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List of governors of Maryland

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For a list of colonial governors, seeList of colonial governors of Maryland.

Thegovernor of Maryland is thehead of government of the U.S. state ofMaryland and is the commander-in-chief of the state'smilitary forces.[1] The governor is the highest-ranking official in the state, and theconstitutional powers of Maryland's governors make them among the most powerful governors in the United States.[2]

The current governor is DemocratWes Moore, who took office on January 18, 2023.[3]

Governors

[edit]
For the period before independence, seeList of colonial governors of Maryland.

Maryland was one of the originalThirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on April 28, 1788.[4] Before it declared its independence, Maryland was acolony of theKingdom of Great Britain.

Under theconstitution of 1776, governors were appointed by theGeneral Assembly legislature to one-year terms. They could be reelected for two additional terms, though they must take four years off after leaving office. An 1838 constitutional amendment allowed for popular election of governors to three-year terms, though they could not succeed themselves. The1851 constitution removed the term limit, and lengthened terms to four years, to commence on the second Wednesday of January following the election. Governors were limited to two consecutive terms beginning in 1948.[5]

The office oflieutenant governor was created in 1864, abolished in 1867, and recreated in 1970. The lieutenant governor succeeds to the office of governor should it become vacant. In the original constitution, the first named of the Governor's Council would act as governor if it were vacant, until a new governor was selected; this was changed to thesecretary of state in 1837.[6] The 1867 constitution originally called for the General Assembly to immediately elect a new governor; if they were not in session, the president of the Senate would act as governor until one was elected.[7]

Governors of the State of Maryland
No.GovernorTerm in officePartyElectionLt. Governor[a][b]
1 Thomas Johnson
(1732–1819)
[10][11]		March 21, 1777[12]
–
November 12, 1779
(did not run)		No party[13]1777Office did not exist
1778
2Thomas Sim Lee
(1745–1819)
[14][15][16]		November 12, 1779[17]
–
November 22, 1782
(term-limited)[c]		No party[13]1779
1780
1781
3William Paca
(1740–1799)
[19][20]		November 22, 1782[21]
–
November 26, 1785
(term-limited)[c]		No party[13]1782
1783
1784
4William Smallwood
(1732–1792)
[22]		November 26, 1785[23]
–
November 27, 1788
(term-limited)[c]		No party[13]1785
1786
1787
5John Eager Howard
(1752–1827)
[24][25][26]		November 27, 1788[27]
–
November 14, 1791
(term-limited)[c]		Federalist[13]1788
1789
1790
6George Plater
(1735–1792)
[28][29][30]		November 14, 1791[31]
–
February 10, 1792
(died in office)		Federalist[13]1791
—James Brice
(1746–1801)
[32]		February 10, 1792[33]
–
April 5, 1792
(successor took office)		Federalist[13]Senior council
member acting
2Thomas Sim Lee
(1745–1819)
[14][15][16]		April 5, 1792[34]
–
November 17, 1794
(did not run)		Federalist[13]1792
1793
7John Hoskins Stone
(1749–1804)
[35][36][37]		November 17, 1794[38]
–
November 28, 1797
(term-limited)[c]		Federalist[39]1794
1795
1796
8John Henry
(1750–1798)
[40][41][42]		November 28, 1797[43]
–
November 14, 1798
(did not run)[40]		Federalist[39]1797
9Benjamin Ogle
(1749–1809)
[44][45][46]		November 14, 1798[47]
