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List of official languages by country and territory

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is alist of official languages by country and territory. It includes all languages that haveofficial language status either statewide or in a part of the state, or that have status as anational language,regional language, orminority language.

Definitions

[edit]
Official language
A language designated as having a unique legal status in the state: typically, the language used in a nation's legislative bodies, and often, official government business.
Regional language
A language designated as having official status limited to a specific area, administrative division, or territory of the state. (On this page a regional language has parentheses next to it that contain a region, province, etc. where the language has regional status.)
National language
A language that uniquely represents the national identity of a state, nation, and/or country and is so designated by a country's government; some are technically minority languages. (On this page a national language is followed by parentheses that identify it as a national language status.) Some countries have more than one language with this status.

List

[edit]
Country/RegionNumber of
official
(including
de facto)		Official language(s)Regional language(s)Minority language(s)National language(s)Widely spoken
Abkhazia[a]2GeorgianAbkhaz
Afghanistan[1][2][3]2
Albania[4]1AlbanianItalian
Algeria[5]2French
Andorra1Catalan[6]
Angola[7]1Portuguese
Antigua and Barbuda1None (English hasde facto status)
Argentina2None at federal level (Spanish has de facto status)

Argentine Sign Language[8]

Armenia1ArmenianArmenian (state language)[12]Russian
Australia1None (English has de facto status)
Austria[13][14]1

German

German (state language)

English

Azerbaijan1AzerbaijaniAzerbaijani (state language)[15]Russian
Bahamas1English
Bahrain1ArabicEnglish
Bangladesh1BengaliBengali
Barbados1English
Belarus2BelarusianRussian
Belgium3
  • Dutch
  • French
  • German

English

Belize1EnglishGarifuna
Benin1French
Bhutan1Dzongkha
Bolivia[17]37
Bosnia and Herzegovina3None (Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian all have de facto status)[18]
Botswana1EnglishTswana
Brazil1

Portuguese[19]

95 municipalities and 3 Brazilian states have co-official languages, with 61 co-officialized languages.[20] The list can be seen atLanguages of Brazil.

Portuguese
Brunei1Malay
Bulgaria1Bulgarian
Burkina Faso4Working languages:
  • English
  • French
Burundi[21][22]3KirundiSwahili
Cambodia1Khmer
Cameroon2
  • English
  • French
Canada2
  • Chipewyan
  • Cree
  • Gwich'in
  • Inuinnaqtun
  • Inuktitut
  • Inuvialuktun
  • Mi'kmaq
  • North Slavey
  • South Slavey
  • Tłı̨chǫ
Cape Verde1PortugueseCape Verdean Creole
Central African Republic2
Chad2
  • Arabic
  • French
Chile1Spanish

Languages of ethnic groups are official in their territories[23]

China1Standard ChineseOtherSinitic languages
Christmas Island3
Cocos (Keeling) Islands2Malay
Colombia1SpanishLanguages of ethnic groups are official in their territories[24]
Comoros3
Democratic Republic of the Congo1French
Republic of the Congo1French
Cook Islands2
Costa Rica1Spanish
Croatia1Croatian
  • Italian (Istria County)
  • Romani (non-territorial)
  • Slovene (non-territorial)

English

Cuba1Spanish
Cyprus2English
Czech Republic2Czech
Denmark1DanishGerman (inSouthern Jutland)English
Djibouti2
  • Arabic
  • French
Dominica1English
Dominican Republic1Spanish
East Timor2
Ecuador[30]1
  • Spanish
Languages of ethnic groups are official in their territories
Egypt1ArabicCopticEgyptian ArabicEnglish
El Salvador1Spanish
Equatorial Guinea3
  • French
  • Portuguese
  • Spanish
Eritrea1Tigrinya
  • Arabic
  • Italian
Estonia1Estonian
  • English
  • Russian
Eswatini2
Ethiopia5
Fiji3
Finland2Sami (inEnontekiö,Inari,Sodankylä,Utsjoki)
  • Finnish
  • Swedish

English

France1French[31]Occitan language
Gabon1French
The Gambia1English
Georgia1GeorgianRussian
Germany1German[32]
  • Danish
  • Lower Sorbian
  • North Frisian
  • Romani[33]
  • Upper Sorbian

