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List of largest peaceful gatherings

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This is alist of the largest historic peaceful gatherings of people in the world at one place for a single event.

Over hundred million

[edit]
EventContinuous
Multi-Day
Participation		Single DayTypeLocationCountryRef.
DateSingle Day
Participants
2025 Prayag Maha Kumbh Mela670 million29 January 202576 millionPilgrimagePrayagraj India[1][2]
2019 Prayag Ardh Kumbh Mela240 million4 February 201950 millionPilgrimagePrayagraj India[3][4]
2013 Prayag Kumbh Mela120 million10 February 201330 millionPilgrimagePrayagraj India[5][6]


Ten to hundred million

[edit]
EventContinuous
Multi-Day
Participation		Single DayTypeLocationCountryNotesRef.
DateSingle Day
Participants
2010 Haridwar Kumbh Mela70 million14 April 201010 millionPilgrimageHaridwar India[7][8][need quotation to verify]
Durga Puja in Kolkata30 millionSeptember–October

(9–13 October, 2024)

Annual Hindu Festival & Public Art FestivalKolkataIndiaDurga Puja, the ten-day worship of the Hindu mother-goddessDurga, is not only a massive cultural and religious festival but also a significant art expression. Recognized as aUNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, it transforms the city into a vibrant public art gallery with large-scalepandals (temporary structures), massiveart installations, display of traditionalBengali culture and public performances. The festival involves collaborative artists and designers, showcasing a unique blend of religious devotion andartistic creativity. This is one of the largest annually celebratedfestival in India. It is widely recognized as the world's largest Public Art Festival.[9][10][11]
Arba'een Pilgrimage30 million2017PilgrimageKarbala Iraq[12][13]
Arba'een Pilgrimage27 million2015PilgrimageKarbala Iraq[citation needed]
Arba'een Pilgrimage22 million2023PilgrimageKarbala Iraq[14]
Arba'een Pilgrimage21.2 million2022PilgrimageKarbala Iraq[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]
Arba'een Pilgrimage21 million17 Sep 2022PilgrimageKarbala Iraq[23][need quotation to verify]
Arba'een Pilgrimage20 million2014PilgrimageKarbala Iraq[24][25]
2001 Prayag Kumbh Mela20 million30 January 2001PilgrimagePrayagraj India[26]
Arba'een Pilgrimage16.3 millionSeptember 2021PilgrimageKarbala Iraq[27]
Arba'een Pilgrimage15.3 millionOctober 2018PilgrimageKarbala Iraq[27]
Arba'een Pilgrimage15.2 millionOctober 2019PilgrimageKarbala Iraq[27]
Arba'een Pilgrimage15–18 millionJanuary 2013PilgrimageKarbala Iraq[28][29]
Arba'een Pilgrimage15 millionJanuary 2012PilgrimageKarbala Iraq[30][31]
Arba'een Pilgrimage15 millionJanuary 2011PilgrimageKarbala Iraq[32]
Funeral ofC. N. Annadurai15 million4 February 196915 millionFuneralMarina Beach,Chennai India[33]
Arba'een Pilgrimage14.6 millionOctober 2020PilgrimageKarbala Iraq[27]
Arba'een Pilgrimage14 million2017PilgrimageKarbala Iraq[34][35]
Martyrdom processions ofMusa al-Kazim12 million2016Muslim Martyrdom processionsKadhimiya,Baghdad Iraq[36][37]
Martyrdom processions of Musa al-Kazim12 million2015Martyrdom processionsKadhimiya,Baghdad Iraq[38]
Arba'een Pilgrimage11.2 millionNovember 2016PilgrimageKarbala Iraq[27]
Funeral ofRuhollah Khomeini10.2 million6 June 1989FuneralTehran Iran[39]
Arba'een Pilgrimage10–14 million2009PilgrimageKarbala Iraq[citation needed]
Arba'een Pilgrimage10 millionJanuary 2010PilgrimageKarbala Iraq[40][41][42]
Vindhyachal Temple fair10 millionFebruary 2025Hindu pilgrimageVindhyachal India[43]
  • Approximately 50 and 30 million people attended the Prayagraj Ardh Kumbh Mela in 2019 and Maha Maha Kumbh Mela in 2013, respectively to bathe in the Ganges, making them the largest peaceful gathering events in the world.
    Approximately 50 and 30 million people attended thePrayagraj Ardh Kumbh Mela in 2019 and Maha Maha Kumbh Mela in 2013, respectively to bathe in theGanges, making them the largest peaceful gathering events in the world.[4][6]
  • People taking part in the Arba'een Pilgrimage
    People taking part in the Arba'een Pilgrimage
  • Attendees at the funeral of Ruhollah Khomeini
    Attendees at the funeral ofRuhollah Khomeini

