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List of pirates

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For software and media pirates, seeList of warez groups.
See also:list of fictional pirates andList of pirate films

This is a list of known pirates,buccaneers,corsairs,privateers,river pirates, and others involved inpiracy and piracy-related activities. This list includes both captains and prominent crew members. For a list of female pirates, seewomen in piracy. For pirates of fiction or myth, seelist of fictional pirates.

Ancient World: 315 BC–197 AD

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Denarius coin ofSextus Pompeius, Roman pirate and general from theRoman Republic era of 44–43 BC. AR Denarius (3.85 g, 3h). Massilia (Gaul) mint. Q. Nasidius, moneyer. Bare head of Pompey the Great right; trident before, dolphin below / Ship sailing right; star above.
Gan Ning was a notorious pirate and marauder in the late 190s CE, who became a Chinese military general serving under the warlordSun Quan during the lateEastern Han dynasty.
Name[1]LifeYears activeCountry of originComments
Anicetusd. 69Pontus (Hellenic)Was the leader of an unsuccessful anti-Roman uprising in Pontus in 69
Gannascusd. 47AD 41–47Cananefates (Netherlands)Deserted Cananefate soldier. Leading pirate raids of theChauci into province Gallia Belgica (Belgium) between AD 41–47, when he was captured by the Romans.
Demetrius of Pharosd. 214 BCPharos (Hellenic)His actions precipitated theSecond Illyrian War.
Dionysius the Phocaeanfl. 494 BC494 BCGreecePhocaean admiral active againstCarthaginian andTyrsenian merchants in the years following theGreco–Persian Wars.
Gan Ningfl. 180s–210s190–197ChinaHis party carried bells as their trademark to frighten the commoners.
Teuta of Illyriafl. 231–227 BCIllyriaQueen regent, fostered the pirates among her people, and had a Roman diplomat killed by them.
Genthus of Illyriafl. 181–168 BCIllyriaWas accused by the Romans of organizing and aiding pirate raids in Italy.
Glauketasfl. 315–300 BC315–300 BCGreeceGreek inscriptions of the Athenian navy raiding his base on Kynthnos Island and capturing him and his men read "making the sea safe for those that sailed thereon."
Sextus Pompeius67–35 BCRomeHe was the last focus of opposition to theSecond Triumvirate.

Middle Ages: 400–1585

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Aruj, or Oruç, Reis was a Barbary privateer and later Admiral in Ottoman service who became known as Barbarossa – or Redbeard – amongst Christians.
Awilda was a 5th-century pirate who, along with friends, dressed up as sailors and commandeered a ship.
Klaus Störtebeker was a 14th–15th century German pirate and one of the leaders of the Likedeelers, a combination of formerVictual Brothers (Vitalienbrüder) who roamedNorthern European seas.
Timofeyevich, a 16th-centuryCossack river pirate who started theRussianconquest of Siberia in the reign of TsarIvan the Terrible
NameLifeYears ActiveCountry of originComments
James Alday1516–15761540sEnglandAn English privateer. Raided Spanish ports with James Logan and William Cooke.
Kanakes1190sCyprusA Cypriot Greek pirate. Raided Cypriot coasts and abducted the royal family.
John Hawley1340–14081380sEnglandAn English mayor, privateer and alleged pirate. Raided in the English Channel.
William Aleynfl. 14481432–1448EnglandEnglish pirate active in theThames andEnglish Channel. Associate ofWilliam Kyd.
Jean Ango1480–1551FranceA French ship-owner who provided ships toFrancis I for exploration of the globe.
Aruj1474–15181503–1518Ottoman EmpireAnOttoman privateer and Bey (Governor) of Algiers and Beylerbey (Chief Governor) of the West Mediterranean.
Awilda5th centuryScandinaviaShe and some of her female friends dressed like sailors and commandeered a ship.
Hayreddin Barbarossac. 1478–15461504–1545Ottoman EmpireAn Ottoman privateer and later Admiral who dominated the Mediterranean for decades.
Barnim VI, Duke of Pomeraniac. 1365–14051394–1405Germany (Pomerania)A Pomeranian duke supporting privateers in the Baltic Sea region and later going on pirate raids himself.
Baldassare Cossa1370–1415ProcidaAntipope during theWestern Schism, John XXIII was accused of—among other crimes—piracy,incest andsodomy.
Jeanne de Clisson1300–13591343–1356BrittanyA French-Breton pirate. She raided French towns and ships in the English Channel.
John Crabbed. 13521305–1332FlandersFlemish pirate known for his successful use of a ship-mounted catapult. Once won the favor of Robert the Bruce and acted as a naval officer for England during the Hundred Years' War (after being captured by King Edward III.)
Pier Gerlofs Doniac. 1480–1520Netherlands (Frisia)From Arum, Friesland. Known as Grutte Pier 'big Pier' because of his length. Another nickname was 'Cross of the Dutchmen'. A Frisianwarrior,pirate,freedom fighter,folk hero andrebel. Mainly active with his band De Arumer Zwarte Hoop 'Arum's Black Heap' at the Zuyderzee, the Netherlands.
Erlend Eindridesson[2]1445–?NorwayAnobleman fromNorway, plunderedGerman ships in theSognefjord.
Eric of Pomeraniac. 1381-82–1459Germany (Pomerania)The first king of the NordicKalmar Union, he spent his last years living on the island ofGotland and"sent forth piratical expeditions against friend and foe alike".[3]
Alv Erlingssond. 1290NorwayHe was a favorite of the Queen, yet committed countless acts of piracy throughout his life
Eustace the Monkc. 1170–1217FranceHe was a mercenary for both England and France.
Jean Fleuryd. 1527c. 1521–1527FranceFrench privateer and naval officer underJean Ango. Seized three Spanish ships carryingAztec treasure from Mexico to Spain in 1523.
Guynemer of Boulognefl. 10971080s–1090sCounty of BoulogneBoulognese pirate who played a role in theFirst Crusade.
Magnus Heinason1545–1589Faroe IslandsFaroese naval hero and privateer. Was executed for piracy, though charges were later dropped.
Klein Henszleind. 15731560–1573GermanyA 16th-century pirate who raided shipping in the North Sea until his defeat and capture by a fleet from Hamburg
Wijerd Jelckamac. 1490–1523Germany (Frisia)The nephew of Pier Gerlofs Donia (also known as Grutte Pier), fought along his side against theSaxon andHollandic invaders.
William Kydfl. 1430–14531430s–1450sEnglandEnglish pirate active inSouth West England during the early-to-mid-15th century.
Gödeke Michelsd. 14021392–1402GermanyA German pirate and one of the leaders of the Likedeelers, a combination of formerVictual Brothers (Vitalienbrüder)
Martin Pechlin[2]1480–1526GermanyDied inMandal,Norway. One of the most fearedpirates in his time
Didrik Piningc. 1430–1491GermanyA pirate and privateer operating in theNorth Sea. Often partnered withHans Pothorst.
Hans Pothorstc. 1440–1490GermanyA pirate and privateer operating in theNorth Sea. Often partnered withDidrik Pining.
Salih Reisc. 1488–1568Ottoman EmpireA Turkish privateer and Ottoman admiral.
Turgut Reis1485–1565Ottoman EmpireA Turkish privateer and Ottoman admiral as well as Bey of Algiers; Beylerbey of the Mediterranean; and first Bey later Pasha of Tripoli.
Klaus Störtebeker1360–14011392–1401GermanyA German pirate and one of the leaders of the Likedeelers, a combination of formerVictual Brothers (Vitalienbrüder)
Yermak Timofeyevichc. 1532-42–1585?–1582RussiaA leader of a gang of river pirates, along theDon River region, of Russia and later, led an expedition, in the Russian conquest of Siberia, in the reign of Tsar Ivan the Terrible.
Kristoffer Trondsonc. 1500–1565c. 1535–1542NorwayA Norwegian nobleman-turned pirate and privateer. Operated in theNorth Sea and theBaltic Sea. Gave up piracy in 1542 and eventually, became admiral of the Danish-Norwegian Fleet.
Bartholomeus Voet[2]b. early 1400GermanySecond leader ofVictual Brothers, plundered and burned down theNorwegian cityBergen in 1429
Hennig Wichmann1370–14021392–1402GermanyA German pirate and one of the leaders of the Likedeelers, a combination of formerVictual Brothers (Vitalienbrüder)
Cord Widderichd. 14471404–1447GermanyA pirate active during political conflicts betweenDithmarschen andNorth Frisia in the early 15th century.
Magister Wigbold1365–14021392–1402GermanyA German pirate and one of the leaders of the Likedeelers, a combination of formerVictual Brothers (Vitalienbrüder)
Wimundb. 1147EnglandHe was a bishop who became a seafaring warlord adventurer.

