Native name: Mokupuni o Hawaiʻi | |
|---|---|
 Location of Hawaii within the United States | |
| Geography | |
| Location | North Pacific |
| Archipelago | Hawaiian Islands |
| Total islands | Approximately 132 islands (including 4 of theMidway Atoll) |
| Major islands | Hawaiʻi,Maui,Kahoʻolawe.Lānaʻi,Molokaʻi,Oʻahu,Kauaʻi,Niʻihau |
| Area | 16,640 km2 (6,420 sq mi) |
| Length | 2,400 km (1490 mi) |
| Width | 6.93 km (4.306 mi) |
| Coastline | 1,210 km (752 mi) |
| Highest point | 4,205 m (13,796 ft) (Mauna Kea) |
| Administration | |
United States | |
| State | Hawaii (excluding the federally governedMidway Atoll) |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 1,455,271 (2020) |
The following is alist of the islands in Hawaii. The state ofHawaii, consisting of theHawaiian Islands, has thefourth-longest ocean coastline of the 50 states (afterAlaska,Florida, andCalifornia) at 1,210 kilometres (750 mi). It is the only state that consists entirely of islands, with 16,634.5 km2 (6,422.6 mi2) of land. The Hawaiian Island archipelago extends some 2,400 kilometres (1,500 mi) from the southernmost island ofHawaiʻi to the northernmostKure Atoll. Despite being within the boundaries of Hawaii,Midway Atoll, comprising several smaller islands, is not included as an island of Hawaii, because it is classified as aUnited States Minor Outlying Islands and is therefore administered by the federal government and not the state. ThePalmyra Atoll, historically claimed by bothHawaii and theUnited States is not included because it was separated from Hawaii when it became a state in 1959 and is part of theUnited States Minor Outlying Islands. TheJohnston Atoll which is not included in this list was claimed by both the United States and theHawaiian Kingdom in 1858 but the Hawaiian Claim was revoked byKing Kamehameha the IV later that year upon his learning of the US claim to the island and is now part of theUnited States Minor Outlying Islands.
Hawaii is divided into fivecounties:Hawaiʻi,Honolulu,Kalawao,Kauaʻi, andMaui. Each island is included in the boundaries and under the administration of one of these counties. Honolulu County, despite being centralized, administers the outlyingNorthwestern Hawaiian Islands. Kalawao (the smallest county in the United States in terms of land area) and Maui, both occupying the island of Molokaʻi, are the only counties that share an island. Hawaii is typically recognized by its eight main islands of which seven are inhabited. The main eight islands of Hawaii are:
| Island | Area (km²) | Area (mi²) | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hawaiʻi (The Big Island) | 10,430 | 4,028 | 201,513 |
| Kahoʻolawe | 116.47 | 45 | 0 |
| Kauaʻi | 1,456.4 | 562.3 | 58,303 |
| Lānaʻi | 364 | 140.5 | 3,193 |
| Maui | 1,883 | 727.2 | 117,644 |
| Molokaʻi | 673.4 | 260 | 7,404 |
| Niʻihau | 180 | 69.5 | 160 |
| Oʻahu[1] | 1,545 | 596.7 | 876,156 |
The state of Hawaii officially recognizes only 137 islands in the state which includes four islands of the Midway Atoll.[2] An island in this sense may also include much smaller and typically uninhabitedislets,rocks,coral reefs, andatolls. For that reason, this article lists 152 separate islands (but also names smaller island chains such as theFrench Frigate Shoals, which includes 13 islands of its own). Some of these are too small to appear on maps, and others, such as Maro Reef, only appear above the water's surface during times of low tide. Others, such as the islands Shark and Skate, have completely eroded away.
The majority of the Hawaiian Islands are uninhabited, with Niʻihau being the westernmost island with a population of around 130 natives, no one else is allowed on the island. All the islands west of Niʻihau—those categorized as the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands—are unpopulated and recently incorporated into thePapahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. The island of Oʻahu has just over one million residents (about 70% of the state's population), and the island of Hawaiʻi is by far the largest island with an area of 10,430 km2 (4,030 mi2)—62.7% of the state's land area. The islands were first settled as early as AD 300 byPolynesian long-distance navigators. British captainJames Cook was the first European to land on the islands in January 1778.[3] The islands, which were governed independently up until 1898 were then annexed by the United States as a territory from 1898 to 1959. On August 21, 1959, they were collectively admitted as the 50th state.
