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This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources. |
Thislist of notable organ transplant donors and recipients includes people who were the first to undergo certain organ transplant procedures or were people who made significant contributions to their chosen field and who have either donated or received anorgan transplant at some point in their lives, as confirmed by public information.
The list in this article can give the impression that we can only solve disease in ~35(see list below) of the ~90 organs we have in our body(seeList of organs of the human body ). However very often we only transplanted a part of the Organ (tissue), a few examples are:
- Hematopoietic stem cell / bone marrow transplant for Leukemia[1]
- Corneal epithelial (limbal stem cell) transplantation against, against Severe ocular‑surface disorders[2]
- Islet of Langerhans transplantation against Type 1 diabetes mellitus.[3]
Thinking of whole organ transplant as the only commonly used method of transplantation against disease would be insufficient. However listing all possible tissue transplants is beyond the scope of this article for now.
Survival statistics depend greatly on the age of donor, age of recipient, skill of the transplant center, compliance of the recipient, whether the organ came from a living or deceased donor and overall health of the recipient. Median survival rates can be quite misleading, especially for the relatively small sample that is available for these organs.[citation needed] Survival rates improve almost yearly, due to improved techniques and medications. This example is from the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS), the USA umbrella organization for transplant centers. Up-to-date data can be obtained from the UNOS website.[citation needed]
| Transplant Type | Median survival |
|---|---|
| Liver transplant | 16 years |
| Heart transplant | 10 years |
| Kidney transplant | 16 years |
| Column Name | Definition |
|---|---|
| No. | Sequential number of the entry in the list |
| Procedure | The name of the surgical or medical transplant/reconstruction procedure performed |
| Doctor in charge of transplant | The lead surgeon or medical practitioner responsible for the transplant or reconstruction |
| Name of recipient | The name of the patient who received the transplant, if known |
| Organ donated by | The source of the tissue or organ (e.g. autologous, living donor, deceased donor, synthetic) |
| Comments | Context, historical importance, or special notes about the procedure |
| Date of transplant | The year or estimated time the transplant took place |
| Country where the operation took place | The country in which the procedure first occurred |
| Survival / Outcome | How many years did the patient survive after having the procedure? |
| Reference | Primary sources, medical literature, or historical texts that document the event |
| No. | Procedure | Doctor in charge of transplant | Name of recipient | Organ donated by | Comments | Date of transplant | Country where the operation took place | Survival / Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nasal reconstruction (forehead flap) | Sushruta (ancient India) | Unnamed | Autologous tissue (forehead skin and flap) | Very early documented reconstruction using skin and tissue transfer; not a modern graft with blood supply restoration | Estimated ~1500–1000 BC | India | N/A (historical) | Various historical texts including *Sushruta Samhita* |
| 25 | Blood transfusion | Dr. James Blundell | Unnamed woman | Human donor (husband) | First successful human-to-human blood transfusion | 1818-01-01 | UK | Survived hemorrhage | [4] |
| 2 | First corneal transplant | Eduard Zirm | Alois Glogar | Karl Brauer | — | 1905-12-07 | Spain | — | [5] |
| 20 | Esophagus reconstruction (autologous) | Dr. Dan Gavriliu | Unnamed | Autologous (patient's stomach) | First use of stomach to reconstruct esophagus | 1951-04-20 | Survived | Dan Gavriliu | |
| 26 | Hair transplant (punch graft technique) | Dr. Norman Orentreich | Unnamed male | Autologous (own scalp) | First modern hair transplant; technique still in use | 1952-01-01 | Permanent hair growth | [6][7][8] | |
| 3 | First human kidney transplant | Joseph Murray | Richard Herrick | Ronald Herrick (twin brother) | — | 1954-12-23 | USA | Approx. 8 years | [9] |
| 22 | Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) | Dr. Ben Eiseman | Unnamed (4 patients) | Healthy donor stool | Used to treat pseudomembranous colitis | 1958-01-01 | Symptoms resolved | [10][11][12] | |
| 4 | First human liver transplant | Thomas Starzl | — | — | First transplant was unsuccessful; the first successful liver transplant was performed four years later | 1963-01-01 | USA | — | [13] |
| 5 | First human lung transplant | James D. Hardy | — | — | First transplant was unsuccessful; first successful lung transplant was in 1983 by Joel Cooper | 1963-01-01 | — | [13] | |
| 9 | First human pancreas transplant | Richard Lillehei and William Kelly | Anonymous young woman | — | Patient survived ~4.5 months; died of lung infection | 1966-12-16 | USA | ~4.5 months | [14][15][16] |