Rise of the English Sea Dogs and Dutch Corsairs: 1560–1650

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The first man to intentionally circumnavigate the globe,Thomas Cavendish also raided numerous Spanish towns and ships in the New World.
Known as "el Draque" (the Dragon) in Spain,Sir Francis Drake raided Spanish merchant shipping in the Atlantic.
After serving as a Spanish galley slave for four years,Piet Hein later captured 11,509,524 guilders of cargo from the Spanish treasure fleet.
Gráinne O'Malley (left of frame) was an important figure in Irish legend who is still recognised in popular culture today.
SirJohn Hawkins. An Elizabethan corsair active off the coasts ofWest Africa andVenezuela
SirFrancis Verney was one of the most fearedBarbary corsairs during the early 17th century.
Sir James Lancaster VI commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601
Sir Walter Raleigh who commanded two expedition to search the golden city ofEl Dorado in Spanish colony of Guayana (actual Venezuela)
SirGeorge Somers. In 1595 co-led with Amyas Preston the raid onCaracas andCoro
NameLifeYears ActiveCountry of originComments
Uluj Ali1519–15871536–1550TurkeyAn Italian-bornMuslim corsair, who later became an Ottoman admiral and Chief Admiral (Kaptan-ı Derya) of the Ottoman Fleet in the 16th century.
Nicholas Alvelearly 17th century1603EnglandActive in theIonian Sea.[citation needed]
Pedro Menéndez de Avilés1519–15741565SpanishA Spanish Admiral and pirate hunter, de Aviles is remembered for his destruction of the French settlement ofFort Caroline in 1565.
Samuel Axeearly 17th century1629–1645EnglandAn English privateer in Dutch service, Axe served with English forces in theDutch Revolt against Habsburg rule.
Sir Andrew Barton1466–1511to 1511ScotlandServed under a Scottishletter of marque, but was described a pirate by English and Portuguese.
Abraham Blauveltd. 16631640–1663NetherlandsOne of the last Dutch corsairs of the mid-17th century, Blauvelt mapped much ofSouth America.
Jambe de Boisd. 15631550s–1560sFranceKnown for his sacking ofSantiago de Cuba in 1554
Jean Bontempsearly 16th century1559–1572FranceActive in theCaribbean Sea. He attacked Santa Marta, Cartagena de Indias, Rio de Hacha and Margarita island.
Jan de Bouffearly 17th century1602Netherlandsde Bouff served as aDunkirker in Habsburg service during theDutch Revolt.
Rock Brasilianoc. 1630–1671?c. 1654–1671Netherlands,BrazilianPirate born in the town of Groningen, long residence of Dutch colony of Brasil. Active in the Caribbean and captain of pirates of Jamaica. Known for his fury and great cruelty and sadism, especially against Spaniards.[4]
Hendrik Brouwer1581–16431600,
1643		NetherlandsBrouwer was a privateer who fought the Habsburgs during the Dutch revolt, holding the city ofCastro, Chile hostage for a period of two months.[5]
Nathaniel Butlerb. 15781639EnglandDespite a comparatively unsuccessful career as a privateer, Butler was later colonial governor ofBermuda.
John Callisc. 1558–1587?c. 1574–1587EnglandWelsh pirate active along the southern coast of Wales.
Thomas Cavendish1560–15921587–1592EnglandThe first man to intentionally circumnavigate the globe, Cavendish also raided numerous Spanish towns and ships in the New World.[6][7][8][9][10]
Jacob Collaart17th century1625–1635NetherlandsAFlemish admiral who served as privateer and one of the Dunkirkers in Spanish Habsburg service during the Dutch Revolt, responsible for the destruction of at least 150 fishing boats.
Claes Compaan1587–16601621–1627NetherlandsFormer Dutch corsair and privateer, he later became a pirate and was successful in capturing hundreds of ships inEurope, theBarbary coast andWest Africa.
Baltazar de Cordesd. 1601?1598–1601NetherlandsA Dutch corsair who fought against the Spanish during the early 17th century.
Simon Danzikerd. 16111600s–1610sNetherlandsDutch corsair and privateer who later became aBarbary corsair based inAlgiers andTunis during the early 17th century. He and John Ward dominated the Western Mediterranean during the early 17th century.
Sir Francis Drake1540–15961563–1596EnglandKnown as "el Draque" (the Dragon), he was an Elizabethan corsair who raided Spanish merchant shipping on behalf ofQueen Elizabeth I.[11][12]
Peter Easton1570–16191602EnglandA privateer, then pirate, who was able to retire inVillefranche,Savoy with an estimated worth of two million pounds.
Juan Garciafl. 16221620sSpainOne of the Spanish privateers who accompaniedJan Jacobsen on his last voyage in 1622.
Sir Michael Gearec. 1565–?c. 1584–1603EnglandElizabethan Sea Dog active in the West Indies up until the turn of the 17th century.
Piers Griffith15681628WalesFrom 1600 to 1603, Griffith was active against Spanish shipping.[13]
Sir John Hawkins1532–15951554, 1564, 1567EnglandAn Elizabethan corsair active off the coasts ofWest Africa andVenezuela. His work in ship design was important during the threat of invasion from theSpanish Armada.[14][15]
Piet Pieterszoon Hein1577–16291628NetherlandsAfter serving as a Spanish galley slave for four years, Hein later captured 11,509,524 guilders of cargo from the Spanish treasure fleet.
Moses Cohen Henriquesearly 17th century1620s and 1630sNetherlandsDutch pirate of Portuguese Sephardic Jewish origin active in the Caribbean against Spain and Brazil against Portugal
Richard Ingle1609–16531644–1653EnglandMaryland privateer and pirate. In an extension of theEnglish Civil War in the Catholic colony of Maryland he and the Puritan settlers raided ships belonging to Catholics and the colonial governorLord Baltimore. Ingle seized control of the Maryland capital briefly and was later hanged for piracy.
Pieter Adriaanszoon Itafl. 1628–16301620sNetherlandsDutch corsair and privateer. Commanded one of the earliest and largest expeditions against the Portugal and Spain in the Caribbean during 1628.
Jan Jacobsend. 16221610s–1620sNetherlandsFlemish-born privateer in English service during theEighty Years' War.
Willem Jacobszoonfl. 1624–16251620sNetherlandsDutch corsair who accompaniedPieter Schouten on one of the first major expeditions to the West Indies.[citation needed]
Willem Jansenfl. 16001600sNetherlandsDutch corsair based inDuinkerken and one time officer underJacques Colaert.[citation needed]
Jan Janszoon1570–after 1641Republic of SaléKnown also as Murad Reis, originally Dutch, he was a fighter captured by the Algerian corsairs who converted to Islam in 1618. He began serving as a Navy fighter in Algiers, then after gaining experience there, he was invited to join the 17th-century "Salé Rovers".
Zheng Jing1643–16821662–1682ChinaChinese pirate and warlord. The eldest son ofKoxinga and grandson ofZheng Zhilong, he succeeded his father as ruler ofTainan and briefly occupiedFujian.
Cornelius Jol1597–16411630s–1640sNetherlandsDutch corsair successful against the Spanish in the West Indies. One of the first to use a woodenpeg leg.
Shirahama Kenki16th-early 17th centuriesJapanJapanese pirate and one of the first Japanese with whom the southern Vietnamese kingdom of theNguyễn Lords made contact.
Lawrence Keymisfl. –16181595/1596–1617EnglandLawrence Keymis was a seaman and companion ofSir Walter Raleigh in his expeditions to Spanish colony ofGuayana in 1595 and 1617 to search for EnglandEl Dorado (actual Venezuela).[16] In another expedition in 1596 led a force inland Guayana along the banks of theEssequibo River, reaching what he wrongly believed to beLake Parime.[17]
Sir James Lancaster1554–16181591–1603EnglandElizabethan Sea Dog active in India during the late 16th century. Later a chief director for theEast India Company.
Peter Loved. 1610EnglandAn English pirate who set up base in theOuter Hebrides and was active around Ireland and Scotland. He was betrayed by the outlaw Neil MacLeod and executed in 1610.
Hendrick Jacobszoon Lucifer1583–16271627NetherlandsHendrick captured 1.2 million guilders from a Honduran treasure fleet, but was mortally wounded in the process.
Sir Henry Mainwaring1587–16531610–1616EnglandEnglish privateer and pirate hunter. His pirate fleet nearly broke the truce between England and Spain following theAnglo-Spanish War.
Arnaut Mamimid-16th century1572–1576AlbaniaActive in the Narrow Sea (the modern dayAdriatic Sea). He was the squadron admiral and the supreme commander of all Islamic vessels in North Africa and Pasha Algiers, known as the most formidable corsair of that period.
Jan Mendoza[2]b. Late 1500Early 1600Spain orNetherlandsPlundered the water betweenIceland andNorway, and the coast ofFinnmark andNordland. Hunted down and captured byAdmiral Jørgen Daa andexplorer Jens Munk by order ofKing Christian IV ofDenmark-Norway. Mendoza wasexecuted by hanging inCopenhagen. The king recovered 8treasure chests ofgoldcoins, eachchest requerd 10 man to lift.
Olivier van Noort1558–16271598–1601NetherlandsDespite his venture being of limited success, it was the inspiration that led to the formation of theDutch East India Company.
Roger North1585–16521617EnglandRoger North was a seaman and companion ofSir Walter Raleigh in his expeditions to Spanish colony ofGuayana in 1617 to search for EnglandEl Dorado (actual Venezuela).[16] North in 1619 petitioned for letters patent authorising him to establish the king's right to the coast and country adjoining the River Amazon; to found a plantation or settlement there, and to open a direct trade with the natives.
John Nutt1620–1623EnglandAn English pirate active inNewfoundland.
Grace O'Malley1530–16031560s–1600sIrelandAn important figure in Irish legend who is still present in popular culture today.[18][19]
John Oxenham1536–15801570s–1600sEnglandElizabethan Sea Dog and associate of SirFrances Drake during the early years of the Anglo-Spanish War. First English privateer to enter the Pacific though Panama.[citation needed]
William Parkerd. 16171590s–1600sEnglandElizabethan Sea Dog active in the West Indies. Successfully capturedPorto Bello and Margarita island in 1602 without firing a shot.[citation needed] He also captured and held for ransom the Cubagua pearl-boats and captured aPortuguese slave ship.
Ali Pegelinc. 1605–1645NetherlandsAlso known as Pisselingh, from Vlissingen (hence his name Pisselingh). Was for 40 years one of the most prominent pirates of Algiers. Settled in 1645 in Algiers with great fortune.[4]
Pedro de la Plesafl. 16221620sSpainHe andJuan Garcia who joinedJan Jacobsen on his final voyage in 1622.
Sir Amyas Prestonc. ?–1609c. 1595–1597EnglandElizabethan Sea Dog as part of expedition ofWalter Raleigh in 1595 sackedCaracas andCoro withGeorge Somers.
Sir Walter Raleighfl. 1554–16181595–1617EnglandElizabethan corsair who commanded two expeditions to search for England the fabled "El Dorado" in the Spanish colony of Guayana (modern-day Venezuela).
Assan Reisfl. 16261620sNetherlandsFormer Dutch privateer turnedBarbary corsair. He attacked the Dutch shipSt. Jan Babtista under Jacob Jacobsen of Ilpendam on March 7, 1626.[citation needed]
Murat Reis the Elder1506–16081534–1608RhodesAn Ottoman Albanian privateer and Ottoman admiral who took part in all of the early naval campaigns ofTurgut Reis.
James Riskinner17th century1630sEnglandA lieutenant on the shipWarwick, then part of a fleet under the command of Nathaniel Butler, he later took part in a privateering expedition between May–September 1639.
Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval1500–15601623–1645FranceFrench nobleman and adventurer who, through his friendship with King Francis, became the first Lieutenant General of New France. As a corsair he attacked towns and shipping throughout the Spanish Main, from Cuba to Colombia. He died in Paris as one of the first Huguenot martyrs.
Ben Robins1607–1640EnglandEnglish privateer in theEnglish West Indies.
Isaac Rochussen1631–17101660s–1670sNetherlandsA Dutch corsair active against the English during theSecond andThird Anglo-Dutch War. His capture ofThe Falcon, anEast India Company merchantman, was one of the most valuable prizes captured during the late-17th century.
Mahieu Romboutsenfl. 16361630sNetherlandsDutch corsair in the service of Spain. Was part of a three ship squadron underJacques Colaert and was captured with him after a five-hour battle withJan Evertsen.[20][self-published source?]
William Rousfl. 1636–16451630s–1640sNetherlandsDutch corsair and privateer based onProvidence Island. He was involved in privateering expeditions for the Providence Island Company and later commander of Fort Henry.
Jan van Ryend. 16271620sNetherlandsDutch corsair active in the West Indies. Reportedly killed with a number of colonists attempting to establish one of the first colonies on theWiapoco inDutch Guiana.
Pieter Schoutenfl. 1624–16251620sNetherlandsDutch corsair who led one of the Dutch expeditions to the West Indies.
Sir George Somersc. 1564–1610c. 1595–1607EnglandElizabethan Sea Dog in 1595 sackedCaracas andCoro withAmyas Preston. Active in the West Indies up until the turn of the 17th century.
Jacques de Sores16th century1555FranceA French pirate whose sole documented act was his attack and burning ofHavana in 1555.
Matsura Takanobu1529–1599JapanOne of the most powerful feudal lords ofKyūshū and one of the first lords to allow trading with Europeans
Guillaume Le Testu1509–15731560s–1570sFranceFrench privateer, explorer and cartographer. First navigator to chart Australia in 1531.
Dirck Simonszoon van Uitgeestfl. 1628–16291620sNetherlandsDutch corsair who commanded aDutch West India Company expedition toBrazil bringing back over 12 Portuguese and Spanish prizes.[citation needed]
Nicholas Valiermiddle 16th century1567FranceA French hugonote privateer that plundered Borburata, Coro and Curazao
De Veenboerd. 16201600s–1610sNetherlandsDe Veenboer meaning the Peat Bog Farmer. Former Dutch corsair and privateer. Later became aBarbary corsair underSimon the Dancer and eventually commanded the Algiers corsair fleet.[4]
Sir Francis Verney1584–16151608–1610EnglandEnglish nobleman who left behind his inheritance to become aBarbary corsair.
Johannes van Walbeeckfl. 16341620s–1630sNetherlandsDutch admiral and corsair. CapturedCuraçao in 1634 and later served as governor.
John Ward1552–16221603–1610sEnglandA notorious English pirate around the turn of the 17th century who later became a BarbaryCorsair operating out ofTunis during the early 1600s.
Jacob Willekens1571–16331590s–1630sNetherlandsDutch admiral who led Dutch corsairs on the first major privateering expedition to the West Indies.
Cornelis Wittebolfl. 16221620sNetherlandsDutch corsair in Spanish service. In February 1622, attacked a fishing fleet from theVeere andMaasmond sinking several ships and bringing back the survivors to ransom inDuinkerken.[citation needed]
Hendrik Worstfl. 16241620sNetherlandsDutch corsair who accompaniedPieter Schouten in his expedition to the West Indies.[citation needed]
Wang Zhi16th century1551–1555ChinaOne of the chief figures among thewokou of the 16th century.
Zheng Zhilong1604–16621623–1645ChinaA convert to Christianity, Zhilon collaborated with Dutch forces, helping to create a monopoly on trade with Japan.
Filips van Zuylenfl. 16241620sNetherlandsDutch corsair active against the Portuguese inWest Africa.