–
November 10, 1801
(term-limited)[c]		Federalist[39]1798
1799
1800
10John Francis Mercer
(1759–1821)
[48][49][50]		November 10, 1801[51]
–
November 13, 1803
(did not run)[48]		Democratic-
Republican[39]		1801
1802
11Robert Bowie
(1750–1818)
[52][53][54]		November 15, 1803[55]
–
November 12, 1806
(term-limited)[c]		Democratic-
Republican[39]		1803
1804
1805
12Robert Wright
(1752–1826)
[56][57][58]		November 12, 1806[59]
–
May 6, 1809
(resigned)[d]		Democratic-
Republican[39]		1806
1807
1808
—James ButcherMay 6, 1809[60]
–
June 9, 1809
(successor took office)		Democratic-
Republican[61]		Senior council
member acting[58]
13Edward Lloyd
(1779–1834)
[62][63][64]		June 9, 1809[65]
–
November 16, 1811
(term-limited)[c]		Democratic-
Republican[39]		June 1809
(special)[e]
Nov. 1809
1810
11Robert Bowie
(1750–1818)
[52][53][54]		November 16, 1811[66]
–
November 23, 1812
(lost election)		Democratic-
Republican[39]		1811
14Levin Winder
(1757–1819)
[67][68][69]		November 23, 1812[70]
–
January 2, 1816
(term-limited)[c]		Federalist[39]1812
1813
1814
15Charles Carnan Ridgely
(1760–1829)
[71][72][73]		January 2, 1816[74]
–
January 8, 1819
(term-limited)[c]		Federalist[39]1815
1816
1817
16Charles Goldsborough
(1765–1834)
[75][76][77]		January 8, 1819[78]
–
December 20, 1819
(lost election)		Federalist[39]1818
17Samuel Sprigg
(1783–1855)
[79][80][81]		December 20, 1819[82]
–
December 16, 1822
(term-limited)[c]		Democratic-
Republican[39]		1819
1820
1821
18Samuel Stevens Jr.
(1778–1860)
[83][84][85]		December 16, 1822[86]
–
January 9, 1826
(term-limited)[c]		Democratic-
Republican[61]		1822
1823
1824
19Joseph Kent
(1779–1837)
[87][88][89]		January 9, 1826[90]
–
January 15, 1829
(term-limited)[c]		Democratic-
Republican[61]		1826
1827
1828
20Daniel Martin
(1780–1831)
[91][92][93]		January 15, 1829[94]
–
January 15, 1830
(lost election)		Anti-Jacksonian[39]1829
21Thomas King Carroll
(1793–1873)
[95][96][97]		January 15, 1830[98]
–
January 13, 1831
(lost election)		Jacksonian[39]1830
20Daniel Martin
(1780–1831)
[91][92][93]		January 13, 1831[99]
–
July 11, 1831
(died in office)		Anti-Jacksonian[39]1831
22George Howard
(1789–1846)
[100][101][102]		July 11, 1831[103]
–
January 17, 1833
(did not run)[100]		Anti-Jacksonian[39]Senior council
member acting
1832
23James Thomas
(1785–1845)
[104][105][106]		January 17, 1833[107]
–
January 14, 1836
(term-limited)[c]		Anti-Jacksonian[39]1833
1834
1835
24Thomas Veazey
(1774–1842)
[108][109][110]		January 14, 1836[111]
–
January 7, 1839
(term-limited)[f]		Whig[39]1836
1837
Jan. 1838
25William Grason
(1788–1868)
[113][114][115]		January 7, 1839[116]
–
January 3, 1842
(term-limited)[f]		Democratic[39]Oct. 1838
26Francis Thomas
(1799–1876)
[117][118][119]		January 3, 1842[120]
–
January 6, 1845
(term-limited)[f]		Democratic[121]1841
27Thomas Pratt
(1804–1869)
[122][123][124]		January 6, 1845[125]
–
January 3, 1848
(term-limited)[f]		Whig[121]1844
28Philip Francis Thomas
(1810–1890)
[126][127][128]		January 3, 1848[129]
–
January 6, 1851
(term-limited)[f]		Democratic[121]1847
29Enoch Louis Lowe
(1820–1892)
[130][131][132]		January 6, 1851[133]
–
January 11, 1854
(did not run)[g]		Democratic[121]1850
30Thomas Watkins Ligon
(1810–1881)
[134][135][136]		January 11, 1854[137]
–
January 13, 1858
(did not run)		Democratic[138]1853
31Thomas Holliday Hicks
(1798–1865)
[139][140][141]		January 13, 1858[142]
–
January 8, 1862
(did not run)		American[138]1857
32Augustus Bradford
(1806–1881)
[143][144][145]		January 8, 1862[146]