English

Ghana1English
Greece1Greek
Grenada1English
Guatemala1Spanish
Guinea1French
Guinea-Bissau1Portuguese
Guyana1EnglishGuyanese Creole
Haiti2
Honduras1Spanish
Hong Kong2
  • Cantonese
  • English
Hungary1Hungarian[34]
Iceland2
India2

22 official languages:[37]

No national language
Indonesia1IndonesianIndonesian
Iran1PersianPersian
Iraq2
Ireland[39]2Irish
Israel1HebrewArabicEnglish
  • Russian
  • English
Italy1Italian
  • Catalan (in Sardinia)
  • Slovene (in Friuli-Venezia Giulia)
  • Occitan (in Piedmont's Occitan valleys)
  • Albanian (in Sicily and Calabria)
  • Greek (in Calabria and Puglia)
OtherItalo-Dalmatian languages
Ivory Coast1French
Jamaica1EnglishJamaican PatoisJamaican PatoisJamaican Patois
Japan1None (Japanese has de facto status)Japanese
Jordan1Arabic
  • Circassian
  • Chechen
  • Armenian
Kazakhstan2Kazakh
Kenya2Swahili
Kiribati2
North Korea1Korean
South Korea2
Kosovo[a]2
  • Albanian
  • Serbian
Turkish
  • Albanian (nationwide)
  • Serbian (Northern Kosovo)
Kuwait1Arabic
Kyrgyzstan2Kyrgyz
Laos1LaoFrench
Latvia1Latvian[40][41]Russian
Lebanon1ArabicArabicArmenian
  • Arabic
  • English
  • French
  • Arabic
  • English
  • French
Lesotho2Sotho
Liberia1English
Libya1Arabic
Liechtenstein1German
Lithuania1Lithuanian
  • Polish
  • Russian
Luxembourg3Luxembourgish
  • English
  • Portuguese
Macau2
  • Cantonese
  • Portuguese
Madagascar2Malagasy
Malawi2
  • English
Chichewa
Malaysia1Malay[f]Regional/State dialectsMalay
Maldives1DhivehiDhivehiEnglish
Mali13French
Malta2Maltese
Sovereign Military Order of Malta[a]1Italian
Marshall Islands2
Mauritania1ArabicFrench
Mauritius2None (English has de jure status and French has de facto status)English
Mexico1None (Spanish has de facto status)68 National languages
Federated States of Micronesia1English
Moldova1Romanian
Monaco[43]1FrenchMonégasque
Mongolia1Mongolian
Montenegro1Montenegrin
Morocco2
  • Arabic
  • Berber
French
Mozambique1Portuguese
Myanmar (Burma)1BurmeseEnglish
Namibia[44]1EnglishAfrikaans
Nauru2
Nepal1Nepali[45]All languages spoken as the mother tongue in Nepal[46]
Netherlands1Dutch

English

New Zealand3
Nicaragua1SpanishInAutonomous Regions:
Niger1Hausa
Nigeria1English
  • English
  • Hausa
Niue2
Norfolk Island2
North Macedonia2
Northern Cyprus[a]1Turkish
Norway2

English

Oman1ArabicShehri
Pakistan2Urdu
Palau2
Palestine1Arabic
  • English
  • Hebrew
Panama1Spanish
Papua New Guinea4
Paraguay2
  • Spanish
  • Guaraní
Peru1SpanishQuechua,Aymara and other native languages are official wherever they predominate.
Philippines2
Poland1Polish

English

Portugal1PortugueseMirandese (Terra de Miranda)

