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List of nearest stars

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Stars and brown dwarfs within 20 light years of the Solar System

Rotating 3D image of the nearest stars — Animated 3D map of the nearest stars, centered on the Sun.3D red green glasses are recommended to view this image correctly.

Animated 3D map of the nearest stars, centered on the Sun.3D red green glasses are recommended to view this image correctly.

A radar map of all known stellar andsubstellar objects within 9 light years (ly), arranged clockwise inhours ofright ascension, and marked by distance (▬) and position (◆). Distances are marked outward from theSun (Sol), with concentric circles indicating the distance in one ly steps. Positions are marked inward from their distance markings, connected by lines according to theirdeclinations (doted when positive), representing thearcs of the declinations viewed edge-on. For within 12 ly seethis map.

This list covers all knownstars,white dwarfs,brown dwarfs, andsub-brown dwarfs within 20light-years (6.13parsecs) of theSun. So far, 131 such objects have been found. Only22 are bright enough to be visible without a telescope, for which the star's visible light needs to reach or exceed the dimmest brightness visible to thenaked eye from Earth, which is typically around 6.5apparent magnitude.^[1]

The known 131 objects are bound in 94stellar systems. Of those, 103 aremain sequence stars: 80red dwarfs and 23 "typical" stars having greater mass. Additionally, astronomers have found 6white dwarfs (stars that have exhausted all fusible hydrogen), 21 brown dwarfs, as well as 1 sub-brown dwarf,WISE 0855−0714 (possibly arogue planet). The closest system isAlpha Centauri, withProxima Centauri as the closest star in that system, at 4.2465 light-years from Earth. The brightest, most massive and most luminous object among those 131 isSirius A, which is also the brightest star in Earth'snight sky; its white dwarf companion Sirius B is the hottest object among them. The largest object within the 20 light-years isProcyon.

TheSolar System, and the other stars/dwarfs listed here, are currently moving within (or near) theLocal Interstellar Cloud, roughly 30light-years (9.2 pc) across. The Local Interstellar Cloud is, in turn, contained inside theLocal Bubble, a cavity in the interstellar medium about 300light-years (92.0 pc) across. It containsUrsa Major and theHyades star cluster, among others. The Local Bubble also contains the neighboringG-Cloud, which contains the starsAlpha Centauri andAltair. In thegalactic context, the Local Bubble is a small part of theOrion Arm, which contains most stars that we can see without a telescope. The Orion Arm is one of thespiral arms of ourMilky Way galaxy.

Astrometrics

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The easiest way to determine stellar distance to the Sun for objects at these distances isparallax, which measures how much stars appear to move against background objects over the course of Earth's orbit around the Sun. As aparsec (parallax-second) is defined by the distance of an object that would appear to move exactly onesecond of arc against background objects, stars less than 5 parsecs away will have measured parallaxes of over 0.2 arcseconds, or 200 milliarcseconds. Determining past and future positions relies on accurateastrometric measurements of their parallax and totalproper motions (how far they move across the sky due to their actual velocity relative to the Sun), along withspectroscopically determinedradial velocities (their speed directly towards or away from us, which combined with proper motion defines their true movement through the sky relative to the Sun). Both of these measurements are subject to increasing and significant errors over very long time spans, especially over the several thousand-year time spans it takes for stars to noticeably move relative to each other.^[2]

Based on results from theGaia telescope's second data release from April 2018, an estimated 694 stars will approach the Solar System to less than 5parsecs in the next 15 million years. Of these, 26 have a good probability to come within 1.0 parsec (3.3 light-years) and another 7 within 0.5 parsecs (1.6 light-years).^[3] This number is likely much higher, due to the sheer number of stars needed to be surveyed; a star approaching the Solar System 10 million years ago, moving at a typical Sun-relative 20–200 kilometers per second, would be 600–6,000 light-years from the Sun at present day, with millions of stars closer to the Sun. The closest encounter to the Sun so far predicted is the low-mass orange dwarf starGliese 710 / HIP 89825 with roughly 60% the mass of the Sun.^[4] It is currently predicted to pass0.1696±0.0065 ly (10635±500au) from the Sun in1.290±0.04 million years from the present, close enough to significantly disturb the Solar System'sOort cloud.^[5]

Stars within11 ly.

Hipparcos luminous stars distances map within 100 pc (330 ly). The number in square brackets is height above or below the galactic plane. The distance between stars is colour coded: < 25 pc: green < 50 pc: cyan < 75 pc: yellow < 100 pc: orange

List

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Key
#	Visible to the unaided eye (apparent magnitude of +6.5 or brighter)
$	Luminous star (absolute magnitude of +8.5 or brighter)
‡	White dwarf
§	Brown dwarf
&	Sub-brown dwarf orrogue planet
*	Nearest in constellation

Theclasses of the stars and brown dwarfs are shown in the color of their spectral types (these colors are derived from conventional names for the spectral types and do not necessarily represent the star's observed color). Many brown dwarfs are not listed byvisual magnitude but are listed by near-infraredJ band apparent magnitude due to how dim (and often invisible) they are in visible color bands (U, B or V). Absolute magnitude (with electromagnetic wave, 'light' band denoted in subscript) is a measurement at a 10-parsec distance across imaginary empty space devoid of all its sparse dust and gas. Some of theparallaxes and resultant distances are rough measurements.^[6]