–
January 10, 1866
(did not run)		Union[61]1861
33Thomas Swann
(1809–1883)
[147][148][149]		January 10, 1866[61]
–
January 13, 1869
(did not run)		Union[61]1864 Christopher Christian Cox
34Oden Bowie
(1826–1894)
[150][151][152]		January 13, 1869[153]
–
January 10, 1872
(did not run)		Democratic[61]1867Office did not exist
35William Pinkney Whyte
(1824–1908)
[154][155][156]		January 10, 1872[157]
–
March 4, 1874
(resigned)[h]		Democratic[61]1871
36James Black Groome
(1838–1893)
[158][159][160]		March 4, 1874[161]
–
January 12, 1876
(did not run)		Democratic[61]Elected
governor by
legislature
37John Lee Carroll
(1830–1911)
[162][163][164]		January 12, 1876[165]
–
January 14, 1880
(did not run)		Democratic[61]1875
38William Thomas Hamilton
(1820–1888)
[166][167][168]		January 14, 1880[169]
–
January 9, 1884
(did not run)		Democratic[61]1879
39Robert Milligan McLane
(1815–1898)
[170][171][172]		January 9, 1884[173]
–
March 27, 1885
(resigned)[i]		Democratic[61]1883
40Henry Lloyd
(1852–1920)
[174][175][176]		March 27, 1885[177]
–
January 11, 1888
(did not run)		Democratic[61]President of the
Senate acting
41Elihu Emory Jackson
(1837–1907)
[178][179][180]		January 11, 1888[181]
–
January 13, 1892
(did not run)		Democratic[61]1887
42Frank Brown
(1846–1920)
[182][183][184]		January 13, 1892[185]
–
January 8, 1896
(did not run)		Democratic[61]1891
43Lloyd Lowndes Jr.
(1845–1905)
[186][187][188]		January 8, 1896[189]
–
January 10, 1900
(lost election)		Republican[61]1895
44John Walter Smith
(1845–1925)
[190][191][192]		January 10, 1900[193]
–
January 13, 1904
(did not run)		Democratic[61]1899
45Edwin Warfield
(1848–1920)
[194][195][196]		January 13, 1904[197]
–
January 8, 1908
(did not run)		Democratic[61]1903
46Austin Lane Crothers
(1860–1912)
[198][199][200]		January 8, 1908[201]
–
January 10, 1912
(did not run)		Democratic[61]1907
47Phillips Lee Goldsborough
(1865–1946)
[202][203][204]		January 10, 1912[205]
–
January 12, 1916
(did not run)		Republican[61]1911
48Emerson Harrington
(1864–1945)
[206][207][208]		January 12, 1916[209]
–
January 14, 1920
(did not run)		Democratic[61]1915
49Albert Ritchie
(1876–1936)
[210][211][212]		January 14, 1920[213]
–
January 9, 1935
(lost election)		Democratic[61]1919
1923
1926
1930
50Harry Nice
(1877–1941)
[214][215][216]		January 9, 1935[217]
–
January 11, 1939
(lost election)		Republican[61]1934
51Herbert O'Conor
(1896–1960)
[218][219][220]		January 11, 1939[221]
–
January 3, 1947
(resigned)[j]		Democratic[61]1938
1942
52William Preston Lane Jr.
(1892–1967)
[223][224][225]		January 3, 1947[j]
–
January 10, 1951
(lost election)		Democratic[61]Elected by
legislature[j]
1946
53Theodore McKeldin
(1900–1974)
[226][227][228]		January 10, 1951[229]
–
January 14, 1959
(term-limited)[k]		Republican[61]1950
1954
54J. Millard Tawes
(1894–1979)
[231][232][233]		January 14, 1959[234]
–
January 25, 1967
(term-limited)[k]		Democratic[61]1958
1962
55Spiro Agnew
(1918–1996)
[235][236][237]		January 25, 1967[238]
–
January 7, 1969
(resigned)[l]		Republican[61]1966
56Marvin Mandel
(1920–2015)
[239][240][241]		January 7, 1969[242]
–
January 17, 1979
(term-limited)[k]		Democratic[61]1969
(special)[m]		Blair Lee III
1970
1974
—Blair Lee III
(1916–1985)
[243][244][245]		June 4, 1977[n]
–
January 15, 1979
(did not run)		Democratic[244]Lieutenant
governor
acting[n]		Acting as governor
57Harry Hughes
(1926–2019)
[247][248]		January 17, 1979[249]
–
January 21, 1987
(term-limited)[k]		Democratic[247]1978Samuel Bogley
1982J. Joseph Curran Jr.