English

Qatar1Arabic
Romania1Romanian
  • Armenian
  • German
  • Hungarian
  • Romani
  • Russian
  • Serbian
  • Slovak
  • Tatar
  • Turkish
  • Ukrainian
Russia1Russian
  • Ossetic
  • Ukrainian
  • Belarusian
  • Buryat
  • Kalmyk
  • Chechen
  • Ingush
  • Abaza
  • Adyghe
  • Tsakhur
  • Lezgian
  • Cherkess
  • Kabardian
  • Altai
  • Bashkir
  • Chuvash
  • Crimean Tatar
  • Karachay-Balkar
  • Khakas
  • Nogai
  • Tatar
  • Tuvan
  • Yakut
  • Erzya
  • Komi
  • Hill Mari
  • Meadow Mari
  • Karelian
  • Moksha
  • Veps
  • Ingrian
  • Ludian
  • Udmurt
Rwanda4Kinyarwanda
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic[a]2
  • Arabic
  • Spanish
Arabic
Saint Kitts and Nevis1English
Saint Lucia1English
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines1English
Samoa2
San Marino1Italian
São Tomé and Príncipe1Portuguese
Saudi Arabia1Arabic
  • Indian Languages
  • Filipino
  • Bengali
Senegal1French
Serbia1Serbian(15 languages)
Seychelles3
Sierra Leone1EnglishKrio
Singapore4Malay
Slovakia1Slovak
  • Bulgarian
  • Czech
  • German
  • Hungarian
  • Polish
  • Romani
  • Rusyn
  • Serbian
  • Ukrainian
Slovenia1Slovene
Solomon Islands1
  • English
Somalia2
Somaliland[a]3
  • Arabic
  • English
  • Somali
South Africa12
South Ossetia[a]2GeorgianGeorgian
South Sudan1English
Spain1Spanish
Sri Lanka2

English

Sudan2
  • Arabic
  • English
Suriname1DutchSranan Tongo
Sweden1SwedishEnglish
Switzerland4
Syria1ArabicKurdish
  • Assyrian
  • Western Neo-Aramaic
  • Armenian
Taiwan1None (Mandarin Chinese has de facto status)
Tajikistan1TajikTajikRussian
Tanzania2
  • Swahili
  • English
Swahili
Thailand1Thai

Sixty-two 'domestic' languages are officially recognized

Burmese
Togo1French
Tokelau2
Tonga2
Transnistria[a]3
  • Moldovan
  • Russian
  • Ukrainian
Trinidad and Tobago1EnglishTrinidadian Creole
Tunisia1ArabicArabic
Turkey1TurkishKurdishTurkish
Turkmenistan1TurkmenTurkmenRussian
Tuvalu2
  • Tuvaluan
  • English
Uganda2
Ukraine1Ukrainian
United Arab Emirates1ArabicEnglish
United Kingdom and Crown dependencies etc.1None (English has de facto status)
United States1None (English has de facto status)[i](28 languages)

indigenous languages of recognized federal tribes

  • English
Uruguay2
  • Uruguayan Sign Language (Spanish has de facto status)
Uzbekistan1UzbekRussian
Vanuatu3
Vatican City2
  • Italian
  • Latin
Swiss German
Venezuela2
  • Spanish
Native languages are official for indigenous peoples
Vietnam1VietnameseVietnamese
Yemen1Arabic
Zambia1English
Zimbabwe16

List of languages by number of countries in which they are the official language

[edit]
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This is a ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they arede jure orde facto official, although there are no precise inclusion criteria or definition of a language. An '*' (asterisk) indicates a country whose independence is disputed.

Partially recognized orde facto independent countries are denoted by an asterisk (*)