Known systems within 20 light-years (6.13 parsecs)→→
Designation		Distance (ly)^[7]	Constellation	RA/Dec (Ep. &Eq.J2000)^[6]	Stellar class	Mass (`M`_☉)	Magnitude (m_V^[6] or m_J)		Parallax (mas) ^[6]^{[note 1]}	Notes andadditional references
System	Name	Distance (ly)^[7]	Constellation	RA/Dec (Ep. &Eq.J2000)^[6]	Stellar class	Mass (`M`_☉)	App.	Abs.	Parallax (mas) ^[6]^{[note 1]}	Notes andadditional references
Solar System	Sun (Sol)$	0.0000158	N/A	N/A	G2V^[6]	1	−26.74#	4.85	N/A	eight recognized planets and moredwarf planets
Alpha Centauri	Proxima Centauri (C, V645 Centauri)	4.2465 ±0.0003	Cen*	14^h 29^m 43.0^s −62° 40′ 46″	M5.5Ve	0.122	11.09	15.53	768.0665 ±0.0499^[8]	flare star, one confirmed planet (b, 2016, and two candidate planets, (d, 2022)^[9]^[10] and (c, 2019)^[11]^[12]
	Rigil Kentaurus (A)$	4.3441 ±0.0022		14^h 39^m 36.5^s −60° 50′ 02″	G2V^[6]	1.079	0.01#	4.38	750.81 ±0.38^[13]	one directly imaged habitable-zone planet candidate (Candidate 1) (2021)
	Toliman (B)$	4.3441 ±0.0022		14^h 39^m 35.1^s −60° 50′ 14″	K1V^[6]	0.909	1.34#	5.71	750.81 ±0.38^[13]	planetb refuted in 2015
Barnard's Star (BD+04°3561a)		5.9629 ±0.0004	Oph*	17^h 57^m 48.5^s +04° 41′ 36″	M4.0Ve	0.144	9.53	13.22	546.9759 ±0.0401^[8]	flare star, largest-knownproper motion,^[14] four confirmed planets (d,b, c, and e)^[15]^[16]
Luhman 16 (WISE 1049−5319)	A§	6.5029 ±0.0011	Vel*	10^h 49^m 18.9^s −53° 19′ 10″	L8±1^[17]	0.032	10.7 J	14.2 J	501.557 ±0.082^[18]	nearestbrown dwarfs
Luhman 16 (WISE 1049−5319)	B§	6.5029 ±0.0011	Vel*	10^h 49^m 18.9^s −53° 19′ 10″	T1±2^[17]	0.027			501.557 ±0.082^[18]	nearestbrown dwarfs
WISE 0855−0714&		7.430 ±0.041	Hya*	08^h 55^m 10.8^s −07° 14′ 43″	Y4	0.003-0.010	25.0 J	28.2 J	439.0 ±2.4^[19]	sub-brown dwarf
Wolf 359 (CN Leonis)		7.8558 ±0.0013	Leo*	10^h 56^m 29.2^s +07° 00′ 53″	M6.0V^[6]	0.090	13.44	16.55	415.1794 ±0.0684^[8]	flare star, has 1 candidate & 1 refuted planet^[20]^[21]
Lalande 21185 (BD+36°2147,Gliese 411, HD 95735)		8.3044 ±0.0007	UMa*	11^h 03^m 20.2^s +35° 58′ 12″	M2.0V^[6]	0.390	7.47	10.44	392.7529 ±0.0321^[8]	two known planets (2019, 2021)^[22]
Sirius (Alpha Canis Majoris)	A$	8.7094 ±0.0054	CMa*	06^h 45^m 08.9^s −16° 42′ 58″	A1V^[6]	2.063	−1.46#	1.42	374.4896 ±0.2313^[8]	brightest star in the night sky
Sirius (Alpha Canis Majoris)	B‡	8.7094 ±0.0054	CMa*	06^h 45^m 08.9^s −16° 42′ 58″	DA2^[6]	1.018	8.44	11.34	374.4896 ±0.2313^[8]	brightest star in the night sky
Gliese 65 (Luyten 726–8)	A (BL Ceti)	8.724 ±0.012	Cet*	01^h 39^m 01.3^s −17° 57′ 01″	M5.5Ve	0.102	12.54	15.40	373.8443 ±0.5009^[8]	flare star (Archetypal member), has 1 candidate planet^[23]
Gliese 65 (Luyten 726–8)	B (UV Ceti)	8.724 ±0.012	Cet*	01^h 39^m 01.3^s −17° 57′ 01″	M6.0Ve	0.100	12.99	15.85	373.8443 ±0.5009^[8]	flare star (Archetypal member), has 1 candidate planet^[23]
Ross 154 (V1216 Sagittarii)		9.7063 ±0.0009	Sgr*	18^h 49^m 49.4^s −23° 50′ 10″	M3.5Ve	0.17	10.43	13.07	336.0266 ±0.0317^[8]	flare star
Ross 248 (HH Andromedae)		10.3057 ±0.0014	And*	23^h 41^m 54.7^s +44° 10′ 30″	M5.5Ve	0.136	12.29	14.79	316.4812 ±0.0444^[8]	flare star
Epsilon Eridani (Ran)$		10.4749 ±0.0037	Eri*	03^h 32^m 55.8^s −09° 27′ 30″	K2V^[6]	0.820	3.73#	6.19	311.37 ±0.11^[24]	three circumstellar disks, one confirmed planet (AEgir, 2000) and one candidate (c, 2002)^[25]
Lacaille 9352 (Gliese 887)		10.7241 ±0.0007	PsA*	23^h 05^m 52.0^s −35° 51′ 11″	M0.5V	0.486	7.34	9.75	304.1354 ±0.0200^[8]	flare star,^[26] two planets, b and c, with equivocal evidence for a third in the habitable zone (2020)^[27]
Ross 128 (FI Virginis)		11.0074 ±0.0011	Vir*	11^h 47^m 44.4^s +00° 48′ 16″	M4.0Vn	0.168	11.13	13.51	296.3053 ±0.0302^[8]	flare star, one planet (b) (2017)^[28]
EZ Aquarii (Gliese 866, Luyten 789-6)	A	11.109 ±0.034	Aqr*	22^h 38^m 33.4^s −15° 17′ 57″	M5.0Ve	0.11	13.33	15.64	293.60 ±0.9^[29]	A & B flare stars
	B				M?	0.11	13.27	15.58
	C				M?	0.10	14.03	16.34
Procyon (Alpha Canis Minoris)	A$	11.402 ±0.032	CMi*	07^h 39^m 18.1^s +05° 13′ 30″	F5IV–V^[6]	1.499	0.38#	2.66	286.05 ±0.81 ^[30]^[31]
Procyon (Alpha Canis Minoris)	B‡	11.402 ±0.032	CMi*	07^h 39^m 18.1^s +05° 13′ 30″	DQZ^[6]	0.602	10.70	12.98	286.05 ±0.81 ^[30]^[31]
61 Cygni	A (BD+38°4343)$	11.4039 ±0.0012	Cyg*	21^h 06^m 53.9^s +38° 44′ 58″	K5.0V^[6]	0.70	5.21#	7.49	286.0054 ±0.0289^[8]	first star (besides Sun) to have its distance measured.^[32] B flare star, with possible planet or brown dwarf.^[33] Possible circumstellar disk.
61 Cygni	B (BD+38°4344)$	11.4039 ±0.0012	Cyg*	21^h 06^m 55.3^s +38° 44′ 31″	K7.0V^[6]	0.63	6.03#	8.31	286.0054 ±0.0289^[8]
Struve 2398 (Gliese 725, BD+59°1915)	A (HD 173739)	11.4908 ±0.0009	Dra*	18^h 42^m 46.7^s +59° 37′ 49″	M3.0V^[6]	0.334	8.90	11.16	283.8401 ±0.0220^[8]	flare stars, star B has 2 candidate planets^[20]
Struve 2398 (Gliese 725, BD+59°1915)	B (HD 173740)	11.4908 ±0.0009	Dra*	18^h 42^m 46.9^s +59° 37′ 37″	M3.5V^[6]	0.248	9.69	11.95	283.8401 ±0.0220^[8]	flare stars, star B has 2 candidate planets^[20]
Groombridge 34 (Gliese 15)	A (GX Andromedae)	11.6191 ±0.0008	And	00^h 18^m 22.9^s +44° 01′ 23″	M1.5V^[6]	0.38	8.08	10.32	280.7068 ±0.0203^[8]	flare star, two known planets (Ab, 2014, andAc, 2018)^[34]
Groombridge 34 (Gliese 15)	B (GQ Andromedae)	11.6191 ±0.0008	And	00^h 18^m 22.9^s +44° 01′ 23″	M3.5V^[6]	0.15	11.06	13.30	280.7068 ±0.0203^[8]	flare star
DX Cancri (G 51-15)		11.6797 ±0.0027	Cnc*	08^h 29^m 49.5^s +26° 46′ 37″	M6.5Ve	0.09	14.78	16.98	279.2496 ±0.0637^[8]	flare star
Epsilon Indi (CPD−57°10015)	A$	11.8670 ±0.0041	Ind*	22^h 03^m 21.7^s −56° 47′ 10″	K5Ve^[6]	0.754	4.69#	6.89	274.8431 ±0.0956^[8]	one planet (Ab) (2018)^[35]
	Ba§			22^h 04^m 10.5^s −56° 46′ 58″	T1.0V	0.065	12.3 J^[36]	14.5 J
	Bb§			22^h 04^m 10.5^s −56° 46′ 58″	T6.0V	0.050	13.2 J^[36]	15.4 J
Tau Ceti (BD−16°295)$		11.9118 ±0.0074	Cet	01^h 44^m 04.1^s −15° 56′ 15″	G8.5Vp^[6]	0.783	3.49#	5.68	273.8097 ±0.1701^[8]	debris disk, and evidence for four planets (e,f, g, and h) (2012, 2017), and further four suspected planets (b, c, d, and "i") (2012, 2019)
GJ 1061 (LHS 1565)		11.9839 ±0.0014	Hor*	03^h 35^m 59.7^s −44° 30′ 45″	M5.5V^[6]	0.113	13.09	15.26	272.1615 ±0.0316^[8]	has 3 known planets (2019)^[37]^[38]^[39]
YZ Ceti (LHS 138)		12.1222 ±0.0015	Cet	01^h 12^m 30.6^s −16° 59′ 56″	M4.5V^[6]	0.130	12.02	14.17	269.0573 ±0.0337^[8]	flare star, three planets (b, c, and d) (2017)^[40]
Luyten's Star (BD+05°1668)		12.3485 ±0.0019	CMi	07^h 27^m 24.5^s +05° 13′ 33″	M3.5Vn	0.26	9.86	11.97	264.1269 ±0.0413^[8]	two planets (b, c) (2017)^[41] and two suspected planets (d, e) (2019)^[42]