Age of the Buccaneers: 1650–1690

[edit]
AlthoughJean Bart was born the son of a fisherman, he was able to retire as an admiral in French service on the strength of his captures during his time as a privateer.
William Dampier was the first Englishman to explore or map parts of New Holland (Australia) and New Guinea, and was also the first person to circumnavigate the world three times.
Known only for a single attack against a Spanish galleon (pictured),Pierre le Grand's existence is disputed.
François l'Ollonais was nicknamed "Flail of the Spaniards" and had a reputation for brutality – offering no quarter to Spanish prisoners.
Roche Braziliano had a reputation for violence, and once roasted two Spanish farmers when they refused to hand over their pigs.
NameLifeYears activeCountry of originComments
Vincenzo Alessandrid. 1657ItalyOriginally a Knight of Malta, Alessandri was captured and enslaved.[citation needed]
Robert Allison17th century1679–1699EnglandBuccaneer who attacked Puerto Bello and Panama, became a merchant captain, aided the Scottish atDarien.
Cornelius Andreson1674–1675NetherlandsHe is best known for attackingEnglish traders offAcadia and for serving inKing Philip's War.
Michiel Andrieszoon17th century1680sNetherlandsDutch merchant-pirate. Associated withThomas Paine andLaurens de Graff.[citation needed]
John Anselld. 1689EnglandSailed withHenry Morgan and participated in his raids againstMaracaibo andGibraltar,Venezuela.
Joseph Bannisterd. 16871680–1687EnglandFormer merchant captain who operated in theCaribbean and defeated twoRoyal Navy ships in battle.
Jean Bart1651–17021672–1697FranceBorn the son of a fisherman, Bart retired anadmiral in French service.
Michel le Basque17th century1666–1668FrancePirate andflibustier (Frenchbuccaneer) from theKingdom of Navarre in the southwest of France. He is best known as a companion ofFrançois L'Olonnais, with whom he sackedMaracaibo andGibraltar.
John Bear1684–1689EnglandEnglish pirate active in theCaribbean who also served with the Spanish and French.
Philippe Bequel17th century1650–1669FranceWas one of the first foreign privateers awarded a letter of marque by the governor of Jamaica
Jacob Janssen van den Berghfl. 16601650s–1660sNetherlandsDutch corsair and slave trader for theDutch West India Company.[citation needed]
Jean Bernanosd. 16951677–1695FranceRaided Spanish settlements in Central and South America, later sailed as a privateer. Used "L'essone" as a pseudonym.
Charlotte de Berry17th century1660sEnglandA female pirate, she later commanded her own ship. Her story first appeared in 1836 and she may have been fictional.
Lancelot Blackburne1653–17431680–1684EnglandBlackburne was an English clergyman, who became Archbishop of York, and – in popular belief – a pirate.
Eduardo Blomard. 16791670sSpainSpanish renegade active in theSpanish Main during the 1670s. Tried in absentia and convicted of piracy withBartolomé Charpes andJuan Guartem in Panama in 1679.[citation needed]
George Bond17th century1683–1684EnglandActive in theCaribbean, known for acting in league with the pirate-friendly Governor ofSt. Thomas,Adolph Esmit.
Pierre Bot17th century1680sFranceFrench buccaneer active in the Caribbean.[citation needed]
Alexandre Bras-de-Fer17th centurymid-17th centuryFranceAflibustier (Frenchbuccaneer) in the latter half of the mid-17th century. He is best known for capturing a Spanish ship after being shipwrecked, though his story is possibly apocryphal.
Nicolas Brigaut1653–16861679–1686FranceFrench pirate andbuccaneer active in the Caribbean. He was closely associated with fellow corsairMichel de Grammont.
James Browne17th century1676–1677ScotlandScottish pirate andprivateer active in the Caribbean. He is best known for his hasty execution and the effects it had on colonialJamaican government.
Manuel Butiensfl. 16451640sNetherlandsDutch renegade andDunkirker in the service of Spain.[citation needed]
Jean du Casse1646–1715168?–1697FranceBorn toHuguenot parents, du Casse was allowed to join the French navy on the value of his prizes taken while a buccaneer.
Bartolomé Charpesd. 16791680sSpainSpanish renegade who was tried in absentia and convicted of piracy withEduardo Blomar andJuan Guartem in Panama by Governor DonDionicio Alceda in 1679.[citation needed]
Jean Charpin1688–1689FranceFrench pirate andbuccaneer active in theCaribbean and off the coast of Africa. He is best known for sailing alongsideJean-Baptiste du Casse as well as for his Articles, or "Pirate Code."
Nicholas Clough1682–1683EnglandActive in the Caribbean and off the coast of Africa. He is best remembered for leaving behind a well-documented Pirate Code, his "Articles of Agreement".
Edward Collier17th century1668–1671EnglandServed as Sir Henry Morgan's second-in-command throughout much of his expeditions against Spain during the mid-17th century.
Edmund Cooke17th century1673–1683EnglandMerchant captain, buccaneer, and pirate. He is best known for sailing against the Spanish alongsideBartholomew Sharp,John Coxon,Basil Ringrose,Lionel Wafer, and other famous buccaneers. Cooke's flag was red-and-yellow striped and featured a hand holding a sword.
John Cookd. 16831680sEnglandEnglish buccaneer who led an expedition against the Spanish in the early 1680s.[citation needed]
John Cornelius1687–?IrelandIrish pirate supposedly active in theRed Sea and off the west coast of Africa. He succeededWilliam Lewis, who was killed after announcing he'd made a pact withthe Devil. Lewis and Cornelius are likely the fictional creations of Captain Charles Johnson, who presented their stories among those of real historical pirates.
Juan Corsod. 16851680–1685SpainCorsicanguarda costa, hunted logwood cutters, known for his brutality.
John Coxond. 16891677–1682EnglandOne of the most famous of theBrethren of the Coast, a loose consortium of pirates and privateers who were active on theSpanish Main.
George Cusackd. 16751668–1675IrelandCruised both northern Europe and theWest Indies, during and after theAnglo-Dutch Wars.
William Dampier1651–17151670–1688EnglandWas the first person to circumnavigate the world three times.[21][22]
Edward Davis17th century1680–1688EnglandLed the last major buccaneer raid against Panama.
John Davis18th centuryEnglandDavis was one of the earliest and most active buccaneers on Jamaica.
Jacquotte Delahaye17th century1660sFranceDelahaye was a French Buccaneer, likely fictional; if real, would have been one of the very few female buccaneers.
Edward Dempster17th century1667–1669EnglandAbuccaneer andprivateer active in the Caribbean. He is best known for his association withHenry Morgan.
Anne Dieu-Le-Veutb. 16501650–1704FranceWas originally one of the women – "Filles de Roi" – sent by the French government to Tortuga to become wives to the local male colonists.
John Eaton17th century1682–1686EnglandLooted Brazil and Spanish South America, crossed the Pacific, raided in East Indies, crew split up in the Indian Ocean.
Cornelius Essexd. 16801670sEnglandAn English buccaneer who took part in Captain Bartholomew Sharp's privateering expedition, the "Pacific Adventure", during the late 1670s.
Jacob Evertsondied 1695?1681–1688NetherlandsHe escapedHenry Morgan and sailed withJan Willems for several years.
Alexandre Exquemelin1645–17071669–1674
1697		FranceA French writer, most known as the author of one of the most important sourcebooks of 17th century piracy,De Americaensche Zee-Roovers.
Jacob Fackman17th century1662–1666EnglandEnglishbuccaneer and pirate active in the Caribbean. He is best known for attacking the Spanish alongsideHenry Morgan,John Morris, andDavid Marteen.
Jean Fantin1681–1689FranceFrench pirate active in theCaribbean and off the coast of Africa. He is best known for having his ship stolen byWilliam Kidd andRobert Culliford.
Philip Fitzgerald17th century1672–1675IrelandIrish pirate andprivateer who served the Spanish in theCaribbean.
Jean Foccard17th century1680sFranceAssociate ofLaurens de Graaf andMichel de Grammont. He later joined them in their attack onTampico in 1682.[citation needed]
Pierre Francois17th centurymid-17th centuryFranceMid-17th-centuryflibustier, or Frenchbuccaneer, active in the Caribbean. He is best known for a single attack on a Spanish pearl-diving fleet. His story appears only inAlexandre Exquemelin'sHistory of the Buccaneers and the truth of his account is uncertain.
Thomas Freeman17th century1655–1680EnglandEnglishbuccaneer and pirate active in the Caribbean. He is best known for attacking the Spanish alongsideHenry Morgan,David Marteen, andJohn Morris.
Louis Le Golif17th century1660–1675FranceKnown from hisMemoirs; supposedly a real buccaneer active against the Spanish, Golif'sMemoirs were a forgery and he is now assumed to be entirely fictional.
Laurens de Graaf1653–17041672–1697NetherlandsAlso known as Lorencillo and active in the Caribbean. Characterised as "a great and mischievous pirate" by Henry Morgan, de Graaf was a Dutch pirate, mercenary, and naval officer in the service of the French colony of Saint-Domingue. Sacked Veracruz. His companion was pirateNicholas van Hoorn.[4]
John Graham17th century1683–1686EnglandEnglish pirate active offNew England and the African coast. May have been a doctor as well.
Michel de Grammont1645–16861670–1686FranceA French buccaneer, de Grammont primarily attacked Spanish holdings inMaracaibo,Gibraltar,Trujillo,La Guaira,Puerto Cabello,Cumana andVeracruz
Pierre le Grand17th centuryFranceKnown only for a single attack against a Spanish galleon, his existence is disputed.
"Red Legs" Greaves17th century1670s–1690?ScotlandGreaves's nickname was based on a commonly used term for reddened legs often seen among the Scottish and Irish who took to wearing kilts in almost any weather. Noted for his raid ofMargarita Island. He may have been fictional; his story first appeared in 1924.
Francois Grogniet17th century1683–1687FranceFrenchbuccaneer and pirate active against the Pacific coast of Spanish Central America.
Juan Guartem17th century1670sSpainA Spanish renegade pirate who raided Spanish settlements in New Spain during the late 17th century with his most notable raid being against Chepo in 1679.
Jacob Hall17th century1683–1684EnglandJoined a buccaneer raid on Veracruz then sailed to Carolina.
Jean Hamlin17th century1682–1684FrenchFrench buccaneer active in theCaribbean and off the coast of Africa. He was often associated withSt. Thomas' pirate-friendly GovernorAdolph Esmit.
Peter Harrisd. 16801670sEnglandEnglish buccaneer and member of CaptainBartholomew Sharp's "Pacific Expedition". Killed atPanama in 1680.[citation needed]
Richard Hawkins1562–16221593–1594EnglandA buccaneer and explorer who was later knighted.
Thomas Hawkinsd. 16901689UnknownPirate briefly active offNew England. He was known for sailing withThomas Pound.
Thomas Henley1683–1685Colonial AmericaA pirate andprivateer active in theRed Sea and theCaribbean.
Henry Holloway1687Colonial AmericaA pirate active off the American east coast, fromSouth Carolina toMaine. Aided by a member of GovernorJames Colleton's Grand Council.
Nicholas van Hoorn1635–16831663–1683NetherlandsMerchant, privateer and later pirate, van Hoorn was hugely successful before dying of wound infection. Active in the Caribbean and based at the island Hispaniola. Sacked in 1683 Veracruz. Worked together withLaurens de Graaf aka Lorencillo.[4]
William Jackson17th century1639–1645EnglandIt was the fleet under his command that capturedJamaica for England.
Bartholomeus de Jagerfl. 16551650sNetherlandsDutch corsair active against the Portuguese. He attacked a small merchant fleet atFernando de Noronha, capturing one merchant ship and driving off the other.[citation needed]
Daniel Johnson1629–16751657–1675EnglandBecame known as "Johnson the Terror" among the Spanish.
Peter Johnsond. 16721661–1672NetherlandsDutch pirate, raided off Havana, put to trial twice and confessed before his execution.
William Knight17th century1684–1686EnglandAlong withEdward Davis, he took part in the final large buccaneer attack on Spanish holdings.
Jean L'Escuyer17th century1685FranceFrench pirate active on the Pacific coast of Central America. He sailed and fought alongside a number of prominent buccaneers such asEdward Davis,Francois Grogniet,William Dampier, and others.
François l'Olonnais1635–16681660–1668FranceNicknamed "The Bane of Spaniards" (French:Fléau des Espagnols). l'Ollonais had a reputation for brutality, offering no quarter to Spanish prisoners. Famous by his raids againstMaracaibo andGibraltar,Venezuela.
Jelles de Lecat17th century1668–1674NetherlandsSacked Spanish territories alongside Brasiliano, Reyning, Bradley, and Morgan. Often called "Yellahs," "Yallahs," or "Captain Yellows."
William Lewis1687–?UnknownPirate supposedly active in theCaribbean, off the American east coast, and the west coast of Africa. He was known for sparing his victims, and for being killed after announcing he had made a pact with theDevil. He is likely the fictional creation of Captain Charles Johnson, who presented his story among those of real historical pirates.
Raveneau de Lussanb. 16631684–1688FranceAn impoverished nobleman. Attacked targets in Central America. Known for a "long march" in 1688.
Thomas Magott17th century1680sEnglandEnglish buccaneer who sailed withBartholomew Sharp and others on the "Pacific Adventure".[citation needed]
Marquis de Maintenon1648–16911672–1676FranceA French nobleman who became a buccaneer in the Caribbean, selling his castle and title toMadame de Maintenon. Remarkable for his raid ofMargarita Island.
Edward Mansvelt / Mansfieldd. 16661650s–1660sCuraçaoDutch buccaneer in English service. Known as the Admiral of the "Brethren of the Coast", Mansvelt was a mentor to SirHenry Morgan who succeeded him following his death.
David Marteen17th century1663–1665NetherlandsKnown primarily as the sole non-English Captain who participated in the raids against Spanish strongholds in present-dayMexico andNicaragua.
Montbars the Exterminator1645–1701?1660s–1670sFranceA former French naval officer and gentleman adventurer, he engaged in a violent and destructive war against Spain in the Caribbean and theSpanish Main. His hatred of the Spanish earned him the name "Montbars the Exterminator".
Sir Henry Morgan1635–16881663–1674WalesA privateer who later retired to becomeLieutenant Governor ofJamaica.[23][24] he participated in his raids againstPanama,Maracaibo,Gibraltar,Porto Bello.
John Morris17th century1663–1672EnglandA skilledpilot, he served with bothChristopher Myngs andHenry Morgan before becoming a pirate hunter.
Sir Christopher Myngs1625–16661650s–1660sEnglandDescribed as "unhinged and out of tune" by the governor of Jamaica, Myngs nevertheless became aVice-Admiral of the Blue in theRoyal Navy. In 1658, raided the coast of South-America; failing to capture a Spanish treasure fleet, he destroyed Tolú and Santa Marta in present-day Colombia instead. In 1659, he plundered Cumaná, Puerto Cabello and Coro in present-day Venezuela.
Edward Neville17th century1675–1678EnglandPrivateer, joined a buccaneer raid on Campeche then sailed to Jamaica.
Thomas Paine17th century1680sEnglandA colonial American privateer who raided several settlements in theWest Indies withJan Willems, most notably againstRio de la Hacha in 1680. He also drove the French fromBlock Island.
Manuel Ribeiro Pardald. 16711668–1671PortugalPortuguese privateer in the service ofSpain. One of the few successful privateers active against the buccaneers of theCaribbean during the late 17th century.
George Peterson17th century1686–1688EnglandPart of his crew consisted of the remnants of the crews ofJean Hamlin and two recently deceased pirates,Jan "Yankey" Willems andJacob Evertson.
Pierre Le Picardfl. 1666–16901660s–1690sFranceAn officer underl'Ollonais andHenry Morgan, he andMoise Vauquelin left to pursue a career on their own. He later served inKing William's War. He may have been one of the first buccaneers to raid shipping on both the Caribbean and Pacific coasts.
Chevalier du Plessisd. 16681660sFranceFrench privateer active in the West Indies. He was succeeded byMoise Vauquelin following his death.[citation needed]
Baron Jean de Pointis1635–17071690sFranceHis greatest venture was the1697 Raid of Cartagena.
Bartolomeu Portuguêsb. 16301666–1669PortugalOne of the earliest pirates to use apirate code.
Thomas Poundd. 17031689EnglandBriefly commanded a small ship nearMassachusetts before being captured.
Lawrence Princefl. 1659–16721650s–1670sNetherlandsDutch buccaneer in English service. An officer under SirHenry Morgan, he andJohn Morris led thevanguard atPanama in 1671.
Philip Rasfl. 1652–16551650sNetherlandsCaptured several English ships as both a corsair and privateer during theFirst Anglo-Dutch War.[citation needed]
Stenka Razin1630–1671RussiaACossack pirate who operated on theVolga and later expanded into theCaspian Sea.
John Read (pirate)?1683-1688EnglandEnglish buccaneer, privateer, and pirate active from South America to the East Indies to the Indian Ocean.
Peter Roderigo1674–1675NetherlandsHe is best known for attackingEnglish traders offAcadia and for serving inKing Philip's War.
Jean Rose17th century1680–1688FranceRaided Spanish settlements in Central and South America, including Panama, used Tortuga as a base.
Richard Sawkinsd. 16801679–1680EnglandParticipated, along withJohn Coxon andBartholomew Sharp, in the surprise attack on Santa Maria in Panama.
Lewis Scotfl. 16631660sEnglandKnown for his attack on the city ofCampeche, on theYucatan Peninsula.
Robert Searle17th Century1660sEnglandJamaican-based buccaneer known for his sacks ofTobago andSt. Augustine, Florida and occasional compatriot of Henry Morgan.
Bartholomew Sharp1650–16901679–1682EnglandPlundered 25 Spanish ships and numerous small towns.
Gustav Skytte1637–16631657–1663SwedenAttacked ships in theBaltic Sea, along with other accomplices of noble descent.
Bernard Claesen Speirdykefl. 1663–16701660s–1670sNetherlandsDutch buccaneer active in the Caribbean, he was captured by CaptainManuel Ribeiro Pardal near Cuba and later executed.
George Spurre17th century1678–1683EnglandPrivateer, joined a buccaneer raid on Veracruz then sailed to Saint-Domingue.
Charles Swan17th centuryEnglandA reluctant pirate, he begged for a pardon even as he looted his way aroundSouth America.
Jacques Tavernier / Le Lyonnais1625–16731664–1673FranceFrench buccaneer who took part in expeditions withLaurens de Graaf,Michel de Grammont,Pierre le Grand,François l'Ollonais and SirHenry Morgan before his execution in 1673. His existence is disputed as the only pre-20th century reference to him appears inAppleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography.[25][26]
Francis Townleyd. 16861685–1686EnglandRaided Nicaragua, sacked Panama, held Spanish hostages to extort ransom.
Jean Tristand. 16931681–1693FranceAttacked Costa Rica and Colombia, joined a raid on Veracruz, became an English subject.
Moïse Vauquelin / Moses Vancleinfl. 1650–16721650s–1670sFranceAn officer underl'Ollonais, he also had a partnership withPierre le Picard. In his later years, he wrote a book detailing the coastline of Honduras and the Yucatan along with fellow buccaneerPhilippe Bequel.
Captain Veale17th century1685EnglandAttacked ships alongNew England fromVirginia toBoston with pirateJohn Graham.
Thomas Veale17th centurymid-1600sEnglandKnown for legends of his buried treasure.
Cornelis Janszoon van de Veldefl. 16551650sNetherlandsDutch corsair active near the Antillen, he was briefly associated withBartholomeus de Jager.[citation needed]
Lionel Wafer1640–17051679–1688WalesAn explorer whose work helped inspire theDarien Scheme.
Janke / Yankey Willemsfl. 1681–16871680sNetherlandsDutch buccaneer active in the Caribbean.
Francis Witherborn17th century1670–1672EnglandEnglish buccaneer, privateer, and pirate active in the Caribbean. He is best known for his brief association withHenry Morgan.
Thomas Woolerly1683–1687Colonial AmericaA pirate and privateer active in theCaribbean and theIndian Ocean.
William Wright17th century1675–1682EnglandDespite being English, Wright was active as a privateer under a French commission. He later became a buccaneer.