LanguageWorldAfricaAmericasAsiaEuropeOceaniaCountries
English5722144314United States,[l]United Kingdom,Canada,Australia,New Zealand,Ireland,South Africa,India,Nigeria(Seethe full list)[58]
French26182–51France,Canada,Belgium,Switzerland,Madagascar,Monaco,Haiti,Vanuatu(Seethe full list)[59]
Arabic24–26*12–14*–12––Egypt,Sudan,Algeria,Iraq,Morocco,Saudi Arabia,United Arab Emirates,Palestine(Seethe full list)
Spanish20118–1Spain,Colombia,Argentina,Mexico(Seethe full list)[60]
Portuguese96111–Portugal,Brazil,Mozambique,Angola,East Timor(Seethe full list)
German6–––6–Germany,Austria,Switzerland,Belgium,Luxembourg,Liechtenstein(Seethe full list)
Russian4–7*––22–5*–Russia,Kazakhstan,Belarus,Kyrgyzstan,Abkhazia,*South Ossetia,*Transnistria*(Seethe full list)
Serbo-Croatian4–5*–––4–5*–Serbia (known asSerbian),Croatia (known asCroatian),Montenegro (known asMontenegrin),Bosnia and Herzegovina (known asBosnian, Croatian and Serbian),Kosovo* (known as Serbian)
Italian4–––4–Italy,Switzerland,San Marino,Vatican City
Malay4––4––Malaysia,Indonesia (known asIndonesian),Singapore,Brunei
Swahili44––––Kenya,Rwanda,Tanzania,Uganda
Berber33––––Algeria,Morocco,Mali
Dutch3–1–2–Netherlands,Belgium,Suriname
Persian3––3––Iran,Afghanistan (known asDari),Tajikistan (known asTajik)
Sotho33––––South Africa,Lesotho,Zimbabwe
Tswana33––––Botswana,South Africa,Zimbabwe
Albanian2–3*–––2–3*–Albania,Kosovo,*North Macedonia
Standard Chinese2–3*––2–3*––China,Singapore,Taiwan*
Romanian2–3*–––2-3*–Romania,Moldova,Transnistria*
Somali2–3*2–3*––––Somalia,Ethiopia,Somaliland*
Turkish2–3*–––2–3*–Turkey,Northern Cyprus,*Cyprus
Aymara2–2–––Bolivia andPeru
Bengali2––2––Bangladesh andIndia
Chichewa22––––Malawi andZimbabwe
Fula22––––Mali andBurkina Faso
Greek2–––2–Greece andCyprus
Guarani2–2–––Paraguay andBolivia
Hindi2––2––India andFiji
Korean2––2––North Korea andSouth Korea
Quechua2–2–––Bolivia andPeru
Rwanda-Rundi22––––Burundi (known asKirundi) andRwanda (known asKinyarwanda)
Swati22––––Eswatini andSouth Africa
Swedish2–––2–Sweden andFinland
Tamil2––2––Sri Lanka andSingapore
Tigrinya22––––Eritrea andEthiopia
Venda22––––South Africa andZimbabwe