58William Donald Schaefer
(1921–2011)
[250][251]		January 21, 1987[252]
–
January 18, 1995
(term-limited)[k]		Democratic[250]1986Melvin Steinberg
1990
59Parris Glendening
(b. 1942)
[253][254]		January 18, 1995[255]
–
January 15, 2003
(term-limited)[k]		Democratic[253]1994Kathleen Kennedy Townsend
1998
60Bob Ehrlich
(b. 1957)
[256][257]		January 15, 2003[258]
–
January 17, 2007
(lost election)		Republican[256]2002Michael Steele
61Martin O'Malley
(b. 1963)
[259][260]		January 17, 2007[261]
–
January 21, 2015
(term-limited)[k]		Democratic[259]2006Anthony Brown
2010
62Larry Hogan
(b. 1956)
[262][263]		January 21, 2015[264]
–
January 18, 2023
(term-limited)[k]		Republican[262]2014Boyd Rutherford
2018
63Wes Moore
(b. 1978)
[265][266]		January 18, 2023[267]
–
Incumbent[o]		Democratic[265]2022Aruna Miller

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1864, abolished in 1867, and recreated in 1970.[8][9]
  2. ^Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  3. ^abcdefghijklmnUnder the 1776 constitution, governors were limited to no more than three years successively, and ineligible until four years after they had been out of office.[18]
  4. ^Wright resigned due to a loss of popularity,[56] and to secure a seat on theMaryland Court of Appeals, though he was not appointed to it.[57]
  5. ^Special election to fill the remainder of Robert Wright's term.
  6. ^abcdeUnder an 1837 amendment to the constitution, elected governors were ineligible to succeed themselves.[112]
  7. ^Sobel says Lowe was limited from succeeding himself due to an 1846 amendment, but this appears to be in error.[130]
  8. ^Whyte resigned, having beenelected to theUnited States Senate.[154]
  9. ^McLane resigned, having been confirmed asUnited States Minister to France.[170]
  10. ^abcO'Conor resigned, having beenelected to theUnited States Senate. Lane, who won the election, was elected by the legislature to succeed O'Conor immediately, five days before he would have taken office.[222]
  11. ^abcdefghUnder a 1948 amendment to the constitution, governors who have served two consecutive elected terms are ineligible for the next term.[230]
  12. ^Agnew resigned, having beenelectedVice President of the United States.[235]
  13. ^Mandel was elected by theMaryland General Assembly to fill the vacancy left by Agnew's resignation.
  14. ^abMandel named Lieutenant Governor Lee acting governor on June 4, 1977, as he was dealing with charges of mail fraud and racketeering, and citing health reasons;[246] he would be found guilty in August, and sentenced to four years in prison in October. He rescinded the designation on January 15, 1979, two days before the end of the term; he then made Lee acting governor again for a time on January 16 so he could preside at the installation of a judge on the Court of Appeals.[245][239]
  15. ^Moore's termwill expire on January 20, 2027.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
General
Specific
  1. ^"Maryland Governor – Origin & Functions".Maryland Manual Online. Maryland State Archives. January 7, 2021. RetrievedJanuary 12, 2021.
  2. ^Prah, Pamela (March 9, 2007)."Massachusetts gov rated most powerful (archived)".Stateline.Org. Archived fromthe original on May 28, 2008. RetrievedJune 25, 2007.
  3. ^Cox, Erin; Wiggins, Ovetta (January 18, 2023)."Wes Moore to be sworn in, making history as Md.'s first Black governor".The Washington Post. RetrievedJanuary 18, 2023.