Teegarden's Star (SO025300.5+165258)		12.4970 ±0.0045	Ari*	02^h 53^m 00.9^s +16° 52′ 53″	M6.5V	0.08	15.14	17.22	260.9884 ±0.0934^[8]	has 3 known planets (2019, 2024)^[43]^[44]
Kapteyn's Star (CD−45°1841)		12.8308 ±0.0008	Pic*	05^h 11^m 40.6^s −45° 01′ 06″	M1.5 VI^[6]	0.281	8.84	10.87	254.1986 ±0.0168^[8]	two refuted planets (b and c) (2014)^[45]^[46]
Lacaille 8760 (AX Microscopii)		12.9472 ±0.0018	Mic*	21^h 17^m 15.3^s −38° 52′ 03″	M0.0V^[6]	0.60	6.67	8.69	251.9124 ±0.0352^[8]	brightestM dwarf star in night sky, flare star
SCR 1845−6357	A	13.0638 ±0.0070	Pav*	18^h 45^m 05.3^s −63° 57′ 48″	M8.5V^[6]	0.07	17.39	19.41	249.6651 ±0.1330^[8]	^[39]
SCR 1845−6357	B§	13.0638 ±0.0070	Pav*	18^h 45^m 02.6^s −63° 57′ 52″	T6^[47]	0.03^[6]	13.3 J^[36]	15.3 J	249.6651 ±0.1330^[8]	^[39]
Kruger 60 (BD+56°2783)	A	13.0724 ±0.0052	Cep*	22^h 27^m 59.5^s +57° 41′ 45″	M3.0V^[6]	0.271	9.79	11.76	249.5 ±0.1^[48]	B flare star
Kruger 60 (BD+56°2783)	B (DO Cephei)	13.0724 ±0.0052	Cep*	22^h 27^m 59.5^s +57° 41′ 45″	M4.0V^[6]	0.176	11.41	13.38	249.5 ±0.1^[48]	B flare star
DENIS J1048−3956		13.1932 ±0.0027	Ant*	10^h 48^m 14.7^s −39° 56′ 06″	M8.5V^[6]	0.08	17.39	19.37	247.2156 ±0.0512^[8]	^[49]^[50]
Ross 614 (V577 Monocerotis, Gliese 234)	A (LHS 1849)	13.363 ±0.040	Mon*	06^h 29^m 23.4^s −02° 48′ 50″	M4.5V^[6]	0.223	11.15	13.09	244.07 ±0.73^[51]	A flare star
Ross 614 (V577 Monocerotis, Gliese 234)	B (LHS 1850)	13.363 ±0.040	Mon*	06^h 29^m 23.4^s −02° 48′ 50″	M5.5V	0.111	14.23	16.17	244.07 ±0.73^[51]	A flare star
UGPS J0722-0540§		13.43 ±0.13	Mon	07^h 22^m 27.3^s –05° 40′ 30″	T9^[6]	0.010-0.025	16.52 J^[52]	18.45 J	242.8 ±2.4^[53]	^[54]
Wolf 1061 (Gliese 628, BD−12°4523)		14.0500 ±0.0016	Oph	16^h 30^m 18.1^s −12° 39′ 45″	M3.0V^[6]	0.294	10.07	11.93	232.1390 ±0.0268^[8]	three planets (b,c, andd) (2015)^[55]
Van Maanen's Star (Gliese 35, LHS 7)‡		14.0718 ±0.0011	Psc*	00^h 49^m 09.9^s +05° 23′ 19″	DZ7^[6]	0.67	12.38	14.21	231.7800 ±0.0183^[8]	closest-known free-floating white dwarf, third-known white dwarf possible debris disk (1917)
Gliese 1 (CD−37°15492)		14.1747 ±0.0022	Scl*	00^h 05^m 24.4^s −37° 21′ 27″	M1.5 V^[6]	0.45-0.48	8.55	10.35	230.0970 ±0.0362^[8]
TZ Arietis (Gliese 83.1, L 1159–16)		14.5780 ±0.0046	Ari	02^h 00^m 13.2^s +13° 03′ 08″	M4.5V^[6]	0.14	12.27	14.03	223.7321 ±0.0699^[8]	flare star, has one confirmed planet (b)^[56]
Wolf 424 (FL Virginis, LHS 333, Gliese 473)	A	14.595 ±0.031	Vir	12^h 33^m 17.2^s +09° 01′ 15″	M5.5Ve	0.143	13.18	14.97	223.4775 ±0.4665^[8]	flare stars
Wolf 424 (FL Virginis, LHS 333, Gliese 473)	B	14.595 ±0.031	Vir	12^h 33^m 17.2^s +09° 01′ 15″	M7Ve	0.131	13.17	14.96	223.4775 ±0.4665^[8]	flare stars
Gliese 687 (LHS 450, BD+68°946)		14.8395 ±0.0014	Dra	17^h 36^m 25.9^s +68° 20′ 21″	M3.0V^[6]	0.401	9.17	10.89	219.7898 ±0.0210^[8]	possible flare star, two planets (b) (2014)^[57] and (c) (2020)^[58]
Gliese 674 (LHS 449)		14.8492 ±0.0018	Ara*	17^h 28^m 39.9^s −46° 53′ 43″	M3.0V^[6]	0.35	9.38	11.09	219.6463 ±0.0262^[8]	one planet (b) (2007)^[59]
LHS 292 (LP 731-58)		14.8706 ±0.0041	Sex*	10^h 48^m 12.6^s −11° 20′ 14″	M6.5V^[6]	0.08	15.60	17.32	219.3302 ±0.0602^[8]	flare star
Gliese 440 (WD 1142-645, LP 145-141)‡		15.1226 ±0.0013	Mus*	11^h 45^m 42.9^s −64° 50′ 29″	DQ6^[6]	0.75	11.50	13.18	215.6753 ±0.0181^[8]
GJ 1245	A (G 208-44 A)	15.2001 ±0.0034	Cyg	19^h 53^m 54.2^s +44° 24′ 55″	M5.5V^[6]	0.11	13.46	15.17	214.5745 ±0.0476^[8]	flare stars
	B (G 208-45)			19^h 53^m 55.2^s +44° 24′ 56″	M6.0V^[6]	0.10	14.01	15.72
	C (G 208-44 B)			19^h 53^m 54.2^s +44° 24′ 55″	M5.5	0.07	16.75	18.46
WISE 1741+2553§		15.22 ±0.20	Her*	17^h 41^m 24.2^s +25° 53′ 19″	T9		16.53 J	18.18 J	214.3 ±2.8^[60]
Gliese 876 (Ross 780)		15.2382 ±0.0025	Aqr	22^h 53^m 16.7^s −14° 15′ 49″	M3.5V^[6]	0.37	10.17	11.81	214.0380 ±0.0356^[8]	four planets (d (2005),c (2001),b (1998), ande (2010))^[61]
WISE 1639−6847§		15.336 ±0.066	TrA*	16^h 39^m 40.9^s −68° 47′ 46″	Y0.5		20.57 J	22.10 J	212.67 ±0.91^[62]
LHS 288 (Luyten 143-23)		15.7586 ±0.0034	Car*	10^h 44^m 21.2^s −61° 12′ 36″	M5.5V^[6]	0.11^[6]	13.90	15.51	206.9698 ±0.0448^[8]
GJ 1002		15.8060 ±0.0036	Cet	00^h 06^m 43.8^s −07° 32′ 22″	M5.5V^[6]	0.11	13.76	15.40	206.3500 ±0.0474^[8]	two known planets (b & c, 2022)^[63]
DENIS 0255−4700§		15.877 ±0.014	Eri	02^h 55^m 03.7^s −47° 00′ 52″	L7.5V^[6]	0.025-0.065	22.92	24.44	205.4251 ±0.1857^[8]	^[50]
Groombridge 1618 (Gliese 380)$		15.8857 ±0.0017	UMa	10^h 11^m 22.1^s +49° 27′ 15″	K7.0V^[6]	0.67	6.59	8.16	205.3148 ±0.0224^[8]	flare star, one suspected debris disk
Gliese 412	A	15.9969 ±0.0026	UMa	11^h 05^m 28.6^s +43° 31′ 36″	M1.0V^[6]	0.48	8.77	10.34	203.8876 ±0.0332^[8]
Gliese 412	B (WX Ursae Majoris)	15.9969 ±0.0026	UMa	11^h 05^m 30.4^s +43° 31′ 18″	M5.5V^[6]	0.10	14.48	16.05	203.8876 ±0.0332^[8]	flare star
AD Leonis		16.1939 ±0.0024	Leo	10^h 19^m 36.4^s +19° 52′ 10″	M3.0V^[6]	0.39-0.42	9.32	10.87	201.4064 ±0.0296^[8]	flare star, one refuted planet (b^[20] in 2020)^[64]
Gliese 832		16.2005 ±0.0019	Gru*	21^h 33^m 34.0^s −49° 00′ 32″	M1.5 V^[6]	0.45	8.66	10.20	201.3252 ±0.0237^[8]	possible flare star, two planets; one confirmed (b (2008)),^[65] and the other now refuted (c (2014))^[66]^[67]
Gliese 682 (CD-44 11909)		16.3328 ±0.0026	Sco*	17^h 37^m 03.7^s –44° 19′ 09″	M4 V	0.27	10.95	12.45	199.6944 ±0.0312^[8]	has two disputed planets
Omicron² Eridani (40 Eridani, Gliese 166)	Keid (A)$	16.3330 ±0.0042	Eri	04^h 15^m 16.3^s −07° 39′ 10″	K0.5 V	0.84	4.43#	5.93	199.6911 ±0.0512^[8]	has one refuted planet
	B‡			04^h 15^m 21.8^s −07° 39′ 29″	DA4	0.573	9.52	11.02
	C			04^h 15^m 21.5^s −07° 39′ 22″	M4 V	0.2036	11.24	12.74
EV Lacertae		16.4761 ±0.0018	Lac*	22^h 46^m 49.7^s +44° 20′ 02″	M3.5 V	0.35	10.22	11.70	197.9573 ±0.0220^[8]	record setting stellar flare observed
70 Ophiuchi (Gliese 702)	A$	16.7074 ±0.0087	Oph	18^h 05^m 27.4^s +02° 29′ 59″	K0 V	0.90	4.21#	5.66	195.2166 ±0.1012^[48]
70 Ophiuchi (Gliese 702)	B$	16.7074 ±0.0087	Oph	18^h 05^m 27.5^s +02° 29′ 56″	K5 V	0.70	6.01#	7.46	195.2166 ±0.1012^[48]
Altair (Alpha Aquilae)$		16.730 ±0.049	Aql*	19^h 50^m 47.0^s +08° 52′ 06″	A7 IV-Vn	1.79	0.77#	2.22	194.95 ±0.57^[68]
EI Cancri (GJ 1116,G 9-38)	A	16.800 ±0.011	Cnc	08^h 58^m 15.2^s +19° 45′ 47″	M5.5 V	0.12	14.06	15.50	194.1443 ±0.1228^[8]
EI Cancri (GJ 1116,G 9-38)	B	16.800 ±0.011	Cnc	08^h 58^m 15.2^s +19° 45′ 47″	M V	0.10	14.92	16.36	194.1443 ±0.1228^[8]
