 |
|---|
| Constitution |
 Norway portal |
This article listspolitical parties in Norway.
Norway has amulti-party system with numerouspolitical parties, in which no party can easily gain a majority of the 169 legislative seats. Parties may cooperate to formcoalition governments.
The oldest political party in Norway is theLiberal Party, which was formed in 1884. Shortly afterwards, theConservative Party was formed in opposition. The mainpolitical cleavage at the time was the issue ofparliamentarism, with Liberals in favor and Conservatives in opposition. Until1903, Norway was, for all intents and purposes, a two-party system;[1] the smallerModerate Liberal Party joined the Conservatives in ade facto permanent electoral coalition from the1891 election.
During the first years of the 20th century, major electoral shifts took place. In 1903, the leftistLabour Party gained its first five MPs, after having captured 10% of the national vote. For the1921 elections, the formertwo-round, single-member district system was replaced withproportional representation,[2] allowing for further gains for medium-sized parties such as Labour and theFarmers' Party, which had been formed the previous year. In 1927, Labour surged to first place nationally, a position it has held in every single election since then. In 1928, they formed their first government, ending the decades-long power-alteration between Liberals and Conservatives. This government, headed byChristopher Hornsrud, was short-lived, however; it lasted a mere 18 days.[3] The Farmers' Party followed suit, sitting in government briefly from 1931 to 1933, underPeder Kolstad andJens Hundseid. Despite the surge of previously minor parties, the Liberals and Conservatives retained significance, withJohan Ludwig Mowinckel (1933–1935) serving as the last Liberal prime minister to date. With the onset ofWorld War II,Johan Nygaardsvold from the Labour Party served asde jure prime minister for a decade, from 1935 to 1945.
During theNazi occupation of Norway, political opposition to thecollaborationist regime ofVidkun Quisling and theNasjonal Samling party was silenced and prosecuted; Nygaardsvold's cabinet went into exile inLondon in 1940, and did not return before 1945.[4][5]
From the first post-war elections in1945 until the1961 elections, the Labour Party held an absolute majority in parliament, with itsEinar Gerhardsen serving as prime minister for, in total, 17 years and 17 days. For most of this period, Norway was generally regarded as adominant-party system, with the divided opposition, consisting of Liberals, Conservatives,Centrists,Christian Democrats and occasionallyCommunists, unable to match Labour. It was first in 1963, in the aftermath of theKings Bay Affair, that the ConservativeJohn Lyng was able to take power with support from the other non-socialist groups. With the gradual decline of the Labour Party, opposition figures such asPer Borten (Centrist),Lars Korvald (Christian Democrat) andKåre Willoch served as prime ministers at various points during the latter half of the 20th century. 1973 saw the advent of anti-establishment parties such asAnders Lange's Party and theSocialist Electoral League, which would later become the right-wingProgress Party andSocialist Left, respectively. Both of these groups remained relatively isolated on the political scene for the subsequent decades; the Socialist Left did not enter government before 2005, while the Progress Party was not included in a centre-right pact before in 2013.
Theparliamentary election in 2001 saw the collapse of the Labour Party's traditionally constantly large lead over non-socialist parties; they took a mere 24% of votes – a loss of 11 points – against 21% for the Conservatives ofJan Petersen. The short-livedCabinet Stoltenberg I, a Labour government in office since 2000, stepped down in favor of a centre-right coalition of Liberals, Conservatives and Christian Democrats, led by the latter'sKjell Magne Bondevik. Following the 2005 election, the centre-leftRed-Green Coalition won a majority in parliament, withJens Stoltenberg returning as prime minister, and serving until 2013.
The 2013 election provided the bloc of the ConservativeErna Solberg a clear parliamentary majority, with 96 of the 169 seats in parliament. She formed a government with the Progress Party ofSiv Jensen, breaking the latter's decades-long isolation from the other centre-right parties.[6] Four years later, the centre-right parties managed to retain the majority in parliament with 88 of the 169 seats. Solberg continued to serve as prime minister, with different combinations of government coalition partners, all four parties at some time were part of Solberg Cabinet. In the most recent election of 2021, the result swung in strong favour of the centre-left parties who gathered 100 of 169 seats in the Storting. This led to a new government withJonas Gahr Støre as prime minister, consisting of the Labour party and the Centre party.