| 6 | First human heart transplant | Christiaan Barnard | Louis Washkansky | Denise Darvall | Washkansky survived only 18 days | 1967-12-03 | 18 days | [17] | |
| 16 | Larynx transplant | Dr. Marshall Strome | Tim Heidler | Deceased donor | First larynx transplant with speech recovery | 1998-01-01 | Yes | [1] | |
| 8 | First human hand transplant | Earl Owen and Jean-Michel Dubernard | Clint Hallam | — | Hand was removed by request of recipient after ~2.5 years | 1998-09-23 | — | [18] | |
| 21 | Esophagus transplant (experimental) | Dr. Francisco T. A. Leite et al. | Unnamed | Deceased donor / synthetic scaffold | Experimental in early 2000s; not standard | ~2003–2011 | Short-term survival | NIH[19][20][21][22][23] | |
| 10 | First partial human face transplant | Jean-Michel Dubernard and Bernard Devauchelle | Isabelle Dinoire | — | Body rejected parts of the graft; died due to complications and cancer | 2005-11-27 | 10 years | [24][25] | |
| 18 | Full face transplant | Dr. Joan Pere Barret | Óscar (surname withheld) | Deceased donor | First full face transplant (previous were partial) | 2010-03-01 | Yes | [2] | |
| 23 | Gut microbiota transplant (approved therapy) | Various (clinical trials) | Various | Healthy donor stool | Became FDA-approved for C. difficile | 2013-01-01 | Cure rate 80–90% | FDA[26][27][28] | |
| 14 | Uterus transplant (live birth) | Dr. Mats Brännström | Unnamed | Living donor | First successful live birth after uterus transplant | 2014-01-01 | Yes | [3] | |
| 12 | First human penis transplant | — | 21-year-old male | — | Performed after amputation due to circumcision complications | 2014-12-01 | — | [29] | |
| 15 | Penis + Scrotum + Abdominal Wall | Dr. W.P. Andrew Lee (Johns Hopkins) | Unnamed US veteran | Deceased donor | First transplant including external genitalia and abdominal wall | 2018-01-01 | Yes | [4] | |
| 17 | Trachea transplant | Dr. Eric Genden | Sonia Sein | Cadaveric donor | First long-segment trachea transplant | 2021-01-01 | Yes | [5] | |
| 24 | Synthetic/defined bacterial therapy | Finch, Seres Therapeutics | Various | Lab-grown bacteria | First FDA-approved microbiome therapy (Rebyota, Vowst) | 2023-01-01 | Approved (ongoing monitoring) | FDA[30][27][28][12] | |
| 13 | First xenotransplant (human heart from pig) | — | David Bennett Sr. | Genetically modified pig | First gene-edited pig heart to human; patient died ~2 months later | 2024-01-01 | 2 months | [31] | |
| 7 | First heart and lung transplant | — | Brenda Barber | — | UK's first successful heart-lung transplant | 1984 | 10 years | [17] | |
| 19 | Small intestine (bowel) transplant | Dr. Rainer W. G. Gruessner | Unnamed | Deceased donor | First successful small bowel transplant | 1988, Germany | Yes | [6] | |
| 11 | First transplant of a human organ grown from adult stem cells | — | — | First stem cell-derived organ transplant | — | [32][33][34][35][36] | |||
| 27 | vains | — | — | — | — | 2000s | — | [37] | |
| 28 | Thyroid | Patient with autoimmune adrenal insufficiency + diabetes | Deceased donor, adrenal graft en bloc with kidney | First reported simultaneous kidney–adrenal gland–pancreas transplantation (i.e., adrenal graft as part of composite) | — | 2013 (report published) | — | [38] | |
| 29 | Adreanal gland | Dr. Rainer W.G. Gruessner | — | — | — | — | — | [38] | |
| 29 | Spleen | Dr. Tomoaki Kato and Dr. Andreas Tzakis | — | — | — | — | — | [39] | |
| 30 | Bladder | — | — | — | — | May 4, 2025 | — | [40] | |
| 31 | Arterie | — | — | — | — | 2000s | — | [41][42] | |
| 32 | Nerves | — | — | — | — | — | — | [43] | |
| 33 | Tongue | [44] | |||||||
| 34 | teeth |
| Procedure | Doctor in charge of transplant | Name of recipient | Organ donated by | Comments | Date of transplant | Survival | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal reconstruction (forehead flap) | Sushruta (ancient India) | Unnamed | Autologous tissue (forehead skin and flap) | Very early documented reconstruction using skin and tissue transfer; not a modern graft with blood supply restoration | Estimated ~1500–1000 BC | N/A (historical) | Various historical texts includingSushruta Samhita |
| First corneal transplant | Eduard Zirm | Alois Glogar | Karl Brauer | December 7, 1905 | [5] | ||
| First human kidney transplant | Joseph Murray | Richard Herrick | Ronald Herrick (twin brother) | December 23, 1954 | Approx. 8 years | [9] | |
| First human liver transplant | Thomas Starzl | First transplant was unsuccessful. The first successful liver transplant was performed by Starzl four years later. | 1963 | [13] | |||
| First human lung transplant | James D. Hardy | First transplant was unsuccessful. The first successful lung transplant was performed in 1983 by Joel Cooper. | 1963 | [13] | |||
| First human heart transplant | Christiaan Barnard | Louis Washkansky | Denise Darvall | Transplant was only good for 18 days. Washkansky died on December 21, 1967. | December 3, 1967 | 18 days | [17] |
| First Heart and Lung Transplant | Brenda Barber | 1984 - UK's first successful heart and lung transplant | 1984 | 10 years | |||
| First human hand transplant | Earl Owen andJean-Michel Dubernard | Clint Hallam | The transplanted hand was removed at request of recipient after about two and a half years on February 2, 2001. | September 23, 1998 | [18] | ||
