Papal States by the French from 1798 until his death. Last pope to be a patron ofRenaissance art.
—	29 August 1799 – 14 March 1800 (197 days)	Interregnum				Six-monthperiod without a valid pope elected. This was due to unique logistical problems (the former pope died a prisoner and the conclave was in Venice) and a deadlock among cardinals voting.
251	14 March 1800 – 20 August 1823 (23 years, 159 days)	Servant of GodPius VII PIVS Septimus	Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti,O.S.B.	14 August 1742 Cesena, Papal States	57 / 81	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict, with the religious name Gregorio. Present atNapoleon's coronation asemperor of the French. Expelled from the Papal States by the French between 1809 and 1814. Revived theJesuits in the bullSollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum (1814). Organized thePapal Carabinieri Corps (1816).

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
140	16 May 1003 – 6 November 1003 (174 days)	John XVII IOANNES Septimus Decimus	Giovanni Sicco	c. 955 Rome, Papal States	48 / 48	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
141	25 December 1003 – 18 July 1009 (5 years, 205 days)	John XVIII IOANNES Duodevicesimus	Giovanni Fasano	c. 965Rapagnano, Papal States	43 / 49	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. First pope born after the Papal States became a state of the Holy Roman Empire in 962.
142	31 July 1009 – 12 May 1012 (2 years, 286 days)	Sergius IV SERGIVS Quartus	Pietro Martino Boccadiporco,O.S.B.	c. 970 Rome, Papal States	39 / 42	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict.
—	12 June 1012 – 31 December 1012 (202 days)	Gregory VI GREGORIVS Sextus	Gregorio	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toBenedict VIII. Expelled from Rome and deposed.
143	18 May 1012 – 9 April 1024 (11 years, 327 days)	Benedict VIII BENEDICTVS Octavus	Teofilatto diTuscolo	c. 980 Rome, Papal States	32 / 44	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Brother ofJohn XIX.
144	14 May 1024 – 6 October 1032 (8 years, 145 days)	John XIX IOANNES Undevicesimus	Romano diTuscolo	c. 975 Rome, Papal States	49 / 57	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Brother ofBenedict VIII.
145	21 October 1032 – 31 December 1044 (12 years, 71 days)	Benedict IX BENEDICTVS Nonus	Teofilatto diTuscolo	c. 1012 Rome, Papal States	20 / 32 (†43)	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. First term; youngest person to have been pope.
146	13 January 1045 – 10 March 1045 (56 days)	Sylvester III SILVESTER Tertius	Giovanni deiCrescenzi-Ottaviani	c. 1000 Rome, Papal States	45 / 45 (†63)	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Validity of his election questioned; deposed at theCouncil of Sutri.
147	10 March 1045 – 1 May 1045 (52 days)	Benedict IX BENEDICTVS Nonus	Teofilatto diTuscolo	c. 1012 Rome, Papal States	33 / 33 (†43)	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Second term; deposed at theCouncil of Sutri.
148	1 May 1045 – 20 December 1046 (1 year, 233 days)	Gregory VI GREGORIVS Sextus	Giovanni GrazianoPierleoni	c. 1000 Rome, Papal States	45 / 46 (†48)	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Deposed at theCouncil of Sutri.
149	24 December 1046 – 9 October 1047 (289 days)	Clement II CLEMENS Secundus	Suidger von Morsleben-Hornburg	c. 967Hornburg,Duchy of Saxony	79 / 80	Subject of theDuchy of Saxony. Appointed by KingHenry III at theCouncil of Sutri; crowned Emperor Henry III in 1046.
150	8 November 1047 – 17 July 1048 (252 days)	Benedict IX BENEDICTVS Nonus	Teofilatto diTuscolo	c. 1012 Rome, Papal States	35 / 36 (†43)	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Third term; deposed and excommunicated.
151	17 July 1048 – 9 August 1048 (23 days)	Damasus II DAMASVS Secundus	Poppo von Brixen	c. 1000 Pildenau,Duchy of Bavaria	48 / 48	Subject of theDuchy of Bavaria.
152	12 February 1049 – 19 April 1054 (5 years, 66 days)	StLeo IX LEO Nonus	Bruno von Egisheim-Dagsburg	21 July 1002Eguisheim,Duchy of Swabia	47 / 51	Subject of theDuchy of Swabia. In 1054, the mutualexcommunications of Leo IX's legate, cardinalHumbert of Silva Candida, and PatriarchMichael I Cerularius of Constantinople started theEast–West Schism. The mutualanathematizations were rescinded byPaul VI and PatriarchAthenagoras I in 1964.^[17]
153	13 April 1055 – 28 July 1057 (2 years, 106 days)	Victor II VICTOR Secundus	Gebhard von Dollnstein-Hirschberg	c. 1018 Duchy of Swabia	37 / 39	Subject of the Duchy of Swabia.
154	2 August 1057 – 29 March 1058 (239 days)	Stephen IX STEPHANVS Nonus	Friedrich Gozzelon von Lothringen,O.S.B.	c. 1020Duchy of Lorraine	37 / 38	Subject of theDuchy of Lorraine. LastGerman pope untilBenedict XVI (2005–2013). Sometimes called Stephen X. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict.
—	4 April 1058 – 24 January 1059 (295 days)	Benedict X BENEDICTVS Decimus	Giovanni Mincio diTuscolo	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toNicholas II. Captured and deposed.
155	6 December 1058 – 27 July 1061 (2 years, 233 days)	Nicholas II NICOLAVS Secundus	Gerald de Bourgogne	c. 980Château de Chevron,County of Savoy	78 / 81	Subject of theCounty of Savoy. Was ofFrench ethnicity. Designated theCollege of Cardinals as the sole body of pope electors in the bullIn nomine Domini (1059).
—	30 September 1061 – 1072 (10 years, 185 days)	Honorius II HONORIVS Secundus	Pietro Cadalo	1010Verona,March of Verona	61 / 72	Subject of theMarch of Verona. In opposition toAlexander II.