Golden Age of Piracy: 1690–1730

[edit]
The most successful pirate of the Golden Age of Piracy,Bartholomew Roberts was estimated to have captured more than 470 vessels.
With his fearsome appearance,Blackbeard is often credited with the creation of the stereotypical image of a pirate.
Miguel Enríquez was the most longeve and the wealthiest of the privateers born in the Caribbean colonies.[27]
Amaro Pargo. He was one of the most famous pirates of thegolden age of piracy, and one of the most important personalities of the 18th century of Spain.
Despite never commanding a ship herself,Anne Bonny is remembered as one of few known female pirates.
Henry Every (or Avery) is famous as one of the few pirates of the era who was able to retire with his takings without being either arrested or killed in battle.
Although modern historians dispute the legitimacy of his trial and execution, the rumour ofCaptain Kidd's buried treasure has served only to build a legend around the man as a great pirate.
NameLifeYears activeCountry of originComments
James Allison?1689–1691Colonial AmericaActive near Cape Verde and the Bay of Campeche. Almost the entire record of Allison's piracy comes from trial records of a single incident, the seizure of the merchantman Good Hope.
Thomas Anstisd. 17231718–1723EnglandWas mainly active in the Caribbean, and served under firstHowell Davis and laterBartholomew Roberts.[25][28]
Leigh Ashworth?1716–1719UnknownA pirate and privateer operating in the Caribbean in the early 1700s.
John Auger1678–17181718UnknownActive in the Bahamas around 1718. He is primarily remembered for being captured by pirate turned pirate-hunter Benjamin Hornigold.
Adam Baldridge?fl. c. 1685–1697EnglandEnglish pirate and one of the early founders of the pirate settlements in Madagascar.
Jonathan Barnet?1715–1720EnglandEnglishprivateer active in theCaribbean. He is best known for capturing piratesJohn Rackham,Anne Bonny, andMary Read.
Thomas Barrowd. 17261702–1718UnknownPirate active in theCaribbean. He is best known for proclaiming himself Governor ofNew Providence.
Don Benito?1725SpainReal name possibly Benito Socarras Y Aguero, he was a Spanish pirate andguarda costaprivateer active in theCaribbean.
Charles Bellamy?1717–1720EnglandEnglish pirate who raided colonial American shipping in New England and later off the coast of Canada. He is often confused with the more well-knownSamuel Bellamy, as they operated in the same areas at the same time.
Samuel Bellamy1689–17171716–1717Hittisleigh, Devonshire, EnglandDespite having a career of only 16 months, Bellamy was extraordinarily successful, capturing more than 50 ships before his death at age 28.[28] His acquired wealth of five tons of treasure from his short career is speculated at US$120 million in 2008 dollars.[29] Bellamy began his pirate career under the command of Henry Jennings, a Buccaneer that turned pirate; but double-crossing Jennings, Bellamy fled to the Bahamas and joined Jennings' nemesis, Benjamin Hornigold of theMary Anne. But quickly growing wearisome of Hornigold's refusal to attack English ships, Bellamy called for a vote of no confidence, and the crew ousted Hornigold and Blackbeard by a majority vote, electing Bellamy as captain. Bellamy's prize flagship,Whydah Galley, discovered by underwater explorerBarry Clifford in 1984, is currently the world's only fully authenticated Golden Age pirate shipwreck ever found.
Blackbeard (Edward Teach)1680–17181716–1718EnglandWith his fearsome appearance, Blackbeard is often credited with the creation of the stereotypical image of a pirate. Although his real name remains unknown, he began his pirate career as the first officer of Buccaneer-turned-pirate Captain Benjamin Hornigold of theMary Anne. When a young crewman, Samuel Bellamy, called for a vote of no confidence in Hornigold for his refusal to attack English ships, the crew by a vote ousted Hornigold and Blackbeard, leaving theMary Anne to Bellamy whom the crew elected their new captain.[25][28] His legend solidified after he took command of theQueen Anne's Revenge.[30]
Black Caesard. 17181700s–1718AfricaA captured slave turned pirate, legend held that Black Caesar had been a well-known pirate active off theFlorida Keys during the early 18th century. Historically, he was part ofBlackbeard's crew and was one of five Africans serving on his flagship.[28]
Augustin Blanco?1700–1725CubaHe was noted for attacking in open boats, and for having a mixed-race crew.
Richard Bobbingtond. 16971695–1696UnknownActive in the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Persian Gulf. Sailed withThomas Tew's crew after Tew's death. One of several captains of theCharming Mary.
Jean Bonadvis?1717–1720FranceHe is best known for his involvement withBenjamin Hornigold.
Stede Bonnet1688–17181717–1718BarbadosNicknamed "The Gentleman Pirate", Bonnet was born into a wealthy family before turning to piracy.[25][28]
Anne Bonny?1720UnknownDespite never commanding a ship herself, Anne Bonny is remembered as one of few known female pirates.[25][28]
George Boothd. 17001696–1700EnglandOne of the earliest pirates active in theIndian Ocean andRed Sea.
John Bowend. 17041700–1704BermudaWas active in theIndian Ocean, his contemporaries includedGeorge Booth andNathaniel North.
Joseph Bradishd. 17001698–1700UnknownA pirate best known for a single incident involving a mutiny.
John Breholt17th–18th centuries1697–1711EnglandPirate and salvager active in the Caribbean, the Carolinas, and theAzores. He is best known for organizing several attempts to get the pirates ofMadagascar to accept a pardon and bring their wealth home to England.
Nicholas Brownd. 1726to 1726EnglandActive off the coast ofJamaica, Brown was eventually killed – and his head pickled – by childhood friendJohn Drudge.
Phineas Bunced. 17181717–1718UnknownPirate active in theCaribbean. He was pardoned for piracy but reverted to it immediately afterwards and was killed by a Spanish pirate hunter.
Nathaniel Burches?1705–1707UnknownAprivateer who operated out ofNew England. He was known for sailing alongsideRegnier Tongrelow andThomas Penniston, and for single-handedly defeating a huge Spanish ship.
Josiah ("Thomas") Burgess1689–17191716–1719EnglandHe is best known as one of the heads ofNew Providence's "Flying Gang."
Samuel Burgess1650–17161690–1708EnglandMember of CaptainWilliam Kidd's crew in 1690 when theBlessed William was seized byRobert Culliford and some of the crew.
William Burked. 16991699IrelandPirate and trader active in theCaribbean and nearNewfoundland, best known for aidingWilliam Kidd.
James Carnegie?1716UnknownSailed in consort withHenry Jennings.
Canoot?1698FranceFrench pirate active off the coast ofNew England.
Dirk Chiversearly 18th century1694–1699NetherlandsActive in theRed Sea andIndian Ocean, Chivers later retired from piracy and returned to the Netherlands.[25]
Adrian Claver?1704–1705NetherlandsA Dutchprivateer based out of New England. He sailed alongside other prominent privateers such asJohn Halsey,Regnier Tongrelow, andThomas Penniston.
Edward Coates?1689–1694Colonial AmericaA colonial American privateer in English service during the King William's War and later a pirate operating in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean during the mid-1690s.
Thomas Cocklynearly 18th century1717 to deathEnglandPrimarily known for his association withHowell Davis andOliver La Buze, Cocklyn's activities after 1719 are unknown.[25][28]
John Cockram?1713–1718EnglandPirate, trader, and pirate hunter in theCaribbean, best known for his association withBenjamin Hornigold.
John Coled. 17181718EnglandAssociated withRichard Worley andWilliam Moody. He is known more for the unusual cargo of his pirate ship than for his piracy.
Robert Colleyd. 16981695–1698Colonial AmericaAn American pirate active near Newfoundland and the Indian Ocean.
Thomas Collinsd. 17191690s–1719UnknownActive in theIndian Ocean. He is best known for leading a pirate settlement and trading post onMadagascar.
Christopher Condentd. 17341718–1720EnglandAfter entering into piracy in 1718, Condent later took a prize of £150,000 with his shipFiery Dragon and retired to France, becoming a wealthy merchant.[25] Known by many names, including Condent, Congdon, Connor or Condell; and by given names including William, Christopher, Edmond or John.
Joseph Cooperd. 17251718–1725Colonial AmericaActive in the Caribbean and the American East Coast. He was best known for sailing alongside Francis Spriggs, and for the manner of his death.
William Cotterb.1670 d.17021690–1692EnglandHe was mainly active inJamaica and theRed Sea sailing underGeorge Raynor.
William Coward?1689–1690UnknownA minor pirate active off the coast ofMassachusetts. He is known for a single incident involving the seizure of one small vessel, largely thanks to events surrounding his trial.
Captain Crapo18th century1704–1708FranceFrenchprivateer active in the Caribbean and off the American east coast during theWar of Spanish Succession. He was highly successful, capturing a large number of English vessels which he sent back to his home ports inMartinique andPort Royal.
Mary Critchett?1729Colonial AmericaShe is best known for being one of only four female pirates from theGolden Age of Piracy.
Robert CullifordEarly 18th century1690–1698EnglandThe former first mate ofWilliam Kidd, Culliford led a first mutiny against Kidd, stealing his shipBlessed William. One of the few pirates documented as participating inmatelotage, withJohn Swann.[25][28]
Alexander Dalzeel1662–17151685–1715ScotlandServed underHenry Every. Was captured four times before finally being hanged.
Howell Davis1690–17191718–1719WalesHaving a career that lasted only 11 months, Davis was ambushed during an attempt to kidnap the governor ofPríncipe.[25][28]
Captain Davyearly 18th century1704–1705FranceFrench privateer active off New England duringQueen Anne's War. He is best known for repeatedly evading capture by rival English and Dutch privateers such asAdrian Claver andThomas Penniston.
Thomas Day?1697UnknownPirate andprivateer active off the American East Coast. He is known for being one cause of increasing tensions between the Governors ofMaryland andPennsylvania.
Robert Deald. 17211718–1721EnglandHe is best known for his association withCharles Vane.
Nicholas de Concepcion?1720UnknownPirate active off theNew England coast. An escaped slave, he was one of the few black ormulatto pirate captains.
Mathurin Desmarestz1653–17001685–1697FranceFrench pirate andbuccaneer active in theCaribbean, the Pacific, and theIndian Ocean.
Étienne de Montauban?1691–1695FranceFrenchflibustier (buccaneer),privateer, and pirate active in theCaribbean and off the west African coast. Frequently referred to as Sieur de Montauban (last name occasionally Montauband), he wrote an account of his later voyages, including surviving a shipwreck.
Francis Demont?1716–1717Colonial AmericaPirate active in theCaribbean. His trial was important in establishing Admiralty law inSouth Carolina.
John Derdrake?Early 1700sDenmarkKnown as "Jack of the Baltic." Danish pirate active in the 1700s. His story, if true, makes him one of the few pirates known to force his victimswalk the plank.
George Dew1666–17031686–1695EnglandHe once sailed alongsideWilliam Kidd andThomas Tew, and his career took him fromNewfoundland to theCaribbean to the coast ofAfrica.
Jean Thomas Dulaien?1727-1728FranceFrench pirate active in the Caribbean. He is known for preserved copies of hisArticles andblack flag.
Edward England1690–17201717–1720IrelandDiffering from many other pirates of his day, England did not kill captives unless necessary.[25][28]
John Evansd. 17231722–1723WalesAfter an unsuccessful career as a legitimate sailor, Evans turned to piracy – initially raiding houses from a small canoe.
Henry Every (Avery)?1694–1695EnglandFamous as one of the few pirates of the era who was able to retire with his takings without being either arrested or killed in battle.[25]
Mary Farley, alias Mary / Martha Farlee / Harley / Harvey1725–1726IrishIn 1725, Mary Harvey and her husband Thomas were transported to theProvince of Carolina as felons. In 1726, Mary and three men were tried for piracy. Two of the men were hanged (their leaderJohn Vidal was convicted and later pardoned), but Mary was released. Her husband Thomas was never caught.[31]
Joseph Faro?1694–1696Colonial AmericaActive in the Indian Ocean. He is best known for sailing alongside Thomas Tew to join Henry Every's pirate fleet which captured and looted the fabulously rich Mughal ship Gunsway.
John Fennd. 1723to 1723EnglandSailed withBartholomew Roberts and, later,Thomas Anstis.
Lewis Ferdinando?1699–1700UnknownActive nearBermuda during theGolden Age of Piracy.
Francis Fernando?1715–1716JamaicaJamaican pirate and privateer active in theCaribbean. He was one of the few confirmed mixed-race captains in theGolden Age of Piracy.
James Fifed. 17181718UnknownActive in the Caribbean. Murdered by forced men on his crew.
William Flyd. 1726to 1726EnglandRaided off theNew England coast before being captured and hanged atBoston,Massachusetts.
William Fox?1718–1723UnknownPirate active in theCaribbean and off the African coast. He was indirectly associated with a number of more prominent pirates such asBartholomew Roberts,Edward England, andRichard Taylor.
Richard Frowd?1718–1719EnglandHe is best known for sailing withWilliam Moody. He was one of a number of pirates to have both white and black sailors in his crew.
Ingela Gathenhielm1692–17291718–1721SwedenWidow of Lars Gathenhielm, active on theBaltic Sea.
Lars Gathenhielm1689–17181710–1718SwedenActive on theBaltic Sea
Captain Gincks?1705–1706UnknownAprivateer based inNew York. He is best known for sailing alongsideAdrian Claver, and for a violent incident involving his sailors while ashore.
Richard Gloverd. 16981694–1698Colonial AmericaA pirate and slave trader active in the Caribbean and the Red Sea in the late 1690s.
Robert Gloverd. 16981693–1698Ireland / Colonial AmericaAn Irish-American pirate active in the Red Sea area in the late 1690s.
Christopher Goffe?1683–1691Colonial AmericaA pirate and privateer active in theRed Sea and theCaribbean. He was eventually trusted to hunt down his former comrades.
John Goldend. 16981696–1698EnglandAJacobite pirate and privateer active in the waters near England and France. His trial was important in establishingAdmiralty law, differentiating between privateers and pirates, and ending the naval ambitions of the deposedJames II.
Thomas Goldsmithd. 17141714EnglandChiefly remembered not for his piracy but for retiring and dying peacefully in his bed, and for his gravestone inscription.
Thomas Griffin (pirate)?1691Colonial AmericaA pirate and privateer active offNew England. He is known for his association withGeorge Dew.
Captain Grinnaway?1718UnknownA pirate fromBermuda, best known for being briefly and indirectly involved withEdward Teach (or Thatch, alias Blackbeard).
Nathaniel Grubing17th century1692–1697EnglandEnglish pirate who sailed in service to the French. He is best known for leading several raids onJamaica before his capture.
Jean Baptiste Guedryd. 17261726AcadiaTook over a small ship offAcadia and was tried for piracy. The trial was publicized toIndians as an example of English law.
Charles Harris1698–17231722–1723EnglandHe is best known for his association with George Lowther and Edward Low.
John Halseyd. 17081705–1708Colonial AmericaActive in the Atlantic and Indian oceans, Halsey is remembered byDefoe as "brave in his Person, courteous to all his Prisoners, lived beloved, and died regretted by his own People."[25]
John Ham (pirate)?1699-1720EnglandPirate and privateer operating in the Caribbean in the early 18th century. He is best known for his involvement withSamuel Bellamy,Paulsgrave Williams,John Rackham, and the female piratesAnne Bonny andMary Read.
Israel Hands?1700s–1718Colonial AmericaAlso known as Basilica Hands.[32] He is best known for being second in command toEdward Teach, better known asBlackbeard. Hands' first historical mention was in 1718, when Blackbeard gave him command ofDavid Herriot's shipAdventure after Herriot was captured by Teach in March 1718.[30]
DonMiguel Enríquez (Henríquez)1674–17431701–1735Puerto RicoAlthough born a shoemaker, Enríquez was later awarded aletter of marque by Spain, going on to become knighted and gathering a fortune of over 500,000pieces of eight.[27] Considered the "most accomplished" of the Hispanic privateers.[33]