| First human pancreas transplant | Richard Lillehei andWilliam Kelly | Anonymous "young woman" | Patient survived for4+1⁄2 months and died in May 1967 of a lung infection and pneumonia. | December 16, 1966 | [14][15][16] | ||
| First partial human face transplant | Jean-Michel Dubernard andBernard Devauchelle | Isabelle Dinoire | Dinoire's body rejected the transplant in 2015 and she lost part of the use of her lips. The daily immunosuppressive drugs she was required to take left her vulnerable to cancer which later claimed her life. | November 27, 2005 | 10 years | [24][25] | |
| First transplant of a human organ grown from adult stem cells | [32][33][34][35][36] | ||||||
| First human penis transplant | Transplant was done to a 21-year-old male with penis amputation due to problem ofcircumcision before. | December 2014 | [29] | ||||
| First Human Heart Transplant with non human heart/XenoTransplantation | David Bennett Sr. | Genetically modified pig. Done AtMaryland University Medical School. | January 2024 | 2 months | [31] |
| Procedure | Doctor in charge of transplant | Name of recipient | Organ donated by | Comments | Date of transplant | Survival | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uterus | Dr. Mats Brännström | Unnamed | Living donor | First live birth after uterus transplant | 2014, Sweden | Yes | https://www.gu.se/en/news/worlds-first-child-born-after-uterus-transplantation |
| Penis + Scrotum + Abdominal Wall | Dr. W.P. Andrew Lee (Johns Hopkins) | Unnamed U.S. veteran | Deceased donor | First extensive transplant including genitalia and lower abdominal wall (scrotum transplanted, no testicles to avoid donor DNA) | 2018, Johns Hopkins (USA) | Yes | https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/newsroom/news-releases/johns-hopkins-performs-first-total-penis-and-scrotum-transplant-in-the-world |
| Larynx | Dr. Marshall Strome | Tim Heidler | Deceased donor | First successful human larynx transplant with speech recovery | 1998, Cleveland Clinic, USA | Yes | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02714347 |
| Trachea | Dr. Eric Genden | Sonia Sein | Cadaveric donor | First long-segment trachea transplant using cadaveric donor segment | 2021, Mount Sinai, USA | Yes | https://www.anesthesiologynews.com/Clinical-Anesthesiology/Article/05-21/Mount-Sinai-Team-Performs-First-Successful-Trachea-Transplant/63367 |
| Full Face | Dr. Joan Pere Barret | Óscar (surname withheld) | Deceased donor | Firstfull face transplant (previous were partial) | March 2010, Barcelona, Spain | Yes | https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/first-full-face-transplant |
| Small Intestine (Bowel) | Dr. Rainer W. G. Gruessner | Unnamed | Deceased donor | First successful small bowel transplant | 1988, Kiel, Germany | Yes | https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/873619 |
| Procedure | Doctor in charge of transplant | Name of recipient | Organ donated by | Comments | Date of transplant | Survival / Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esophagus (reconstruction using stomach tissue) | Dr. Dan Gavriliu | Unnamed | Autologous (patient's stomach) | First successful surgical replacement of the esophagus using stomach to bypass esophageal damage | April 20, 1951, Romania | Patient survived; procedure became a surgical milestone in GI reconstruction | Wikipedia – Dan Gavriliu |
| Esophagus (cadaveric transplant – experimental) | Dr. Francisco T. A. Leite et al. | Unnamed (human and animal models) | Deceased donor / synthetic scaffold | Experimental donor/synthetic esophagus transplants began in early 2000s; mixed results, not standard practice | ~2003–2011 (experimental phase) | Short-term survival in some animal/human trials; long-term failure due to graft necrosis | NIH |
| Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) | Dr. Ben Eiseman | Unnamed (4 patients) | Healthy donor stool | First modern recorded FMT to treat pseudomembranous colitis | 1958, USA | All 4 patients had resolution of colitis symptoms; long-term survival not documented | Eiseman B. et al., Surgery, 1958 |
| Gut microbiota transplant (clinical approval) | Various (standardized trials) | Various | Healthy donor stool | FMT became clinically accepted treatment for recurrentClostridioides difficile | 2013 FDA guidance; widespread in 2010s | Cure rate of ~80–90% in clinical trials; patients followed for months to years | FDA |
| Synthetic/Defined Bacterial Consortium Therapy | Finch Therapeutics, Seres Therapeutics | Various | Lab-grown bacterial cultures (no donor stool) | First FDA-approved live biotherapeutics for microbiome restoration (e.g., Rebyota, Vowst) | 2023, USA | Approved after trials showing reduced recurrence of infection at 8 weeks; long-term monitoring ongoing | FDA Approval – Rebyota, Vowst |
| Blood transfusion (first successful) | Dr. James Blundell | Unnamed woman (postpartum hemorrhage) | Human donor (husband) | First successful human-to-human blood transfusion | 1818, London, UK | Patient survived initial hemorrhage; long-term outcome not recorded | BMJ – Blundell's work |