  4. ^"Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Maryland; April 28, 1788". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School.Archived from the original on July 10, 2015. RetrievedOctober 31, 2015.
  5. ^"Governor".Guide to Government Records.Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  6. ^"Maryland Lieutenant Governor".Maryland Manual On-Line. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  7. ^1867 Const, original, art. II, § 2, accessed March 4, 2023
  8. ^Dayhoff, Kevin (December 7, 2005)."Why We Have a Lieutenant Governor". The Tentacle. RetrievedMay 30, 2017.
  9. ^Papenfouse, Edward.The Archives of Maryland, new series, An Historical List of Public Officials of Maryland. Vol. I. Annapolis, MD: Maryland State Archives: 1990.
  10. ^"Thomas Johnson".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  11. ^"Thomas Johnson".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  12. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the House of Delegates. Feb. 1777 sess.,44, accessed September 18, 2023
  13. ^abcdefghGlashan 1979, p. 130.
  14. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 646–647.
  15. ^ab"Thomas Sim Lee".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  16. ^ab"Thomas Sim Lee".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  17. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1779 sess.,4, accessed September 18, 2023
  18. ^"1776 Md. Const. art. 31".www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. RetrievedDecember 19, 2023.
  19. ^"William Paca".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  20. ^"William Paca".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  21. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1782 sess.,6, accessed September 18, 2023
  22. ^"William Smallwood".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  23. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1785 sess.,10, accessed September 18, 2023
  24. ^Sobel 1978, p. 645.
  25. ^"John Eager Howard".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  26. ^"John Eager Howard".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  27. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1788 sess.,7, accessed September 18, 2023
  28. ^Sobel 1978, p. 646.
  29. ^"George Plater".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  30. ^"George Plater".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  31. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1791 sess.,5, accessed September 18, 2023
  32. ^"James Brice".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  33. ^"A Proclamation".Maryland Gazette. February 16, 1792. p. 2. RetrievedSeptember 19, 2023.
  34. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Apr. 1792 sess.,63, accessed September 18, 2023
  35. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 647–648.
  36. ^"John Hoskins Stone".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  37. ^"John Hoskins Stone".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  38. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1794 sess.,3, accessed September 18, 2023
  39. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrsDubin 2003, p. 96.
  40. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 648–649.
  41. ^"John Henry".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  42. ^"John Henry".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  43. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1797 sess.,10, accessed September 18, 2023
  44. ^Sobel 1978, p. 649.
  45. ^"Benjamin Ogle".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  46. ^"Benjamin Ogle".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  47. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1798 sess.,4, accessed September 18, 2023
  48. ^abSobel 1978, p. 650.
  49. ^"John Francis Mercer".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  50. ^"John Francis Mercer".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  51. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1801 sess.,8, accessed September 18, 2023
  52. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 650–651.
  53. ^ab"Robert Bowie".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  54. ^ab"Robert Bowie".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  55. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1803 sess.,6, accessed September 19, 2023
  56. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 651–652.
  57. ^ab"Robert Wright".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  58. ^ab"Robert Wright".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  59. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1806 sess.,6, accessed September 19, 2023
  60. ^"A Proclamation".Maryland Gazette. May 24, 1809. p. 4. RetrievedSeptember 19, 2023.
  61. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacKallenbach 1977, pp. 254–256.
  62. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 652–653.
  63. ^"Edward Lloyd".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  64. ^"Edward Lloyd".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  65. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. June 1809 sess.,10, accessed September 19, 2023
  66. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1811 sess.,295, accessed September 19, 2023
  67. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 653–654.
  68. ^"Levin Winder".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  69. ^"Levin Winder".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  70. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1812 sess.,136, accessed September 19, 2023
  71. ^Sobel 1978, p. 654.
  72. ^"Charles Carnan Ridgely".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  73. ^"Charles Ridgely of Hampton".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  74. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1815 sess.,123, accessed September 19, 2023
  75. ^Sobel 1978, p. 655.