156	30 September 1061 – 21 April 1073 (11 years, 203 days)	Alexander II ALEXANDER Secundus	Anselmo da Baggio	c. 1018Baggio,Free Commune of Milan	46 / 58	Citizen of theFree Commune of Milan. Authorized theNorman conquest of England.
157	22 April 1073 – 25 May 1085 (12 years, 33 days)	StGregory VII GREGORIVS Septimus	Ildebrando di Soana,O.S.B.	c. 1015Sovana,March of Tuscany	48 / 60	Subject of theMarch of Tuscany. Was ofLombard ethnicity. Initiated theGregorian Reforms. Restricted the use of the papal title to the bishop of Rome.^[6] Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict. Political struggle with EmperorHenry IV, who had to go toCanossa (1077).
—	25 June 1080 – 8 September 1100 (20 years, 75 days)	Clement III CLEMENS Tertius	Guibert of Ravenna	1029Ravenna, Papal States	51 / 71	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toGregory VII,Victor III,Urban II, andPaschal II.
158	24 May 1086 – 16 September 1087 (1 year, 115 days)	Bl.Victor III VICTOR Tertius	Desiderio da Montecassino,O.S.B.	c. 1026Benevento,Duchy of Benevento	60 / 61	Subject of theDuchy of Benevento. Was ofLombard ethnicity. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict. Called the Synod of Benevento (1087), condemning lay investiture.
159	12 March 1088 – 29 July 1099 (11 years, 139 days)	Bl.Urban II VRBANVS Secundus	Odon de Lagery,O.S.B.	c. 1042Châtillon-sur-Marne,County of Champagne,Kingdom of France	46 / 57	Subject of theKingdom of France. Preached and started theFirst Crusade. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict.
160	13 August 1099 – 21 January 1118 (18 years, 161 days)	Paschal II PASCHALIS Secundus	Raniero di Bleda,O.S.B.	c. 1050Bleda,March of Tuscany	49 / 68	Subject of theMarch of Tuscany. Was ofLombard ethnicity. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict. Ordered the building of the basilica ofSanti Quattro Coronati.
—	8 September 1100 – January 1101 (115 days)	Theodoric THEODORICVS	Teodorico	c. 1030 Rome, Papal States	70 / 71	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. Was ofLombard ethnicity. In opposition toPaschal II. Captured and sent to a monastery.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
—	January 1101 – February 1102 (1 year, 31 days)	Adalbert ADALBERTVS	Adalberto,O.S.B.	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. Was ofLombard ethnicity. In opposition toPaschal II. Captured and imprisoned.
—	8 November 1105 – 11 April 1111 (5 years, 154 days)	Sylvester IV SILVESTER Quartus	Maguinulf	1050 Rome, Papal States	49 / 55 (†56)	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. Was of German ethnicity. In opposition toPaschal II. Forced to abdicate.
161	24 January 1118 – 29 January 1119 (1 year, 5 days)	Gelasius II GELASIVS Secundus	GiovanniCaetani,O.S.B.	c. 1061Gaeta,Duchy of Gaeta	57 / 58	Subject of theDuchy of Gaeta. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict.
—	10 March 1118 – 20 April 1121 (3 years, 41 days)	Gregory VIII GREGORIVS Octavus	Maurice Baurdain	c. 1060Limousin,Occitania, Kingdom of France	58 / 61 (†77)	Subject of theKingdom of France. Was of Occitan ethnicity. In opposition toGelasius II andCallixtus II. Captured and imprisoned.
162	2 February 1119 – 13 December 1124 (5 years, 315 days)	Callixtus II CALLISTVS Secundus	Gui de Bourgogne	c. 1060Quingey,County of Burgundy	59 / 64	Subject of theCounty of Burgundy. Was ofFrench ethnicity. Convened theFirst Council of the Lateran (1123).
—	16 December 1124 – 17 December 1124 (1 day)	Celestine II COELESTINVS Secundus	Teobaldo Boccapeci	1050 Rome, Papal States	74 / 74 (†76)	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toHonorius II. Abdicated one day after his election.
163	21 December 1124 – 13 February 1130 (5 years, 54 days)	Honorius II HONORIVS Secundus	Lamberto Scannabecchi da Fiagnano,Can.Reg.	9 February 1060Fiagnano, Papal States	64 / 70	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.Canon Regular of the Lateran. Approved theKnights Templar as a military order (1128).
164	14 February 1130 – 24 September 1143 (13 years, 222 days)	Innocent II INNOCENTIVS Secundus	Gregorio Papareschi,Can.Reg.	c. 1082 Rome, Papal States	48 / 61	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.Canon Regular of the Lateran. Convened theSecond Council of the Lateran (1139).
—	14 February 1130 – 25 January 1138 (7 years, 345 days)	Anacletus II ANACLETVS Secundus	PietroPierleoni,O.S.B.	1090 Rome, Papal States	40 / 48	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toInnocent II.
—	15 March 1138 – 29 May 1138 (75 days)	Victor IV VICTOR Quartus	GregorioConti	Rome, Papal States		Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toInnocent II.
165	26 September 1143 – 8 March 1144 (164 days)	Celestine II COELESTINVS Secundus	Guido Guelfuccio di Castello	c. 1085Città di Castello, Papal States	58 / 59	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
166	12 March 1144 – 15 February 1145 (340 days)	Lucius II LUCIVS Secundus	Gherardo Caccianemici dall'Orso,Can.Reg.	c. 1079Bologna, Papal States	65 / 66	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Canon Regular ofSan Frediano.
167	15 February 1145 – 8 July 1153 (8 years, 143 days)	Bl.Eugene III EVGENIVS Tertius	Bernardo Pignatelli,O.Cist.^[18]	c. 1080Pisa,Republic of Pisa	65 / 73	Citizen of theRepublic of Pisa. Member of theOrder of Cistercians. Announced theSecond Crusade.
168	12 July 1153 – 3 December 1154 (1 year, 144 days)	Anastasius IV ANASTASIVS Quartus	Corrado Demetri della Suburra	c. 1073 Rome, Papal States	80 / 81	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