Five to ten million

[edit]
EventDateParticipantsTypeLocationCountryNotesRef.
Feast of the Black Nazarene9 January 2025Over 8.1 millionReligious holidayManila Philippines[44]
Celebration of GeneralDouglas MacArthur after he wasrelieved of duty by PresidentHarry S. Truman20 April 19517.5 millionCelebrationNew York City USA[45]
Martyrdom anniversary ofImam HusseinOctober 20157–9 millionMartyrdom anniversaryKarbala Iraq[46]
Mass on the Feast ofSanto Niño at theapostolic and state visit of Pope Francis in the Philippines18 January 20156–7 millionReligious gatheringRizal Park,Manila PhilippinesLargest papal crowd in history[47][48][49]
Feast of the Black Nazarene9 January 2024Over 6 millionReligious holidayManila Philippines[50][51][52]
Mid-Sha'ban celebration6 July 2012Over 6 millionReligious holidayKarbala Iraq[53]
Feast of the Black Nazarene9 January 2015Over 5.5 millionReligious holidayManila PhilippinesAhead of Pope Francis' visit[54][55][56]
Mid-Sha'ban pilgrimage to the Shrine ofImam Hussein20 July 2011Over 5 millionPilgrimageKarbala Iraq[57]
Appearance ofPope John Paul II atWorld Youth Day 1995January 1995Over 5 millionReligious gatheringManila PhilippinesLargest papal crowd in history until visit of Pope Francis to Manila on 18 January 2015[58]
Parade celebratingArgentina national football team's victory at the2022 FIFA World CupDecember 2022Over 5 millionSports rallyBuenos Aires Argentina[59][60][61]