David Herriot?1700s–1718JamaicaCaptain of the Jamaican sloopAdventure, captured by Edward Teach, aliasBlackbeard, in 1718. He joined Blackbeard's crew, and later whenStede Bonnet separated from Blackbeard, Herriot became his sailing master. During theBattle of Cape Fear River Herriott was taken by Col. Rhet, of the sloopRoyal James, on September 27, 1718.[34] Herriot and boatswain,Ignatius Pell, turned King's evidence at their trial but escaped their Charleston prison on October 25. Herriot was shot and killed onSullivan Island a few days later.[30]
John Hoard. 16971694–1697Colonial AmericaA pirate and privateer active in the late 1690s in the Red Sea area.
Benjamin Hornigold1680–17191717–1719EnglandKnown for being less aggressive than other pirates, Hornigold once captured a ship for the sole purpose of seizing the crew's hats.[25][28]
Thomas Howardearly 18th century1698–1703EnglandHoward served under bothGeorge Booth andJohn Bowen and later commanded theProsperous.
Samuel Inless?1698–1699UnknownActive in the Indian Ocean, best known for serving as Captain over Nathaniel North and George Booth.
John Ireland?1694–1701Colonial AmericaA pirate active in the Indian Ocean. He is best known for sailing with Thomas Tew. One of several captains of theCharming Mary.
John James?1699–1700WalesA Welsh pirate active near Madagascar, Nassau, and the American east coast.
Henry Jenningsd. 17451715EnglandJennings was a later governor of thepirate haven ofNew Providence.[25] Although the Governor ofJamaica personally commissioned Jennings' privateering in 1715,[35] after Jennings' began attacking salvage camps andSpanish,English andFrench vessels,[36] Jennings was declared a pirate in April 1716.[37] Jennings and his fleet of pirates and privateers subsequently moved toNassau.[37] Jennings was one of 400 pirates who took advantage of the British amnesty in 1718, and afterwards retired to Bermuda to live the rest of his life "as a wealthy, respected member of society."[38]
Henry Johnson?1730IrelandIrish pirate active in theCaribbean. He shared captaincy with a Spaniard, Pedro Poleas. Johnson was best known thanks to an autobiography written by a sailor he captured andmarooned.
Evan Jones?1698–1699WalesWelsh-born pirate from New York active in theIndian Ocean, best known for his indirect connection toRobert Culliford and for capturing a future Mayor ofNew York.
John Juliand. 17331716–1717Miskito originsRecorded as the first black pirate to operate in theNew World.[28]
James Kelly (James Gilliam)d. 1701to 1699EnglandActive in theIndian Ocean, Kelly was a long-time associate ofWilliam Kidd.
William "Captain" Kidd1645–17011695–1699ScotlandAlthough modern historians dispute the legitimacy of his trial and execution, the rumor of Captain Kidd's buried treasure has served only to build a legend around the man as a great pirate. His property was claimed by the crown and given to the Royal Hospital, Greenwich, byQueen Anne.[25][28][39][40][41][42]
Henry King (pirate)?1700UnknownHe is best known for attacking theslave shipJohn Hopewell, whose captured crew turned the tables and took his ship from him.
John King (pirate)c. 1706/9–17171716–1717EnglandAlthough not ever a captain, King joined the crew ofSamuel Bellamy when they boarded the ship he was on, and is one of the youngest known pirates on record. His age is disputed at anywhere from 8–11 years.
Montigny la Palisse?1720–1721FranceSailed in consort withBartholomew Roberts.
Robert Laned. 17191719UnknownWas given command of a prize ship byEdward England, which was lost offBrazil with all hands.
Thomas Larimore?1677–1706Colonial AmericaActive in theCaribbean and off the eastern seaboard of the American colonies. After helping suppressBacon's Rebellion and serving as a militia leader he turned to piracy, operating alongsideJohn Quelch.
Peter Lawrence?1693–1705NetherlandsDutch pirate andprivateer active offNew England andNewfoundland, and in theCaribbean. His and other pirates' dealings withRhode Island's governors nearly led to the colony losing its charter.
John Leadstone / "Old Captain Crackers"?1704–1721UnknownA pirate and slave trader active off the west coast of Africa. Often called "Captain Crackers" or "Old Captain Cracker," he is best known for his actions against the EnglishRoyal African Company and for his brief involvement withBartholomew Roberts.
Francois Le Saged. 16941682–1694France or NetherlandsPirate andbuccaneer active in theCaribbean and off the coast of Africa. He is primarily associated with fellow buccaneersMichiel Andrieszoon andLaurens de Graaf.
Francis Leslie (pirate)?1717–1718EnglandHe is best known as one of the leaders of the "Flying Gang" of pirates operating out ofNew Providence.
Olivier Levasseur (Oliver La Buse)1688–17301716–1730FranceNicknamed "la Buse" (the Buzzard) for the speed with which he attacked his targets, Levasseur left behind a cryptic message that has yet to be deciphered fully today.[25][28]
Samuel Liddell?1716UnknownA pirate,privateer, and merchant active in theCaribbean. He is best known for sailing alongsideHenry Jennings.
Edward "Ned" Low1690–17241721–1724EnglandA pirate known for his vicious torture, his methods were described as having "done credit to the ingenuity of theSpanish Inquisition in its darkest days".[25][28]
George Lowtherd. 1723to 1723EnglandActive in theCaribbean and theAtlantic, one of Lowther's lieutenants includedEdward Low.[25][28]
Matthew Luke (Matteo Luca)d. 17221722ItalyA pirate and SpanishGuarda Costa active in theCaribbean.
Philip Lyned. 17261725–1726UnknownKnown for his cruelty and his association with Francis Spriggs.
Duncan Mackintoshd.16891686-1689EnglandPirate who cruised the East Indies, the Indian Ocean, and the coast of Africa, Captain to some ofWilliam Dampier's former crew.
John Martel?1716–1718EnglandEnglish pirate active in theCaribbean.
Simon Mascarino?1701–1721PortugalAPortuguese pirate active in theCaribbean. He was also aprivateer in service of theSpanish.
John Massey (pirate)d.17231708-1723EnglandRoyal African Company military officer. He is best known for leaving his post in Gambia along with his soldiers to sail with pirateGeorge Lowther.
William May?1689–1700UnknownActive in the Indian Ocean. He was best known for taking over William Kidd's ship Blessed William and sailing with Henry Every.
Edward Miller?1718–1720EnglandEnglish pirate active in theCaribbean.
Christopher Moodyd. 17181713–1718EnglandActive off North and South Carolina, Moody offered no quarter to captured crews, signified by his flying of a red standard.[28] Often conflated with William Moody.
William Moody (pirate)d. 17181717–1718EnglandHe is best known for his association withOlivier Levasseur andThomas Cocklyn, crewmembers who succeeded him as captains in their own right. Often conflated with Christopher Moody.
Thomas Mostyn (sea captain)?1695-1716EnglandSea trader between Madagascar and New York, Captain toRobert Allison andHendrick van Hoven.
Captain Napin?1717–1718UnknownA pirate active in theCaribbean and off the American east coast. He is best known for sailing alongsideBenjamin Hornigold.
Thomas Nichols?1717–1718UnknownA pirate active in theCaribbean and off the American east coast. He is best known as a leader among the "Flying Gang" of pirates operating out ofNew Providence.
Richard Noland?1717–1724IrelandHe was best known for sailing withSamuel Bellamy before working for theSpanish.
John Norcross1688–17581715–1727EnglandEnglishJacobite pirate and privateer who sailed in service toSweden.
Nathaniel Northb. 16721689–1709BermudaActive in theIndian Ocean andRed Sea, North served with other famous contemporaries, includingJohn Bowen andGeorge Booth.
Amaro Pargo1678–16951703–1737SpainHe was one of the most famous pirates of thegolden age of piracy, and one of the most important personalities of the 18th century Spain.
Ignatius Pell?1718-1724EnglandPirate who served as boatswain toStede Bonnet, later commanded his own vessel.
Major Penner?1718UnknownPirate captain active in theCaribbean. Kept his title of "Major" instead of "Captain."
Thomas Pennistond. 17061704–1706UnknownAprivateer who operated out ofNew England. He was known for sailing alongsideAdrian Claver andRegnier Tongrelow.
James Plantainearly 18th century1725–1728JamaicaPlantain ruled the island ofMadagascar between 1725 and 1728, primarily through fear, and was known as the "King of Ranter Bay".[25]
Daniel Porter?1718–1721UnknownPirate and trader active in theCaribbean. He is best known for his associations withBenjamin Hornigold andBartholomew Roberts.
John Pried. 17271727UnknownA mutineer and minor pirate in theCaribbean.
John Prod. 17191690s–1719NetherlandsBest known for leading a pirate trading post nearMadagascar.
John Quelch1666–17041703–1704EnglandQuelch was the first person tried for piracy outside England under Admiralty Law and therefore without a jury.
John Rackhamd. 17201720EnglandShort lived pirate best known for sailing with Anne Bonny and Mary Read.[25][28]
George Raynor1665–17431683–1694Colonial AmericaActive in the Red Sea. Before he was briefly a pirate captain, he was a sailor on the Batchelor's Delight which circumnavigated the globe with William Dampier.
Mary Readd. 17211720EnglandAlong withAnne Bonny, one of few known female pirates. When captured, Read escaped hanging by claiming she was pregnant, but died soon after of a fever while still in prison.[25][28]
William Readd. 17011701EnglandActive in theIndian Ocean nearMadagascar. He is best known for rescuing fellow pirate captainsJohn Bowen andThomas White.
Lieutenant Richards (pirate)?1718UnknownActive in theCaribbean and off theCarolinas. He is best known for sailing alongsideBlackbeard (Edward Teach / Thatch).
John Rivers (pirate)d. 17191686–1719EnglandA pirate best known for leading a settlement and trading post onMadagascar.
Bartholemew Roberts ("Black Bart")1682–17221719–1722WalesThe most successful pirate of the Golden Age of Piracy, estimated to have captured more than 470 vessels.[25][28][43]
Philip Roche (pirate)1693–17231721IrelandActive in the seas of northernEurope, best known for murdering the crews and captains of ships he and his men took over.
Tempest Rogers1672–17041693–1699EnglandA pirate trader active in theCaribbean and offMadagascar. He is best known for his association withWilliam Kidd.
Woodes Rogers1679–17321709–1710EnglandPlayed a major role in the suppression of pirates in theCaribbean.[25][28][44]
John Russell18th century1722–1723UnknownPirate active fromNova Scotia to the Caribbean to the African coast. He is best known for his association withEdward Low andFrancis Spriggs, and for his involvement with two well-known and well-documentedmaroonings.
Jasper Seagard. 17211719–1721EnglandActive in the Indian Ocean, best known for sailing with Edward England, Olivier Levasseur, and Richard Taylor.
Robert Semple (Richard Sample)d. 17191719UnknownWas given command of a prize ship byEdward England, which was run ashore and captured offBrazil.
Abraham Samueld.17051696-1705MadagascarKnown as "Deaan Tuley-Noro" or "Tolinar Rex," a mulatto pirate of the Indian Ocean. Briefly led a combined pirate-Antanosy kingdom fromFort Dauphin, Madagascar (modern Tôlanaro).
Giles Shelleyd.17101690s-1699EnglandA pirate trader active between New York and Madagascar. His trips greatly enriched colonial merchants while angering officials.
Richard Shiptond. 17261723–1726UnknownActive in the Caribbean, best known for sailing alongside Edward Low and Francis Spriggs.
James Skyrmed. 17221720–1722WalesA Welsh pirate best known for captaining two of Bartholomew Roberts' prize ships.
Francis Spriggsd. 1725to 1725EnglandAlong withGeorge Lowther andEdward Low, Spriggs was primarily active in theBay of Honduras during the early 1720s.
Daniel Stillwell?1715–1718EnglandA minor pirate in theCaribbean, best known for his association withBenjamin Hornigold.
Ralph Stoutd. 16971692–1697UnknownActive in the Indian Ocean. He is best known for rescuing fellow pirate Robert Culliford after each of them spent separate 4-year periods in Mughal Empire prisons.
Thomas Sutton1699–17221719–1722ScotlandActive off the coast of Africa. He was best known for sailing alongside Bartholomew Roberts.
John Swann (pirate)?1698–1699UnknownA minor pirate in theIndian Ocean, known almost entirely for speculation about his relationship withRobert Culliford.
John Taylorearly 18th centuryEnglandAtReunion Island, Taylor is reputed to have captured the most valuable prize in pirate history.[25]
Thomas Tewd. 16951692–1695EnglandDespite only going on two pirate voyages, Tew pioneered a route later known as thePirate Round.[25][28]
Captain Thompsond. 17191719CubaActive in theCaribbean. He is primarily known for a single incident involvinggrenades.
John Thurber1649–1717 (or 1625–1705)1685–1693UnknownLast name also Churcher, he was a pirate trader and slave trader active offMadagascar. He is best known for his role in introducingrice to America as a staple crop and export commodity.
Regnier Tongrelow?1704–1705France or NetherlandsA prolificprivateer who operated out ofNew England. He captured a large number of ships over a short career, sending most back toNew York, and was known for attacking the largest ships he could find.
Richard Tookerman1691–17231718–1723EnglandAs a pirate, smuggler, and trader active in theCaribbean and theCarolinas, he became best known for involvement with piratesStede Bonnet andBartholomew Roberts.
Rais Hamidou1770–18151790–1815AlgiersAn Algerian privateer, later admiral who captured several ships during his career.
Turn Joe?1717IrelandIrish pirate andprivateer who left English service and sailed for Spain instead as aguarda costa privateer in theCaribbean.
Charles Vane1680–17211716–1721EnglandDisliked due to his cruelty, Vane showed little respect for thepirate code, cheating his crew out of their shares in the takings.[25][28]
Hendrick van Hovend. 16991698–1699NetherlandsAbuccaneer and pirate active in theCaribbean. He was known as "the grand pirate of theWest Indies."
Thomas Vaughan (pirate)d.16961692-1696IrelandIrish pirate and privateer who sailed for France during theNine Years' War. His trial was notable as a test of English common law against admiralty law.
John Vidal?1727Ireland / Colonial AmericaA minor Irish-American pirate briefly active near Ocracoke Inlet off North Carolina. He is best known for bringing the Farley family with him, causing Martha Farley to be one of the few women tried for piracy.
Thomas Waked. 16961694–1696Colonial AmericaBest known for sailing alongside Thomas Tew to join Henry Every in the Indian Ocean, hunting the Moghul treasure fleet.
Richard Want?1692–1696Colonial AmericaActive in the Indian Ocean. He is best known for sailing alongside Thomas Tew and Henry Every.
James Weatherhilld. 17031693CaribbeanA privateer and pirate active inKing William's War.
Brigstock Weaver?1720–1725UnknownHe is best known for his association with fellow piratesThomas Anstis andBartholomew Roberts.
Edward Welch (pirate)d.17081691-1708American coloniesBest known for leading a pirate settlement and trading post at Madagascar.
John West (pirate)?1713–1714UnknownA minor pirate in theCaribbean, best known for his association withBenjamin Hornigold.
Joseph Wheeler (pirate)?1696–1698UnknownHe is best known for sailing alongsideDirk Chivers andRobert Culliford.
Thomas Whited. 17081698–1708EnglandHe was only briefly a captain on his own but served under several more prominent captains such asGeorge Booth,John Bowen,Thomas Howard,John Halsey, andNathaniel North.
David Williams (pirate)d. 17091698–1709WalesWelsh sailor who turned pirate after being abandoned onMadagascar. He was only briefly a captain, and is best known for sailing under a number of more prominent pirate captains.
Paulsgrave Williams?1716–1723Colonial AmericaA pirate who sailed theCaribbean, American eastern seaboard, and offWest Africa. He is best known for sailing alongsideSamuel Bellamy.
Christopher Winter?1716–1723EnglandEnglish pirate active in theCaribbean. He is best known for sailing in Spanish service and launching the career ofEdward England.
Nicholas Woodall?1718UnknownHe is best known for his involvement withCharles Vane andBenjamin Hornigold.
Edward Woodman?1692–1706Colonial AmericaA pirate active in theIndian Ocean and theCaribbean.
Richard Worleyd. 1719to 1719EnglandCredited as one of the first pirates to fly theskull and crossbones pirate flag.[25]
Emanuel Wynnearly 18th centuryFranceWas the first pirate to fly the "skull and crossbones"Jolly Roger. His design also incorporated an hourglass below the skull.[25]
Charles Yeats?1718UnknownHe is best known for sailing alongside and then abandoningCharles Vane.