| Hair transplant (punch graft technique) | Dr. Norman Orentreich | Unnamed male patient with male pattern baldness | Autologous (back of patient's scalp) | First modern hair transplant using punch grafting, basis for modern technique | 1952, USA | Grafts were retained permanently; patient showed sustained hair growth for decades | Orentreich N. 1959 |
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| Penis + Scrotum + Abdominal Wall | Dr. W.P. Andrew Lee (Johns Hopkins) | Unnamed U.S. veteran | Deceased donor | First extensive transplant including genitalia and lower abdominal wall (scrotum transplanted, no testicles to avoid donor DNA) | 2018, Johns Hopkins (USA) | Yes | https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/newsroom/news-releases/johns-hopkins-performs-first-total-penis-and-scrotum-transplant-in-the-world |
| Name | Life | Comments | Date of transplant | Survival | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mandy Patinkin | (1952–) | Actor. He suffered fromkeratoconus, a degenerative eye disease, in the mid-1990s. This led to two corneal transplants; his right cornea in 1997, and his left in 1998. | 1997, 1998 | [45] | |
| Nicholas Currie, also known asMomus | (1960–) | Scottish musician, journalist, and performance artist. Underwent transplant after infection fromacanthamoeba keratitis, resulting in improved vision. | 1999 |
See alsoCategory:Heart transplant recipients
| Name | Life | Comments | Date of transplant | Survival | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robert Altman | (1925–2006) | Film Director. Announced the transplant at the78th Academy Awards in 2005 while accepting his Lifetime Achievement Oscar. Altman said, "I'm here under false pretenses … Eleven years ago I had a heart transplant, a total heart transplant. I got the heart of, I think, a young woman who was in about in her late thirties. By that kind of calculation you may be giving this award too early because I think I've got about 40 years left." | 1995 | 11 years | [46] |
| Kurtis Blow | (1959–) | Rapper. He received a heart transplant on December 6, 2020. | 2020 | [47] | |
| Robert P. Casey | (1932–2000) | 41stGovernor of Pennsylvania. Announced that he needed a rare heart/liver transplant due to a rare genetic condition in which proteins invade and destroy major bodily organs. Shortly after the announcement, Casey received the heart and liver from a 35-year-oldAfrican-American male who was killed in an auto accident nearErie, Pennsylvania. The short time between the announcement and the operation lead to accusations that Casey was secretly placed on the top of the waiting list, along with sparking anurban legend that the donor was "killed" by thePennsylvania State Police in order to "harvest" the organs. | 1993 | 6 years | |
| Dick Cheney | (1941–2025) | Vice President of the United States 2001–2009. Received his heart transplant on March 24, 2012, at Inova Fairfax Hospital | March 24, 2012 | 13 years | [48] |
| Erik Compton | (1979–) | American professional golfer | 1992, 2008 | [49] | |
| Glen Gondrezick | (1953–2009) | American basketball player, formerly in theNBA, and broadcaster. | September 20, 2008 | 7 months | [50] |
| Jonathan Hardy | (1940–2012) | New Zealand actor. Starred as voice of Rygel onFarscape; wrote the screenplay forBreaker Morant and was nominated for an Academy Award. | 1988 | 24 years | |
| Billy T. James | (1948–1991) | New Zealand comedian and entertainer. | 1989 | 2 years | [51] |
| Simon Keith | (1965–) | British Professional Footballer. Recognized as the first athlete to play a professional sport after undergoing a heart transplant. | 1986, 2019 | 35 years | |
| Eddie Large | (1941–2020) | British comedian. One half of the comedy duoLittle and Large. | 2002 | 18 years | |
| Mussum | (1941–1994) | Brazilian actor, singer and comedian. | July 12, 1994 | 17 days | [52] |
| Norton Nascimento | (1962–2007) | Brazilian actor. | December 19, 2003 | 4 years | [54] |
| Kelly Perkins | (1961–) | Author and noted world-class mountain climber who has set world records as the first ever heart transplant recipient to scale the most famous mountains in the world. | 1995 | [56] | |
| Jerry Richardson | (1938–2023) | American businessman and principal owner of theNFL'sCarolina Panthers. | February 1, 2009 | 14 years | [57] |
| Sandro | (1945–2010) | Argentine singer and actor. He died after complications of aheart–lung transplant. | November 20, 2009 | 45 days | [58] |
| Carroll Shelby | (1923–2012) | American entrepreneur famous for his race car driving and automotive developments in designing the cult-classic Shelby Cobras and Ford's Shelby Mustang. Carroll Shelby received a heart transplant in 1990, then in 1996, a living donor kidney transplant from his son. Carroll died May 10, 2012, at the age of 89. | Heart: 1990; Kidney: 1996 | Heart: 22 years; Kidney: 16 years | [59] |
| Cal Stoll | (1923–2000) | American football player and coach. | Heart: 1987 | Heart: 13 years | [60] |
| Frank Torre | (1931–2014) | American baseball player, brother ofJoe Torre. | Heart: 1996; Kidney: 2007 | Heart: 18 years; Kidney: 7 years |
See alsoCategory:Kidney transplant recipients
