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List of governors of Iowa

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Governor of Iowa
Incumbent
Kim Reynolds
since May 24, 2017
Government of Iowa
StyleThe Honorable
ResidenceTerrace Hill
Term lengthFour years, no term limits
PrecursorGovernor ofIowa Territory
Inaugural holderAnsel Briggs
FormationDecember 3, 1846
(178 years ago) (1846-12-03)
SuccessionLine of succession
DeputyLieutenant Governor of Iowa
Salary$130,000 (2022)[1]
Websitegovernor.iowa.gov

Thegovernor of Iowa is thehead of government of theU.S. state ofIowa. Thegovernor is the head of theexecutive branch of the state government[2] and is charged with enforcing state laws.[3] The officeholder has the power to either approve orveto bills passed by theIowa General Assembly,[4] to convene the legislature,[5] as well as to grantpardons, except in cases oftreason andimpeachment.[6] The governor of Iowa is also thecommander-in-chief of thestate'smilitary forces.[7] The governor has the ability to sign executive orders, these have range from topics including the establishment of councils, committees and task forces, and appropriation reductions to prevent a state budget deficit.[1]

There have been 41 individuals who held the position of Iowa governor, with two of those serving multiple distinct terms,Samuel J. Kirkwood andTerry Branstad. The current governor,Kim Reynolds, is the first woman to hold the position and was sworn in on May 24, 2017. The longest-serving isTerry Branstad, who served from 1983 to 1999 and then again from 2011 to 2017. He is the longest-serving governor inU.S. history, surpassing the previous record of 21 years set byGeorge Clinton ofNew York. The shortest-serving wasRobert D. Fulton, who served 16 days.

List of governors

[edit]

Territory of Iowa

[edit]

Iowa Territory was formed on July 4, 1838, fromWisconsin Territory. It had four governors appointed by thepresident of the United States, though the first resigned days after he was confirmed by the Senate and before ever reaching the territory.

Governors of Iowa Territory
No.GovernorTerm in office[a]Appointed by
1Henry Atkinson
(1782–1842)		June 13, 1838
–
July 7, 1838
(resigned before taking office)[b]		Martin Van Buren
2Robert Lucas[c]
(1781–1853)
[10]		July 7, 1838[d]
–
June 17, 1841
(successor appointed)[e]		Martin Van Buren
3John Chambers
(1780–1852)
[15]		March 25, 1841[f]
–
November 18, 1845
(successor appointed)		William Henry Harrison
4James Clarke
(1812–1850)
[20]		November 8, 1845[g]
–
December 3, 1846
(statehood)		James K. Polk

State of Iowa

[edit]

The southeast portion of Iowa Territory wasadmitted to the Union as the State of Iowa on December 28, 1846. The firstConstitution of Iowa, adopted in 1846, created the office of governor with a four-year term,[24] with no specific start date. The 1857 constitution reduced this term to two years,[25] but an amendment in 1972 increased this back to four years.[26] The 1857 constitution also set the start of the term to the second Monday in the January following the election,[27] which was moved one day later by a 1988 amendment.[28]

The office oflieutenant governor was created in the 1857 constitution, elected for the same term as the governor.[29] An amendment in 1988 specified that the lieutenant governor would be elected on the same ticket as the governor.[30] If the office becomes vacant, it devolves upon the lieutenant governor for the remainder of the term or vacancy.[31] Prior to 1857, if the office became vacant, theSecretary of State of Iowa would act as governor.[32] There is noterm limit on the number of terms a governor may serve.

