List of the species of sea snails and sea slugs of South Africa
Map of the Southern African coastline showing some of the landmarks referred to in species range statements Thislist of marine gastropods of South Africa attempts to list all of thesea snails andsea slugs ofSouth Africa , in other words themarine gastropod molluscs of that area. This list is a sub-list of theList of marine molluscs of South Africa .
Gastropods (/ˈ ɡ æ s t r ə p ɒ d z Univalves ; classGastropoda /ɡ æ s ˈ t r ɒ p ə d ə invertebrates within the phylumMollusca , comprising the animals commonly known assnails andslugs . With an estimated 65,000 to 80,000 living species, they form the second-largest animalclass after theinsects . Thefossil record of gastropods extends back to theLate Cambrian . As of 2017[update] families are recognized—476 extant (some with fossil representatives) and 245 extinct known only from fossils.
Gastropods inhabit an extraordinary range of environments, includingmarine ,freshwater , andterrestrial ecosystems. They occur in gardens, woodlands, deserts, mountains, rivers, lakes, estuaries, mudflats, intertidal zones, the deep sea,hydrothermal vents , and even inparasitic niches.
The termsnail generally refers to gastropods with a largeexternal shell into which the body can fully retract, whileslugs have no shell or a small internal one, andsemislugs can only partially withdraw into their reduced shell. Marine gastropods include familiar forms such asabalones ,conches ,periwinkles ,whelks , andcowries , whose shells are usuallycoiled in adulthood. In contrast,limpets and related groups coil their shells only in the larval stage, retaining a simpleconical form as adults. (Full article...
Marinegastropods in South Africa include:
Patellidae - True limpets
Cellana radiata capensis [ 1] [ 2] Cellana capensis Gmelin,Helcioniscus capensis (Gmelin, 1790),Patella capensis Gmelin, 1791)Variable limpetHelcion concolor [ 2] Helcion dunkeri [ 2] Prickly limpetHelcion pectunculus [ 2] Rayed limpetHelcion pruinosus [ 2] [ 3] Patella aphanes [ 2] Scutellastra aphanes )Argenville's limpetPatella argenvillei [ 2] Scutellastra argenvillei ) Bearded limpetPatella barbara [ 2] [ 3] Scutellastra barbara ) Pear limpetPatella cochlear [ 2] Scutellastra cochlear ) Kelp limpetPatella compressa [ 2] [ 3] Cymbula compressa ) Patella flexuosa [ 4] Scutellastra flexuosa )Granite limpetPatella granatina [ 2] Cymbula granatina ) Granular limpetPatella granularis [ 2] Scutellastra granularis ) Duck's foot or Long-spined limpetPatella longicosta [ 2] Scutellastra longicosta ) Pink rayed limpetPatella miniata [ 2] [ 3] Cymbula miniata ) Patella obtecta [ 2] Scutellastra obtecta )Goat's eye limpetPatella oculus [ 2] Cymbula oculus ) Patella pica [ 2] Scutellastra pica )Patella sanguinans [ 2] Cymbula sanguinans ,Patella miniata sanguinans )Giant limpetPatella tabularis [ 2] [ 3] Scutellastra tabularis ) Lottiidae - True limpets
Pleurotomariidae
Haliotidae - Abalone
Fissurellidae - Keyhole limpets