| Name | Life | Comments | Date of transplant | Survival | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erma Bombeck | (1927–1996) | Comedian. Diagnosed withpolycystic kidney disease. She was on the transplant list prior to her diagnosis with breast cancer, and was removed from the list while being treated as is standard procedure. She was placed back on the list after her treatment was completed, and died from complications of the transplant surgery. | April 3, 1996 | 20 days | [citation needed] |
| Steven Cojocaru | (1965–) | Fashion critic and member ofEntertainment Tonight. In November 2004 he announced that he was suffering frompolycystic kidney disease and would require akidney transplant. He underwent transplant surgery on January 14, 2005, after his friend Abby Finer donated one of her kidneys. Later, the kidney became infected by a virus, and in June 2005 he underwent a second operation to have the new kidney removed. On August 17, he announced that his body was free of the viral infection and that he was ready to find a new transplant. He then received a second kidney transplant, which was donated by his mother. | 2005 | [61][62] | |
| Natalie Cole | (1950–2015) | Singer-songwriter | May 20, 2009 | 6 years | [63] |
| Gary Coleman | (1968–2010) | Actor who played Arnold onDiff'rent Strokes. Received two separate kidney transplants, one in 1973 and another in 1984. | 26 years (from second transplant) | [64] | |
| Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland | (1973–) | Prince ofSweden, husband ofVictoria, Crown Princess of Sweden and formerpersonal trainer andgym owner. Underwent a kidney transplant atKarolinska University Hospital, his father was the donor. | May 27, 2009 | [65] | |
| Lucy Davis | (1973–) | Actress best known for playing the characterDawn Tinsley in the BBC comedy,The Office. Kidney received in 1997, which was donated by her mother. | 1997 | [66] | |
| Kenny Easley | (1959–) | FormerNFL player | June 7, 1990 | [67] | |
| Aron Eisenberg | (1969–2019) | Actor,Star Trek: Deep Space Nine | December 29, 2015 | 4 years[68][circular reference] | [69] |
| Sean Elliott | (1968–) | NBA basketball star. The kidney was donated by his brother. Elliott made history by returning to play in the NBA following his surgery. | August 16, 1999 | [70] | |
| Selena Gomez | (1992–) | Actress and singer. The kidney was donated by Gomez's best friend, actressFrancia Raisa. | 2017 | [71] | |
| Jennifer Harman | (1964–) | Poker player; only woman to win two open events in theWorld Series of Poker. Had two separate kidney transplants. | [72] | ||
| Ken Howard | (1932–) | English artist who was president of theNew English Art Club from 1998 to 2003. | 2000 | [73] | |
| Ivan Klasnić | (1980–) | Croatian internationalfootballer. After kidney failure in late 2006, he underwent an unsuccessful transplant in January 2007, followed by a successful one from his father two months later. He returned to action withWerder Bremen in November, and played atEuro 2008, becoming the first kidney transplant patient to play in a major football finals. | March 13, 2007 | [74][75] | |
| Jimmy Little | (1937–2012) | Australian country/rock artist. | February 2004 | 8 years | [76] |
| Jonah Lomu | (1975–2015) | New ZealandAll Blacksrugby union player. The kidney was donated by Wellington radio presenter Grant Kereama. Lomu came back to professional rugby in 2005, though not with his past success. | July 28, 2004 | 11 years | [77] |
| George Lopez | (1961–) | Actor-comedian and star of theGeorge Lopez TV series. Kidney transplant from his wife, Ann Lopez, in April 2005 | April 2005 | [78] | |
| Sarah Hyland | (1990–) | American actress. | April 13, 2012 | [79] | |
| Tracy Morgan | (1968–) | American actor and comedian. | December 2010 | [80] | |
| Alonzo Mourning | (1970–) | NBA basketball star. Like Elliott, Mourning returned to play in the NBA following his surgery; he retired in January 2009, not having played since 2007 due to a serious leg injury. | December 19, 2003 | [81] | |
| Kerry Packer | (1937–2005) | His long-serving helicopter pilot, Nick Ross, donated one of his own kidneys to Packer for transplantation. | 2000 | 5 years | [82] |
| Charles Perkins | (1936–2000) | Australiansoccer player,Aboriginal activist and government minister. | 1972 | 28 years | [84][85] |
| Billy Preston | (1946–2006) | An American soul musician from Houston, Texas, raised mostly in Los Angeles, California. | 2002 | 4 years | |
| Neil Simon | (1927–2018) | His long-time publicist, Bill Evans. | 2004 | 14 years | [83] |
| Ron Springs | (1956–2011) | FormerNFL player. Kidney donated by formerDallas Cowboys teammateEverson Walls. | February 28, 2007 | See footnote[86] | |
| Tina Turner | (1939–2023) | Singer and Actress. Kidney donated by husband Erwin Bach. | 2014 | May 24, 2023 |
See alsoCategory:Liver transplant recipients
| Name | Life | Comments | Date of transplant | Survival | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eric Abidal | (1979–) | French footballer. | April 10, 2012 | [89] | |
| Gregg Allman | (1947–2017) | American musician best known as the leader ofThe Allman Brothers Band. | June 23, 2010 | 7 years | [90] |