WISE J150649.97+702736.1§		16.856 ±0.052	UMi*	15^h 06^m 52.4^s +70° 27′ 25″	T6		13.74 J	15.17 J	193.5 ±0.6^[60]
GJ 3379 (G 99-49)		16.9861 ±0.0027	Ori*	06^h 00^m 03.5^s +02° 42′ 24″	M3.5 V	0.2312	11.31	12.73	192.0135 ±0.0310^[8]
DENIS J081730.0−615520§		17.002 ±0.037	Car	08^h 17^m 30.1^s −61° 55′ 16″	T6	0.015	13.61 J	15.03 J	191.8362 ±0.4186^[8]
Gliese 445 (LHS 2459,G 254-29)		17.1368 ±0.0017	Cam*	11^h 47^m 41.4^s +78° 41′ 28″	M3.5 V	0.14	10.79	12.19	190.3251 ±0.0194^[8]
2MASS J15404342−5101357		17.3738 ±0.0046	Nor*	15^h 40^m 43.5^s −51° 01′ 36″	M7 V	0.090	15.26	16.63	187.7290 ±0.0496^[8]
2MASS 0939−2448	A§	17.41 ±0.44	Ant	09^h 39^m 35.5^s −24° 48′ 28″	T8 V	0.019–0.048	15.61 J	16.97 J	187.3 ±4.6^[69]	binary brown dwarf
2MASS 0939−2448	B§	17.41 ±0.44	Ant	09^h 39^m 35.5^s −24° 48′ 28″	T8 V	0.019–0.038			187.3 ±4.6^[69]	binary brown dwarf
GJ 3323 (LHS 1723,LP 656-38)		17.5309 ±0.0026	Eri	05^h 01^m 57.4^s −06° 56′ 46″	M4 V	0.1705	12.22	13.57	186.0466 ±0.0277^[8]	has two known planets
Gliese 526 (Wolf 498, HD 119850)		17.7263 ±0.0024	Boo*	13^h 45^m 43.8^s +14° 53′ 29″	M1 V	0.28	8.46	9.78	183.9962 ±0.0253^[8]
WISE 0350−5658§		17.84 ±0.30	Ret*	03^h 50^m 00.3^s −56° 58′ 30″	Y1		22.47 J	23.70 J	182.9 ±3.1^[62]
Stein 2051 (Gliese 169.1,G 175-34)	A	17.9925 ±0.0020	Cam	04^h 31^m 11.5^s +58° 58′ 37″	M4 V	0.252	11.04	12.33	181.2730 ±0.0203^[8]
Stein 2051 (Gliese 169.1,G 175-34)	B‡	17.9925 ±0.0020	Cam	04^h 31^m 12.6^s +58° 58′ 41″	DC5	0.675	12.43	13.72	181.2730 ±0.0203^[8]
2MASS J11145133−2618235§		18.20 ±0.14	Hya	11^h 14^m 51.3^s −26° 18′ 24″	T7.5	0.029–0.048	15.86 J	17.12 J	179.2 ±1.4^[70]
Gliese 251 (Wolf 294, HD 265866)		18.2146 ±0.0028	Gem*	06^h 54^m 49.0^s +33° 16′ 05″	M3 V	0.360	10.02	11.29	179.0629 ±0.0280^[8]	has one known planet
LP 816-60		18.3305 ±0.0038	Cap*	20^h 52^m 33.0^s −16° 58′ 29″	M3.5 V	0.224	11.50	12.75	177.9312 ±0.0365^[8]
LSR J1835+3259		18.5534 ±0.0049	Lyr*	18^h 35^m 37.9^s +32° 59′ 55″	M8.5 V	0.053	18.27	19.50	175.7930 ±0.0468^[8]
Gliese 205 (Wolf 1453, HD 36395)		18.6042 ±0.0022	Ori	05^h 31^m 27.4^s −03° 40′ 38″	M1 V	0.556	7.95	9.17	175.3131 ±0.0204^[8]
2MASS J04151954−0935066§		18.62 ±0.18	Eri	04^h 15^m 19.5^s −09° 35′ 07″	T8	0.03	15.34 J	16.56 J	175.2 ±1.7^[70]
Gliese 229 (HD 42581)	A	18.7906 ±0.0018	Lep*	06^h 10^m 34.6^s −21° 51′ 53″	M1.5 V	0.579	8.14	9.34	173.5740 ±0.0170^[8]	^[71]
	Ba§				T7	0.036	14.01 J	15.21 J
	Bb§				T8	0.033	14.01 J	15.21 J
Alsafi (Sigma Draconis)$		18.7993 ±0.0081	Dra	19^h 32^m 21.6^s +69° 39′ 40″	G9 V	0.85	4.67#	5.87	173.4939 ±0.0748^[8]
Ross 47 (Gliese 213)		18.8883 ±0.0031	Ori	05^h 42^m 09.3^s +12° 29′ 21″	M4 V	0.35	11.57	12.76	172.6762 ±0.0286^[8]
WISE 1541−2250§		18.93 ±0.17	Lib	15^h 41^m 51.6^s −22° 50′ 25″	Y0.5	0.011	20.99 J	22.10 J	172.3 ±1.6^[62]
Gliese 570 (Lalande 27173, 33 G. Librae)	A$	19.1987 ±0.0074	Lib*	14^h 57^m 28.0^s −21° 24′ 56″	K4 V	0.802	5.64#	6.79	169.8843 ±0.0653^[8]
	B				M1.5 V	0.55	8.30	9.45
	C				M	0.35	9.96	11.11
	D§				T7.5	0.05	15.32 J	16.47 J
Gliese 693 (Luyten 205–128)		19.2078 ±0.0053	Pav	17^h 46^m 32.4^s −57° 19′ 09″	M3 V	0.26	10.76	11.91	169.8042 ±0.0465^[8]
Gliese 754 (Luyten 347–14)		19.2724 ±0.0067	Tel*	19^h 20^m 48.0^s −45° 33′ 30″	M4 V	0.173	12.23	13.37	169.2351 ±0.0588^[8]	has one candidate planet
Gliese 908 (Lalande 46650, BR Piscium)		19.2745 ±0.0032	Psc	23^h 49^m 12.5^s +02° 24′ 04″	M1 V	0.37	8.98	10.12	169.2163 ±0.0281^[8]
Gliese 752 (Wolf 1055, HD 180617)	A	19.2922 ±0.0027	Aql	19^h 16^m 55.3^s +05° 10′ 08″	M2.5 V	0.46	9.10	10.24	169.0615 ±0.0239^[8]	has one known planet
Gliese 752 (Wolf 1055, HD 180617)	B(VB 10)	19.2922 ±0.0027	Aql	19^h 16^m 57.6^s +05° 09′ 02″	M8 V	0.075	17.45	18.59	169.0615 ±0.0239^[8]	very small and very dim red dwarf
Gliese 588 (CD-40 9712)		19.2996 ±0.0031	Lup*	15^h 32^m 12.9^s −41° 16′ 32″	M2.5 V	0.43	9.31	10.45	168.9965 ±0.0270^[8]	has two candidate planets
Eta Cassiopeiae (Gliese 34)	Achird (A)$	19.3314 ±0.0025	Cas*	00^h 49^m 06.3^s +57° 48′ 55″	G3 V	0.972	3.46#	4.60	168.7186 ±0.0216^[8]
Eta Cassiopeiae (Gliese 34)	B	19.3314 ±0.0025	Cas*	00^h 49^m 06.3^s +57° 48′ 55″	K7 V	0.57	7.51	8.65	168.7186 ±0.0216^[8]
36 Ophiuchi (Gliese 663)	Guniibuu (A)$	19.4185 ±0.0036	Oph	17^h 15^m 20.9^s −26° 36′ 09″	K1.5 V	0.85	5.07#	6.20	167.9617 ±0.0311^[8]
	B$			17^h 15^m 21.0^s −26° 36′ 10″	K1 V	0.85	5.08#	6.21
	C$			17^h 16^m 13.4^s −26° 32′ 46″	K5 V	0.71	6.32#	7.45
YZ Canis Minoris (Ross 882, Gliese 285)		19.5330 ±0.0040	CMi	07^h 44^m 40.2^s +03° 33′ 09″	M4 V	0.308	11.19	12.30	166.9769 ±0.0343^[8]
GJ 1005 (Luyten 722-22,G 158-50)	A	19.577 ±0.035	Cet	00^h 15^m 28.1^s −16° 08′ 02″	M3.5 V	0.179	11.60	12.71	166.6 ±0.3^[72]	distance uncertain: 16.28±0.75, 17.91±0.67, 17.0±1.5, 16.26±0.76, 17.26, 19.695±0.095 ly^{[citation needed]}
GJ 1005 (Luyten 722-22,G 158-50)	B	19.577 ±0.035	Cet	00^h 15^m 28.1^s −16° 08′ 02″	M V	0.112	14.02	15.13	166.6 ±0.3^[72]
HR 7703 (279 G. Sagittarii, HD 191408, Gliese 783,IRAS 20079-3614)	A$	19.609 ±0.013	Sgr	20^h 11^m 11.93^s –36° 06′ 04″	K2.5 V	0.65	5.31#	6.41	166.3272 ±0.1065^[8]
	B	19.609 ±0.013	Sgr	20^h 11^m 11.93^s –36° 06′ 04″	M4 V	0.24	11.50	12.60	166.3272 ±0.1065^[8]
82 G. Eridani (e Eridani, Gliese 139, HD 20794)$		19.7045 ±0.0093	Eri	03^h 19^m 55.7^s −43° 04′ 11″	G8 V	0.70	4.26#	5.35	165.5242 ±0.0784^[8]	has three confirmed planets, three candidate planets, hot and cold dust disks
Gliese 268 (Ross 986, QY Aurigae)	A	19.7414 ±0.0076	Aur*	07^h 10^m 01.8^s +38° 31′ 46″	M4.5 V	0.226	12.05	13.14	165.2147 ±0.0636^[8]
Gliese 268 (Ross 986, QY Aurigae)	B	19.7414 ±0.0076	Aur*	07^h 10^m 01.8^s +38° 31′ 46″	M V	0.192	12.45	13.54	165.2147 ±0.0636^[8]
Delta Pavonis$		19.893 ±0.015	Pav	20^h 08^m 43.6^s −66° 10′ 55″	G8 IV	1.051	3.55#	4.62	163.9544 ±0.1222^[8]	has one candidate planet
SIMP J013656.5+093347§		19.955 ±0.057	Psc	01^h 36^m 56.5^s +09° 33′ 47″	T2.5	0.012	13.25 J	14.32 J	163.4478 ±0.4629^[8]	rogue planet, 12.7 MJ
2MASS 0937+2931§		19.96 ±0.22	Leo	09^h 37^m 34.9^s +29° 31′ 41″	T7	0.040	14.65 J	15.71 J	163.39 ±1.76^[73]
System	Star or (sub-) brown dwarf	Distance (ly (±err))^[7]	Constellation	Coordinates: RA, Dec (Ep J2000,Eq J2000)^[6]	Stellar class	Mass `M`_☉	App.	Abs.	Parallax (mas (±err)) ^[6]^{[note 1]}	Notes andadditional references
Designation		Distance (ly (±err))^[7]	Constellation	Coordinates: RA, Dec (Ep J2000,Eq J2000)^[6]	Stellar class	Mass `M`_☉	Magnitude (m_V^[6] or m_J)		Parallax (mas (±err)) ^[6]^{[note 1]}	Notes andadditional references