Post Golden Age: pirates, privateers, smugglers, and river pirates: 1730–1885

[edit]
Luis Brion, Dutch privateer active in the Caribbean before joining as admiral ofSimon Bolivar army
Hippolyte Bouchard, oil on canvas byJosé Gil de Castro
Jean Lafitte
Gregor MacGregor in theBritish Army, painted byGeorge Watson, 1804
Francisco de Miranda by Martin Tovar y Tovar
Narciso Lopez, Venezuelan filibuster
John A. Murrell, known as the "Great Western Land Pirate," ran an American gang of river pirates and highwaymen along theMississippi River
William Walker, American filibuster
NameLifeYears ActiveCountry of originComments
José Joaquim Almeida1777–18321812–1832PortugalPortuguese Barbary corsair who fought in the Anglo-American War of 1812 and the Argentine War of Independence.
Peter Alston1765–18041797–1804United StatesRiver pirate, highwayman, and counterfeiter, son of counterfeiter,Philip Alston, alias James May, who was believed to be an associate of theSamuel Mason andMicajah "Big" Harpe andWiley "Little" Harpe.
Philip Alston1740 or 1741–after 17991770?–1799?United StatesRiver pirate and counterfeiter, an associate of the counterfeiterJohn Duff and father of river pirate, highwayman, and counterfeiter,Peter Alston.
François Aregnaudeau1774–18131810–1821FranceBreton who commanded a number of privateers, most notablyBlonde, andDuc de Dantzig. In them he captured numerous prizes. He andDuc de Dantzig disappeared without at trace around the end of 1812. Their disappearance gave rise to an unsubstantiated gruesomeghost ship legend.
Louis-Michel Aury1788–18211810–1821FranceFrench privateer, served the Republics of Venezuela and Mexico. InAmelia island Aury created an administrative body called the "Supreme Council of the Floridas",[45] directed his secretariesPedro Gual Escandón andVicente Pazos Kanki[46] to draw up a constitution,[47] and invited all Florida to unite in throwing off the Spanish yoke.
Joseph Bakerd. 18001800CanadaThe single piratical action of his career consisted of an unsuccessful attempt to commandeer thesloopEliza.[48]
Renato Beluche1780–18601803–1823Louisiana, New SpainA known associate of the Lafitte Brothers active in the Caribbean before joiningSimon Bolivar army in his fight for South American independence.
Hippolyte Bouchard1780–18371817–1819FranceA French and Argentine sailor who fought for Argentina,Chile andPeru.[49]
Luis Brion de Trox1782–18211806–1821CuraçaoDutch privateer, served to the Republics of Venezuela and Great Colombia.
Flora Burnfl. 17411740s–1750sEnglandFemale pirate active mainly off the East coast ofNorth America from 1741.
Cabeza de Perro1800 – ??SpainWas aSpanishpirate. His physical characteristics earned him his nickname, which translates toDog Head.
Henri Caesarearly 19th century1805–1830HaitiHaitian pirate supposedly active in the Caribbean during the early 19th century. Historical existence is doubtful.
Eric Cobham and Maria Lindsey1700–17601720s–1740sEnglandCobham and his wife, Maria, were primarily active in theGulf of St. Lawrence.
James Copeland1823–18571830s–1857United StatesA leader of a gang of pirates, smugglers, and outlaws in southern Mississippi and southern Alabama, around Mobile, known as the Wages and Copeland Clan.
Richard Coyled. 17381738EnglandHe is known for a single incident involving the murder of the Captain of the shipSt. John.
Joaquin Crespo1841–18981888VenezuelaIn 1888 A group of Crespo revolutionaries entered the steamerBolívar, anchored in Port of Spain, Trinidad, to capture it and invade Venezuela to overthrow the President Rojas Paúl, but were discovered and forced to disembark. Another group, waiting on land, began an assault and battle against the crew. British soldiers, with fixed bayonets, boarded and subdued the Venezuelan revolutionaries. From Trinidad, Crespo fled toSaint Thomas, then a DanishVirgin Island. In Charlotte Amalie, Crespo attempted to invade Venezuela aboard the schoonerAna Jacinta. Defeated by the government off shore of Curaçao, he was imprisoned in La Rotunda prison, later pardoned by President Rojas Paúl with the promise of a temporary retirement from politics. He devoted himself to tending his ranch, before going into exile in Peru.
Jacob Pettersson Degenaar1692–17661740sSweden
Sadie Farrell (Sadie The Goat)?1869United StatesAn Irish American New York City river pirate and the criminal leader of theCharlton Street Gang in 1869; likely a folklore story.
James Ford1770?–18331799?–1833United StatesA civic leader and business owner in westernKentucky and southernIllinois, secretly, was the leader of a gang of river pirates and highwaymen, along theOhio River, known as the "Ford's Ferry Gang."
Hezekiah FrithEarly 19th century1790s–1800sBermudaBritish ship owner and smuggler known as Bermuda's "gentleman privateer". Alleged to have used his business as a cover to withhold cargo sized in privateering expeditions and amass a small fortune.
Vincent Gambid. 1820ItalyA pirate based out ofNew Orleans, he was an associate ofJean Lafitte.
José Gaspar (Gasparilla)1756–18211783–1821SpainSpanish naval officer who turned to piracy and operated from a base insouthwest Florida. Although Gaspar is a popular figure in local folklore and was the inspiration forTampa'sGasparilla Pirate Festival, there is no evidence of his existence.[50]
Leoncio Prado Gutiérrez1853–18831876–1877PeruPrado a Peruvian mariner with Cuban revolutionaries seized the Spanish shipMoctezuma in the Caribbean sea at North of La Hispaniola. Renamed asCespedes failed to liberate Cuba under Spanish rule. Realizing how the ship remained in the hands of the royalist navy, Prado ordered his men to leave and lit a barrel of gunpowder inside of the ammunition storage facilities.
Catherine Hagerty andCharlotte Badgerearly 19th century1806EnglandAustralian convicts. Among a group of convicts taken on board a shorthanded ship as crew. The convicts commandeered the ship and sailed for New Zealand. Hagerty was put ashore and died, Badger was never seen again.[51]
Micajah and Wiley HarpeBefore 1768–1799 (Micajah)
Before 1770–1799 (Wiley)		1775?–1799 (Micajah)
1775?–1804 (Wiley)		United StatesAmerica's first knownserial killers, wereLoyalists in theAmerican Revolution, as well as,river pirates andhighwaymen, who preyed on travelers along theOhio River and the waterways ofTennessee,Kentucky, andIllinois. The Harpe Brothers were associates ofSamuel Mason andPeter Alston.
Pugsy Hurley1846–after 18861865?–after 1886United StatesEnglish-born American burglar, river pirate and underworld figure inNew York City during the mid-to late 19th century. An old time thief from the old Seventh Ward, he was also a well-known waterfront thug whose criminal career lasted over two decades. He especially gained notoriety as a member of thePatsy Conroy Gang.
Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalahimah1760–18261780–1826KuwaitThe most famous pirate in the Persian Gulf, he ruled overQatar andDammam for short periods and fought alongside the Wahhabis against the Al-Khalifa tribe of Bahrain.[52]
Bill Johnston1782–18701810–1860United StatesNicknamed "Pirate of theThousand Islands".
Edward Jordan1771–18091794–1809CanadaIrish rebel, fisherman and pirate of Nova Scotia.
Jørgen Jørgensen1780–18411807–1808DenmarkDanish adventurer and writer, he was captured by the British as a privateer during theNapoleonic Wars.[53]
Jean Lafittec. 1776–1826?1803–1815
1817–1820s		FranceFrench pirate (or privateer) active in theGulf of Mexico during the early 1800s. A wanted fugitive by theUnited States, he later participated, during theWar of 1812, in theBattle of New Orleans on the side ofAndrew Jackson and the Americans. In 1822, Lafitte approached the navy of Gran Colombia and Simon Bolivar granted a commission and given a new ship, a 40-ton schooner namedGeneral Santander.
Pierre Lafitte1770–18211803–1821FranceFrench pirate, and lesser-known brother of Jean Lafitte, active mainly in the Gulf of Mexico.
Narciso Lopez1797–18511850–1851VenezuelaVenezuelan adventurer, enlisted in United States about six hundred filibusters and successfully reached Cuba in May 1850 to liberate the island from Spanish Crown rule. His troops took the town ofCárdenas, carrying a flag that López had designed, which later became the banner of modern Cuba. After another failed attempt to free Cuba he was executed inHavana by the royalists in 1851.
Sam Hall Lord1778–18441800s–1840sBarbadosSam Lord was one of the most famous buccaneers on the island ofBarbados.
Kazimierz Lux1780–18461803–1819PolandThe Polish Pirates of the Caribbean. After fighting against aslave rebellion in Haiti, Lux started a career of piracy – shooting and boarding an American brig was one of his more spectacular successes; the vessel was later sold for 20,000 francs in Havana.[clarification needed]
John Macferson?1731-1732EnglandMinor English pirate active in the Atlantic. He is best known for a single incident involving a Portuguese ship, and for being one of the last pirates of the Golden Age.
Gregor MacGregor1786–18451810–1830ScotlandA Scottish adventurer, soldier and land speculator who fought in the Venezuelan and New Granadan struggle for independence. In 1817, led an army of only 150 men in an assault on Amelia Island, Florida. After his return to Britain in 1820, he claimed to be cacique of Poyais a fictional Central American country that MacGregor had invented which, with his promotional efforts, drew investors and eventually colonists.
Francisco de Miranda1750–18161806VenezuelaVenezuelan militar and adventurer, who organized in 1806 a private expedition fromNew York with the intention of liberate Venezuela from Spanish rule. On April 28 of 1806 the small fleet was overtaken by Spanish warships off the coast of Venezuela. Only theLeander escaped escorted by HMSLilly. TheBackus andBee were captured with all the revolutionaries. Sixty men were put on trial for piracy and Ten were sentenced to death inPuerto Cabello. TheLeander and the expeditionary force regrouped on the British islands of Barbados and Trinidad. The new expedition assisted by Royal Navy ships landed atLa Vela de Coro on August 3, captured the fort and raised the tricolor flag for the first time on Venezuelan soil. Before dawn the next morning the expeditionaries occupiedCoro, but found no support from the city residents and Miranda returned to England.
Samuel Mason1739–1803to 1803United StatesInitially, aRevolutionary WarPatriot captain in theOhio County, Virginia militia and an associatejudge andsquire in Kentucky, Mason later, ran a gang of highway robbers and waterways river pirates.
John A. Murrell1806?–1844to 1834United StatesNear-legendary bandit, known as the "Great Western Land Pirate," ran a gang of river pirates and highwaymen along theMississippi River.
José Antonio Páez1789–18731849VenezuelaGeneralJosé Antonio Páez exiled inCurazao invades Venezuela from La Vela de Coro on July 2, 1849, and penetrates as far as Cojedes plains with the support of León de Febres Cordero and his sonRamón Páez with the aime of overhthron the Jose Tadeo Monagas government. Santiago Mariño and José Gregorio Monagas surround Páez's forces. Juan Antonio Sotillo defeats Lorenzo Belisario and Nicasio Belisario at the Manapire Pass on July 17, has their bodies decapitated, and sends the heads to President José Tadeo Monagas. Sotillo also defeated Felipe Macero and José Antonio Páez's rearguard was attacked at the Battle of Casupo, forcing him to capitulate in Macapo to General José Laurencio Silva. In violation of the capitulation, Páez and his men were arrested by Joaquín Herrera.