| George Best | (1946–2005) | Northern Irish football player. | July 30, 2002 | 3 years | [91] |
| David Bird | (1959–2014) | American journalist; underwent transplant as a result of contractinghepatitis | 2004 | 10 years | [92] |
| Jack Bruce | (1943–2014) | British musician most famous as a member of the 1960s bandCream. Diagnosed with liver cancer several months before the transplant. | September 19, 2003 | 11 years | [93] |
| Robert P. Casey | (1932–2000) | 41stGovernor of Pennsylvania. Received new liver during same operation in which he received a new heart. | 1993 | 6 years | |
| David Crosby | (1941–2023) | Rock-folk musician most famous as a member ofThe Byrds andCrosby, Stills, & Nash. | November 1994 | 28 years | [94][95][96] |
| Gerald Durrell | (1925–1995) | Founder ofJersey Zoo, author, television presenter, conservationist | 28 March 1994 | 9 months approx | [97] |
| Shelley Fabares | (1944–) | Actress and singer who starred on the sitcomCoach. | 2000 | [98] | |
| Freddy Fender | (1937–2006) | Acountry, androck and roll musician. Diagnosed with hepatitis C in 2000. | 2004 | Approximately 2 years | [99][100][101] |
| Superstar Billy Graham | (1943–) | A formerprofessional wrestler. Had a liver transplant after his was destroyed by hepatitis C, which he suspects was caught throughblood spilt during a match. | 2002 | [99][102] | |
| Larry Hagman | (1931–2012) | Actor, best known for playingJ.R. Ewing on the soap operaDallas | 1995 | 17 years | [103] |
| Steve Jobs | (1955–2011) | American businessman; cofounder and CEO ofApple Inc. and former CEO ofPixar. In 2004, he had a cancerous tumor removed from his pancreas. | April 2009 | 2 years | [104] |
| Chris Klug | (1972–) | Professional snowboarder who received a liver transplant to treatprimary sclerosing cholangitis. Went on to compete in the2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. This was the first, and so far only time, a transplantee had competed in the Olympics, either the Winter or Summer Olympics. | 2000 | [105] | |
| Evel Knievel | (1938–2007) | Astuntperson, best known for his public displays of long distance, high-altitudemotorcycle jumping. He had a liver transplant as a result of hepatitis C, which he believed was contracted during an operation. | January 29, 1999 | Almost 9 years | [99][106][107] |
| Phil Lesh | (1940–2024) | Amusician and a founder member of the band theGrateful Dead, in which he playedbass guitar. He was diagnosed with hepatitis C in 1992. | 1998 | 26 years | [99][108] |
| Linda Lovelace | (1949–2002) | Apornographic actress, most notable for the movieDeep Throat (1972). She contracted hepatitis C from a blood transfusion after an automobile accident in 1969. | 1987 | 15 years | [99][109] |
| Mickey Mantle | (1931–1995) | Hall of Fame baseball player. Mantle died a couple of months later of liver cancer, which spread to his new liver. | 1995 | 2 months | [110] |
| Jim Nabors | (1930–2017) | Actor-singer-comedian, best known for playingGomer Pyle inThe Andy Griffith Show and its spinoffGomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. | 1994 | 23 years | [111] |
| John Phillips | (1935–2001) | Singer, guitarist, and songwriter, best known as founder and leader ofThe Mamas & the Papas. | 1992 | Approximately 9 years | [112] |
| Lou Reed | (1942–2013) | American rock musician and songwriter. | 2013 | 5 months | [113][114][115][116] |
See alsoCategory:Lung transplant recipients
| Name | Life | Comments | Date of transplant | Survival | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sandro | (1945–2010) | Argentine singer and actor. He died after complications of aheart–lung transplant. | November 20, 2009 | 45 days | [58] |
| Ann Harrison | (1944–2001) | Recipient and long term survivor of the world's first human double-lung transplant | November 26, 1986 | 15 years | [117] |
| Charity Sunshine Tillemann-Dick | (1983–2019) | American soprano. | September 2009 | 10 years | [118] |
| Name | Life | Comments | Date of Transplant | Survival | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lili Elbe | (1882–1931) | A Danish painter andtransgender women, she hoped to be able to conceive kids with hercis male partner. She received auterus transplant andvaginoplasty, but died from cardiac arrest afterpost-surgical infection. | 1931 | 3 months | [119] |
| Name | Life | Comments | Organ(s) donated | Date of transplant | Survival | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zell Kravinsky | (1954–) | American Investor known for donating over $45 million of his personal wealth to charity. Donated kidney to a stranger. | Kidney | [120] | ||
| Dick Cass | (1946–) | President of theBaltimore Ravens football team, donated kidney to law school friend | Kidney | [121] | ||
| Jake Garn | (1932–) | U.S. Senator/Space Shuttle specialist, donated a kidney to his daughter | Kidney | September 1986 | [122] | |
| Nicholas Green | (1987–1994) | American boy who was killed in Italy. His parents chose to donate his organs. | Various | October 1994 | N/A; organs donated upon death | [123] |
| Jon-Erik Hexum | (1957–1984) | American model and actor. | Heart, kidneys and corneas | October 1984 | N/A; organs donated upon death | [124] |