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abcdefghIndependence disputed.
  2. ^abcdefThe third official language – in addition to Pashto and Dari – in areas where the majority speaks them
  3. ^Slovak language is defined as official language together with Czech language by several laws – e.g. law 500/2004, 337/1992. Source:http://portal.gov.cz. Cited: "Například Správní řád (zákon č. 500/2004 Sb.) stanovuje: "V řízení se jedná a písemnosti se vyhotovují v českém jazyce. Účastníci řízení mohou jednat a písemnosti mohou být předkládány i v jazyce slovenském..." (§16, odstavec 1). Zákon o správě daní a poplatků (337/1992 Sb.) "Úřední jazyk: Před správcem daně se jedná v jazyce českém nebo slovenském. Veškerá písemná podání se předkládají v češtině nebo slovenštině..." (§ 3, odstavec 1).http://portal.gov.cz
  4. ^abcdefghijklmCitizens belonging to minorities, which traditionally and on long-term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic, enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in front of the courts of law (for the list of recognized minorities seeNational Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic). The article 25 of the CzechCharter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms ensures right of the national and ethnic minorities for education and communication with authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (The Administrative Rule) in its paragraph 16 (4) (Procedural Language) ensures, that a citizen of the Czech Republic, who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, have right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. In case that the administrative agency doesn't have an employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (About The Rights of Members of Minorities) paragraph 9 (The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in front of the courts of law) the same applies for the members of national minorities also in front of the courts of law.
  5. ^abcOfficial language for intercultural relations
  6. ^Article 152 of theConstitution of Malaysia designated Malay as the national language. Section 2 of that article allowed English to be used officially until otherwise provided by Parliament. In 1967, theParliament of Malaysia passed theNational Language Act, making Malay the official language of Malaysia. The act does, however, allow the use of English for some official purposes. On 11 July 1990, following the amendment of the National Language Act 1963/67 (Act 32) (Revised in 1971), Malay replaced English as the official language of the courts in West Malaysia. The amending Act provided English to be used in the Courts in West Malaysia where it deems necessary in the interest of Justice. East Malaysia continued using English as the official language in their courts.[42] Since 2007, the official policy is to refer to the national language as the Malaysian language (Bahasa Malaysia), although legislation still refers to the Malay language (Bahasa Melayu).
  7. ^abAs per the1987 Constitution which states "Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis".[51]
  8. ^abNot designated but meets legal definition
  9. ^In the United States of America, English is the language of theDeclaration of Independence and theConstitution of the United States and is the working language of the federal government. It was first declared the official language byExecutive Order 14224 in 2025.[56] Some states - such asArizona,California,Florida,New Mexico, andTexas - provide official documents in bothSpanish and English. Attempts to designate English as the official language of thefederal government of the United States by act of Congress have not succeeded. See alsoLanguages of the United States.
  10. ^Refers to theTjwao dialect
  11. ^SeeZimbabwean sign languages
  12. ^In the United States of America, English is the language of theDeclaration of Independence and theConstitution of the United States and is the working language of the federal government. It was first declared the official language byExecutive Order 14224 in 2025.[56] Some states - such asArizona,California,Florida,New Mexico, andTexas - provide official documents in bothSpanish and English. Attempts to designate English as the official language of thefederal government of the United States by act of Congress have not succeeded. See alsoLanguages of the United States.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Constitution of AfghanistanArchived 28 October 2013 at theWayback Machine (Chapter 1, Article 16)
  2. ^گفت‌وگوی زهرا مشتاق، روزنامه‌نگار ایرانی با ذبیح‌الله مجاهد، سخنگوی طالبان [Interview between Iranian journalist Zahra Mushtaq and Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid].Iran International (in Persian).YouTube. 2 October 2021. Retrieved15 February 2025.
  3. ^"MFA denies rumors that Taliban excludes the study of Uzbek language from school curriculum".Kun.uz. 31 August 2021. Retrieved16 February 2025.
  4. ^Constitution of AlbaniaArchived 25 February 2008 at theWayback Machine (Article 14)
  5. ^Constitution of Algeria (Article 3)
  6. ^Constitution of Andorra (Article 2)
  7. ^"Angola".The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
  8. ^https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/285603/20230503
  9. ^ab"Provincial Law Nº5598"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 29 February 2012. Retrieved3 July 2010.
  10. ^abcd"La Cámara de Diputados de la Provincia del Chaco. Sanciona con fuerza de Ley Nro.6604"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 7 August 2020. Retrieved28 February 2018.
  11. ^https://www.nationalia.info/interview/11702/welsh-is-still-alive-in-patagonia
  12. ^Constitution of Armenia
  13. ^Article 8,Constitution of Austria, 1920
  14. ^Bundesgesetz über die Rechtsstellung der Volksgruppen in Österreich (Volksgruppengesetz – VoGrG)
  15. ^Constitution of Azerbaijan,Constitution of Azerbaijan (English translation) (Article 21)
  16. ^abcConstitution of Belgium, inDutch,French andGermanArchived 13 April 2003 at theWayback Machine (Article 4)