Páez was exiled in 1850 and did not return until 1858 from New York to involve in theFederal War. In 1861, Páez returned to power as president and supreme dictator, but ruled for only two years before again returning to exile in New York.

Robert Surcouf1779–18231789–1808FranceFrench privateer and slave trader who operated in the Indian Ocean between 1789 and 1801, and again from 1807 to 1808, capturing over 40 prizes, while amassing a large fortune as a ship-owner, both from privateering and from commerce.
Rachel Wall1760–17891781–1782Province of PennsylvaniaRachel and her husband George Wall were active off theNew Hampshire coast until George and the crew were washed out to sea. She was hanged inBoston on 8 October 1789.
William Walker1824–18601852–1860United StatesAmerican lawyer, journalist and adventurer, who organized several private military expeditions into Latin America, with the intention of establishing English-speaking colonies under his personal control. Walker became president of theRepublic of Nicaragua in 1856 and ruled until 1857, when he was defeated by a coalition of Central American armies. He was executed inTrujillo by the government of Honduras in 1860.
Alexander White1762–17841784East Coast of AmericaHanged for piracy inCambridge, Massachusetts in November 1784.[54]
Dominique You1775–18301802–1814HaitiAcquired a reputation for daring as a pirate. Retired to become a politician inNew Orleans.

Renegades of the West Indies: 1820–1830

[edit]
The last of the successful Caribbean pirates,Roberto Cofresí underwent one of the broadestmythifications among Hispanic pirates.
NameLifeYears activeCountry of originComments
Mansel Alcantra (Alcantara)fl. 18291820sSpainIn 1829, he captured theTopaz offSt. Helena and had the entire crew murdered.
Roberto Cofresí1791–18251818–1825Puerto RicoConsidered the "last of the [successful] West India pirates", Cofresí avoided capture by the navies of six nations for years and became the final target of the West Indies Anti-Piracy Operations.[55] After beingcaptured by the Puerto Rican militia, he claimed to have a stash of 4,000 pieces of eight hidden, which he tried to use as a bribe.[56]
Diabolito (Little Devil)d. 1823CubaCuban-born pirate active in theCaribbean during the early 19th century. He was one of the first pirates to be hunted down by CommodoreDavid Porter and theMosquito Fleet during the early 1820s.
Charles Gibbs1798–18311816–1831United StatesOne of the last pirates active in the Caribbean, and one of the last people executed for piracy by the United States.[57]
"Don" Pedro Gilbert1800–18341832–1834ColombiaTook part in the last recorded incident of piracy in Atlantic waters.[58][59]
Benito de Soto1805–18301827–1830SpainThe most notorious of the last generation to attack shipping on the Atlantic Ocean.
Jacque Alexander Tardy1767–18271817–1827France

Piracy in East and Southeast Asia: 1400–1860

[edit]
Ching Shih, fromChina, the most successful female pirate and one of the world's most powerful pirates in history.
Chui A-poo, a powerful 19th-centuryQingChinese pirate
NameLifeYears ActiveCountry of originComments
Chen Zuyi−140715th centuryChinaBased operations in Palembang, Sumatra and raided theMalacca Strait. Eventually captured by Ming admiralZheng He.
Limahong1499–157516th centuryChinaPirate-warlord who raided the coast of Southern China, the northernPhilippine Islands and Manila in 1574.
Wang Zhi−156016th centuryChinaSmuggler turned head of pirate syndicate, raided from Japan to Thailand.
Lin Daoqian−1580s16th centuryChinaLed pirate attacks along the coast ofGuangdong andFujian. Driven toTaiwan by the Ming navy commanderYu Dayou.
Tuanku Abbasearly 19th centuryto 1844Malay ArchipelagoThe brother of arajah ofAchin, known for his sponsoring and leading of pirate raids.
Eli Boggs1810–18571830–1857United StatesPirate who sailed inChinese junk for smuggling.
Cheng Id. 1807to 1807ChinaA pirate on the Chinese coast in the 18h and 19th centuries.
Cheung Po Tsaiearly 19th centuryto 1810ChinaActive along theGuangdong coast and is said to have commanded a fleet of 600 junks.
Ching Shihd. 18441807–1810ChinaA prominent female pirate in lateQing China. She was a prostitute who married a pirate and rose to prominence after his death. Regarded as one of the most powerful pirates in human history, she commanded her husband's fleet after his death. While the fleet she inherited was already large, she further increased the number of ships and crew. At its height, her fleet was composed of more than 1,500 ships and 80,000 sailors. She controlled much of the waters of theSouth China Sea. After years of piracy during which she defeated several attempts to capture her, theQing government offered her peace in 1810 and she was able to retire. She married her second-in-command.[60]
Chui A-pood. 1851?1840s–1850ChinaBased inBias Bay east of Hong Kong, Chui preyed on merchant ships in theSouth China Sea until his fleet was defeated by theRoyal Navy in 1849.[61]
Abdulla al-Hadjd. 18431800sEngland/ArabiaEnglish pirate primarily known for his activity in the South China Sea[62]
Shap Ng-tsaifl. 1840s1845–1849ChinaCommanded around 70 junks in theSouth China Sea before retiring and accepting a pardon from the Chinese government.

Blackbirders, Shanghaiers, Crimps and African Slave Traders: 1860–1900

[edit]
NameLifeYears ActiveCountry of originComments
Nathaniel Gordon1826–18621860United StatesThe first and only American slave trader to be tried, convicted, and executed "for being engaged in the Slave Trade" in accordance with thePiracy Law of 1820.[63]
Bully Hayes1829–18771850–1877United StatesThe Pirate of theSouth Sea, was a notoriousblackbirder in the South Pacific, and was described as "the last of the Buccaneers".
Albert W. Hicks1820–18601860United StatesNew York waterfront thug who killed the 3-man crew of an oyster sloop after beingshanghaied. He was the last man hung for piracy in the United States.
James "Shanghai" Kelly1830–18921850–1870United StatesA legendary figure inSan Francisco history who owned several boarding houses and saloons, Kelly was renowned for his ability to supply men to understaffed ships. He was reported to have shanghaied 100 men for three ships in a single evening, by hosting a freebooze cruise to celebrate his "birthday", then servingopium-laced whiskey to knock out his guests.[64]
Joseph "Bunko" Kellyd. aft. 19081879–1894EnglandThe "King of the Crimps" inPortland, Oregon, he shanghaied over 2,000 men in all. In 1893, he delivered 20+ men who had mistakenly consumedembalming fluid from the open cellar of amortuary. The ship sailed off before the captain realized most of the men were dead.[65]
Pedro Ñancupel1837–18881870s–1888ChileAPilgerodendron lumberjack turned pirate who was active inGuaitecas Archipelago and otherarchipelagoes of Patagonia in the 1870s and 1880s. Ñancupel was captured inMelinka in 1886 and bought into justice inAncud the same year. After escaping from detainment in Ancud he was captured once again and executed by firing squad on November 11, 1888. He was said at the time to have killed 99 persons.
Ben Pease1837–18701860–1870United StatesANew England sea captain who kidnappedPacific Islanders aboard thePioneer, providing labor for the plantations ofFiji. WhenBully Hayes was arrested for piracy inSamoa, Pease helped him to escape. When next thePioneer returned to port, Hayes was at the helm, and was rumored to have killed Pease during a fight.

Piracy from the 20th–21st century: 1901–

[edit]
NameLifeYears activeCountry of originComments
Asad 'Booyah' Abdulahi1966–1998–SomaliaSomali pirate boss, active in capturing ships in theGulf of Aden andIndian Ocean for ransoms.[66]
Román Delgado Chalbaud1882–19291929VenezuelaOn 11 August 1929 Delgado Chalbaud led the steamshipFalke, (renamedGeneral Anzoátegui for the occasion) intoCumaná in a failed attempt to overthrow Venezuelan dictator Juan Vicente Gomez. After landing in Cumana the expeditionary force of 250–300 men soon ran into problems by government troops. Delgado was killed on the first day, and on 24 August, the leaders of the expedition surrendered.[67][68] Venezuela's roving diplomat in Europe,José Ignacio Cárdenas, had reported on the planned expedition, which helped defeat it.[69]
Rafael de Nogales Méndez1879–19361902VenezuelaWith the support of president Zelaya ofNicaragua, Nogales participated in a failed attempt to overthrow Venezuelan dictatorCipriano Castro involving an expedition aboard of schoonerLa Libertad. The forces landed in La Guajira peninsula but were defeated by general Antonio Davila in Carazua.
Paul del Rio1943–20151963VenezuelaOn 13 February 1963, Paul del Rio at the age of 19 was the leader of a Venezuelan revolutionary group, the Armed Forces of National Liberation, that seized the Venezuelan cargo shipAnzoategui in the Caribbean, in a failed attempt to overthrow PresidentRomulo Betancourt. Involving 25 men, the ship was hauled off to the Brazilian coast, evading both the Venezuelan Navy and the U.S. Navy.
Henrique Galvão1895–19701961PortugalOn January 22, 1961, Henrique Galvão led theSanta Maria hijacking, also known asOperation Dulcinea. The Portuguese revolutionaries isolated the vessel by cutting off all communication, and killed one officer and wounded several others. Galvão used the hijacking to send radio broadcasts from the ship calling attention to his concerns and views on what he characterized as President Salazar's regime offascism. The liner evaded both theU.S. Navy and BritishRoyal Navy for eleven days before docking safely atRecife, Brazil.
Abdul Hassan1969–2005–SomaliaSomali pirate nicknamed "the one who never sleeps". Leader of the 350-men strong group "Central Regional Coast Guard", active in capturing ships for ransoms.[70][71]
Felix von Luckner1881–19661916–1917GermanyGerman navy officer nobleman privateer known by the epithetDer Seeteufel (the Sea-Devil) – and his crew that ofDie Piraten des Kaisers (the Emperor's Pirates) – for his exploits in command of the sailingcommerce raiderSMS Seeadler (Sea Eagle) in 1916–17, duringWorld War I.
Jose Maria Ortega Martinez1859–19331920–1931VenezuelaIn 1921, Ortega Martinez along withFrancisco Linares Alcantara in Germany organized an attempted invasion of Venezuela to overthrow the Gómez dictatorship. In Kiel, they hired mercenaries and completed the purchase of two ships, the Odin and the Harrier. The conspiracy was discovered by the Gómez diplomatic agent, José Ignacio Cárdenas, and the ships were seized in Gibraltar. The expeditionaries were forced to flee to Mexico. In 1924, in New York, he again attempted to promote an armed invasion against Gómez with the purchase of the ship Gloucester. In Miami, he renamed it Angelita, however, the ship suffered a breakdown on the high seas and was forced to put in at Havana. In 1930, from Mexico, he again unsuccessfully attempted to promote an armed conspiracy against Gómez. Ultimately, after all his conspiratorial plans against Gómez failed, Ortega Martínez died in exile in Mexico City.
Manuel Antonio Matos1847–19291902–1903VenezuelaWith the support of the New York & Bermudez Company and Orinoco Steamship Company, in 1901 Matos participated in a failed revolution to overthrowVenezuelan dictatorCipriano Castro, involving an expedition from Trinidad aboard the steamshipBan Righ with men, weapons, ammunition for the revolutionary army. The forces landed in Coro, Paraguana peninsula, but were defeated in La Victoria by government forces on November 2, 1902.
Gustavo Machado Morales1898–19871929VenezuelaParticipated inRafael Simón Urbina's June 1929 taking ofFort Amsterdam inCuraçao, in another failed attempt to overthrow dictatorJuan Vicente Gómez, involving 250 men.[67] This attempt involved the kidnapping of the governor of Curaçao,Leonardus Albert Fruytier,[67] who was hauled off to invade Venezuela on the stolen American shipMaracaibo.[67] After this raid was defeated by Gómez forces, he went into exile in Colombia with Urbina and other revolutionaries.
Joseph Mortelmans1884–?1907–1908BelgiumJoseph Mortelmans, a 25-year-old seaman on theNueva Tigre, a 50-ton sailing ship registered and sailed under the Peruvian flag, forced the captain and mate into the water on 18 November 1907 after departingCallao.[72] He forced the other seaman, a youth named Skerritt, to help sail the ship to the west. The ship's name was changed to be theWhite Rose. The ship struck the reef ofAbemama in theGilbert Islands on 24 January 1908.[72] Skerritt disclosed the events as to the seizing of the ship and Mortelmans was charged with piracy and convicted in the Supreme Court ofSuva in Fiji. He served his sentence in a prison inNew South Wales, Australia, and was released in 1931.[72]
Abduwali Muse1990–2008–2009SomaliaOn 16 February 2011, Muse was a defendant in the first piracy trial in the United States in almost two centuries.
Peter de Neumann1917–19721941United KingdomSecond Officer aboard the RN prize vesselCriton (captured from theVichy French). Widely known as "The Man From Timbuctoo".[73][74]
"Roaring" Dan Seavey1865–19491900–1930United StatesActive as a "Timber Pirate", "Lake Pirate", and "Great Lakes Pirate", inWisconsin andMichigan, on theGreat Lakes.
Boysie Singh1908–19571947–1956TrinidadActive in the waters betweenVenezuela andTrinidad. Singh commonly attacked fishing boats, killing the crew and stealing the boat engine, before sinking the boat and selling the engine.[75]
Rafael Simón Urbina1897–19521929–1931VenezuelaParticipated inGustavo Machado Morales's June 1929 taking ofFort Amsterdam inCuraçao, involving 250 men.[67] This attempt involved the kidnapping of the governor of Curaçao,Leonardus Albert Fruytier, who was hauled off to invade Venezuela on the stolen American steamshipMaracaibo to overthrow the dictatorship of General Gomez.[67] After this raid was defeated by troops conducted by Leon Jurado, he went into exile in Colombia with Machado and other revolutionaries.[67] In October 1931, aboard the stolen American tankerProgresso with 137 Mexican braceros and 8 Venezuelans, it landed at Puerto Gutiérrez and took Capatárida being defeated once more by General Leon Jurado's troops, after which he fled the country again.