Distant future and past encounters

[edit]

Graph of the distances of various stars from the Sun during the past 20,000 to future 80,000 years. — Distances of the nearest stars from 20,000 years ago until 80,000 years in the future

Visualisation of theorbit of the Sun (yellow dot and white curve) around theGalactic Centre (GC) in the lastgalactic year. The red dots correspond to the positions of the stars studied by theEuropean Southern Observatory in a monitoring programme.^[74]

Over long periods of time, the slow independent motion of stars change in both relative position and in their distance from the observer. This can cause other currently distant stars to fall within a stated range, which may be readily calculated and predicted using accurateastrometric measurements ofparallax and totalproper motions, along withspectroscopically determinedradial velocities. Although extrapolations can be made into the past or future, they are subject to increasingly significant cumulative errors over very long periods.^[2] Inaccuracies of these measured parameters make determining the true minimum distances of any encountering stars or brown dwarfs fairly difficult.^[75]

One of the first stars known to approach the Sun particularly close isGliese 710. The star, whose mass is roughly half that of the Sun, is currently 62 light-years from the Solar System. It was first noticed in 1999 using data from theHipparcos satellite, and was estimated to pass less than 1.3 light-years (0.40 pc) from the Sun in 1.4 million years.^[76] With the release ofGaia's observations of the star, it has since been refined to a much closer 0.178 light-years (0.055 pc), close enough to significantly disturb objects in theOort cloud, which extends 1.2 light-years (0.37 pc) from the Sun.^[77]

Gaia's third data release has provided updated values for many of the candidates in the table below.^[78]^[79]^[80]^[81]