Governors of the State of Iowa
No.[h]GovernorTerm in officePartyElectionLt. Governor[i][j]
1 Ansel Briggs
(1806–1881)
[34][35]		December 3, 1846[36]
–
December 4, 1850
(did not run)		Democratic[37]1846Office did not exist
2Stephen P. Hempstead
(1812–1883)
[38][39]		December 4, 1850[40]
–
December 9, 1854
(did not run)		Democratic[37]1850
3James W. Grimes
(1816–1872)
[41][42]		December 9, 1854[43]
–
January 14, 1858
(did not run)		Whig[44]1854[k]
4Ralph P. Lowe
(1805–1883)
[45][46]		January 14, 1858[47]
–
January 11, 1860
(did not run)[l]		Republican[44]1857[m] Oran Faville
5Samuel J. Kirkwood
(1813–1894)
[48][49]		January 11, 1860[50]
–
January 14, 1864
(did not run)[48]		Republican[51]1859Nicholas J. Rusch
1861John R. Needham
6William M. Stone
(1827–1893)
[52][53]		January 14, 1864[54]
–
January 16, 1868
(did not run)		Republican[51]1863Enoch W. Eastman
1865Benjamin F. Gue
7Samuel Merrill
(1822–1899)
[55][56]		January 16, 1868[57]
–
January 11, 1872
(did not run)		Republican[51]1867John Scott
1869Madison Miner Walden
(resigned 1871)[n]
Vacant
Henry C. Bulis
(appointed September 13, 1871)
8Cyrus C. Carpenter
(1829–1898)
[59][60]		January 11, 1872[61]
–
January 13, 1876
(did not run)		Republican[51]1871
1873Joseph Dysart
9Samuel J. Kirkwood
(1813–1894)
[48][49]		January 13, 1876[62]
–
February 1, 1877
(resigned)[o]		Republican[51]1875Joshua G. Newbold
10Joshua G. Newbold
(1830–1903)
[63][64]		February 1, 1877[65]
–
January 17, 1878
(did not run)		Republican[51]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
11John H. Gear
(1825–1900)
[66][67]		January 17, 1878[68]
–
January 12, 1882
(did not run)		Republican[51]1877Frank T. Campbell
1879
12Buren R. Sherman
(1836–1904)
[69][70]		January 12, 1882[71]
–
January 14, 1886
(did not run)		Republican[51]1881Orlando H. Manning
1883
13William Larrabee
(1832–1912)
[72][73]		January 14, 1886[74]
–
February 27, 1890[p]
(did not run)		Republican[51]1885John A. T. Hull
1887
14Horace Boies
(1827–1923)
[75][76]		February 27, 1890[p]
–
January 11, 1894
(lost election)		Democratic[51]1889Alfred N. Poyneer[q]
1891Samuel L. Bestow
15Frank D. Jackson
(1854–1938)
[78][79]		January 11, 1894[80]
–
January 16, 1896
(did not run)[78]		Republican[51]1893Warren S. Dungan
16Francis M. Drake
(1830–1903)
[81][82]		January 16, 1896[83]
–
January 13, 1898
(did not run)[81]		Republican[51]1895Matt Parrott
17L. M. Shaw
(1848–1932)
[84][85]		January 13, 1898[86]
–
January 16, 1902
(did not run)		Republican[51]1897James C. Milliman
1899
18Albert B. Cummins
(1850–1926)
[87][88]		January 16, 1902[89]
–
November 24, 1908
(resigned)[r]		Republican[51]1901John Herriott
1903[s]
1906Warren Garst
19Warren Garst
(1850–1924)
[90]		November 24, 1908[91]
–
January 14, 1909
(successor took office)		Republican[51]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
20Beryl F. Carroll
(1860–1939)
[92][93]		January 14, 1909[94]
–
January 16, 1913
(did not run)		Republican[51]1908George W. Clarke
1910
21George W. Clarke
(1852–1936)
[95][96]		January 16, 1913[97]
–
January 11, 1917
(did not run)		Republican[51]1912William L. Harding
1914
22William L. Harding
(1877–1934)
[98][99]		January 11, 1917[100]
–
January 13, 1921
(did not run)		Republican[51]1916Ernest Robert Moore
1918
23Nathan E. Kendall