Two to five million

[edit]
EventDateParticipantsTypeLocationCountryNotesRef.
Democracy and Martyrs' Rally7 August 20165 millionPolitical rallyIstanbul Turkey5 million according to Istanbul Police Department[62]
Chicago Cubs2016 World Series parade4 November 20165 millionSports rallyChicago USAThe Cubs' victory marked their first World Series win since 1908. 5 million people attended according to the Chicago Office of Emergency Management and Communications. However, experts said that there was "reason to be skeptical" about that number, whileGeoffrey Baer said that the OEMC did not respond to multiple calls made byWTTW to consult about the method used to come up with the crowd figure.[63][64][65]
Death anniversary ofImam Kazim30 June 20115 millionPilgrimageAl-Kadhimiya Mosque,Kadhimiyah Iraq[66]
Funeral ofGamal Abdel Nasser1 October 19705 millionFuneralCairo Egypt[67][68]
Bishwa Ijtema20105 millionReligious holidayDhaka Bangladesh[69]
Makara Jyothi14 January 20075 millionReligious holidaySabarimala Temple,Sabarimala India[70]
Rod Stewart concert31 December 19944.2 millionMusic performanceRio de Janeiro Brazil[71]
Ashura2010Over 4 millionReligious holidayKarbala Iraq[72][better source needed]
Funeral ofUmm Kulthum6 February 19754 millionFuneralCairo Egypt[73][74]
WorldPride30 June 20194 millionCelebrationNew York City USA[75]
Pledge of allegiance toImam Ali16 November 2011Over 3 millionPolitical rallyNajaf Iraq[76]
CGIL labour reform protest23 March 2002Over 3 millionPolitical rallyCircus Maximus,Rome ItalyAgainstSilvio Berlusconi's conservative government's labour reform[77][78]
NabakalebaraRatha Yatra2015Over 3 millionReligious holidayPuri India[79]
Jean-Michel Jarre concert19973.5 millionMusic performanceMoscow RussiaCelebration of the 850th birthday of Moscow[citation needed]
Santo Niño de Cebú19 January 20143.2 millionReligious gatheringCebu City Philippines[80][81][82]
Hajj toMecca20123.16 millionPilgrimageMecca Saudi Arabia[83]
Narmada CircumbulationMarch–April 20253 millionHindu FestivalNarmada River India3 million at least[84]
Funeral of Ayrton Senna5 May 19943 millionFuneralSão PauloBrazil100 million moretelevision viewers[85]
Death anniversary ofMuhammad andImam Hassan3 February 20113 millionReligious gatheringNajaf Iraq[86]
Ramadaniftar13 July 20133 millionReligious gatheringImam Reza shrine,Mashhad IranLargest-ever iftar[87][better source needed]
Anti-war rally against theU.S.-led invasion of Iraq15 February 20033 millionPolitical rallyRome Italy[88][89]
Benazir Bhutto's return from exile19863 millionCelebrationLahore PakistanThe procession covered the 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) distance from theLahore Airport toMinar-e-Pakistan in over ten hours.[90]
ClosingMass ofWorld Youth Day 20133 millionReligious gatheringCopacabana Beach,Rio de Janeiro Brazil[91]
Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II2 June 19533 millionCelebrationLondon UK[92]
Boston Red Sox's2004 World Series win30 October 20043 millionSports rallyBoston USAThe victory ended an 86-year drought of World Series championships and ended the era of the famousCurse of the Bambino.[93]
ClosingMass ofWorld Youth Day 20162016Up to 3 millionReligious gatheringKraków Poland[94][95]
New Year's Eve Party31 DecemberOver 2 millionCelebrationCopacabana Beach,Rio de Janeiro BrazilWorld's largest New Year's Eve party[96]
Hajj toMecca2016Over 2 millionPilgrimageMount Arafat,Mecca Saudi Arabia[citation needed]
2019–20 Hong Kong protests18 August 2019Over 2 millionPolitical rallyHong Kong Island ChinaFollowing the indefinite suspension of thecontroversial extradition bill, protestors asked theHong Kong government to respond to their five demands, and protested against the abusive violence ofthe city's police force and its collusion with the mobs. The organiser claimed a total number of attendees of over 1.7 million (only counting people inCauseway Bay andTin Hau areas) while a lot of people gathered aroundWan Chai,Central andSheung Wan. An estimated number of over 2 million people took part in the march.[97]