Stars that are known to have passed or will pass within 5 light-years of the Sun in the past or future^[82]^[83]^[84]
Star name	Minimum distance (light-years)	Date of approach in thousands of years	Current distance (light-years)	Stellar classification	Mass inM_☉	Current apparent magnitude	CurrentConstellation	Current Right ascension	Current Declination
Gliese 710	0.167±0.012	1296+24 −23	62.248±0.020	K7V	0.4–0.6	9.6	Serpens	18^h 19^m 50.843^s	−01° 56′ 18.98″
HD 7977	0.478+0.104 −0.078	−2764+28 −29	246.74±0.60	G0V	~1.2	9.04	Cassiopeia	01^h 20^m 31.597^s	+61° 52′ 57.08″
Scholz's Star and companionbrown dwarf	0.82+0.37 −0.22	−78.5±0.7	22.2±0.2	A: M9V B: T5	A: 0.095 B: 0.063	18.3	Monoceros	07^h 20^m 03.20^s	−08° 46′ 51.2″
2MASS J0628+1845	1.61+0.28 −0.24	1720+150 −130	272.28±0.80	M2.5V	0.28	16.2	Gemini	06^h 28^m 11.593^s	+18° 45′ 12.91″
2MASS J0805+4624	1.610+0.099 −0.092	−363+13 −14	238.1±1.0	M3V	0.25	17.0	Lynx	08^h 05^m 29.038^s	+46° 24′ 51.78″
CD-69 2001	1.616+0.070 −0.068	−1907±10	332.61±0.55	K4V	0.61	11.13	Indus	21^h 40^m 31.514^s	−69° 25′ 14.58″
HD 49995	1.70+0.23 −0.20	−4034+94 −98	439.74±0.59	A: F3V B: M1V	A: 1.48 B: 0.49	8.78	Canis Major	06^h 50^m 20.810^s	−18° 37′ 30.58″
2MASS J0621-0101	1.71+0.46 −0.39	−3206+68 −66	428.8±3.1	G5V	0.96	11.9	Orion	06^h 21^m 34.807^s	−01° 01′ 55.01″
LSPM J2146+3813	1.8557±0.0048	84.59±0.19	22.9858±0.0034	M5V	~0.15	10.82	Cygnus	21^h 46^m 22.285^s	+38° 13′ 03.12″
2MASS J0455+1144	1.94+0.16 −0.15	1702+58 −54	349.50±0.80	M0V	0.50	15.3	Orion	04^h 55^m 21.427^s	+11° 44′ 41.25″
2MASS J0734-0637	1.950±0.021	−554.6±3.3	130.66±0.12	M0V	0.50	12.9	Monoceros	07^h 34^m 39.097^s	−06° 37′ 12.21″
2MASS J1151-0313	1.98+0.20 −0.18	1017+60 −54	125.88±0.41	M3.5V	0.23	15.3	Virgo	11^h 51^m 37.434^s	−03° 13′ 45.24″
UCAC4 076–006432	2.042+0.034 −0.033	−893.8+7.9 −8.0	212.41±0.15	mid K	~0.6	12.69	Mensa	06^h 34^m 29.385^s	−74° 49′ 47.12″
2MASS J0120+4739	2.25+0.17 −0.15	473+27 −25	237.56±0.66	M3.5V	0.25	16.5	Andromeda	01^h 20^m 04.561^s	+47° 39′ 46.56″
TYC 6760–1510–1	2.46+0.19 −0.18	−1708+44 −47	102.89±0.16	M1.5V	0.58	11.5	Hydra	15^h 00^m 09.536^s	−29° 05′ 27.67″
UCAC2 15719371	2.46±0.10	−4282+70 −73	280.80±0.26	K4V	0.66	12.58	Antlia	09^h 44^m 09.884^s	−37° 45′ 31.09″
TYC 1662–1962–1	2.637+0.055 −0.054	−1536.6+9.0 −9.1	286.51±0.40	Early K	~0.8	10.95	Vulpecula	21^h 14^m 32.911^s	+21° 53′ 32.76″
HD 179939	2.65±0.17	3020±25	334.32±0.88	A3V	1.7	7.23	Aquila	19^h 14^m 10.043^s	+07° 45′ 50.72″
BD-21 1529	2.701+0.059 −0.058	−1660.1±6.3	368.48±0.56	G5V	~0.95	9.67	Canis Major	06^h 37^m 48.004^s	−21° 22′ 21.94″
2MASS J1310-1307	2.79+0.59 −0.47	−1520+150 −190	433.0±2.6	M2.5V	0.34	16.3	Virgo	13^h 10^m 30.804^s	−13° 07′ 33.55″
UPM J1121-5549	2.803±0.020	−282.5+1.6 −1.7	72.498±0.029	M3V	0.29	13.5	Centaurus	11^h 21^m 18.136^s	−55° 49′ 17.77″
UCAC4 464–006057	2.812+0.052 −0.051	932±11	101.570±0.086	Early M	~0.4	11.73	Taurus	04^h 09^m 02.050^s	+02° 45′ 38.32″
UCAC4 213–008644	2.91+0.13 −0.12	−306+12 −13	80.987±0.048	M5.0	0.17	16.4	Puppis	06^h 21^m 54.714^s	−47° 25′ 31.33″
GJ 3649	3.016±0.024	−520.4±3.1	54.435±0.023	M1	0.49	10.85	Leo	11^h 12^m 38.97^s	+18° 56′ 05.4″
Ross 248	3.0446±0.0077	38.500±0.096	10.3057±0.0014	M6V	0.136	12.29	Andromeda	23^h 41^m 54.99^s	+44° 10′ 40.8″
2MASS J1921-1244	3.08+0.21 −0.19	−3490+120 −130	376.46±0.73	K6V	0.69	12.46	Sagittarius	19^h 21^m 58.124^s	−12° 43′ 58.61″
Proxima Centauri	3.123±0.015	28.65±0.27	4.24646±0.00028	M5Ve	0.15	11.05	Centaurus	14^h 29^m 42.949^s	−62° 40′ 46.14″
TYC 9387–2515–1	3.220+0.081 −0.079	−1509.1+8.6 −8.7	401.96±0.54	K1V	0.86	11.45	Mensa	06^h 18^m 54.643^s	−80° 19′ 16.54″
Alpha Centauri AB	3.242±0.060	29.63+1.00 −0.98	4.321±0.024	A: G2V B: K1V	A: 1.100 B: 0.907^[85]	A: -0.01 B: +1.33	Centaurus	14^h 39^m 36.495^s	−60° 50′ 02.31″
Gliese 445	3.3400±0.0051	46.341±0.065	17.1368±0.0017	M4	0.15?	10.8	Camelopardalis	11^h 47^m 41.377^s	+78° 41′ 28.18″
2MASS J1638-6355	3.37+0.29 −0.28	−1428+21 −22	468.5±4.2	K2V	0.82	12.44	Triangulum Australe	16^h 38^m 21.759^s	−63° 55′ 13.16″
2MASS J0542+3217	3.43+0.75 −0.71	5823+89 −87	884.6±2.4	A: G4V B: K0V	A: 1.01 B: 0.85	12.80	Auriga	05^h 42^m 38.349^s	+32° 17′ 29.85″
2MASS J0625-2408	3.700+0.082 −0.080	−1874±14	534.88±0.93	K/M	~0.5	12.91	Canis Major	06^h 25^m 42.744^s	−24° 08′ 35.02″
Barnard's Star	3.7682±0.0031	11.735±0.013	5.96290±0.00044	sdM4	0.144	9.54	Ophiuchus	17^h 57^m 48.498^s	+04° 41′ 36.25″
BD+05 1792	3.965±0.040	−962.7±3.0	239.73±0.33	G2V	1.07	8.58	Gemini	07^h 48^m 07.037^s	+05° 27′ 22.51″
2MASS J2241-2759	4.05±0.16	−2810+37 −38	411.06±0.76	K7V	~0.5	12.28	Piscis Austrinus	22^h 41^m 50.996^s	−27° 59′ 47.04″
2MASS J1724-0522	4.15+0.26 −0.25	3058+54 −52	489.5±1.3	K0V	0.86	12.73	Ophiuchus	17^h 24^m 55.056^s	−05° 22′ 11.45″
StKM 1–554	4.217+0.036 −0.035	−549.9+2.9 −3.0	151.97±0.19	M0V	0.65	12.17	Orion	05^h 14^m 01.871^s	+05° 22′ 56.26″
GJ 3379	4.227±0.024	−157.43+0.93 −0.94	16.9861±0.0027	M3.5V	0.19	11.31	Orion	06^h 00^m 03.824^s	+02° 42′ 22.97″
2MASS J1936+3627	4.23+0.62 −0.57	3830+120 −110	671.6±3.4	G5.5V	0.95	12.2	Cygnus	19^h 36^m 57.294^s	+36° 27′ 57.71″
2MASS J0710+5228	4.303±0.039	507.6+3.8 −3.7	90.949±0.050	M3V	0.33	12.52	Lynx	07^h 10^m 52.167^s	+52° 28′ 18.49″
HD 146248	4.341+0.040 −0.039	−1141.5±3.7	334.87±0.47	G2/3IV	1.23	9.47	Triangulum Australe	16^h 19^m 27.875^s	−64° 50′ 34.38″
2MASS J1724+0355	4.37±0.12	1991+38 −37	254.99±0.26	G8V	0.85	12.54	Ophiuchus	17^h 24^m 34.633^s	+03° 55′ 26.75″
StKM 1–1456	4.396±0.043	1240.2+6.9 −6.8	144.934±0.095	A: K5V B: M8V	A: 0.81 B: 0.09	10.58	Hercules	17^h 17^m 31.118^s	+15° 34′ 55.35″
Zeta Leporis	4.43+0.33 −0.30	−878+42 −46	72.81±0.40	A2Vann	2.0	3.55	Lepus	05^h 46^m 57.341^s	−14° 49′ 19.02″
Lalande 21185	4.6807±0.0055	21.973±0.033	8.30437±0.00068	M2V	0.39	7.52	Ursa Major	11^h 03^m 20.194^s	+35° 58′ 11.55″
HD 68814	4.724+0.090 −0.089	−2242±13	259.85±0.30	G6V	0.98	9.57	Hydra	08^h 13^m 57.112^s	−04° 03′ 12.56″
2MASS J1941-4602	4.814+0.050 −0.049	−456.5+4.1 −4.2	66.848±0.033	M4-M6	~0.15	12.4	Telescopium	19^h 41^m 53.18^s	−46° 02′ 31.4″

Schematic view to scale of past and future close approaches of stars to the Sun (Up to 4.5 light-years)

Notes

[edit]

^^a ^bParallaxes given by RECONS are a weighted mean of values in the sources given, as well as measurements by the RECONS program.