169	4 December 1154 – 1 September 1159 (4 years, 271 days)	Adrian IV HADRIANVS Quartus	NicholasBreakspear,Can.Reg.	c. 1100Abbots Langley,Hertfordshire,Kingdom of England	54 / 59	Subject of theKingdom of England. The only English (Anglo-Saxon) pope; purportedly granted Ireland to KingHenry II of England.Canon Regular of Saint-Ruf monastery.
170	7 September 1159 – 30 August 1181 (21 years, 357 days)	Alexander III ALEXANDER Tertius	Rolando Bandinelli	c. 1100Siena, March of Tuscany	59 / 81	Subject of theMarch of Tuscany. Convened theThird Council of the Lateran (1179).
—	7 September 1159 – 20 April 1164 (4 years, 226 days)	Victor IV VICTOR Quartus	Ottaviano deiCrescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli	1095 Rome, Papal States	64 / 69	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toAlexander III.
—	28 April 1164 – 22 September 1168 (4 years, 147 days)	Paschal III PASCHALIS Tertius	Guido di Crema	1110 Rome, Papal States	54 / 58	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toAlexander III.
—	30 September 1168 – 29 August 1178 (9 years, 333 days)	Callixtus III CALLIXTVS Tertius	Giovanni di Struma,O.S.B.	1090 Rome, Papal States	78 / 88	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toAlexander III.
—	29 September 1179 – January 1180 (124 days)	Innocent III INNOCENTIVS Tertius	Lando (or Lanzo) di Sezze	1120Sezze, Papal States	59 / 60 (†63)	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toAlexander III. Captured and imprisoned in 1180.
171	1 September 1181 – 25 November 1185 (4 years, 85 days)	Lucius III LUCIVS Tertius	Ubaldo Allucignoli	c. 1100Lucca, March of Tuscany	81 / 85	Subject of theMarch of Tuscany.
172	25 November 1185 – 20 October 1187 (1 year, 329 days)	Urban III VRBANVS Tertius	Uberto Crivelli	c. 1120Cuggiono, small town closer to theFree Commune of Milan	65 / 67	Was ofItalian ethnicity. In the 21st century, Cuggiono is a small Italian town andcomune in theMetropolitan City of Milan.
173	21 October 1187 – 17 December 1187 (57 days)	Gregory VIII GREGORIVS Octavus	Alberto di Morra,O.Praem.	c. 1100Benevento, Papal States	87 / 87	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.Canon Regular Premonstratense. Proposed theThird Crusade.
174	19 December 1187 – 20 March 1191^[19] (3 years, 91 days)	Clement III CLEMENS Tertius	Paolo Scolari	c. 1130 Rome, Papal States	57 / 61	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
175	30 March 1191 – 8 January 1198 (6 years, 284 days)	Celestine III COELESTINVS Tertius	Giacinto BoboneOrsini	c. 1105 Rome, Papal States	86 / 93	Motto:Perfice gressus meos in semitis Tuis("Going in Thy path") Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Confirmed the statutes of theTeutonic Knights as a military order.
176	8 January 1198 – 16 July 1216 (18 years, 190 days)	Innocent III INNOCENTIVS Tertius	Lotario deiConti di Segni	c. 1161Gavignano, Papal States	37 / 55	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Convened theFourth Council of the Lateran (1215). Initiated theFourth Crusade but later distanced himself from it and threatened its participants with excommunication when its leadership abandoned their focus on conquest of theHoly Land and instead decided to sack Christian cities.^[20] Endorsed theFranciscan Order.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
177	18 July 1216 – 18 March 1227 (10 years, 243 days)	Honorius III HONORIVS Tertius	CencioSavelli	c. 1150 Rome, Papal States	66 / 77	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Initiated theFifth Crusade. Approved several religious and tertiary orders.
178	19 March 1227 – 22 August 1241 (14 years, 156 days)	Gregory IX GREGORIVS Nonus	Ugolino deiConti di Segni	c. 1145Anagni, Papal States	82 / 96	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Initiated theinquisition in France and endorsed theNorthern Crusades.
179	25 October 1241 – 10 November 1241 (16 days)	Celestine IV COELESTINVS Quartus	Goffredo Castiglioni	c. 1180 Free Commune of Milan (city-state)	61 / 61	Citizen of theFree Commune of Milan. Died before coronation.
180	25 June 1243 – 7 December 1254 (11 years, 165 days)	Innocent IV INNOCENTIVS Quartus	SinibaldoFieschi	c. 1195Genoa,Republic of Genoa	48 / 60	Citizen of theRepublic of Genoa. Convened theFirst Council of Lyon (1245). Issued the bullAd extirpanda (1252), permitting the torture of heretics.
181	12 December 1254 – 25 May 1261 (6 years, 164 days)	Alexander IV ALEXANDER Quartus	Rinaldo deiConti di Segni	c. 1199Jenne, Papal States	55 / 62	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. First pope born after the Papal States ceased to be a state of the Holy Roman Empire in 1177. Restored the papal inquisition in France.
182	29 August 1261 – 2 October 1264 (3 years, 34 days)	Urban IV VRBANVS Quartus	Jacques Pantaléon	c. 1195Troyes, County of Champagne, Kingdom of France	66 / 69	Subject of theKingdom of France. Instituted thefeast of Corpus Christi (1264).
183	5 February 1265 – 29 November 1268 (3 years, 298 days)	Clement IV CLEMENS Quartus	Gui Foucois	23 November 1190Saint-Gilles,Languedoc, Kingdom of France	62 / 66	Subject of theKingdom of France.
—	29 November 1268 – 1 September 1271 (2 years, 276 days)	Interregnum				Almost three-yearperiod without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