| Virginia Postrel | (1960–) | Donated kidney to her friendSally Satel | Kidney | March 2006 | [125][126] | |
| Dr. Rajkumar | (1929–2006) | Popular Indian film personality whodonated his eyes after death and inspired thousands others to pledge their eyes. | Eyes | April 2006 | N/A; organs donated upon death | [127] |
| Oscar Robertson | (1938–) | Basketball Hall of Famer. Donated kidney to his daughter Tia. | Kidney | 1997 | [128] | |
| Neda Soltan | (1983–2009) | Iranian martyr, a bystander at apolitical protest, her death was recorded by cell phone cameras. | Various | Circa June 20, 2009 | N/A; organs donated upon death | [129] |
| Angélico Vieira | (1982–2011) | Portuguese actor and singer. | Pancreas, liver and kidneys | Circa June 2011 | N/A; organs donated upon death | [130] |
| Everson Walls | (1959–) | FormerNFL player, donated kidney to formerDallas Cowboys teammateRon Springs. | Kidney | February 28, 2007 | [87] | |
| Olle Westling | (1945–) | Swedishsocionom andmunicipalcivil servant, donated kidney to his sonPrince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland. | Kidney | May 27, 2009 | [65] | |
| Justin Wilson | (1978–2015) | British racing driver. | Various | Circa August 2015 | N/A; organs donated upon death | [131] |
| Procedure | Doctor in charge of implant/device | Name of recipient | Organ/device implanted | Comments | Date of implant | Survival | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pacemaker (first implant) | Dr. Rune Elmqvist | Arne Larsson | Implantable cardiac pacemaker | First successful permanent implantable pacemaker | 1958, Sweden | Patient survived 43 years with device | https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1998/elmqvist/lecture/ |
| Artificial heart (Jarvik-7) | Dr. Robert Jarvik / Dr. William DeVries | Barney Clark | Jarvik-7 total artificial heart | First permanent total artificial heart implant | 1982, USA | Survived 112 days post-op | https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM198210073071901 |
| Insulin pump | Dr. Arnold Kadish (early models) | Various diabetic patients | Implantable insulin pump | Early implantable device for continuous insulin delivery | Late 1970s onwards | Varies | https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2015/05/15/dc15-0746 |
| Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) | Dr. Michel Mirowski | Former pilot | ICD device | First successful ICD implant to prevent sudden cardiac death | 1980, USA | Patient survived | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.CIR.88.2.569 |
| Artificial pancreas (closed-loop insulin delivery) | Various research teams | Various Type 1 diabetes patients | Artificial pancreas system (continuous glucose monitor + insulin pump) | First FDA-approved closed-loop system | 2016, USA | Ongoing clinical use | https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-automated-insulin-delivery-device |
| Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) | Dr. Michael DeBakey (early designs) | Various heart failure patients | LVAD pump | Mechanical circulatory support to bridge heart failure or transplant | First successful use 1966 onwards | Ongoing | https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007310.htm |
often multiple aritifical organ supports are needed to replace or subtitute a single human organ transplant
| No. | Procedure | Doctor in charge of implant/device | Name of recipient | Organ/device implanted | Supported / Replaced Organ / Tissue | Comments | Year | Country | Survival | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pacemaker (first implant) | Dr. Rune Elmqvist | Arne Larsson | Implantable cardiac pacemaker | Heart (electrical conduction) | First successful permanent implantable pacemaker | 1958 | Sweden | Patient survived 43 years with device | Nobel Prize Lecture |
| 2 | Artificial heart (Jarvik-7) | Dr. Robert Jarvik / Dr. William DeVries | Barney Clark | Jarvik-7 total artificial heart | Whole heart | First permanent total artificial heart implant | 1982 | USA | Survived 112 days post-op | NEJM |
| 3 | Insulin pump | Dr. Arnold Kadish (early models) | Various diabetic patients | Implantable insulin pump | Pancreas (insulin secretion) | Early implantable device for continuous insulin delivery | 1979 | Various | Varies | Diabetes Journals |
| 4 | Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) | Dr. Michel Mirowski | Former pilot | ICD device | Heart (electrical regulation) | First successful ICD implant to prevent sudden cardiac death | 1980 | USA | Patient survived | AHA Journals |
| 5 | Artificial pancreas (closed-loop insulin delivery) | Various research teams | Various Type 1 diabetes patients | Artificial pancreas system (CGM + insulin pump) | Pancreas (insulin/glucose regulation) | First FDA-approved closed-loop system | 2016 | USA | Ongoing clinical use | FDA Press Release |
| 6 | Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) | Dr. Michael DeBakey (early designs) | Various heart failure patients | LVAD pump | Heart (left ventricle / cardiac output) | Mechanical circulatory support to bridge heart failure or transplant | 1966 | Various | Ongoing | MedlinePlus |
