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List of governors of Florida

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ron DeSantis has been governor since January 8, 2019.

Thegovernor of Florida is thehead of government of theU.S. state ofFlorida. Thegovernor is the head of theexecutive branch of thegovernment of Florida and is thecommander-in-chief of theFlorida National Guard andFlorida State Guard.

The current officeholder isRon DeSantis, a member of theRepublican Party who took office on January 8, 2019.

List of governors

[edit]

Military governor

[edit]
For a list of governors of Florida before it became a United States territory, seeList of colonial governors of Florida.

Spanish Florida was acquired from Spain in theAdams–Onís Treaty, which took effect July 10, 1821.[1] Parts ofWest Florida had already been assigned toAlabama,Louisiana, andMississippi; the remainder andEast Florida were governed by a military commissioner with the powers of governor until the territory was organized and incorporated.[2]

United States Commissioner and Governor of East and West Florida.[3]
No.CommissionerTerm in officeAppointed by
1Andrew Jackson
(1767–1845)
[3]		March 10, 1821
–
December 31, 1821
(resigned)[a]		James Monroe

Territory of Florida

[edit]

Florida Territory was organized on March 30, 1822, combining East and West Florida.[7]

Governors of the Territory of Florida
No.GovernorTerm in office[b]Appointed by
1William Pope Duval
(1784–1854)
[8][9]		April 17, 1822[c]
–
April 17, 1834[d]
(successor appointed)[e]		James Monroe
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
2John Eaton
(1790–1856)
[19][20]		April 24, 1834[f]
–
March 16, 1836
(successor appointed)		Andrew Jackson
3Richard K. Call
(1792–1862)
[22][23]		March 16, 1836[g]
–
December 2, 1839[h]
(successor appointed)		Andrew Jackson
Martin Van Buren
4Robert R. Reid
(1789–1841)
[28][29]		December 12, 1839[i]
–
March 19, 1841
(successor appointed)		Martin Van Buren
5Richard K. Call
(1792–1862)
[22][23]		March 19, 1841[j]
–
August 11, 1844
(successor appointed)		William Henry Harrison
John Tyler
6John Branch
(1782–1863)
[34][35]		August 11, 1844[k]
–
June 25, 1845
(statehood)		John Tyler

State of Florida

[edit]

The State of Florida wasadmitted to the Union on March 3, 1845. It seceded from theUnion on January 10, 1861,[38] and joined theConfederate States of America on February 8, 1861,[39] as a founding member. Following the end of theAmerican Civil War, it was part of theThird Military District.[40] Florida was readmitted to the Union on June 25, 1868.[41]

TheFlorida Constitution of 1838 provided that a governor be elected every 4 years, who was not allowed to serve consecutive terms.[42] The secessionist constitution of 1861 would have reduced this to two years and removed the term limit,[43] but the state fell to the Union before the first election under that constitution. The rejected constitution of 1865 and the ratified constitution of 1868 maintained the four-year term,[44][45] though without the earlier term limit, which was reintroduced in the 1885 constitution.[46] The current constitution of 1968 states that should the governor serve, or would have served had he not resigned, more than six years in two consecutive terms, he cannot be elected to the succeeding term.[47] The start of a term was set in 1885 at the first Tuesday after the first Monday in the January following the election,[46] where it has remained.[48]

Originally, the president of the state senate acted as governor should that office be vacant.[49] The 1865 and 1868 constitutions created the office oflieutenant governor,[50][51] who would similarly act as governor. This office was abolished in 1885, with the president of the senate again taking on that duty.[52] The 1968 constitution recreated the office of lieutenant governor, who now becomes governor in the absence of the governor.[53] The governor and lieutenant governor are elected on the sameticket.[47]

Florida was a stronglyDemocratic state before the Civil War, electing only one candidate from theWhig Party (the Democrats' chief opposition at the time).[54] It elected threeRepublican governors following Reconstruction, but after the Democratic Party re-established control, 90 years passed before voters chose another Republican. Since 1998, it has been a strongly Republican state.