184	1 September 1271 – 10 January 1276 (4 years, 131 days)	Bl.Gregory X GREGORIVS Decimus	TeobaldoVisconti	c. 1210 Free Commune of Piacenza (city-state)	61 / 66	Citizen of theFree Commune of Piacenza. Convened theSecond Council of Lyon and issued the bullUbi periculum (1274), regulatingconclaves until the 20th century.
185	21 January 1276 – 22 June 1276 (153 days)	Bl.Innocent V INNOCENTIVS Quintus	Pierre de Tarentaise,O.P.	c. 1225County of Savoy	52 / 52	Subject of theCounty of Savoy. Was ofFrench ethnicity. Member of theDominican Order. First pope elected in a conclave.
186	11 July 1276 – 18 August 1276 (38 days)	Adrian V HADRIANVS Quintus	OttobuonoFieschi	c. 1216 Genoa, Republic of Genoa	60 / 60	Citizen of theRepublic of Genoa. AnnulledGregory X'sUbi periculum regarding the regulations of conclaves.
187	8 September 1276 – 20 May 1277 (254 days)	John XXI IOANNES Vicesimus Primus	Pedro Julião	c. 1215Lisbon,Kingdom of Portugal	61 / 62	Subject of theKingdom of Portugal. Due to a confusion over thenumbering of popes named John in the 13th century, the ordinal XX was skipped.
188	25 November 1277 – 22 August 1280 (2 years, 271 days)	Nicholas III NICOLAVS Tertius	Giovanni GaetanoOrsini	c. 1216 Rome, Papal States	61 / 64	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
189	22 February 1281 – 28 March 1285 (4 years, 34 days)	Martin IV MARTINVS Quartus	Simon de Brion	c. 1210 Meinpicien,Touraine, Kingdom of France	71 / 75	Subject of theKingdom of France.Sicilian Vespers; ordered theAragonese Crusade.
190	2 April 1285 – 3 April 1287 (2 years, 1 day)	Honorius IV HONORIVS Quartus	GiacomoSavelli	c. 1210 Rome, Papal States	75 / 77	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States.
191	22 February 1288 – 4 April 1292 (4 years, 42 days)	Nicholas IV NICOLAVS Quartus	Girolamo Masci,O.F.M.	30 September 1227 Lisciano, Papal States	60 / 64	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Member of theFranciscan Order.
—	4 April 1292 – 5 July 1294 (2 years, 92 days)	Interregnum				Two-yearperiod without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
192	5 July 1294 – 13 December 1294 (161 days)	StCelestine V COELESTINVS Quintus	Pietro Angelerio da Morrone,O.S.B.	c. 1215Sant'Angelo Limosano,Kingdom of Sicily	79 / 79 (†81)	Subject of theKingdom of Sicily. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict. Founded theCelestines. Reinstituted the rules ofUbi periculum. Last pope toabdicate on his own initiative untilBenedict XVI (2013). Imprisoned and rumoured to have been murdered by order ofBoniface VIII to prevent his potential election and installation asantipope.
193	24 December 1294 – 11 October 1303 (8 years, 291 days)	Boniface VIII BONIFATIVS Octavus	BenedettoCaetani	c. 1230 Anagni, Papal States	64 / 73	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. IncorporatedUbi periculum into thecanon law (1298). Formalized thejubilee (1300). Issued the bullUnam sanctam (1302), proclaimingpapal supremacy and pushing it to its highest historical extreme.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
194	22 October 1303 – 7 July 1304 (259 days)	Bl.Benedict XI BENEDICTVS Undecimus	Niccolò Boccasini,O.P.	c. 1240Treviso, Papal States	63 / 64	Motto:Illustra faciem Tuam super servum Tuum("Let Your face shine upon Your servant") Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Member of theDominican Order. RevertedBoniface VIII'sUnam sanctam.
195	5 June 1305 – 20 April 1314 (8 years, 319 days)	Clement V CLEMENS Quintus	Raymond Bertrand de Got (or Goth)	c. 1264Villandraut,Gascony, Kingdom of France	41 / 50	Subject of theKingdom of France.Moved the papacy to Avignon (1309). Convened theCouncil of Vienne (1311–1312). Initiated the persecution of the Knights Templar with the bullPastoralis Praeeminentiae under pressure from KingPhilip IV of France.
—	20 April 1314 – 7 August 1316 (2 years, 79 days)	Interregnum				Two-yearperiod without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
196	7 August 1316 – 4 December 1334 (18 years, 119 days)	John XXII IOANNES Vicesimus Secundus	Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse)	c. 1244Cahors,Quercy, Kingdom of France	72 / 90	Subject of theKingdom of France.Pope at Avignon. Controversial for his views on thebeatific vision. Opposed the Franciscan understanding of the poverty of Christ and his apostles, famously leadingWilliam of Ockham to write against unlimited papal power.
—	12 May 1328 – 25 July 1330 (2 years, 74 days)	Nicholas V NICOLAVS Quintus	Pietro Rainalducci,O.F.M.	1260Corvaro, Papal States	68 / 70 (†73)	Subject and later the claimant of the throne of thePapal States. In opposition toJohn XXII. Excommunicated and submitted to John XXII.
197	20 December 1334 – 25 April 1342 (7 years, 126 days)	Benedict XII BENEDICTVS Duodecimus	Jacques Fournier,O.Cist.	1285Saverdun,County of Foix, Kingdom of France	49 / 57	Subject of theKingdom of France.Pope at Avignon. Member of theOrder of Cistercians. Known for issuing theApostolic constitutionBenedictus Deus (1336). A careful pope who reformed monastic orders and opposed nepotism.
198	7 May 1342 – 6 December 1352 (10 years, 213 days)	Clement VI CLEMENS Sextus	Pierre Roger,O.S.B.	c. 1291Maumont,Limousin, Kingdom of France	51 / 61	Subject of theKingdom of France.Pope at Avignon. Reigned during theBlack Death and absolved those who died from it of their sins.
199	18 December 1352 – 12 September 1362 (9 years, 268 days)	Innocent VI INNOCENTIVS Sextus	Étienne Aubert	c. 1282Les Monts, Limousin, Kingdom of France	70 / 80	Subject of theKingdom of France.Pope at Avignon. Through his exertions, theTreaty of Brétigny was signed and ratified.