Fissurella mutabilis Amblychilepas dubia [ 5] Saddle shaped keyhole limpetAmblychilepas scutella [ 2] [ 3] Dendrofissurella scutellum Conical keyhole limpetDiodora parviforata [ 2] Fissurella parviforata G.B. Sowerby III, 1889) Diodora australis [ 5] Diodora calyculata [ 5] Diodora crucifera [ 5] Diodora elevata [ 5] Diodora elizabethae [ 5] Diodora natalensis [ 2] Fissurella natalensis Krauss, 1848)Diodora parviforata [ 5] Diodora procurva [ 4] Diodora spreta [ 5] Cape keyhole limpetFissurella mutabilis [ 2] [ 3] Emarginula sibogae [ 4] Emarginella . Corrected usinghttp://www.marinespecies.org/ accessed 4 January 2010Macroschisma africana [ 5] Mantled keyhole limpetPupillaea aperta [ 2] [ 3] Fissurellidea aperta G.B. Sowerby, 1825) Scutus unguis [ 5] Calliostomatidae
Trochidae
Black chained topshellClanculus atricatena [ 2] Clanculus puniceus [ 2] Clanculus miniatus [ 2] Multicoloured topshellGibbula multicolor [ 2] Trochus multicolor Krauss, 1848) Gibbula beckeri [ 2] Gibbula capensis [ 2] [ 3] Trochus capensis Gmelin, 1791)Gibbula cicer [ 2] Trochus cicer Menke, 1844)Gibbula zonata [ 2] [ 3] Toothed topshellMonodonta australis [ 2] Oxystele impervia [ 2] Pink-lipped topshellOxystele sinensis [ 2] Oxystele tabularis [ 2] Oxystele tigrina [ 2] Variegated topshellOxystele variegata [ 2] [ 3] Black-spotted topshellTrochus nigropunctatus [ 2] Turbinidae - Turban shells
Bolma andersoni [ 4] Bolma bathyraphis [ 4] Bolma massieri [ 4] Bolma tayloriana [ 4] Turbo argyrostomus [ 4] Turbo argyrostomus [ 4] Turbo chrysostomus [ 4] Alikreukel or Giant periwinkleTurbo sarmaticus [ 2] [ 3] Crowned turban shellLunella coronata [ 2] Turbo coronatus Gmelin, 1790) Turbo cidaris Cinysca granulosa [ 2] Phasianellidae
Neritidae - Nerites
Calyptraeidae - Slipper limpets
Hipponicidae - Hoof limpets
Littorinidae
Striped periwinkleLittoraria glabrata [ 2] Littorina kraussi Rosewater, 1970,Littorina glabrata Philippi, 1846) Estuarine periwinklesLittoraria scabra group. (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[ 2] African periwinkleNodilittorina africana [ 2] Nodular periwinkleNodilittorina natalensis [ 2] Assimineidae
Vermetidae - Worm shells
Turritellidae
Potamididae
Cerithiidae
Xenophoridae
Turridae
Cypraeidae - True cowries
Cypraea alfredensis [ 8] Cypraeovula alfredensis (Cape St. Francis to southern Wild Coast))[ 4] Cypraea algoensis [ 8] Cypraeovula algoensis (Table Bay to Algoa Bay))[ 4] Cypraea amphithales [ 8] Cypraeovula amphithales (Algoa Bay to Kei River Mouth))[ 4] Ring cowrieCypraea annulus [ 8] Arabic cowrieCypraea arabica [ 2] [ 8] Cypraea barclayi [ 8] Erronea barclayi (Cape St Blaize to Mozambique))[ 4] Cypraea beckii [ 8] Cypraea broderipii [ 8] Lyncina broderipii (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique))[ 4] Cape cowrieCypraea capensis [ 2] [ 8] Cypraeovula capensis )[ 4] Snake's head cowrieCypraea caputserpentis [ 2] [ 8] Carnelian cowrieCypraea carneola [ 2] [ 8] Cypraea caurica [ 8] Cypraea cernica [ 8] Erosaria cernica (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique))[ 4] Cypraea chinensis [ 8] Cypraea cicercula [ 8] Orange cowrieCypraea citrina [ 2] [ 8] Erosaria citrina )[ 4] Cypraea clandestina [ 8] Cypraea cohenae [ 8] Cypraeovula cohenae )[ 4] Cypraea connelli [ 8] Cypraeovula connelli [ 4] Cypraea contaminata [ 8] Cypraea coronata [ 8] Cypraeovula coronata )[ 4] Cypraea cribraria [ 8] Cribrarula cribraria comma [KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique])[ 4] Cypraea diluculum [ 8] Toothless cowrieCypraea edentula [ 2] [ 8] Cypraeovula edentula )[ 4] Eroded cowrieCypraea erosa [ 2] [ 8] Kitten cowrieCypraea felina [ 2] [ 8] Cypraea fimbriata [ 8] Cypraea fultoni [ 8] Barycypraea fultoni (Wild Coast to northern KwaZulu-Natal))[ 4] Dark toothed