  76. ^"Charles Goldsborough".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  77. ^"Charles Goldborough".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  78. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1818 sess.,14, accessed September 19, 2023
  79. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 655–656.
  80. ^"Samuel Sprigg".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  81. ^"Samuel Sprigg".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  82. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1819 sess.,11, accessed September 19, 2023
  83. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 656–657.
  84. ^"Samuel Stevens".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  85. ^"Samuel Stevens, Jr".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  86. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the House of Delegates. Dec. 1822 sess.,30, accessed September 19, 2023
  87. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 657–658.
  88. ^"Joseph Kent".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  89. ^"Joseph Kent".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  90. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1826 sess.,25, accessed September 19, 2023
  91. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 658–659.
  92. ^ab"Daniel Martin".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  93. ^ab"Daniel Martin".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  94. ^"Legislature of Maryland".Maryland Gazette. January 22, 1829. p. 4. RetrievedSeptember 19, 2023.
  95. ^Sobel 1978, p. 659.
  96. ^"Thomas King Carroll".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  97. ^"Thomas King Carroll".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  98. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the House of Delegates. Dec. 1830 sess.,147, accessed September 19, 2023
  99. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1830 sess.,43, accessed September 19, 2023
  100. ^abSobel 1978, p. 660.
  101. ^"George Howard".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  102. ^"George Howard".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  103. ^"The New Governor".The Torch Light And Public Advertiser. July 21, 1831. p. 4. RetrievedSeptember 19, 2023.
  104. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 660–661.
  105. ^"James Thomas".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  106. ^"James Thomas".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  107. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1833 sess.,48, accessed September 19, 2023
  108. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 661–662.
  109. ^"Thomas Ward Veazey".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  110. ^"Thomas W. Veazey".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  111. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1835 sess.,38, accessed September 19, 2023
  112. ^"Md. Acts 1836, Chp. 197, § 23"(PDF). RetrievedDecember 19, 2023.
  113. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 662–663.
  114. ^"William Grason".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  115. ^"William Grason".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  116. ^"Inauguration of Governor Grason".The Baltimore Sun. January 9, 1839. p. 2. RetrievedSeptember 19, 2023.
  117. ^Sobel 1978, p. 663.
  118. ^"Francis Thomas".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  119. ^"Francis Thomas".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  120. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the House of Delegates. Dec. 1841 sess.,51, accessed September 19, 2023
  121. ^abcdDubin 2003, p. 97.
  122. ^Sobel 1978, p. 664.
  123. ^"Thomas George Pratt".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  124. ^"Thomas G. Pratt".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  125. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the House of Delegates. Dec. 1844 sess.,34, accessed September 19, 2023
  126. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 664–665.
  127. ^"Phillip Francis Thomas".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  128. ^"Philip Francis Thomas".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  129. ^"Inaugural Message of Governor Thomas".The Baltimore Sun. January 4, 1848. p. 2. RetrievedSeptember 20, 2023.
  130. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 665–666.
  131. ^"Enoch Louis Lowe".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  132. ^"Enoch Louis Lowe".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  133. ^"Proceedings of the Maryland Constitutional Reform Convention".The Baltimore Sun. January 7, 1851. p. 1. RetrievedSeptember 20, 2023.
  134. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 666–667.
  135. ^"Thomas Watkins Ligon".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  136. ^"Thomas Watkins Ligon".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  137. ^"Inauguration of Gov. Ligon".The Baltimore Sun. January 12, 1854. p. 2. RetrievedSeptember 20, 2023.
  138. ^abDubin 2003, p. 98.
  139. ^Sobel 1978, p. 667.
  140. ^"Thomas Holliday Hicks".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  141. ^"Thomas Holliday Hicks".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  142. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the House of Delegates. Jan. 1858 sess.,49, accessed September 19, 2023
  143. ^Sobel 1978, p. 668.
  144. ^"Augustus Williamson Bradford".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  145. ^"Augustus W. Bradford".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  146. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1862 sess.,88, accessed September 19, 2023
  147. ^Sobel 1978, p. 669.