(1868–1936)
[101][102]		January 13, 1921[103]
–
January 15, 1925
(did not run)[101]		Republican[51]1920John Hammill
1922
24John Hammill
(1875–1936)
[104][105]		January 15, 1925[106]
–
January 15, 1931
(did not run)[t]		Republican[51]1924Clem F. Kimball
(died September 10, 1928)
1926
Vacant
Arch W. McFarlane
(appointed November 15, 1928)
1928
25Dan W. Turner
(1877–1969)
[107][108]		January 15, 1931[109]
–
January 12, 1933
(lost election)		Republican[51]1930
26Clyde L. Herring
(1879–1945)
[110][111]		January 12, 1933[112]
–
January 14, 1937
(did not run)[u]		Democratic[51]1932Nelson G. Kraschel
1934
27Nelson G. Kraschel
(1889–1957)
[113][114]		January 14, 1937[115]
–
January 12, 1939
(lost election)		Democratic[51]1936John K. Valentine
28George A. Wilson
(1884–1953)
[116][117]		January 12, 1939[118]
–
January 14, 1943
(did not run)[v]		Republican[51]1938Bourke B. Hickenlooper
1940
29Bourke B. Hickenlooper
(1896–1971)
[119][120]		January 14, 1943[121]
–
January 11, 1945
(did not run)[w]		Republican[51]1942Robert D. Blue
30Robert D. Blue
(1898–1989)
[122][123]		January 11, 1945[124]
–
January 13, 1949
(lost nomination)[125]		Republican[51]1944Kenneth A. Evans
1946
31William S. Beardsley
(1901–1954)
[126][127]		January 13, 1949[128]
–
November 21, 1954
(died in office)		Republican[51]1948
1950William H. Nicholas
1952Leo Elthon
32Leo Elthon
(1898–1967)
[129][130]		November 21, 1954[131]
–
January 13, 1955
(successor took office)		Republican[51]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
33Leo Hoegh
(1908–2000)
[132][133]		January 13, 1955[134]
–
January 17, 1957
(lost election)		Republican[51]1954Leo Elthon
34Herschel C. Loveless
(1911–1989)
[135][136]		January 17, 1957[137]
–
January 12, 1961
(did not run)		Democratic[51]1956William H. Nicholas[q]
1958Edward Joseph McManus
35Norman A. Erbe
(1919–2000)
[138][139]		January 12, 1961[140]
–
January 17, 1963
(lost election)		Republican[51]1960W. L. Mooty[x]
36Harold Hughes
(1922–1996)
[141][142]		January 17, 1963[143]
–
January 1, 1969
(resigned)[y]		Democratic[51]1962
1964Robert D. Fulton
1966
37Robert D. Fulton
(1929–2024)
[144][145]		January 1, 1969[146]
–
January 16, 1969
(successor took office)		Democratic[51]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
38Robert D. Ray
(1928–2018)
[147][148]		January 16, 1969[149]
–
January 14, 1983
(did not run)		Republican[51]1968Roger Jepsen
1970
1972Arthur Neu
1974[z]
1978Terry Branstad
39Terry Branstad
(b. 1946)
[150]		January 14, 1983[151]
–
January 15, 1999
(did not run)		Republican[150]1982Robert T. Anderson[x]
1986Jo Ann Zimmerman[x]
1990Joy Corning
1994
40Tom Vilsack
(b. 1950)
[152]		January 15, 1999[153]
–
January 12, 2007
(did not run)		Democratic[152]1998Sally Pederson
2002
41Chet Culver
(b. 1966)
[154]		January 12, 2007[155]
–
January 14, 2011
(lost election)		Democratic[154]2006Patty Judge
42Terry Branstad
(b. 1946)
[150]		January 14, 2011[156]
–
May 24, 2017
(resigned)[aa]		Republican[150]2010Kim Reynolds
2014
43Kim Reynolds
(b. 1959)
[158]		May 24, 2017[159]
–
Incumbent[ab]		Republican[158]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
Adam Gregg
(appointed May 25, 2017)
(resigned September 3, 2024)
2018
2022
Vacant
Chris Cournoyer
(appointed December 16, 2024)