cowrieCypraea fuscodentata [ 2] [ 3] [ 8] Cypraeovula fuscodentata )[ 4] Cypraea fuscorubra [ 8] Cypraeovula fuscorubra )[ 4] Cypraea gangranosa [ 8] Erosaria gangranosa (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique))[ 4] Honey cowrieCypraea helvola [ 2] [ 8] Cypraea histrio [ 8] Cypraea isabella [ 8] Luria isabella (Wild Coast to Mozambique))[ 4] Cypraea iutsui [ 8] Cypraeovula iutsui (Olifants River Mouth (West Coast) to Port Alfred))[ 4] Cypraea labrolineata [ 8] Cypraea lamarckii [ 8] Cypraea limacina [ 8] Cypraea lisetae [ 8] Cypraea lynx [ 8] Cypraea mappa [ 8] Leporicypraea mappa (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique))[ 4] Cypraea marginalis [ 8] Erosaria marginalis (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique))[ 4] Cypraea mauritiana [ 8] Cypraea minoridens [ 8] Money cowrieCypraea moneta [ 2] [ 8] Cypraea nucleus [ 8] Staphylaea nucleus (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique))[ 4] Cypraea onyx [ 8] Cypraea owenii [ 8] Bistolida owenii vasta (Wild Coast to Mozambique))[ 4] Cypraea poraria [ 8] Cypraea punctata [ 8] Cypraea scurra [ 8] Mauritia scurra (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique))[ 4] Stippled cowrieCypraea staphylaea [ 2] [ 8] Cypraea stolida [ 8] Bistolida stolida diauges (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique))[ 4] Cypraea talpa [ 8] Talparia talpa (Northern Wild Coast to Mozambique))[ 4] Cypraea teres [ 8] Tiger cowrieCypraea tigris [ 2] [ 8] [ 4] Cypraea verhoefi [ 8] Cypraea vitellus [ 8] Cypraea ziczac [ 8] Cypraeovula castanea [ 4] [citation needed Cypraeovula cruickshanki [ 8] [ 4] Cypraeovula immelmani [ 4] Cypraeovula mikeharti [ 4] Cypraeovula volvens [ 4] Erosia ocellata [ 4] Erronea chinensis [ 4] Erronea succinata [ 4] Ovulidae
Calpurnus lacteus [ 8] Calpurnus verrucosus [ 4] [ 8] Crenavolva azumai [ 8] Crenavolva draperi [ 8] Crenavolva rosewateri [ 8] Crenavolva septemmacula [ 8] Crenavolva striatula [ 8] Cymbovula deflexa [ 8] Cymbovula segaliana [ 8] Dentiovula eizoi [ 8] Galeravolva aenigma [ 8] Margovula pyriformis [ 8] Margovula schilderorum [ 8] Margovula sp. cf.Margovula tinctilis [ 8] Ovula costellata [ 4] [ 8] Ovula ovum [ 4] [ 8] Phenacovolva aurantia [ 4] [ 8] Phenacovolva brevirostris [ 4] [ 8] Phenacovolva fusula [ 8] Phenacovolva gracillima [ 4] [ 8] Phenacovolva hirasei [ 8] Phenacovolva honkakujiana [ 4] [ 8] Phenacovolva sp. cf.Phenacovolva lahainaensis [ 8] Phenacovolva longirostrata [ 4] [ 8] Phenacovolva recurva [ 8] Phenacovolva poppei [ 4] Phenacovolva rehderi [ 4] [ 8] Phenacovolva rosea [ 8] Phenacovolva rugosa [ 4] [ 8] Phenacovolva weaveri [ 4] [ 8] Primovula beckeri [ 8] Primovula diaphana [ 8] Primovula habui [ 8] Primovula santacarolinensis [ 8] Primovula singularis [ 8] Prosimnia semperi [ 8] Pseudocypraea adamsonii [ 8] Pseudosimnia jeanae [ 8] Serratovolva minabeensis [ 8] Testudovolva pulchella [ 8] Volva kilburni [ 4] [ 8] Volva volva [ 4] [ 8] Xandarovula formosana [ 4] [ 8] Pedicularia elegantissima [ 8] Velutinidae [ 1]
Triviidae - Trivia[ 8] [ 1]