200	28 September 1362 – 19 December 1370 (8 years, 82 days)	Bl.Urban V VRBANVS Quintus	Guillaume de Grimoard,O.S.B.	1310Grizac, Languedoc, Kingdom of France	52 / 60	Subject of theKingdom of France.Pope at Avignon. Member of theOrder of Saint Benedict. Reformed areas of education and sent missionary movements across Europe andAsia. His pontificate witnessed theAlexandrian andSavoyard crusades.
201	30 December 1370 – 27 March 1378 (7 years, 87 days)	Gregory XI GREGORIVS Undecimus	Pierre Roger de Beaufort	c. 1329 Maumont, Limousin, Kingdom of France	41 / 49	Subject of theKingdom of France.Pope at Avignon; returned the seat of the papacy to Rome (1377). LastFrench pope.
202	8 April 1378 – 15 October 1389 (11 years, 190 days)	Urban VI VRBANVS Sextus	Bartolomeo Prignano	c. 1318Naples,Kingdom of Naples	60 / 71	Subject of theKingdom of Naples. Last pope to be elected outside theCollege of Cardinals. Reigned during theWestern Schism.
—	20 September 1378 – 16 September 1394 (15 years, 353 days)	Clement VII CLEMENS Septimus	Robert de Genève	1342Chateau d'Annecy, County of Savoy	36 / 52	Subject of theCounty of Savoy.Western Schism. In opposition toUrban VI andBoniface IX.
203	2 November 1389 – 1 October 1404 (14 years, 334 days)	Boniface IX BONIFATIVS Nonus	PietroCybo Tomacelli	c. 1350 Naples, Kingdom of Naples	39 / 54	Subject of theKingdom of Naples. Reigned during theWestern Schism.
—	28 September 1394 – 23 May 1423 (28 years, 237 days)	Benedict XIII BENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus	Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor	25 November 1328Illueca,Kingdom of Aragon	66 / 94	Subject of theKingdom of Aragon.Western Schism. In opposition toBoniface IX,Innocent VII,Gregory XII,Martin V, and the Pisan AntipopesAlexander V andJohn XXIII. Excommunicated on 27 July 1417.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
252	28 September 1823 – 10 February 1829 (5 years, 135 days)	Leo XII LEO Duodecimus	Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga	22 August 1760Genga, Papal States	63 / 68	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. Placed the Catholic educational system under the control of the Jesuits through the bullQuod divina sapientia (1824). CondemnedFreemasonry and theBible societies.
253	31 March 1829 – 30 November 1830 (1 year, 244 days)	Pius VIII PIVS Octavus	Francesco Saverio Maria Felice Castiglioni	20 November 1761Cingoli, Papal States	67 / 69	Subject and later the sovereign of thePapal States. AcceptedLouis Philippe I asking of the French. Condemned the masonic secret societies and modernist translations of the Bible through the briefLitteris altero (1830).
254	2 February 1831 – 1 June 1846 (15 years, 119 days)	Gregory XVI GREGORIVS Sextus Decimus	Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari,O.S.B. Cam.	18 September 1765Belluno, Republic of Venice	65 / 80	Citizen of theRepublic of Venice. Member of theCamaldolese, with the religious name Mauro. Last non-bishop to be elected to the papacy. Politically opposed to democratic and modernising reforms of the Papal States. Regarding scientific thinking, all traces of opposition to heliocentrism by the church disappeared in 1835, when the uncensored versions ofDialogue andDe Revolutionibus were finally removed from theIndex.
255	16 June 1846 – 7 February 1878 (31 years, 236 days)	Bl.Pius IX PIVS Nonus	Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino IsidoroMastai-Ferretti	13 May 1792Senigallia, Papal States	54 / 85	Subject and later the last sovereign of thePapal States, finally becoming an Italian citizen. Defined the dogmas ofImmaculate Conception andpapal infallibility. Issued the controversialSyllabus of Errors (1864). Opened theFirst Vatican Council (1869). Lost thePapal States to Italy (1870). Longest-reigning pope sincePeter (c. 30–64); longest verified reign. First pope to be photographed. During his pontificate, Augustinian friarGregor Mendel published the "Experiments on Plant Hybridization" andCharles Darwin publishedOn the Origin of Species. At that time, no high-level Church pronouncement attacked head-on the theory of evolution as applied to non-human species.^[39] Even before the development of thescientific method, Catholic theology had allowed for biblical texts to be read as allegorical rather than literal where they appeared to contradict that which could be established by science or reason. Thus, Catholicism has been able to refine its understanding of scripture in light of scientific discoveries.^[40]^[41]
256	20 February 1878 – 20 July 1903 (25 years, 150 days)	Leo XIII LEO Tertius Decimus	Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci	2 March 1810Carpineto Romano,French Empire	67 / 93	French citizen ofItalian ethnicity, later becoming a subject of the Papal States and finally an Italian citizen. Issued the encyclicalRerum novarum (1891), supportingChristian democracy againstCommunism. Fourth-longest reigning pope afterPeter,Pius IX, andJohn Paul II. Promoted therosary and scapular. Approved two new Marian scapulars; first pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary asmediatrix. First pope to befilmed using a motion picture camera (1898) and first pope with voice recorded. Oldest verified pope in office.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