Timeline

[edit]
Timeline of Iowa governors

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor left office.
  2. ^Atkinson was nominated on June 12, 1838,[8] and confirmed by the Senate on June 13.[9] However, he declined the post;[10] no source gives a date for when this happened, so his term is marked as having ended when his successor was confirmed.
  3. ^Lucas did not arrive for six weeks after the territory had been created; in the interim, territorial secretaryWilliam B. Conway acted as governor.[11]
  4. ^Lucas was nominated,[12] and confirmed by the Senate,[13] on July 7, 1838. He took office on August 15.[10]
  5. ^Lucas was out of the capital when Chambers arrived, and did not formally resign his commission until June 17, per a letter written toU.S. Secretary of StateDaniel Webster.[14]
  6. ^Chambers was appointed on March 25, 1841,[15] during a Senate recess; nominated on June 17;[16] and confirmed by the Senate on July 15.[17] He took office on May 13.[15] He was reappointed on July 2, 1844, during a Senate recess,[18] and reconfirmed by the Senate on December 23.[19]
  7. ^Clarke was appointed during a Senate recess; McMullin says it was on November 8, 1845,[20] but some sources say November 18.[21] He was formally nominated on December 23, 1845,[22] and confirmed by the Senate on February 3, 1846.[23]
  8. ^There is no official numbering, and different governors have interpreted it differently, depending on if they give a new number when a governor has multiple distinct terms in office.[33] This article includes numbering for every distinct term in office.
  9. ^The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1857.[29]
  10. ^Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  11. ^The election schedule changed with this term, switching to odd-numbered years and shortening the term by nearly a year.
  12. ^Lowe was instead elected to theIowa Supreme Court.[45]
  13. ^First term under the 1857 constitution, which shortened terms to two years.[25]
  14. ^No source appears to know which date Walden resigned, just that it was after beingelected to theUnited States House of Representatives for a term beginning March 4.[58]
  15. ^Kirkwood resigned, having beenelected to theUnited States Senate.[49]
  16. ^abBoies' inauguration was delayed for six weeks;[77] the legislature was deadlocked in organizaing itself, so Larrabee remained in office until Boies was certified.[51]
  17. ^abRepresented theRepublican Party
  18. ^Cummins resigned, having beenelected to theUnited States Senate.[88]
  19. ^The election schedule changed with this term, switching to odd-numbered years and lengthening the term by nearly a year.
  20. ^Hamill insteadran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for theUnited States Senate.[104]
  21. ^Herring was insteadelected to theUnited States Senate.[110]
  22. ^Wilson was insteadelected to theUnited States Senate.[116]
  23. ^Hickenlooper was insteadelected to theUnited States Senate.[119]
  24. ^abcRepresented theDemocratic Party
  25. ^Hughes resigned, having beenelected to theUnited States Senate.[142]
  26. ^First term under a 1972 constitutional amendment which lengthened terms to four years.[26]
  27. ^Branstad resigned, having been confirmed asUnited States Ambassador to China.[157]
  28. ^Reynold's second full term began on January 13, 2023,[160] andwill expire on January 15, 2027; she is not running for re-election.[161]