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Further reading

[edit]

Ancient World

[edit]
  • Abulafia, D.,The Boundless Sea: A Human History of the Oceans (2019)
  • Bulwer, Edward Lytton.Athens, Its Rise and Fall: With Views of the Literature, Philosophy, and Social Life of the Athenian People. New York: Harper & brothers Publishers, 1852.
  • Emanuel, J.P.,Black Ships and Sea Raiders: The Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Context of Odysseus' Second Cretan Lie (2017)
  • Fleming, R.,Britain after Rome. The Fall and Rise 400 to 1070 (2010)
  • Fouracre, P (ed).,The New Cambridge Medieval History. Volume I c. 500–c. 700; Hamerow, H.,The earliest Anglo-Saxon kingdoms; Lebecq, S.,The northern Seas (fifth to eighth centuries) (2005)
  • Haywood, J.,Dark Age Naval Power. A Reassessment of Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Seafaring Activity (1999)
  • Livy,History of Rome, Rev. Canon Roberts (translator), Ernest Rhys (Ed.); (1905) London: J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd.
  • Pearson, A.F.,Barbarian Piracy and the Saxon Shore; A reappraisal (2005)
  • Plutarch, "Aratus" inPlutarch's Lives, Arthur Hugh Clough (editor),John Dryden (translator). Two volumes. Modern Library; Modern Library Paperback Ed edition (2001).Downloadable version at Project Gutenberg. Vol. 2:ISBN 0-375-75677-9.
  • Polybius,Histories,Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (translator); London, New York. Macmillan (1889); Reprint Bloomington (1962).
  • Pritchett, William Kendrick.The Greek State at War. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1974.ISBN 0-520-02565-2
  • Rawlinson, George; Benjamin Jowett, Henry Graham Dakyns and Edward James Chinnock.Greek Historians: The Complete and Unabridged Historical Works of Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon and Arrian. New York: Random House Incorporated, 1942.
  • Rogozinski, Jan.Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996.ISBN 0-306-80722-X
  • Shaw, Philip.The Sublime. New York: Routledge, 2006.ISBN 0-415-26847-8
  • Strabo,Geography, translated by Horace Leonard Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. (1924). Books 8–9:ISBN 0-674-99216-4, Books 13–14:ISBN 0-674-99246-6.
  • Thirlwall, Connop.A History of Greece. London: Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, 1846.
  • Walbank, F. W.,Philip V of Macedon, The University Press (1940).
  • Waltari, Mika;The Etruscan (Turms kuolematon, 1955).
  • Wilkes, John,The Illyrians (Peoples of Europe), Blackwell Publishers, (1995)ISBN 0-631-19807-5.

Middle Ages

[edit]
  • Bono, Salvatore,Corsari nel Mediterraneo (Corsairs in the Mediterranean), Oscar Storia Mondadori. Perugia, 1993.
  • Bottling, Douglas.The Pirates. Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books Inc., 1978.
  • Bracker, Jörgen : Klaus Störtebeker – only one of them. The history of the Vitalienbrüder. In: Wilfried honour-break (Hrsg.): Störtebeker. 600 years after its death (Hansi studies; Bd. 15). Porta Alba publishing house, Luebeck 2001,ISBN 3-933701-14-7
  • Bradford, Ernle,The Sultan's Admiral: the Life of Barbarossa, London, 1968.
  • Currey, E. Hamilton,Sea-Wolves of the Mediterranean,, London, 1910
  • John of Fordun,Chronicle of the Scottish Nation. Edited byWilliam Forbes Skene, translated by Felix J.H. Skene. Reprinted, Llanerch Press, Lampeter, 1993.ISBN 1-897853-05-X
  • Knecht, R.J.Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.ISBN 0-521-57885-X
  • McDonald, R. AndrewOutlaws of Medieval Scotland: Challenges to the Canmore Kings, 1058–1266. Tuckwell Press, East Linton, 2003.ISBN 1-86232-236-8
  • Meier, D.,Seefahrer, Händler und Piraten im Mittelalter (2004)
  • Oram, Richard,David I: The King who made Scotland. Tempus, Stroud, 2004.ISBN 0-7524-2825-X
  • Rogozinski, Jan.Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996.ISBN 0-306-80722-X
  • Tschan, F.J.,Adam of Bremen. History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen (2002)
  • William of Newburgh,Historia rerum anglicarum, Book 1 Ch. 24,"Of bishop Wimund, his life unbecoming a bishop, and how he was deprived of his sight", Full-text online.
  • Wolf, John B.,The Barbary Coast: Algeria under the Turks, New York, 1979;ISBN 0-393-01205-0

Rise of the English Sea Dogs and Dutch Privateers: 1560–1650

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  • Andrade, Tonio.The Company's Chinese Pirates: How the Dutch East India Company Tried to Lead a Coalition of Pirates to War Against China, 1621–1662].
  • Bicheno, HughCrescent and Cross: The Battle of Lepanto 1571, Phoenix Paperback, 2004,ISBN 1-84212-753-5
  • Rachel Carley (2000).Cuba: 400 Years of Architectural Heritage. Watson-Guptill. p. 224.ISBN 0-8230-1128-3.
  • David Cordingly (1997).Under the Black Flag: The Romance and the Reality of Life Among the Pirates. Harvest Books. p. 320.ISBN 0-15-600549-2.
  • Currey, E. HamiltonSea-Wolves of the Mediterranean, London, 1910.
  • Earle, Peter (2003).The Pirate Wars.Methuen Publishing. p. 304.ISBN 0-413-75880-X.
  • Gerhard, Peter.Pirates of New Spain, 1575–1742. Mineola, NY: Courier Dover Publications, 2003.ISBN 0-486-42611-4
  • van der Hoven, Marco, ed.Exercise of Arms: Warfare in the Netherlands, 1568–1648. Brill Academic Publishers, 1997.ISBN 90-04-10727-4
  • Hughes-Hallett, Lucy.Heroes: A History of Hero Worship. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 2004.ISBN 1-4000-4399-9.
  • Kupperman, Karen Ordahl.Providence Island, 1630–1641: The Other Puritan Colony. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.ISBN 978-0-521-55835-8
  • Lane, Kris E.Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas, 1500–1750. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1998.ISBN 0-7656-0257-1
  • Lunsford, V.W.,Piracy and Privateering in the Golden Age Netherlands (2005)
  • Manthorpe, Jonathan.Forbidden Nation: A History of Taiwan. New York, 2005.
  • Mattingly, Garett,The Defeat of the Spanish Armada,ISBN 0-395-08366-4 – a detailed account of the defeat of the Spanish Armada, it received a special citation from the Pulitzer Prize committee in 1960.
  • Maxwell, Kenneth.Naked Tropics: Essays on Empire and Other Rogues. London: Routledge, 2003.ISBN 0-415-94576-3
  • Mcgrath, John Terrence.The French in Early Florida: In the Eye of the Hurricane. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000.ISBN 0-8130-1784-X
  • Michael, Franz.The Origin of Manchu Rule in China. Baltimore, 1942.Journal of World History, 2004 Dec.; 15(4):415–44.
  • Miguel de Cervantes, in chapter XXXIX of his classicEl Ingenioso HidalgoDon Quijote de la Mancha, mentions Uluç Ali under the name of "Uchali", describing briefly his rise to the regency of Algiers.
  • Rodger, N.A.M.The Safeguard of the Sea; A Naval History of Britain 660–1649. (London, 1997).
  • Roding, Juliette and Lex Heerma van Voss, ed.The North Sea and Culture (1550–1800). Larenseweg, Netherlands: Uitgeverij VerLoren, 1996.ISBN 90-6550-527-X
  • Rogozinski, Jan.Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996.ISBN 0-306-80722-X
  • Schmidt, Benjamin.Innocence Abroad: The Dutch Imagination and the New World, 1570–1670. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.ISBN 0-521-80408-6
  • Stradling, R.A.The Armada of Flanders: Spanish Maritime Policy and European War, 1568–1668 (Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History).Cambridge University Press, 1992.ISBN 978-0-521-40534-8 (issued in paperback 2004,ISBN 978-0-521-52512-1)
  • Wolf, John B.The Barbary Coast: Algeria under the Turks, W.W. Norton, New York/London, 1979,ISBN 0-393-01205-0.

Age of the Buccaneers: 1650–1690

[edit]
  • The Pirates of the Caribbean II in Tortuga in the XVII Century Tortuga, 1918.
  • Haring, Clarence.The Buccaneers in the West Indies in the XVII Century. Methuen, 1910.
  • Walpole, Horace,Letters, Volume 4 (atProject Gutenberg)
  • Lunsford, V.W.,Piracy and Privateering in the Golden Age Netherlands (2005)
  • Marley, David F. Pirates and Privateers of the Americas. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1994.
  • Morris, Mowbray.Tales of the Spanish Main. Kessinger Publishing, 2005.ISBN 1-4179-5373-X
  • Riccardo Capoferro,Frontiere del racconto. Letteratura di viaggio e romanzo in Inghilterra, 1690–1750, Meltemi, 2007.
  • Rogozinski, Jan.Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996.ISBN 0-306-80722-X
  • Rogozinski, Jan.Pirates: an A–Z Encyclopedia. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996.
  • The Voyages and Adventures of Capt. Barth. Sharp and Others in the South Sea, Being a Journal of the Same; Also Capt. Van Horn with His Buccanieres Surprising of La Veracruz; to Which Is Added the True Relation of Sir Henry Morgan His Expedition Against the Spaniards in the West-Indies and His Taking Panama; Together with the President of Panama's [i.e., Juan Perez de Guzman] Account of the Same Expedition, Translated Out of the Spanish; and Col. Beeston's Adjustment of the Peace Between the Spaniards and English in the West Indies. London: Printed by B.W. for R.H. and S.T. and are to be sold by Walter Davis..., 1684.
  • TheOxford Dictionary of National Biography

Golden Age of Piracy: 1690–1730

[edit]
  • Andrews, Thomas F. (editor) (1979)English Privateers at Cabo San Lucas: the Descriptive Accounts of Puerto Seguro by Edward Cooke (1712) and Woodes Rogers (1712), with Added Comments by George Shelvocke (1726) and William Betagh (1728). Dawson's Book Shop, Los Angeles.
  • Bolster, W. Jeffrey.Black Jacks: African American Seamen in the Age of Sail.
  • Breverton, Terry (2003)The Book of Welsh Pirates and Buccaneers. Glyndwr Publishing.ISBN 1-903529-09-3
  • Cooke, Edward (1712)A Voyage to the South Sea and Round the World. 3 vols. Lintot, London
  • Ellms, Charles (1837)The Pirate's Own Book: Authentic Narratives of the Most Celebrated Sea Robbers. Portland ME: Sanborn & Carter (reissued: New York: Dover Publications 1993ISBN 0-486-27607-4)
  • Gilbert, H. (1986)The Book of Pirates. London: Bracken Books.
  • Johnson, Charles (1724)A General History of the Pyrates. 2 vols. London: Charles Rivington
    • Johnson, Charles (1724)A General History of the Pyrates, from their First Rise and Settlement in the Island of Providence, to the Present Time... 2nd ed. London: Printed for, and sold by, T. Warner
    • Johnson, Charles (1724)A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pirates (1998 ed.). Conway Maritime Press.ISBN 978-0-85177-732-0.
    • Johnson, Charles (1728)The History of the Pirates: containing the lives of Captain Mission.... London: Printed for, and sold by, T. Woodward, 1728.
  • Little, Bryan (1960)Crusoe's Captain: Being the Life of Woodes Rogers, seaman, trader, colonial governor. London: Odhams Press
  • Lunsford, V.W.,Piracy and Privateering in the Golden Age Netherlands (2005)
  • Menefee, S. P. "Vane, Charles," inOxford Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 56 (2004): pp. 94–95.
  • Pennell, C. R. (2001)Bandits at Sea: a Pirates Reader. New York: NYU PressISBN 0-8147-6678-1
  • Pickering, David (2006)Pirates. CollinsGem. New York: HarperCollins Publishers; pp. 80–82
  • Rediker, Marcus (2004)Villains of All Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age. Boston: Beacon PressISBN 0-8070-5024-5
  • Rogers, Woodes (1712)A Cruising Voyage Round the World. London: Andrew Bell
  • Rogozinski, Jan (1996)Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend. New York: Da Capo PressISBN 0-306-80722-X
  • Rogozinski, Jan (2000)Honor Among Thieves: Captain Kidd, Henry Every, and the Pirate Democracy in the Indian Ocean. Stackpole BooksISBN 0-8117-1529-9
  • Seitz, Don Carlos, Gospel, Howard F. & Wood, Stephen (2002)Under the Black Flag: Exploits of the Most Notorious Pirates. Mineola, New York: Courier Dover PublicationsISBN 0-486-42131-7
  • Smith, Captain Alexander (1926)History of the Highwaymen. London: George Routledge & SonsISBN 0-415-28678-6
  • Steele, Philip (2004)The World of Pirates. Boston: Kingfisher PublicationsISBN 0-7534-5786-5
  • The Tryals of Major Stede Bonnet, and Other Pirates. London: Printed for Benj. Cowse at the Rose and Crown in St Paul's Church-Yard, 1719.

Decline of Piracy: 1730–1900

[edit]
  • Cordingly, David (1997).Under the Black Flag: The Romance and the Reality of Life Among the Pirates. Harvest Books.
  • Gregory, Kristiana.The Stowaway: A Tale of California Pirates. Scholastic Trade, 1995.ISBN 0-590-48822-8
  • Pickering, David. "Pirates". CollinsGem. HarperCollins Publishers, New York. pp. 96–97. 2006
  • Rothert, Otto A.The Outlaws of Cave-In-Rock, Otto A. Rothert, Cleveland 1924; rpt. 1996ISBN 0-8093-2034-7

External links

[edit]
Ancient World
Middle Ages
Rise of the English Sea Dogs and Dutch Privateers (1560–1650)
Age of the Buccaneers (1650–1690)
Golden Age of Piracy (1690–1730)
Decline of Piracy (1730–1900)
Piracy in the 20th and 21st centuries
Periods
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