References

[edit]

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^Carleo, I.; et al. (2020). "The GAPS Programme at TNG XXI – A GIARPS case-study of known young planetary candidates: Confirmation of HD 285507 b and refutation of AD Leo b".Astronomy & Astrophysics.A5: 638.arXiv:2002.10562.Bibcode:2020A&A...638A...5C.doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937369.S2CID 211296466.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Bailey, Jeremy; et al. (2009). "A Jupiter-like Planet Orbiting the Nearby M Dwarf GJ832".The Astrophysical Journal.690 (1):743–747.arXiv:0809.0172.Bibcode:2009ApJ...690..743B.doi:10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/743.S2CID 17172233.
^Wittenmyer, R. A.; Tuomi; et al. (2014). "GJ 832c: A super-earth in the habitable zone".The Astrophysical Journal.791 (2): 114.arXiv:1406.5587.Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..114W.doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/114.S2CID 12157837.
^Gorrini, P.; Astudillo-Defru, N.; Dreizler, S.; et al. (2022)."Detailed stellar activity analysis and modelling of GJ 832".Astronomy & Astrophysics.664. EDP Sciences: A64.arXiv:2206.07552.Bibcode:2022A&A...664A..64G.doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243063.ISSN 0004-6361.
^van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction",Astronomy and Astrophysics,474 (2):653–664,arXiv:0708.1752,Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V,doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357,S2CID 18759600
^Burgasser, Adam J.; Tinney, C. G.; Cushing, Michael C.; Saumon, Didier; Marley, Mark S.; Bennett, Clara S.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy (2008)."2MASS J09393548-2448279: The Coldest and Least Luminous Brown Dwarf Binary Known?"(PDF).The Astrophysical Journal.689 (1):L53 –L56.Bibcode:2008ApJ...689L..53B.doi:10.1086/595747.
^^a ^bDupuy, Trent J.; Liu, Michael C. (2012). "The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. Ultracool Binaries and the L/T Transition".The Astrophysical Journal Supplement.201 (2): 19.arXiv:1201.2465.Bibcode:2012ApJS..201...19D.doi:10.1088/0067-0049/201/2/19.S2CID 119256363.
^Xuan, Jerry W.; Mérand, A.; Thompson, W.; Zhang, Y.; Lacour, S.; Blakely, D.; Mawet, D.; Oppenheimer, R.; Kammerer, J.; Batygin, K.; Sanghi, A.; Wang, J.; Ruffio, J.-B.; Liu, M. C.; Knutson, H. (16 October 2024). "The cool brown dwarf Gliese 229 B is a close binary".Nature.634 (8036):1070–1074.arXiv:2410.11953.Bibcode:2024Natur.634.1070X.doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08064-x.ISSN 1476-4687.PMID 39415016.
^Benedict, G. F.; Henry, T. J.; Franz, O. G.; McArthur, B. E.; Wasserman, L. H.; Jao, Wei-Chun; Cargile, P. A.; Dieterich, S. B.; Bradley, A. J.; Nelan, E. P.; Whipple, A. L. (2016)."The Solar Neighborhood. XXXVII. The Mass–Luminosity Relation for Main-Sequence M Dwarfs".The Astronomical Journal.152 (5): 141.arXiv:1608.04775.Bibcode:2016AJ....152..141B.doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/5/141.S2CID 54029447.
^Schilbach, E.; Röser, S.; Scholz, R.-D. (2009). "Trigonometric parallaxes of ten ultracool subdwarfs".Astronomy and Astrophysics.493 (2):L27 –L30.arXiv:0811.4136.Bibcode:2009A&A...493L..27S.doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200811281.S2CID 17774863.
^"Milky Way Past Was More Turbulent Than Previously Known".ESO News.European Southern Observatory. 6 April 2004.After more than 1,000 nights of observations spread over 15 years, they have determined the spatial motions of more than 14,000 solar-like stars residing in the neighbourhood of the Sun.
^See also:Stellar kinematics.
^García-Sánchez, Joan; Preston, Robert A.; Jones, Dayton L.; Weissman, Paul R.; Lestrade, Jean-François; Latham, David W.; Stefanik, Robert P. (February 1999)."Stellar Encounters with the Oort Cloud Based onHipparcos Data".The Astronomical Journal.117 (2):1042–1055.Bibcode:1999AJ....117.1042G.doi:10.1086/300723.S2CID 122929693.
^Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Andrae, R.; Fouesneau, M. (13 August 2018). "New stellar encounters discovered in the second data release".Astronomy & Astrophysics.616: A37.arXiv:1805.07581.Bibcode:2018A&A...616A..37B.doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833456.S2CID 56269929.
^Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. (13 July 2022)."Stars that approach within one parsec of the Sun: New and more accurate encounters identified in Gaia Data Release 3".The Astrophysical Journal Letters.935 (1): 152.arXiv:2207.06258.Bibcode:2022ApJ...935L...9B.doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ac842b.S2CID 251154282.
^Bobylev, Vadim; Bajkova, Anisa (14 July 2022). "Search for Close Stellar Encounters with the Solar System Based on Data from the Gaia DR3 Catalogue".Astronomy Letters.48 (9):542–549.arXiv:2206.14443.Bibcode:2022AstL...48..542B.doi:10.1134/S1063773722080011.S2CID 256832377.
^de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl; de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos (28 June 2022)."An Update on the Future Flyby of Gliese 710 to the Solar System Using Gaia DR3: Flyby Parameters Reproduced, Uncertainties Reduced".Research Notes of the AAS.6 (6): 136.Bibcode:2022RNAAS...6..136D.doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ac7b95.
^de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (28 July 2022)."The Closest Past Flyby of a Known Star to the Solar System: HD 7977, UCAC4 237-008148 or WISE J072003.20-084651.2?".Research Notes of the AAS.6 (7): 152.Bibcode:2022RNAAS...6..152D.doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ac842b.S2CID 251154282.
^Table 3,Bobylev, Vadim V. (March 2010). "Searching for Stars Closely Encountering with the Solar System".Astronomy Letters.36 (3):220–226.arXiv:1003.2160.Bibcode:2010AstL...36..220B.doi:10.1134/S1063773710030060.S2CID 118374161.
^Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Andrae, R.; Fouesneau, M. (19 May 2018). "New stellar encounters discovered in the second Gaia data release".Astronomy & Astrophysics.616 (37): A37.arXiv:1805.07581.Bibcode:2018A&A...616A..37B.doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833456.S2CID 56269929.
^Bobylev, Vadim; Bajkova, Anisa (29 June 2022). "Search for Close Stellar Encounters with the Solar System Based on Data from the Gaia DR3 Catalogue".Astronomy Letters.48 (9):542–549.arXiv:2206.14443.Bibcode:2022AstL...48..542B.doi:10.1134/S1063773722080011.S2CID 256832377.
^"A Family Portrait of the Alpha Centauri System - VLT Interferometer Studies the Nearest Stars".European Southern Observatory. 15 March 2003. Retrieved24 January 2011.

External links

[edit]

"The 100 nearest star systems",Research Consortium on Nearby Stars
"NStars database".Northern Arizona University. Archived fromthe original on October 30, 2005. RetrievedOctober 24, 2005.
Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (18 March 2001)."Map of the 25 nearest star systems".Astronomy Picture of the Day.NASA. Retrieved24 October 2005.
"Notable Nearby Stars".SolStation. Retrieved24 October 2005.
"Cool stars in the solar Neighbourhood".D. Montes, UCM. Retrieved14 November 2005.
The dynamics of the closest stars
Takeda, G.; E. B. Ford; A. Sills; F. A. Rasio; D. A. Fischer; J. A. Valenti (2006)."Structure and Evolution of Nearby Stars with Planets II. Physical Properties of ~ 1000 Cool Stars from the SPOCS Catalog". California & Carnegie Planet Search. Retrieved13 October 2006.
Nearest Stars 3D View
Table 4 "The Census of Stars and Brown Dwarfs within 8 Parsecs of the Sun" inBailer-Jones, C. A. L.; et al. (2012). "Further Defining Spectral Type "Y" and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf Mass Function".The Astrophysical Journal.753 (2): 156.arXiv:1205.2122.Bibcode:2012ApJ...753..156K.doi:10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/156.S2CID 119279752.