References

[edit]
General
Constitutions
Specific
  1. ^"Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries". The Council of State Governments. RetrievedAugust 7, 2024.
  2. ^IA Const. art. IV, § 1.
  3. ^IA Const. art. IV, § 9.
  4. ^IA Const. art III, § 16
  5. ^IA Const. art. IV, § 11.
  6. ^IA Const., art. IV, § 16.
  7. ^IA Const. art. IV, § 7.
  8. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 25th Cong., 2nd sess.,131, accessed February 26, 2023.
  9. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 25th Cong., 2nd sess.,133, accessed February 26, 2023.
  10. ^abcMcMullin 1984, pp. 155–157.
  11. ^Shambaugh, Benjamin F., ed. (1903).The Messages and Proclamations of the Governors of Iowa. Vol. 1.Iowa City, Iowa: State Historical Society of Iowa. p. 208.
  12. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 25th Cong., 2nd sess.,145, accessed February 26, 2023.
  13. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 25th Cong., 2nd sess.,153, accessed February 26, 2023.
  14. ^Executive Journal of Iowa 1838–1841, Governor Robert Lucas. State Historical Society of Iowa. 1906. pp. 277–279.
  15. ^abcMcMullin 1984, pp. 157–158.
  16. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 27th Cong., 1st sess.,386, accessed February 26, 2023.
  17. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 27th Cong., 1st sess.,406, accessed February 26, 2023.
  18. ^The Territorial Papers of the United States: Volume I: General.United States Government Publishing Office. 1934. p. 13.
  19. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 28th Cong., 2nd sess.,364, accessed February 28, 2023.
  20. ^abMcMullin 1984, pp. 158–160.
  21. ^Gue, Benjamin F. (1903).Iowa biography. Century History Company. p. 52.
  22. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 29th Cong., 1st sess.,10, accessed February 26, 2023.
  23. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 29th Cong., 1st sess.,41, accessed February 26, 2023.
  24. ^1846 Const. article V, § 2
  25. ^abIA Const. art. IV, § 2
  26. ^abIA Const. amendment 32
  27. ^IA Const. art. IV, § 15
  28. ^IA Const. amendment 42
  29. ^abIA Const. art. IV, § 3
  30. ^IA Const. amendment 41
  31. ^IA Const. art. IV, § 17
  32. ^1846 Const. art V, § 18
  33. ^Hennigan, Gregg (November 5, 2010)."No 41st Governor for Iowa?".The Gazette (Cedar Rapids). RetrievedNovember 8, 2014.
  34. ^Sobel 1978, p. 429.
  35. ^"Ansel Briggs".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  36. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1846 sess.,33, accessed August 20, 2023
  37. ^abDubin 2003, p. 65.
  38. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 429–430.
  39. ^"Stephen Hempstead".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  40. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1850 sess.,35, accessed August 20, 2023
  41. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 430–431.
  42. ^"James Wilson Grimes".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  43. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1854 sess.,42, accessed August 20, 2023
  44. ^abDubin 2003, p. 66.
  45. ^abSobel 1978, p. 431.
  46. ^"Ralph Phillips Lowe".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  47. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1858 sess.,47, accessed August 20, 2023
  48. ^abcSobel 1978, pp. 432–433.
  49. ^abc"Samuel Jordan Kirkwood".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  50. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1860 sess.,51, accessed August 20, 2023
  51. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiKallenbach 1977, pp. 181–182.
  52. ^Sobel 1978, p. 433.
  53. ^"William Milo Stone".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  54. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1864 sess.,42, accessed August 20, 2023
  55. ^Sobel 1978, p. 434.
  56. ^"Samuel Merrill".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  57. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1868 sess.,46, accessed August 20, 2023
  58. ^United States Congress."Walden, Madison Miner (id: W000034)".Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  59. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 434–435.
  60. ^"Cyrus Clay Carpenter".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  61. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1872 sess.,54, accessed August 20, 2023
  62. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1876 sess.,25, accessed August 20, 2023
  63. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 435–436.
  64. ^"Joshua G. Newbold".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  65. ^"none".The Courier. February 7, 1877. p. 4. RetrievedAugust 20, 2023.Last Thursday, at half past ten a.m., Lieut. Governor Newbold became full fledged Governor of Iowa by taking the oath as prescribed by the Constitution.
  66. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 436–437.
  67. ^"John Henry Gear".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  68. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1878 sess.,24, accessed August 20, 2023
  69. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 437–438.
  70. ^"Buren Robinson Sherman".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  71. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1882 sess.,20, accessed August 20, 2023
  72. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 438–439.
  73. ^"William Larrabee".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  74. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1886 sess.,33, accessed August 20, 2023
  75. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 439–440.
  76. ^"Horace Boies".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  77. ^"A Democratic Ruler".Sioux City Journal. February 28, 1890. p. 1. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  78. ^abSobel 1978, p. 440.