International Kolkata Book Fair 202528 January – 9 February, 20252.9 millionBook FairKolkataIndiaInternational Kolkata Book Fair is the world's largest non-trade book fair,Asia's largest book fair (by publishers) and the most attended book fair in the world. It is the world's third-largest annual conglomeration of books after theFrankfurt Book Fair and theLondon Book Fair.[98][99]
Hajj toMeccaNovember 20102.8 millionPilgrimageMecca Saudi ArabiaNumber excludes unregistered pilgrims, which were over 0.75 million.[100]
Feast of the Black NazareneJanuary 20082.6 millionReligious holidayManila Philippines[101]
Lady Gaga'sMayhem on the Beach concert in Rio de Janeiro3 May 20252.5 millionConcertCopacabana Beach,Rio de Janeiro Brazil[102]
Funeral ofPuneeth Rajkumar29 October 20212.5 millionFuneralBangalore India[103]
Funeral ofAkbar Hashemi Rafsanjani10 January 20172.5 – 4.5 millionFuneralTehran Iran[104][105][106]
Art of Living Silver Jubilee Celebration20162.5 millionCelebrationBangalore India[107]
Pastoral visit of Pope John Paul II to Poland2 April 20052.5 millionReligious gatheringBłonia Park,Kraków Poland[108]
São Paulo Gay Pride ParadeJune 20062.5 millionCelebrationSão Paulo Brazil[109]
Funeral ofMahatma Gandhi31 January 19482.5 millionFuneralNew Delhi India[110]
Funeral of Pope John Paul II8 April 20052 - 4 millionFuneralVatican Vatican[111][112]
Chicago Blackhawks2013 Stanley Cup parade20132 millionSports rallyChicago USA[113]
Philadelphia Flyers1974 Stanley Cup parade19742 millionSports rallyPhiladelphia USA[114]
Philadelphia Phillies2008 World Series parade31 October 20082 millionSports rallyBroad Street,Philadelphia USA[115]
Funeral ofZiaur Rahman2 June 19812 millionFuneral Bangladesh[116][117]
Spain national football team2010 FIFA World Cup parade20102 millionSports rallyMadrid Spain[118]
Attukal Pongala4 March 20072 millionReligious holidayAttukal Temple,Attukal IndiaLargest gathering of women in history, overtaking the record set by the same festival on 23 February 1997[119]
Baltic Way demonstration23 August 19892 millionPolitical rallyBetweenVilnius,Riga andTallinn Lithuania, Latvia, EstoniaThe demonstrators formed an uninterrupted 675 kilometres (419 mi) human chain.[120]
Bicentennial of theMay Revolution25 May 20102 millionCelebration9 de Julio avenue,Buenos Aires Argentina[121]
Funeral ofBal Thackeray18 November 20122 millionFuneralMumbai India7 kilometres (4.3 mi)-longcortège[122][123]
Bishwa Ijtema20012 millionReligious holidayDhaka Bangladesh[124][non-primary source needed]
People Power RevolutionFebruary 19862 millionPolitical rallyManila PhilippinesResulted in the downfall ofPresident Ferdinand Marcos[125][126]
Funeral ofBenigno Aquino Jr.31 August 19832 millionFuneral Philippines[127]
Funeral ofCorazon Aquino5 August 20092 millionFuneral Philippines[127]
World Youth DayAugust 20002 millionReligious gatheringRome Italy[128]
Ashura24 December 20132 millionReligious gatheringRaja Bazaar,Rawalpindi PakistanGathering prior to theAshura riots; commemoration of Chehlum ofImam Hussain. Despite threats fromTakfiri groups against the assembledShia Muslims, the Takfiris eventually were forced to retreat.[129]
Iglesia ni Cristo's 100th anniversary27 July 20142 millionCelebrationCiudad de Victoria Philippines[130][131]
Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer29 July 19812 millionWeddingLondon UK[132]
Ashura9 August 20132 millionReligious holidayHussani Chuk Skardu,Gilgit-Baltistan PakistanCommemoration of Majlis ofImam Hussain[citation needed]
2019–20 Hong Kong protests16 June 20192 millionPolitical rallyHong Kong Island ChinaAround 30% of the population protestedHong Kong Chief ExecutiveCarrie Lam delayinga controversial extradition bill, calling on her to completely withdraw the legislation and resign. The crowd also protested against the violence of the city's police force towards the protestors on 12 June 2019.[133]
Toronto Raptors2019 NBA Championship parade17 June 20192 millionSports rallyToronto Canada[134]
December 2016 Jakarta protestsDecember 20162 millionPolitical rallyMonas,Jakarta IndonesiaThe protests demanded the termination of the gubernatorial office held byBasuki Tjahaja Purnama, who had been accused as a suspect in the blasphemy case.[135]