257	4 August 1903 – 20 August 1914 (11 years, 16 days)	StPius X PIVS Decimus	Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto	2 June 1835Riese,Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia,Austrian Empire	68 / 79	Motto:Instaurare omnia in Christo("To restore all things in Christ") Subject of theKingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, later becoming an Italian citizen. Placed a renewed emphasis on theEucharist, expanding its reception. CombattedModernism, issuing anoath against it (1910). Advocated the use ofGregorian Chant andreformed the Roman Breviary (1911).
258	3 September 1914 – 22 January 1922 (7 years, 141 days)	Benedict XV BENEDICTVS Quintus Decimus	Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa	21 November 1854Pegli,Kingdom of Sardinia	59 / 67	Motto:In Te, Domine, speravi; non confundar in aeternum("In Thee, o Lord, have I trusted; let me not be confounded for evermore") Subject of theKingdom of Sardinia, later becoming an Italian citizen. Credited for intervening for peace duringWorld War I. Issued the1917 Code of Canon Law; supported the missionaries inMaximum illud. Remembered byBenedict XVI as a "prophet of peace". Reversed the betting ban on the outcome of papal elections imposed byGregory XIV.
259	6 February 1922 – 10 February 1939 (17 years, 4 days)	Pius XI PIVS Undecimus	Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti	31 May 1857Desio, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, Austrian Empire	64 / 81	Motto:Pax Christi in Regno Christi("The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ") Subject of theKingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, later becoming an Italian citizen. Signed theLateran Treaty with Italy (1929), establishingVatican City as a sovereign state. Inaugurated theVatican Radio (1931). Refounded thePontifical Academy of Sciences (1936). Instituted thefeast of Christ the King. OpposedNazism andCommunism.
260	2 March 1939 – 9 October 1958 (19 years, 221 days)	Ven.Pius XII PIVS Duodecimus	Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli	2 March 1876 Rome,Kingdom of Italy	63 / 82	Motto:Opus justitiae pax("The work of justice [shall be] peace") Italian citizen; first pope born after theunification of Italy. Credited with intervening for peace duringWorld War II; controversial forhis reactions to theHolocaust. Invoked papal infallibility in the apostolic constitutionMunificentissimus Deus, defining the dogma of theAssumption. Published theHumani generis (1950), the first encyclical to specifically refer to evolution and take a neutral position in regard to human evolution: "The Church does not forbid that ... research and discussions, on the part of men experienced in both fields, take place with regard to the doctrine of evolution, in as far as it inquires into the origin of the human body as coming from pre-existent and living matter."^[42]
261	28 October 1958 – 3 June 1963 (4 years, 218 days)	StJohn XXIII IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius	Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli	25 November 1881Sotto il Monte, Kingdom of Italy	76 / 81	Motto:Obedientia et pax("Obedience and peace") Italian citizen. Opened theSecond Vatican Council (1962). Intervened for peace during theCuban Missile Crisis (1962); issued the encyclicalPacem in terris (1963) on peace and nuclear disarmament. Called the "Good Pope John".
262	21 June 1963 – 6 August 1978 (15 years, 46 days)	StPaul VI PAVLVS Sextus	Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini	26 September 1897Concesio, Kingdom of Italy	65 / 80	Motto:Cum Ipso in monte("With Him on the mountain") Italian citizen. Last pope to becrowned. First pope since 1809 to travel outside Italy. Closed theSecond Vatican Council (1965). First pope since the 9th century to visit the East, labelling theEastern Churches as sister churches; visited theEastern Orthodox Patriarchs ofJerusalem andConstantinople in 1964 and 1967. Rescinded the mutualexcommunications which led to theGreat Schism of 1054 in his meeting with PatriarchAthenagoras I in 1964. Issued the encyclicalHumanae vitae (1968), reaffirming the condemnation ofartificial contraception.Revised theRoman Missal (1969).
263	26 August 1978 – 28 September 1978 (33 days)	Bl.John Paul I IOANNES PAVLVS Primus	Albino Luciani	17 October 1912Forno di Canale, Kingdom of Italy	65 / 65	Motto:Humilitas("Humility") Italian citizen; most recentItalian pope. First pope to be born in the twentieth century. Abolished the papal coronation and opted for thepapal inauguration. First pope to use "the First" in hispapal name; first with two names for his two immediate predecessors. Last to use thesedia gestatoria. Died 33 days after his election.
264	16 October 1978 – 2 April 2005 (26 years, 168 days)	StJohn Paul II IOANNES PAVLVS Secundus	Karol Józef Wojtyła	18 May 1920Wadowice,Republic of Poland	58 / 84	Motto:Totus tuus("Totally yours") Polish citizen; first pope fromPoland and first ofSlavic origin. First non-Italian pope sinceAdrian VI (1522–1523). Youngest individual to begin his papacy sincePius IX (1846). Third-longest reigning pope afterPeter andPius IX. Travelled extensively,visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. Issued the encyclicalRedemptor hominis (1979), exploring contemporary human problems. Promoted theculture of life. Established theWorld Youth Day (1984) and thePontifical Academy of Social Sciences (1994).Canonized 483 saints, more than any of his predecessors. Signed theJoint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification (1999) between the Catholic Church and theLutheran World Federation. First to use thepopemobile, replacing thesedia gestatoria.