  79. ^"Frank Darr Jackson".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  80. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1894 sess.,29, accessed August 20, 2023
  81. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 440–441.
  82. ^"Francis Marion Drake".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  83. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1896 sess.,33, accessed August 20, 2023
  84. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 441–442.
  85. ^"Leslie Mortier Shaw".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  86. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1898 sess.,102, accessed August 20, 2023
  87. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 442–443.
  88. ^ab"Albert Baird Cummins".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  89. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1902 sess.,53, accessed August 20, 2023
  90. ^"Warren Garst".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  91. ^"Garst Takes Oath As Iowa Governor".The Des Moines Register. November 25, 1908. p. 2. RetrievedAugust 20, 2023.
  92. ^Sobel 1978, p. 443.
  93. ^"Beryl Franklin Carroll".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  94. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1909 sess.,49, accessed August 20, 2023
  95. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 443–444.
  96. ^"George Washington Clarke".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  97. ^"New Regime Takes Hold at Capital".The Des Moines Register. January 17, 1913. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 20, 2023.
  98. ^Sobel 1978, p. 444.
  99. ^"William Lloyd Harding".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  100. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1917 sess.,117, accessed August 20, 2023
  101. ^abSobel 1978, p. 445.
  102. ^"Nathan Edward Kendall".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  103. ^"Kendall Takes Oath of Office".Quad-City Times. January 13, 1921. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 20, 2023.
  104. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 445–446.
  105. ^"John Hammill".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  106. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1925 sess.,71, accessed August 20, 2023
  107. ^Sobel 1978, p. 446.
  108. ^"Daniel Webster Turner".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  109. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1931 sess.,93, accessed August 20, 2023
  110. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 446–447.
  111. ^"Clyde Laverne Herring".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  112. ^"Herring Takes Oath As 26th Governor of State".Iowa City Press-Citizen. Associated Press. January 12, 1933. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 20, 2023.
  113. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 447–448.
  114. ^"Nelson George Kraschel".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  115. ^"Government Changes Urged".Sioux City Journal. Associated Press. January 15, 1937. p. 4. RetrievedAugust 20, 2023.
  116. ^abSobel 1978, p. 448.
  117. ^"George Allison Wilson".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  118. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1939 sess.,55, accessed August 20, 2023
  119. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 448–449.
  120. ^"Bourke Blakemore Hickenlooper".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
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  122. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 449–450.
  123. ^"Robert Donald Blue".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  124. ^Iowa General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1945 sess.,49, accessed August 20, 2023
  125. ^Cite error: The named referenceIowa was invoked but never defined (see thehelp page).
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  130. ^"Leo Elthon".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  131. ^Mills, George (November 22, 1954)."Crash Kills Beardsley; Car Hits Rear of Truck Near D. M.; Elthon Is Governor; Will Serve 2 Months As Iowa's Chief".The Des Moines Register. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 21, 2023.
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  148. ^"Robert D. Ray".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
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  151. ^Yepsen, David; Knudson, Dewey; Witosky, Tom (January 15, 1983)."New Governor Calls for Action on Social Programs, Education".The Des Moines Register. p. 1A. RetrievedAugust 21, 2023.
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  154. ^ab"Chet Culver".National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  155. ^Beaumont, Thomas (January 13, 2007)."State Needs To Lead the Nation in Renewable Energy, He Says".The Des Moines Register. p. 1A. RetrievedAugust 21, 2023.
  156. ^Beaumont, Thomas (January 15, 2011)."New Era Dawns for Branstad".The Des Moines Register. p. 1A. RetrievedAugust 21, 2023.
  157. ^Pfannenstiel, Brianne (May 24, 2017)."Branstad resigns governorship, takes office as U.S. Ambassador to China".Des Moines Register. RetrievedJuly 2, 2019.
  158. ^ab"Kim Reynolds".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  159. ^Noble, Jason (May 25, 2017)."State's 43rd Chief Executive Completes Her Historic Ascent".The Des Moines Register. p. 1A. RetrievedAugust 21, 2023.
  160. ^Gruber-Miller, Stephen (January 13, 2023)."Kim Reynolds has been sworn in for a second 4-year term as governor. Here's what to know:".Des Moines Register. RetrievedJanuary 23, 2025.
  161. ^Goldmacher, Shane (April 11, 2025)."Gov. Kim Reynolds of Iowa Won't Seek Re-election, Setting Up Open Race".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedApril 12, 2025.

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