  148. ^"Thomas Swann".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  149. ^"Thomas Swann".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  150. ^Sobel 1978, p. 670.
  151. ^"Oden Bowie".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  152. ^"Oden Bowie".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  153. ^"Inauguration of Governor Bowie".The Baltimore Sun. January 14, 1869. p. 1. RetrievedSeptember 20, 2023.
  154. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 670–671.
  155. ^"William Pinkney Whyte".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  156. ^"William Pinkney Whyte".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  157. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1872 sess.,31, accessed September 19, 2023
  158. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 671–672.
  159. ^"James Black Groome".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  160. ^"James Black Groome".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  161. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1874 sess.,472, accessed September 19, 2023
  162. ^Sobel 1978, p. 672.
  163. ^"John Lee Carroll".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  164. ^"John Lee Carroll".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  165. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1876 sess.,29, accessed September 19, 2023
  166. ^Sobel 1978, p. 673.
  167. ^"William Thomas Hamilton".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  168. ^"William T. Hamilton".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  169. ^"The Governor's Inauguration".The Baltimore Sun. January 15, 1880. p. 1. RetrievedSeptember 21, 2023.
  170. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 673–674.
  171. ^"Robert Milligan McLane".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  172. ^"Robert M. McLane".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  173. ^"Gov. Robert M. M'Lane".The Baltimore Sun. January 10, 1884. p. 1. RetrievedSeptember 21, 2023.
  174. ^Sobel 1978, p. 674.
  175. ^"Henry Lloyd".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  176. ^"Henry Lloyd".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  177. ^"Gov. McLane's Resignation".Evening Capital. March 27, 1885. p. 1. RetrievedSeptember 21, 2023.
  178. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 674–675.
  179. ^"Elihu Emory Jackson".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  180. ^"Elihu E. Jackson".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  181. ^"The Inauguration".Evening Capital. January 11, 1888. p. 4. RetrievedSeptember 21, 2023.
  182. ^Sobel 1978, p. 675.
  183. ^"Frank Brown".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  184. ^"Frank Brown".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  185. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1892 sess.,34, accessed September 21, 2023
  186. ^Sobel 1978, p. 676.
  187. ^"Lloyd Lowndes".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  188. ^"Lloyd Lowndes, Jr".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  189. ^"Maryland's Republican Governor".Evening Capital. January 8, 1896. p. 1. RetrievedSeptember 21, 2023.
  190. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 676–677.
  191. ^"John Walter Smith".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  192. ^"John Walter Smith".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  193. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1900 sess.,37, accessed September 21, 2023
  194. ^Sobel 1978, p. 677.
  195. ^"Edwin Warfield".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  196. ^"Edwin Warfield".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  197. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1904 sess.,85, accessed September 21, 2023
  198. ^Sobel 1978, p. 678.
  199. ^"Austin Lane Crothers".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  200. ^"Austin Lane Crothers".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  201. ^"New Governor Plights Faith to the People".The Baltimore Sun. January 9, 1908. p. 1. RetrievedSeptember 21, 2023.
  202. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 678–679.
  203. ^"Phillips Lee Goldsborough".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  204. ^"Phillips Lee Goldsborough".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  205. ^"Gov. Goldsborough Welcomed by Throng in Cold White Capital".The Evening Sun. January 10, 1912. p. 1. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2023.
  206. ^Sobel 1978, p. 679.
  207. ^"Emerson Columbus Harrington".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  208. ^"Emerson C. Harrington".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  209. ^Maryland General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. Jan 1916 sess.,55, accessed September 21, 2023
  210. ^Sobel 1978, p. 680.
  211. ^"Albert Cabell Ritchie".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  212. ^"Albert C. Ritchie".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  213. ^"Distinguished Throng Present for Inauguration of Governor Albert C. Ritchie at State House Today".Evening Capital. January 14, 1920. p. 1. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2023.
  214. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 680–681.
  215. ^"Harry Whinna Nice".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  216. ^"Harry W. Nice".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  217. ^"Nice Calls for Speedy Aid to Needy".The Evening Sun. January 9, 1935. p. 1. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2023.
