Azerbaijan is nearly surrounded by mountains. TheGreater Caucasus range lies to the northeast along the border withRussia and extends into northeasternAzerbaijan and runs southeast to theAbsheron Peninsula. TheLesser Caucasus range lies to the west along the border with Armenia, and theTalysh Mountains lies to the south along the border withIran. There are mineral springs and very active mud volcanoes in Kobustan Mountain, which is situated nearBaku. The highest peaks in theRepublic of Azerbaijan are situated in the Greater Caucasus, the Lesser Caucasus and Talysh mountain systems. The highest peak in the Republic of Azerbaijan is Bazarduzu (4,466 metres or 14,652 feet).[1]
The Greater Caucasus mountain systems stretches for about 1,200 kilometers from west-northwest to east-southeast, between the Taman Peninsula of the Black Sea to the Absheron Peninsula of the Caspian Sea.[2] Greater Caucasus ridge is not crossed by any river valleys. Therefore, it is also called Watershed ridge. Most of the ridge elevation is over, 3000m high:
| Height | Name | Ridge |
|---|---|---|
| 4466 | Bazarduzu | Major Caucasus |
| 4243 | Shahdagh | Lateral ridge |
| 4206 | Tufandagh | Major Caucasus |
| 4126 | Bazaryurd | Major Caucasus |
| 4116 | Yaridagh | Major Caucasus |
| 4079 | Charindagh | Major Caucasus |
| 4042 | Ilham | Lateral ridge |
| 4020 | Ragdan | Major Caucasus |
The spurs of the Lesser Caucasus (also called Little Caucasus, Russian Maliy Kavkaz) in southwestern Azerbaijan includes Shahdagh, Murovdagh, Karabagh Upland, Mikhtoken, Eastern Goyche, Dereleyez and Zangezur ridges, most of the Karabakh volcanic plateau, Bashkend- Destefur saddle.[3]
| Height | Name | Ridge |
|---|---|---|
| 3906 | Gapijig | Zangezur |
| 3865 | Alagoz | Zangezur |
| 3827 | Yaghlidere | Zangezur |
| 3814 | Gazangoldagh | Zangezur |
| 3754 | Saridere | Zangezur |
| 3724 | Gamishdag | Murovdagh |
| 3613 | Delidagh | Mikhtoken |
| 3560 | Deveboynu | Zangezur |
| 3549 | Goshabulag | Shahdagh |
| 3437 | Keti | Eastern Goyche |
| 3367 | Hinaldagh | Shahdagh |
| 3364 | Elinje | Zangezur |
Talysh mountains (Azerbaijani: Talış dağları, Талыш дағлары, تالش داغلارى; Persian: کوههای تالش, Kuhhâye Tâleš) lies southeastward from theLankaran Lowland in southeastern Azerbaijan to the lower part of theSefid Rud in northwesternIran. The Talysh mountains include Talysh, Peshteser and Burovar ridges. A few peaks rise above 3,000 m.
| Height | Name | Ridge |
|---|---|---|
| 2493 | Gomurgoy | Zengezur |
| 2433 | Gizyurdu | Zengezur |