The islands are the exposed peaks of a great undersea mountain range known as theHawaiian–Emperor seamount chain, formed by volcanic activity over ahotspot in the Earth's mantle. Thearchipelago formed as the Pacificplate moved slowly northwestward over a hotspot in the mantle at about 51 kilometres (32 mi) per million years. The islands in the northwest of the archipelago are older and typically smaller, due to longer exposure to erosion. The age of the archipelago has been estimated usingpotassium-argon dating methods.[4] It is estimated that the northwesternmostKure Atoll is the oldest at approximately 28 million years, while the southeasternmost Hawaiʻi Island is approximately 400,000 years old and still subjected to ongoing volcanism—one of the most active hotspots on Earth.[5][6]
Note that there are typos in the sources for the smaller islands, such as 'Mokuʻlai',[1] which is not a possible Hawaiian name. Theʻokina and macrons for long vowels are mostly missing from the lists below.
Hawaiʻi County centers onHawaiʻi Island. With an area of 4,028 mi2 (10,430 km2), it is larger than all of the other islands of Hawaii combined, encompassing approximately 62.7% of the entire state's land area. It is also thelargest island in the United States. In modern times, Hawaiʻi is known commonly as the "Big Island" to reduce confusion between the island and the state itself. The island also contains the state's highest peak:Mauna Kea at 13,803 feet (4,207 m). Hawaiʻi County as a whole has 27 islands and a total population of 185,079.
Known officially as theCity and County of Honolulu, the county includes both the urban district ofHonolulu (the state's largest city and capital) and the rest of the island ofOʻahu, as well as several minor surrounding islands. The county also administers theNorthwestern Hawaiian Islands with the exception of the federally governedMidway Atoll. The county's population in 2010 was 953,207, making it the 43rd most populated county in the United States. At 596.7 mi2 (1,545 km2), the island of Oʻahu is the third largest island and also the most populated, accounting for approximately 70% of the entire state's population. The county as a whole has 63 islands, and 32 of those belong to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
TheNorthwestern Hawaiian Islands (also known as the Leeward Islands) are the small islands and atolls in the Hawaiian island chain located northwest of the larger islands ofKauaʻi andNiʻihau. For administrative purposes, all of these islands are controlled byHonolulu County. The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands consist of nine main islands and innumerableislets,coral reefs,atolls,sandbar, and intermittent islands—some of which are officially named. All of these islands account for only 3.1075 mi2 (8.048 km2) and have no permanent residents.
Midway Atoll, sometimes referred to as Midway Island, is a 2.4 mi2 (6.2 km2) archipelago. For quite some time, it had a permanent population of naval personnel. It is one of the northwesternmost islands, located 161 miles (259 km) east of theInternational Date Line.Kure Atoll is the only island west at 55 miles (89 km) beyond Midway Atoll. It also observes a different time zone (Samoa Time Zone) than the rest of the Hawaiian Islands. Because of its strong military history, Midway Atoll is classified as aMinor Outlying Island, an unorganized territory of the United States and is therefore not under the jurisdiction of Hawaii. Midway Atoll consists of four individual islands.
Kalawao County contains no individual islands of its own. With a census population of 90, the county is the country's smallest county in terms of population with 44 fewer residents thanLoving County, Texas. At 13.21 mi2 (34.2 km2), it is the smallest county by land area in the United States and is often omitted from maps. Kalawao County shares the island ofMolokaʻi withMaui County and occupies only 5% of the island's 260 mi2 (670 km2) and 1.2% of the island's 7,404 residents.
Kauaʻi County is the northwesternmost county (excluding theNorthwestern Hawaiian Islands) in the state. It occupies the two main islands ofKauaʻi andNiʻihau. Kauai is fourth largest island in the Hawaiian archipelago at 562.3 mi2 (1,456 km2). With a population of 58,303 (2000), it holds 99.7% of the county's population of 58,463. The remaining 160 residents reside on Niʻihau.Lehua andKaʻula are the third and fourth largest islands, although they are very small and uninhabited. Kaʻula is the westernmost of the Hawaiian Islands not included in the Northwestern Hawaiian Island chain. The county as a whole has eight islands.
Maui County consists of four of the state's main islands:Maui,Kahoʻolawe,Lānaʻi, andMolokaʻi. With a land area of 1,159.20 mi2 (3,002.3 km2), it had a population of 154,834 in 2000. The island of Maui has the most residents at 117,644 (76% of the county's population). It is also the largest of the county's islands with 727.2 mi2 (1,883 km2) of land—the state's second largest island and the17th largest in the country. At 44.6 mi2 (116 km2), Kahoʻolawe is the state's largest island with no permanent inhabitants. Lānaʻi has a population of 3,193; Molokaʻi has a population of 7,404. Molokaʻi is the only island in Hawaii that is divided between two counties. With a population of 90,Kalawao County occupies a tiny 13.21 mi2 (34.2 km2) portion on the northern shore of the island. Maui County contains 59 named islands.
State ofHawaii | |
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Honolulu (capital) | |
| Topics | |
| Society | |
| Main islands | |
| Northwestern Islands | |
| Counties | |
| Pre-statehood history | |