Pontiff number	Pontificate	Name: English · Latin	Personal name	Date and place of birth	Age at start/ end of papacy	Notes
265	19 April 2005 – 28 February 2013 (7 years, 315 days)	Benedict XVI BENEDICTVS Sextus Decimus	Joseph Alois Ratzinger	16 April 1927Marktl,Bavaria,German Reich	78 / 85 (†95)	Motto:Cooperatores veritatis("Cooperators of the truth") German citizen; first German pope sinceStephen IX (1057–1058). Removed thepapal tiara from the coat of arms. Promoted the use ofLatin and reintroduced several papal garments that had fallen into disuse.Elevated theTridentine Mass to a more prominent position (2007). Authorized the formation of theAnglican ordinariates (2009). First pope torenounce the papacy sinceGregory XII (1415); the first to do so on his own initiative sinceCelestine V (1294),^[43] becomingpope emeritus.^[44]Died on 31 December 2022, aged 95;^[45] longest-lived pope on record.
266	13 March 2013 – 21 April 2025 (12 years, 39 days)	Francis FRANCISCVS	Jorge Mario Bergoglio,S.J.	17 December 1936Buenos Aires,Argentine Republic	76 / 88	Motto:Miserando atque eligendo("By having mercy and by choosing")^[46] Argentine citizen. First pope born outsideEurope sinceGregory III (731–741) and the first from theAmericas; first pope fromArgentina, first fromSouth America and the first from theSouthern Hemisphere. First pope from areligious institute sinceGregory XVI (1831–1846); firstJesuit pope. First pope to use a new and non-composedpapal name sinceLando (913–914). Issued the encyclicalLaudato si' (2015), condemningglobal warming and irresponsible economic development. Facilitated theCuban thaw (2015–2017). Eliminated the European majority ofcardinals. First pope to visit and celebrateMass on theArabian Peninsula.^[47] Convoked theSynod on Synodality (2022). Second-oldest verified pope in office afterLeo XIII.
267	8 May 2025 – present (168 days)	Leo XIV LEO Quartus Decimus	Robert Francis Prevost,O.S.A.	14 September 1955Chicago,Illinois,United States of America	69	Motto:In illo Uno unum("In the One, [we are] one") Dual American and Peruvian citizen; first pope born in theUnited States, first fromNorth America, and the second from the Americas.^[48]^[49] Second pope from anEnglish-speaking country; the first sinceAdrian IV (1154–1159).^[50] First pope to be born afterWorld War II and during theCold War.^[51] FirstAugustinian pope.

