| President of the Transitional Sovereignty Council of the Republic of Sudan | |
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| رئيس مجلس السيادة الانتقالي لجمهورية السودان (Arabic) | |
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| Executive branch of the Sudanese Government Head of state of the Republic of Sudan | |
| Residence | Republican Palace,Khartoum |
| Seat | Khartoum |
| Formation | 26 December 1955; 69 years ago (1955-12-26) |
| First holder | Five-memberSovereignty Council(collective presidency) |
| Salary | US$29,320 annually[2] |
| Website | www |
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Judiciary
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This article lists theheads of state ofSudan since the establishment of theFirst Sovereignty Council in 1955, prior to the country'sindependence.
Since independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1956, six individuals (and three multi-membersovereignty councils) have served ashead of state ofSudan, currently under the titlePresident of the Republic of Sudan. Prior to independence, Sudan was governed as acondominium byEgypt and theUnited Kingdom, under the nameAnglo-Egyptian Sudan. As such, executive power was vested in adyarchy consisting of both countries' heads of state – at the time of independence, theQueen of the United Kingdom (Elizabeth II) and theEgyptian Revolutionary Command Council (headed byGamal Abdel Nasser). Immediately following independence, the role of head of state was filled by a five-member Sovereignty Council, with rivalnationalist factions unable to agree on a single candidate. In November 1958, GeneralIbrahim Abboud led amilitary coup d'état, assuming the role of head of state as Chairman of the Supreme Council. Assuming the title of president in 1964, he resigned later that year due to general discontent around the rule of the military regime. Abboud was succeeded by a senior civil servant,Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, who served as acting president for 18 days before transferring executive authority to a Committee of Sovereignty.
Ismail al-Azhari, the leader of theNational Unionist Party, was made president in July 1965; he ruled with limited power until he was deposed in a1969 military coup. The military officers responsible for the coup established theNational Revolutionary Command Council, chaired byJaafar Nimeiry. Nimeiry, the leader of the newly formedSudanese Socialist Union, assumed the position of president in 1971, and subsequently established aone-party state, which existed until 1985, when a group of military officersoverthrew his government and established the1985 Transitional Military Council, led by Field MarshalAbdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab.Ahmed al-Mirghani succeeded to the relatively powerless position of Chairman of the Supreme Council in 1986, aftermulti-party election held that year. He was deposed in a1989 military coup led by Lieutenant-GeneralOmar al-Bashir. Al-Bashir served as head of state, under the title of Chairman of theRevolutionary Command Council for National Salvation from 1989 to 1993 and as president from 1993 to 2019 (and from 1996 as the leader of theNational Congress Party).
Al-Bashir wasremoved from power by theSudanese Armed Forces on 11 April 2019, amid theSudanese revolution after holding the office for nearly 30 years. Lieutenant-GeneralAhmed Awad Ibn Auf took control of Sudan without becoming head of state, established the2019 Transitional Military Council, but resigned the following day in favor of Lieutenant-GeneralAbdel Fattah al-Burhan.[3] The Transitional Military Council was replaced with theTransitional Sovereignty Council on 21 August 2019, under the chairmanship of al-Burhan.[4] The Sovereignty Council, an 11-member civilian-militarycollective head of state, is designed to lead the country for 39 months in thetransition to democracy, which is supposed to end with thenext general election.[5] The Transitional Sovereignty Council was dissolved by al-Burhan on 25 October 2021, following acoup d'état.[6] Al-Burhan reinstated it on 11 November 2021, with some members replaced.[7][8][9]
As of 2021, there is a two-term limit for the president in theConstitution of Sudan. The term limit has not been met by any president yet.[10]
(Dates in italics indicatede facto continuation of office)
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
| 1 | .svg) | First Sovereignty Council [a] | — | 26 December 1955 | 17 November 1958 (Deposed) | 2 years, 326 days | Independent |
| 2 |  | Ibrahim Abboud (1900–1983) | — | 17 November 1958 | 16 November 1964 (Resigned) | 5 years, 365 days | Military |
| — |  | Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa (1919–2006) Acting President | — | 16 November 1964 | 3 December 1964 | 17 days | National Umma Party |
| 3 | | Second Sovereignty Council [b] | — | 3 December 1964 | 10 June 1965 | 189 days | Independent |
| 4 | Third Sovereignty Council [c] | 10 June 1965 | 25 May 1969 (Deposed) | 3 years, 349 days | |||
| 5 |  | Ismail al-Azhari (1900–1969) [d] | — | 8 July 1965 | 25 May 1969 (Deposed) | 3 years, 321 days | Democratic Unionist Party |
Democratic Republic of Sudan (1969–1985)[edit] | |||||||
| 6 |  | Gaafar Nimeiry (1928–2009) [e] | 1971[f] 1977 1983 | 25 May 1969 | 6 April 1985 (Deposed) | 15 years, 316 days | Military / Sudanese Socialist Union |
| 7 |  | Hashem al-Atta (1936–1971) [g] | — | 19 July 1971 | 23 July 1971 | 4 days | Sudanese Communist Party |
| 8 |  | Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab (1934–2018) | — | 6 April 1985 | 6 May 1986[h] | 1 year, 30 days | Military |
| 9 |  | Ahmed al-Mirghani (1941–2008) | — | 6 May 1986 | 30 June 1989 (Deposed) | 3 years, 55 days | Democratic Unionist Party |
| 10 |  | Omar al-Bashir (born 1944) | 1996 2000 2010 2015 | 30 June 1989 | 11 April 2019 (Deposed) | 29 years, 285 days | Military / Independent / National Congress Party |
Transitional period (2019–present)[edit] | |||||||
| 11 |  | Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf (bornc. 1956) | — | 11 April 2019 | 12 April 2019 (Resigned) | 1 day | Military / National Congress Party |
| 12 | | Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (born 1960) | — | 12 April 2019 | 21 August 2019 | 6 years, 229 days | Military |
| TSC Chairman[i] | 21 August 2019 | 25 October 2021 | Military /FFC /TMC | ||||
| — | 25 October 2021 | 11 November 2021 | Military | ||||
| TSC Chairman[j] | 11 November 2021 | Incumbent | |||||
[Burhan] led a military coup, unseating the civilian half of Sudan's ruling Sovereignty Council.
| Republic of Sudan (1956–1969) |
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| Democratic Republic of Sudan (1969–1985) | ||
| Republic of Sudan (1985–2019) |
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| Transitional period (2019–present) |
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