  17. ^"Bolivia: Decreto Supremo Nº 25894, 11 de septiembre de 2000". 11 September 2000. Retrieved21 January 2018.
  18. ^Footitt, Hilary; Kelly, Michael (2012).Languages at War: Policies and Practices of Language Contacts in Conflict. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 111–120.ISBN 978-0230368774.
  19. ^According to the Brazilian Constitution, article 13:A língua portuguesa é o idioma oficial da República Federativa do Brasil. "The Portuguese language is the official language of the Federative Republic of Brazil".[1]
  20. ^Repositório Brasileiro de Legislações Linguísticas (Brazilian Repository of Linguistic Legislation)
  21. ^Article 5(PDF),Constitution of Burundi, 2005
  22. ^Les approches bi-plurilingues d'enseignement-apprentissage: autour du programme Écoles et langues nationales en Afrique (ELAN-Afrique): Actes du colloque du 26-27 mars 2015. Archives contemporaines. October 2016.ISBN 9782813001955.
  23. ^Indigenal Act, art. 28
  24. ^Constitution of Colombia, 1991 (Article 10)
  25. ^"Costa Rica 1949 (rev. 2011)".Constitute. Retrieved28 April 2015.
  26. ^Archived atGhostarchive and theWayback Machine:Asamblea Legislativa Costa Rica."APRUEBAN EL RECONOCIMIENTO DE LA LENGUA CRIOLLA LIMONENSE". Youtube. Retrieved21 December 2020.
  27. ^abThe Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus(PDF). 1960. art. 3, § 1. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 3 December 2013. Retrieved11 August 2013.
  28. ^ab"Implementation of the Charter in Cyprus",Database for the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research, retrieved11 August 2013
  29. ^abConstitution of Timor-Leste, section 13
  30. ^Constitution of Ecuador 2008Archived 17 December 2008 at theWayback Machine, (Article 2)
  31. ^Constitution of France (Article 2)
  32. ^Though not explicitly specified in the constitution, this is regulated in§23Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz (Administrative Procedures Act)
  33. ^Publication by Ministry of the Interior (in German)Archived 3 April 2012 at theWayback Machine
  34. ^Constitution of Hungary, Article H -http://www.kormany.hu/download/4/c3/30000/THE%20FUNDAMENTAL%20LAW%20OF%20HUNGARY.pdf
  35. ^abcdefRecognized by Hungary as minority language by the Ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages by the Hungarian Parliament - Resolution 35/1995, 7 April 1995 -http://www.complex.hu/kzldat/o95h0035.htm/o95h0035_0.htmArchived 17 November 2015 at theWayback Machine
  36. ^"Deaf History - Europe - 2011: Iceland, Legal Recognition of Icelandic Sign Language".deafhistory.eu. Retrieved23 March 2023.
  37. ^manishsiq (4 October 2024)."National Language of India 2024, List of 22 Official Languages of India".www.studyiq.com. Retrieved28 November 2024.
  38. ^Constitution of Iraq, Article 4(1st)
  39. ^Constitution of IrelandArchived 17 July 2009 at the Portuguese Web Archive (Article 8)
  40. ^Priedīte, Aija (2005). "Surveying Language Attitudes and Practices in Latvia".Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development.26 (5):409–424.doi:10.1080/01434630508668413.S2CID 145660793.In 1992, following further amendments to this directive, Latvian was established as the only official language. It took Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development seven more years before the State language law was adopted in 1999, with further amendments in the years 2000, 2001 and 2002.
  41. ^Jarinovska, Kristine. "Popular Initiatives as Means of Altering the Core of the Republic of Latvia", Juridica International. Vol. 20, 2013. p. 152ISSN 1406-5509
  42. ^Malaysia's Legal System,Eurasia International Legal Network, Malaysia.
  43. ^Constitution of MonacoArchived 15 November 2009 at theWayback Machine (Article 8)
  44. ^"Article 3 – Language".The Constitution of The Republic of Namibia. orusovo.com. Archived fromthe original on 28 March 2010. Retrieved23 April 2008.
  45. ^The Constitution of Nepal, article 7 (1)
  46. ^The Constitution of Nepal, article 6
  47. ^"Archived copy".www.info.gov.nf. Archived fromthe original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved11 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  48. ^Article 1 (2) of theзакон за употреба на јазиците (law on the use of languages), in force since 15 January 2019.
  49. ^"Norsk - Språkmøter"Archived 9 August 2020 at theWayback Machine.NDLA. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  50. ^Elias, Jun (19 September 2012)."Iloko La Union's official language".Philippine Star. Retrieved24 September 2012.
  51. ^"DO 46, s. 1987 – Amendment to DECS Order No. 33, s. 1987 (Spanish as Optional Subject) | Department of Education".Department of Education. Retrieved25 August 2021.
  52. ^"President Cyril Ramaphosa: Signing ceremony of South African Sign Language Bill on 19 July 2023" – via gov.za.
  53. ^"Hakka Basic Act".law.moj.gov.tw. Retrieved22 May 2019.
  54. ^"Indigenous Languages Development Act".law.moj.gov.tw. Retrieved22 May 2019.
  55. ^Second official according to theConstitution
  56. ^abVivian Ho; Rachel Pannett (1 March 2025)."A Trump order made English the official language of the U.S. What does that mean?".The Washington Post.
  57. ^"Draft constitution riles San people". NewsDay. AMH. 6 February 2013. Retrieved19 February 2018.
  58. ^"Field Listing - Languages".The World Factbook.Central Intelligence Agency. Archived fromthe original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved11 January 2009.
  59. ^"Field Listing - Languages".The World Factbook.Central Intelligence Agency. Archived fromthe original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved11 January 2009.
  60. ^"Spanish-Speaking Countries". Berges Institute. Retrieved27 May 2023.Spanish is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, and it is an official language, either de facto (in practice) or de jure (by law) in 20 countries. Spanish is also an official language in Puerto Rico, Gibraltar, the United Nations, the African Union, and the Organization of American States.

External links

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organizations
See also
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