| 7 | Artificial blood transfusion | NHS scientists / Dr. Nick Watkins (Team) | First clinical trial volunteers | Artificial blood (lab-grown red cells) | Blood (oxygen transport) | First use of lab-grown red blood cells in human trial | 2022 | UK | Ongoing trials | NHS News |
| 8 | Dialysis ("artificial kidney") | Dr. Willem J. Kolff | Surviving patient(s) in early series | Rotating‑drum dialysis device / artificial kidney | Kidney (filtration, waste removal) | One of first reliable devices to take over kidney filtration function | 1943 (early prototype) / later human use ~1948 | Netherlands / USA | One early patient survived ~7 years (see source) | [132] |
| 9 | Totalhip replacement (modern low-friction) | Sir John Charnley | (early hip patient) | Total hip prosthesis | Hip joint (mobility / support) | Breakthrough low-friction hip replacement design | 1962 | UK | Many long-term survivors; became standard of care | [133] |
| 10 | Exeter hip stem (cemented hip implant) | Prof. Robin Ling (with engineer Clive Lee) | (first Exeter implant) | Exeter hip prosthesis | Hip joint | One of the first taper‑stem cemented hip systems; excellent long-term outcome | 1970 | UK | ~92 % still non‑loosened at 33 years (in cohort) | |
| 11 | First total artificial heart (bridge) | Dr. Denton Cooley / Liotta | (early patient) | Liotta TAH | Heart (temporary replacement) | Early TAH as a bridge to transplant | 1966 | USA | Short‑term support | |
| 12 | Syncardia / pneumatic TAH (commercial) | SynCardia (Jarvik‑7 derivative) | Various end-stage heart failure patients | Syncardia total artificial heart | Whole heart | TAH approved for bridge-to-transplant use | 2000s / FDA BTT in 2014 | USA | Varies (bridge to transplant) | [134] |
| 13 | Carmat (bioprosthetic total artificial heart) | Dr. Alain Carpentier / Carmat team | (first human) | Carmat TAH | Whole heart | Fully implantable, self‑regulating artificial heart | 2013 first human implant | France | Support ~8 months, then heart transplant | |
| 14 | Aeson bioprosthetic total artificial heart | Mark Slaughter, Siddharth Pahwa (team) | Female first patient | Aeson bioprosthetic TAH | Whole heart | Investigational TAH used as bridge to transplant | 2021 | USA | Ongoing study | |
| 15 | Cultured skin graft / skin regeneration | Dr. Howard Green (and James Rheinwald lab) | Jamie & Glen Selby, burn patients | Lab‑grown skin graft (keratinocyte sheets) | Skin (epidermis / dermis regeneration) | Skin / epidermis (dermal / epidermal coverage)First therapeutic use of cultured human skin grafts for burn patients; allowed grafting when donor skin was insufficient (using patient's own cells) | ~1980s (first human use, small grafts; large scale in 1983 for severely burned children) | USA (Harvard / MIT / Boston) | The Selby boys survived and lived decades after the grafts; the grafting technique proved clinically viable | [135][136][137] |
| Continent | Organization Name | Countries Covered | Role / Description | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| North America | United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) | United States | National organ transplant network, allocation, registry | unos.org |
| Europe | Eurotransplant | Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Slovenia | Multinational organ allocation and transplant coordination | eurotransplant.org |
| Scandiatransplant | Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden | Nordic organ sharing network | https://www.scandiatransplant.org/ | |
| Organización Nacional de Trasplantes (ONT) | Spain | National organ donation and transplant authority; global leader in donation rates | ont.es | |
| Asia | Japan Organ Transplant Network (JOT) | Japan | National organ transplant network | jot.or.jp |
| Korea Network for Organ Sharing (KONOS) | South Korea | National organ transplant organization | konos.go.kr | |
| Indian Network for Organ Sharing (INOS) / National Organ & Tissue Transplant Organization (NOTTO) | India | National organ sharing and transplant coordination | notto.gov.in | |
| Africa | South African Transplant Society (SATS) | South Africa | National organ transplant coordination | sats.org.za |
| South America | Brazilian Transplant System (SNT) | Brazil | National transplant coordination system | gov.br/saude |
| Network Name | Region / Scope | Role / Description | Notes / Example | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alliance for Paired Donation (APD) | North America (USA, Canada) | Independent, nonprofit organization facilitating kidney paired donation chains outside of UNOS | Matches incompatible donor-recipient pairs across US and Canada | apd.org |
| Global Kidney Exchange (GKE) | International | A nonprofit facilitating cross-border paired kidney exchanges between countries with different economic statuses | Enables living donor kidney exchange across national borders | globalkidneyexchange.org |
| European Paired Exchange Programs | Europe | Some European countries collaborate in paired kidney exchange outside Eurotransplant framework | Example: UK National Living Donor Kidney Sharing Scheme (independent from Eurotransplant) | nhs.uk |
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