Stars

List

Formation

Evolution

Classification

Early Late Main sequence O B A F G K M Subdwarf O B WR OB Subgiant Giant Blue Red Yellow Bright giant Supergiant Blue Red Yellow Hypergiant Yellow Carbon S CN CH White dwarf Chemically peculiar Am Ap/Bp CEMP HgMn He-weak Barium Lambda Boötis Lead Technetium Be Shell B[e] Helium Extreme Blue straggler
Remnants	Compact star Parker's star White dwarf Helium planet Neutron Radio-quiet Pulsar Binary X-ray Magnetar Stellar black hole X-ray binary Burster SGR
Hypothetical	Blue dwarf Black dwarf Exotic Boson Electroweak Strange Preon Planck Dark Dark-energy Quark Q Black hole star Black Hawking Quasi-star Gravastar Thorne–Żytkow object Iron Blitzar White hole

Nucleosynthesis

Structure

Properties

Star systems

Earth-centric
observations

Lists

Known celestial objects within 20 light-years

Primary member type

Celestial objects by systems. Secondary members are listed in small print.

0–10ly →

Main-sequence
stars

A-type	Sirius (Alpha Canis Majoris) (8.7094±0.0054 ly) white dwarf B
G-type	Sun (0 ly) rest of Solar System Alpha Centauri α Cen (Rigil Kentaurus) (4.3441±0.0022 ly) K-type main-sequence star B (Toliman) red dwarf C (Proxima Centauri) (4.2465 ± 0.0003 ly) 2 (5?) planets: Ab?; Bc?;Cb,Cc?,Cd
M-type (red dwarfs)	Barnard's Star (5.9629±0.0004 ly) 4 planets: b, c, d, e Wolf 359 (7.8558±0.0013 ly) 1? planets: b? Lalande 21185 (8.3044±0.0007 ly) 2 (3?) planets: b, d?, c Gliese 65 A (BL Ceti) (8.724±0.012 ly) red dwarf B (UV Ceti) 1? planets: b? Ross 154 (9.7063±0.0009 ly)

Brown dwarfs

L-type	Luhman 16 (6.5029±0.0011 ly) T-type brown dwarf B

Sub-brown dwarfs
androgue planets

Y-type	WISE 0855−0714 (7.430±0.041 ly)

← 10–15ly →

Subgiant stars

F-type	Procyon (Alpha Canis Minoris) (11.402±0.032 ly) white dwarf B

Main-sequence
stars

G-type	Tau Ceti (11.9118±0.0074 ly) 4 (8?) planets: (b), (c), (d), e, f, g, h, (i)
K-type	Epsilon Eridani (Ran) (10.4749±0.0037 ly) 1 (2?) planets: b (Ægir), c? 61 Cygni (11.4039±0.0012 ly) K-type main-sequence star B Epsilon Indi (11.8670±0.0041 ly) 2 T-type brown dwarfs: Ba, Bb planet Ab
M-type (red dwarfs)	Ross 248 (10.3057±0.0014 ly) Lacaille 9352 (10.7241±0.0007 ly) 2 (3?) planets: b, c, d? Ross 128 (11.0074±0.0011 ly) planet b EZ Aquarii (11.109±0.034 ly) 2 red dwarfs: B, C Struve 2398 (11.4908±0.0009 ly) red dwarf B 1 (3?) planets: Ab, Bb?, Bc? Groombridge 34 (11.6191±0.0008 ly) red dwarf B 2 planets: Ab,Ac DX Cancri (11.6797±0.0027 ly) GJ 1061 (11.9839±0.0014 ly) 3 planets: b, c, d YZ Ceti (12.1222±0.0015 ly) 3 planets: b, c, d Luyten's Star (12.3485±0.0019 ly) 2 (4?) planets: b, c, d?, e? Teegarden's Star (12.4970±0.0045 ly) 3 planets: b,c, d Kapteyn's Star (12.8308±0.0008 ly) Lacaille 8760 (12.9472±0.0018 ly) SCR 1845−6357 (13.0638±0.0070 ly) T-type brown dwarf B Kruger 60 (13.0724±0.0052 ly) red dwarf B DENIS J1048−3956 (13.1932±0.0027 ly) Ross 614 (13.363±0.040 ly) red dwarf B Wolf 1061 (14.0500±0.0016 ly) 3 planets: b,c,d Gliese 1 (14.1747±0.0022 ly) TZ Arietis (14.5780±0.0046 ly) planet b Wolf 424 (14.595±0.031 ly) red dwarf B Gliese 687 (14.8395±0.0014 ly) 2 planets: b, c Gliese 674 (14.8492±0.0018 ly) planet b LHS 292 (14.8706±0.0041 ly)

Degenerate
stars

White dwarfs	van Maanen 2 (14.0718±0.0011 ly)

Brown dwarfs

T-type	UGPS J0722-0540 (13.43±0.13 ly)

← 15–20ly

Subgiant stars

G-type	Delta Pavonis (19.893±0.015 ly)

Main-sequence
stars

A-type	Altair (Alpha Aquilae) (16.730±0.049 ly)
G-type	Alsafi (Sigma Draconis) (18.7993±0.0081 ly) Achird (Eta Cassiopeiae) (19.3314±0.0025 ly) K-type main-sequence star B e (82 G.) Eridani (19.7045±0.0093 ly) 3 planets: b, c, d
K-type	Groombridge 1618 (15.8857±0.0017 ly) Omicron² (40) Eridani (16.3330±0.0042 ly) white dwarf B red dwarf C 70 Ophiuchi (16.7074±0.0087 ly) K-type main-sequence star B Gliese 570 (19.1987±0.0074 ly) 2 red dwarfs: B, C T-type brown dwarf D 36 Ophiuchi (19.4185±0.0036 ly) 2 K-type main-sequence stars: B, C HR 7703 (19.609±0.013 ly) red dwarf B
M-type (red dwarfs)	GJ 1245 (15.2001±0.0034 ly) 2 red dwarfs: B, C Gliese 876 (15.2382±0.0025 ly) 4 planets: d,c,b,e LHS 288 (15.7586±0.0034 ly) GJ 1002 (15.8060±0.0036 ly) 2 planets: b, c Gliese 412 (15.9969±0.0026 ly) red dwarf B AD Leonis (16.1939±0.0024 ly) Gliese 832 (16.2005±0.0019 ly) planet b Gliese 682 (16.3328±0.0026 ly) 2? planets: b?, c? EV Lacertae (16.4761±0.0018 ly) G 9-38 (16.800±0.011 ly) red dwarf B GJ 3379 (16.9861±0.0027 ly) Gliese 445 (17.1368±0.0017 ly) 2M1540 (17.3738±0.0046 ly) GJ 3323 (17.5309±0.0026 ly) 2 planets: b, c Gliese 526 (17.7263±0.0024 ly) Stein 2051 (17.9925±0.0020 ly) white dwarf B Gliese 251 (18.2146±0.0028 ly) planet b LP 816-60 (18.3305±0.0038 ly) LSR J1835+3259 (18.5534±0.0049 ly) Gliese 205 (18.6042±0.0022 ly) Gliese 229 (18.7906±0.0018 ly) 2 T-type brown dwarfs: Ba, Bb Ross 47 (18.8883±0.0031 ly) Gliese 693 (19.2078±0.0053 ly) Gliese 754 (19.2724±0.0067 ly) Gliese 908 (19.2745±0.0032 ly) Gliese 752 (19.2922±0.0027 ly) red dwarf B (vB 10) planet Ab Gliese 588 (19.2996±0.0031 ly) YZ Canis Minoris (19.5330±0.0040 ly) GJ 1005 (19.577±0.035 ly) red dwarf B Gliese 268 (19.7414±0.0076 ly) red dwarf B

Degenerate
stars

White dwarfs	Gliese 440 (15.1226±0.0013 ly)

Brown dwarfs

L-type	DENIS 0255−4700 (15.877±0.014 ly)
T-type	WISE 1741+2553 (15.22±0.20 ly) WISE 1506+7027 (16.856±0.052 ly) DENIS 0817-6155 (17.002±0.037 ly) 2MASS 0939-2448 (17.41±0.44 ly) T-type brown dwarf B 2MASS 1114-2618 (18.20±0.14 ly) 2MASS 0415-0935 (18.62±0.18 ly) SIMP0136 (19.955±0.057 ly) 2MASS 0937+2931 (19.96^+0.22 _−0.21 ly)
Y-type	WISE 1639−6847 (15.450±0.041 ly) WISE 0350−5658 (18.49±0.24 ly)