Alaerato gallinacea Cleotrivia globosa Dolichupis producta Eratoena sulcifera Quasipusula vemacola Vema seamount , South Atlantic.Semitrivia hallucinata Sulcerato recondita Trivellona suavis Baby's toesTriviella aperta [ 2] [ 4] Trivia sp. cf.Trivella aperta Triviella calvariola [ 4] Trivia sp. cf.Triviella calvariola Triviella costata Triviella eratoides Triviella khanya [ 4] Triviella lemaitrei Triviella magnidentata [ 4] West coast baby's toesTriviella millardi [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] Triviella multicostata Triviella neglecta [ 4] Baby's toesTriviella ovulata [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] Triviella phalacra [ 2] [ 4] Triviella rubra [ 4] Triviella sanctispiritus [ 4] Triviella splendidissima Triviella verhoefi [ 4] Triviella vesicularis Trivirostra oryza Trivirostra hordacea Tear drops or RiceysTrivirostra pellucidula [ 2] Naticidae - Necklace shells
Eunaticina perobliqua [ 4] Euspira napus [ 4] Mammilla fibrosa [ 4] Comma necklace shellNotocochlis gualteriana Natica gualteriana ) (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[ 2] Natica lineata [ 4] Mottled necklace shellNatica tecta [ 2] Naticarius alapapilionis [ 4] Naticarius manceli [ 4] Naticarius onca [ 4] Neverita albumen [ 4] Neverita perselephanti [ 4] Moon shellPolinices didyma [ 2] Polinices mammilla [ 2] Polinices paciae [ 4] Polinices sebae [ 4] Polinices simiae [ 4] Polinices syrphetodes [ 4] Sinum delessertii [ 4] Sinum haliotoideum [ 4] Sinum laevigatum [ 4] Sinum quasimodoides [ 4] Tanea euzona [ 4] Tanea hilaris [ 4] Tectonatica violacea [ 4] Tonnidae - Tonninae
Tonnidae -Cassinae - Helmet shells
Pustular tritonArgobuccinum pustulosum [ 2] [ 3] Casmaria decipiens [ 4] Casmaria erinaceus [ 4] Casmaria ponderosa [ 4] Cassis cornuta [ 4] Cypraecassis rufa [ 4] Galeodea keyteri [ 4] Oocorys lussii [ 4] Oocorys sulcata [ 4] Checkerboard bonnet shellPhalium areola (Linnaeus, 1758) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[ 4] Phalium fimbria [ 4] Phalium glaucum [ 4] Helmet shellPhalium labiatum zeylanicum [ 2] [ 3] Semicassis labiata zeylanica )[ 4] Semicassis bisulcata [ 4] Semicassis bulla fernandesi [ 4] Semicassis craticulata [ 4] Semicassis faurotis [ 4] Semicassis faurotis [ 4] Semicassis microstoma [ 4] Janthinidae - Violet shells
Bursidae
Ranellidae
Muricidae
Branched murexChicoreus inflatus Chicoreus ramosus ) (Central KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[ 2] Mulberry shellMorula granulata [ 2] Short-spined murexMurex brevispina [ 2] Fenestrate oyster drillOcenebra fenestrata [ 2] Stag shellPteropurpura (Poropteron) graagae [ 2] Pteropurpurea (Poropteron) uncinaria [ 2] Salmon lipped whelkPurpura persica Purpura panama ) (Transkei to Mozambique)[ 2] Thais bufo [ 2] Thais (Mancinella) alouina Mancinella alouina ) (Transkei to Indo-Pacific)[ 2] Knobbly dogwhelkThais capensis [ 2] Thais savignyi [ 2] Thais wahlbergi [ 2] Girdled dogwhelkNucella cingulata [ 2] Common dogwhelkNucella dubia [ 2] Scaly dogwhelkNucella squamosa [ 2] [ 3] Buccinidae
Buccinidae -Photinae
Fasciolariidae
Mitridae - Mitres
Strombidae - Strombs
Aporrhaidae - pelican foot shells
Nassariidae
Dogwhelks
Nassarius albescens gemmuliferus [ 2] Shielded dogwhelkNassarius arcularius plicatus [ 2] Cape dogwhelkNassarius capensis [ 2] [ 3] Nassarius coronatus [ 2] Tick shellNassarius kraussianus [ 2] Lattice dogwhelkNassarius plicatellus [ 2] Purple-lipped dogwhelkNassarius speciosus [ 2] Plough shells
Annulated plough shellBullia annulata [ 2] [ 3] Bullia callosa [ 2] Finger plough shellBullia digitalis [ 2] [ 3] Fat plough shellBullia laevissima [ 2] [ 3] Bullia mozambicensis [ 2] Pleated plough shellBullia natalensis [ 2] Pure plough shellBullia pura [ 2] Smooth plough shellBullia rhodostoma [ 2] Olividae - Olive shells