One to two million

[edit]
EventDateParticipantsTypeLocationCountryNotesRef.
Surajkunds Annual International Crafts Mela1–16 February 20201.3 millionCraft FestivalFaridabad IndiaAnnual international crafts festival held inNational Capital Region (India).[137]
Vindhyachal Temple fair13 days in 20241.5 millionHindu pilgrimageVindhyachal IndiaAnnual religious pilgrimage inUttar Pradesh.[43]
Funeral ofUlysses S. Grant08 August 18851.5 millionFuneralNew York City USAGrant's pallbearers were GeneralsWilliam Tecumseh Sherman andPhilip Sheridan, who had fought for the Union, andSimon Bolivar Buckner andJoseph E. Johnston, who had fought for the Confederacy. Union and Confederate officers in the procession rode together in the same carriages.[138]
First inauguration of Barack Obama20 January 20091.8 millionPolitical rallyWashington, DC USA[139]
Rally forCatalan independence11 September 20141.8 millionPolitical rallyBarcelona SpainProtestors drew an 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) V-shaped Catalan flag with their red and yellow T-shirts.[140]
Madonna'sCelebration Tour concert in Rio de Janeiro4 May 20241.6 millionConcertCopacabana Beach,Rio de Janeiro BrazilAs closure for her Celebration tour, Madonna organised a free concert in Rio's Copacabana beach, gathering a crowd of 1.6 million.[141]
Support for theTiananmen Square protests of 198919891.5 – 2 millionPolitical rallyHong Kong ChinaThe line of people extended fromNorth Point toSheung Wan, with all six lanes ofKing's Road (Hong Kong),Hennessy Road andDes Voeux Road crowded with people. Many undergroundMTR stations onHong Kong Island were full of people, and many people who could not participate in the demonstration above ground were stuck in the congested MTR stations. Therefore the exact amount of demonstrators could only be estimated.[142]
IAF Air Show6 October 20241.5 millionAir showChennai India92nd Indian Air Force Day[143]
Diretas Já Movement19841.5 millionPolitical rallySão Paulo BrazilLargest political protest in Brazil's history[144]
San Francisco Pride20131.5 millionCelebrationSan Francisco USAThis occurred in the wake of the Supreme Court decisions onDOMA andProposition 8.[145][146]
Live 8 concert2 July 20051.5 millionMusic performancePhiladelphia USA[147]
Funeral ofJawaharlal Nehru19641.5 millionFuneralNew Delhi India[148]
2012 Catalan independence demonstration11 September 20121.5 millionPolitical rallyBarcelona Spain[149]
World Youth Day 20231–6 August 20231.5 millionReligious gatheringLisbon Portugal[150]
Funeral of theDuke of Wellington18 November 18521.5 millionFuneralLondon UKThe crowd had travelled from all over the United Kingdom by train and represented more than five percent of the total population[151]
World Youth Day 201116–21 August 20111.4 millionReligious gatheringMadrid Spain[152]
Cleveland Cavaliers2016 NBA Championship parade22 June 20161.3 millionSports rallyCleveland USAThe victory ended a 52-yearCleveland sports curse.[153]
Pope John Paul II'spapal mass inIreland29 September 19791.25 millionReligious gatheringPhoenix Park,Dublin IrelandThe estimated attendance was about one third of the population of Ireland.[154]
Mother of All Marches19 April 2017Over 1.2 millionPolitical rallyAcross the country VenezuelaThe demonstrations resulted from the2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis.[155]
Anti-terrorism rally in the aftermath of theCharlie Hebdo shooting11 January 20151.2 – 1.6 millionPolitical rallyParis FranceAn additional 2.1 – 2.5 million people marched across the world in solidarity. This gathering was the largest in French history.[156]
Cedar Revolution14 March 20051.2 millionPolitical rallyBeirut Lebanon[157]
La marcha más grande de Chile25 October 20191.2 millionPolitical rallySantiago ChilePart of a series ofprotests demanding a new constitution, reforms in Chile's education, healthcare and pension systems, among many other reforms[158]
Sun Myung Moon'sYeouido rally19751.2 millionReligious gathering/political rallyYoido South Korea[159]
Billy Graham Crusade1973Over 1.1 millionReligious gatheringYoido Plaza,Seoul South Korea[160][161]
Ashadhi EkadashiOngoing1.1 – 1.5 millionPilgrimageVithoba Temple,Pandharpur India[162][163]
Praja Rajyam Party launch meeting26 August 20081.1- 1.5 millionPolitical meetingGuntur IndiaLargest political meeting in Indian history[164]
Funeral ofEnrico Berlinguer13 June 1984Over 1 millionFuneralRome Italy[165]
Love Parade25 August 2007Over 1 millionCelebrationEssen Germany[166]
Anti-FARC protest4 February 2008Over 1 millionPolitical rallyBogotá Colombia[167]
Kashmirself determination memorandum1 March 1990Over 1 millionPolitical rallyUN Military Observer Group Headquarters,Srinagar India[168][169]
Anniversary ofMuhammad's death10 December 2015Over 1 millionReligious gatheringImam Reza shrine,Mashhad Iran[citation needed]
Samarra Pilgrimage15 November 2016Over 1 millionPilgrimageAl-Askari Shrine,Samarra Iraq[170]
Toma de Caracas1 September 2016Over 1 millionPolitical rallyCaracas VenezuelaProtestors demanded a recall election against PresidentNicolás Maduro. The gathering was called the "largest demonstration in the history of Venezuela" with over 3% of the nation's entire population.[171]
Denver BroncosSuper Bowl 50 parade2015Over 1 millionSports rallyDenver USA[172]
2019–20 Hong Kong protests9 June 20191.03 millionPolitical rallyHong Kong ChinaProtest against the2019 Hong Kong extradition bill[173]
Funeral of Qasem Soleimani6 January 2020Over 1 millionFuneralTehran Iran[174]
Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales6 September 19971 millionFuneralLondon UK[175]
Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton29 April 20111 millionWeddingLondon UK[176]
Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II4 June 20021 millionCelebrationThe Mall, London UK[177]
Procession in commemoration ofHans Ji Maharaj8 October 19701 millionCommemorationNew Delhi India[178][179]
Beatification of Pope John Paul II1 May 20111 millionReligious gatheringSaint Peter's Square Vatican City[180][181][182]
2017 pro-jallikattu protests21 January 20171 millionMarina Beach,Chennai India[183]
Anti-nuclear protests in the United States12 June 19821 millionPolitical rallyCentral Park,New York City USACall for an end to theCold Wararms race. It was the largest anti-nuclear protest and the largest political demonstration in American history.[184]
Pro-People's Vote onBrexit march23 March 20191 millionPolitical rallyLondon (end point:Parliament Square) UK[185]
Earth Day22 April 1990750,000 to 1.5 millionCelebrationCentral Park,New York City USA[186][187]
Death ofZubeen Garg21–22 September 2025700,000 to 1.5 millionFuneral processionGuwahati India[188][189]

Methodology

[edit]

A method of determining how many people are at an event is the scientific analysis of photographs, video images, or both. Based on the quality of the image, it is possible to do a physical head count or to estimate attendance based on the density of people within similar areas. This permits the estimation of people over large areas or where parts of the image are obscured. An extensive discussion of how images were used to estimate the number of attendees at theMillion Man March can be found at the Center for Remote Sensing atBoston University's website.[190][164]

References

[edit]
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