Type	#	Family	#	Order	#	Popes
Canons Regular	6	Augustinian Canons (C.R.S.A.)	5	Canons of the Lateran (C.R.L.)	2	Honorius II,Innocent II
				Canons of San Frediano	1	Lucius II
				Canons of Saint-Ruf	1	Adrian IV
				Canons of San Giorgio in Alga	1	Eugene IV
		Premonstratensians (O.Praem.)			1	Gregory VIII
Monastic Orders	25	Benedictine Orders	23	Benedictines (O.S.B.)	22	Gregory I,Boniface IV,Adeodatus II,Leo IV,John IX,Leo VII,John XVI,Sylvester II,Sergius IV,Stephen IX,Gregory VII,Victor III,Urban II,Paschal II,Adalbert,Gelasius II,Anacletus II,Callixtus III,Celestine V,Clement VI,Urban V,Pius VII
		Benedictine Orders	23	Benedictine Camaldolese (O.S.B.Cam.)	1	Gregory XVI
		Cistercians (O.Cist.)			2	Eugene III,Benedict XII
Mendicant Orders	24	Augustinians (O.S.A.)			1	Leo XIV
		Dominican Orders	5	Dominicans (O.P.)	4	Innocent V,Benedict XI,Pius V,Benedict XIII
		Dominican Orders	5	Dominican Tertiary (T.O.P.)	1	Benedict XV
		Franciscan Orders	18	Friars Minor (O.F.M.)	5	Nicholas IV,Nicholas V,Alexander V,Sixtus IV,Julius II
				Conventual Franciscans (O.F.M.Conv.)	2	Sixtus V,Clement XIV
				Secular Franciscans (O.F.S.)	11	Gregory IX,Gregory X,Martin V,Innocent XII,Clement XII,Pius IX,Leo XIII,Pius X,Pius XI,Pius XII,John XXIII
Clerics Regular	2	Jesuits (S.J.)			1	Francis
Clerics Regular	2	Theatines (C.R.)			1	Paul IV
Total	57	N/A			57	N/A

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Chronological list of popes

1st millennium

1st century

2nd century

3rd century

4th century

5th century

6th century

7th century

8th century

9th century

10th century

2nd millennium

11th century

12th century

13th century

14th century

15th century

16th century

17th century

18th century

19th century

20th century

3rd millennium

21st century

Religious orders

Numbering of popes

See also

Lists

Notes

References

Further reading

External links