Marginellidae - Marginellas
Conidae - Cone shells
Cancellariidae
See article List of marine heterobranch gastropods of South Africa
^a b c d WoRMS ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv Branch, G.M. Griffiths, C.L. Branch, M.L. Beckley, L.E.Two Oceans: A guide to the marine life of southern Africa. 5th impression, David Philip, Cape Town, 2000.ISBN 0-86486-250-4 ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Jones, Georgina.A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape Peninsula. SURG, Cape Town, 2008.ISBN 978-0-620-41639-9 ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej Steyn, D.G. & Lussi, M. 2005.Offshore Shells of Southern Africa ISBN 0-620-33607-2 ^a b c d e f g h i j Kilburn, R. and Rippey, E.Sea Shells of Southern Africa MacMillan South Africa 1982ISBN 0-86954-094-7 ^a b Nangammbi T. C. & Herbert D. G. (2006). "Two new species ofTricolia Risso , 1826 from South Africa (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Phasianellidae)".African Invertebrates 47 : 11-22.abstract Archived 4 October 2011 at theWayback Machine ^ Nangammbi T. C. & Herbert D. G. (2008). "A new species of pheasant shell from the south-western Indian Ocean (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Phasianellidae:Tricolia )".African Invertebrates 49 (2): 13-19.abstract Archived 15 June 2009 at theWayback Machine ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd Liltved, William Rune.Cowries and their relatives of southern Africa: A study of the southern African Cypraeacean and Velutinacean gastropod fauna , Gordon Verhoef, Seacomber Publications, 2000.ISBN 0-908420-89-7 ^ Vos C. (2005). "A new species ofTonna Brünnich, 1772 (Gastropoda, Tonnidae) (Tonna berthae ) from South-African waters".Gloria Maris 44 (1-2): 10-17. ^ Gofas, S. (2010).Ranella olearium (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species athttp://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141115 on 2010-12-13 ^a b c d e Petit R. E. & Harasewych M. G. (2000). "Additions to the Cancellariid (Mollusca: Neogastropoda) Fauna of South Africa".Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 113 (1): 145-154.http://hdl.handle.net/10088/8310 Nakin M. D. V. (2009). "Effects of marine reserves on the biology of rocky intertidal limpets along the southern coast of South Africa". PhD thesis, Rhodes University.abstract ,PDF .
National taxon checklists
Plants
Animals Arthropods Arachnids Harvestmen Microwhip scorpions Pseudoscorpions Scorpions Shorttailed whipscorpions Solifugae Araneae Ixodida Whip spiders and tailless whip scorpions Insects Alderflies, dobsonflies and fishflies Beetles Booklice, barklice and barkflies Butterflies and moths Caddisflies Cockroaches and termites Dragonflies and damselflies Earwigs Fleas Flies Jumping bristletails Lice Mantises Mayflies Net-winged insects Notoptera Orthoptera Sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants Scorpionflies Silverfish and firebrats Stick and leaf insects Stoneflies Strepsiptera Termites Thrips True bugs Webspinners
Molluscs Vertebrates
Seaweeds Fungi Related
Regional taxon checklists and other minor lists
Biodiversity research in SA
Research Research Citizen science Botanical Taxonomists
Related
Regional biodiversity Legislation Publications