| Party | Founded | Associated ideology | Current leader | International affiliation | 2021 election vote share | 2021MPs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norwegian Sámi Association Norske Samers Riksforbund | 1968 | Sámi interests | Silje Karine Muotka | None | 31.91% | 17 / 39 | |
| Nordkalottfolket | 2005 | Populism | Toril Bakken Kåven | None | 18.28% | 9 / 39 | |
| Labour Party Arbeiderpartiet | 1887 | Social democracy | Ronny Wilhelmsen | PA | 15.04% | 7 / 39 | |
| Centre Party Senterpartiet | 1920 | Nordic agrarianism | Svein O. Leiros | None | 9.59% | 3 / 39 | |
| Sámi People's Party Samefolkets Parti | 1999 | Sámi interests | Birger Randulf Nymo | None | 5.58% | 1 / 39 | |
| Progress Party Fremskrittspartiet | 1973 | Right-wing populism | Arthur Tørfoss | None | 4.77% | 1 / 39 | |
| Ávjovári Moving Sámi List Ávjovári Flyttsameliste | 1999 | Moving Sámi interests | Berit Marie Eira | None | 2.38% | 1 / 39 | |
| Party | Founded | Associated ideology | Current leader | International affiliation | 2021 election vote share | 2023 election vote share | 2023municipal council members | 2023county council members | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Industry and Business Party Industri og Næringspartiet | 2020 | Right-wing politics | Ann Jorun Hillersøy | None | 0.34% | 3.06% | 241 / 7,791 | 30 / 664 | |
| Pensioners' Party Pensjonistpartiet | 1985 | Pensioners' interests | Kurt Johnny Hæggernæs | None | 0.64% | 1.50% | 84 / 7,791 | 9 / 664 | |
| Norway Democrats Norgesdemokratene | 2002 | National conservatism | Geir Ugland Jacobsen | None | 1.14% | 0.50% | 10 / 7,791 | 0 / 664 | |
| Conservative Konservativt | 2011 | Christian right | Erik Selle | None | 0.35% | 0.47% | 14 / 7,791 | 1 / 664 | |
| The Center Partiet Sentrum | 2020 | Centrism | Geir Lippestad | None | 0.26% | 0.42% | 7 / 7,791 | 0 / 664 | |
| Coastal Party Kystpartiet | 1999 | Northernregionalism | Kathy Fjellstad | None | 0.01% | 0.02% | 1 / 7,791 | 0 / 664 | |
| Party | Founded | Associated ideology | Current leader | International affiliation | 2021 election vote share | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Welfare and Innovation Party Velferd og Innovasjonspartiet | 2016 | Health politics | Lise Askvik | None | 0.22% | |
| Capitalist Party Liberalistene | 2014 | Classical liberalism | Arnt Rune Flekstad | IALP | 0.15% | |
| People's Party FNB Folkets Parti FNB | 2014 | Single-issue politics | Cecilie Lyngby | None | 0.12% | |
| Alliance - Alternative for Norway Alliansen - Alternativ for Norge | 2016 | Alt-right | Hans Jørgen Lysglimt Johansen | None | 0.08% | |
| Pirate Party Piratpartiet | 2012 | Pirate politics | Svein Mork Dahl | PPI,PPEU | 0.08% | |
| Communist Party of Norway Norges Kommunistiske Parti | 1923 | Marxism–Leninism | Runa Evensen | IMCWP | 0.01% | |
| Feminist Initiative Feministisk Initiativ | 2015 | Radical feminism | Cathrine Linn Kristiansen, Sunniva Schultze-Florey | None | 0.01% | |
| Generation Party Generasjonspartiet | 2020 | Holism | Gyda Oddekalv | None | 0.01% | |
| Save Nature Redd Naturen | 2020 | Anti-wind power | Petter Johan Holt | None | 0.00% | |
| Árja Innsatsvilje | 2008 | Traditionalism | Láilá Susanne Vars | None | 5.33%[7] | |
| People's Federation of the Saami Samenes Folkeforbund | 1993 | Sámi interests | Liv Olaug Slettli | None | 1.45%[8] | |
| Value Party Verdipartiet | 2016 | Christian conservatism | Kjartan Mogen | None | 0[9] | |
| Norway Party Norgespartiet | 2007 | Direct democracy | - | None | 0[10] | |
| Society Party Samfunnspartiet | 1985 | Anarchism | Bjørn Dahl | None | 0[11] | |
| Northern Assembly Nordting | 2014 | Northernregionalism | Amund Sjølie Sveen | None | 0[12] | |
| Serve the People - Communist League Tjen Folket - Kommunistisk Forbund | 1998 | Marxism-Leninism-Maoism | - | None | 0[13] | |
| DNI Party Partiet DNI | 2024 | Populism | Owe Ingemann Waltherzøe | None | ||
| Loneliness Party Ensomhetspartiet | 2024 | Loneliness prevention | Else Kåss Furuseth | None | ||
| Peace and Justice Fred og Rettferdighet | 2024 | Russophilia | Marielle Leraand | None | ||
.svg){kind=logo}