  218. ^Sobel 1978, p. 681.
  219. ^"Herbert Romulus O'Conor".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  220. ^"Herbert R. O'Conor".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  221. ^O'Donnell, Louis J. (January 12, 1939)."State Faces New Taxes, O'Conor Declares After Taking Oath As Governor".The Baltimore Sun. p. 1. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2023.
  222. ^O'Neill, Thomas (January 3, 1947)."Lane Elected Governor by Legislature".The Baltimore Sun. p. 26. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2023.
  223. ^Sobel 1978, p. 682.
  224. ^"William Preston Lane".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  225. ^"William Preston Lane, Jr".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  226. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 682–683.
  227. ^"Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  228. ^"Theodore R. McKeldin".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  229. ^Jacobs, Bradford (January 10, 1951)."New Governor Takes Office; Lays Stress on Civil Defense".The Evening Sun. p. 1. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2023.
  230. ^"Md. Const. amend. 90".www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. RetrievedDecember 19, 2023.
  231. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 683–684.
  232. ^"J. Millard Tawes".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  233. ^"J. Millard Tawes".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  234. ^"Tawes Sworn In As 59th Governor of Maryland".The Cumberland News. Associated Press. January 15, 1959. p. 2. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2023.
  235. ^abSobel 1978, p. 684.
  236. ^"Spiro Theodore Agnew".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  237. ^"Spiro T. Agnew".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  238. ^Levine, Richard H. (January 26, 1967)."Agnew Takes Oath As 5th GOP Governor".The Baltimore Sun. p. C20. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2023.
  239. ^abSobel 1978, p. 685.
  240. ^"Marvin Mandel".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  241. ^"Marvin Mandel".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  242. ^Whiteford, Charles (January 8, 1969)."Mandel Wins Race for Governor With Large Margin in Assembly; Vows Vigorous Administration".The Baltimore Sun. p. A1. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2023.
  243. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 685–686.
  244. ^ab"Blair Lee".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  245. ^ab"Blair Lee III".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  246. ^Luxenberg, Steven M. (June 5, 1977)."Mandel Yields Power of Office to Lee".The Baltimore Sun. p. A1. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2023.
  247. ^ab"Harry Roe Hughes".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  248. ^"Harry R. Hughes".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  249. ^Phelps, Timothy M.; Kimelman, Donald (January 18, 1979)."Hughes Pledges Break With Past in His Inaugural".The Baltimore Sun. p. A1. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2023.
  250. ^ab"William Donald Schaefer".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  251. ^"William Donald Schaefer".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  252. ^Frece, John W.; Sia, Richard H. P. (January 22, 1987)."Gov. Schaefer Takes Office".The Baltimore Sun. p. 1A. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2023.
  253. ^ab"Parris N. Glendening".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  254. ^"Parris N. Glendening".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  255. ^Jensen, Peter (January 19, 1995)."It's Governor Glendening at Last".The Baltimore Sun. p. 1A. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2023.
  256. ^ab"Robert L. Ehrlich".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  257. ^"Robert L. Ehrlich, Jr".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  258. ^Nitkin, David (January 16, 2003)."Ehrlich Pledges 'Better Ideas'".The Baltimore Sun. p. 1A. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2023.
  259. ^ab"Martin O'Malley".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  260. ^"Martin J. O'Malley".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  261. ^Skalka, Jennifer; Green, Andrew A. (January 18, 2007)."'New Day' for Md".The Baltimore Sun. p. 1A. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2023.
  262. ^ab"Larry Hogan".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  263. ^"Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  264. ^Dresser, Michael; Cox, Erin (January 22, 2015)."A Call to the 'Middle Ground'".The Baltimore Sun. p. 1. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2023.
  265. ^ab"Wes Moore".National Governors Association. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  266. ^"Westley Watende Omari (Wes) Moore".Maryland State Archives. RetrievedMarch 4, 2023.
  267. ^Janesch, Sam; Gaskill, Hannah (January 19, 2023)."A Historic 'Opportunity'".The Baltimore Sun. p. 1. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2023.

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