Governors of the State of Florida
No.GovernorTerm in officePartyElectionLt. Governor[l][m]
1William Dunn Moseley
(1795–1863)
[55][56][57]		June 25, 1845[58]
–
October 1, 1849
(term-limited)[n]		Democratic[60]1845Office did not exist
2 Thomas Brown
(1785–1867)
[61][62][63]		October 1, 1849[58]
–
October 3, 1853
(term-limited)[n]		Whig[60]1848
3James E. Broome
(1808–1883)
[64][65][66]		October 3, 1853[67]
–
October 5, 1857
(term-limited)[n]		Democratic[60]1852
4Madison S. Perry
(1814–1865)
[68][69][70]		October 5, 1857[58]
–
October 7, 1861
(term-limited)[n]		Democratic[60]1856
5John Milton
(1807–1865)
[71][72][73]		October 7, 1861[58]
–
April 1, 1865
(died in office)[o]		Democratic[60]1860
6Abraham K. Allison
(1810–1893)
[74][75]		April 1, 1865[76]
–
May 19, 1865
(resigned)[p]		Democratic[58]President of
the Senate
acting
—VacantMay 19, 1865
–
July 13, 1865		Office vacated
aftercivil war
7William Marvin
(1808–1902)
[77][78][79]		July 13, 1865[80]
–
December 20, 1865
(provisional term ended)		Provisional governor
appointed by President[q]
8David S. Walker
(1815–1891)
[81][82][83]		December 20, 1865[58]
–
July 4, 1868
(did not run)		Conservative[81]1865 William W. J. Kelly[r]
9Harrison Reed
(1813–1899)
[84][85][86]		July 4, 1868[s]
–
January 7, 1873
(did not run)		Republican[58]1868William Henry Gleason
(removed December 14, 1868)[t]
Vacant
Edmund C. Weeks
(appointed January 24, 1870)
(term ended December 27, 1870)[u]
Samuel T. Day
(took office December 27, 1870)
10Ossian B. Hart
(1821–1874)
[92][93][94]		January 7, 1873[58]
–
March 18, 1874
(died in office)		Republican[58]1872Marcellus Stearns
11Marcellus Stearns
(1839–1891)
[95][96][97]		March 18, 1874[98]
–
January 2, 1877
(lost election)		Republican[58]Lieutenant
governor
acting		Acting as governor
12George Franklin Drew
(1827–1900)
[99][100][101]		January 2, 1877[102]
–
January 4, 1881
(did not run)		Democratic[58]1876Noble A. Hull
(resigned March 3, 1879)
Vacant
13William D. Bloxham
(1835–1911)
[103][104][105]		January 4, 1881[106]
–
January 6, 1885
(lost nomination)[107]		Democratic[58]1880Livingston W. Bethel
14Edward A. Perry
(1831–1889)
[108][109][110]		January 6, 1885[111]
–
January 8, 1889
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1884Milton H. Mabry
15Francis P. Fleming
(1841–1908)
[113][114][115]		January 8, 1889[116]
–
January 3, 1893
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1888Office did not exist
16Henry L. Mitchell
(1831–1903)
[117][118][119]		January 3, 1893[120]
–
January 5, 1897
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1892
17William D. Bloxham
(1835–1911)
[103][104][121]		January 5, 1897[122]
–
January 8, 1901
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1896
18William Sherman Jennings
(1863–1920)
[123][124][125]		January 8, 1901[126]
–
January 3, 1905
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1900
19Napoleon B. Broward
(1857–1910)
[127][128][129]		January 3, 1905[130]
–
January 5, 1909
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1904
20Albert W. Gilchrist
(1858–1926)
[131][132][133]		January 5, 1909[134]
–
January 7, 1913
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1908
21Park Trammell
(1876–1936)
[135][136][137]		January 7, 1913[138]
–
January 2, 1917
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1912
22Sidney Johnston Catts
(1863–1936)
[139][140][141]		January 2, 1917[142]
–
January 4, 1921
(term-limited)[v]		Prohibition[139]1916
23Cary A. Hardee
(1876–1957)
[143][144][145]		January 4, 1921[146]
–
January 6, 1925
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1920
24John W. Martin
(1884–1958)
[147][148][149]		January 6, 1925[150]
–
January 8, 1929
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1924
25Doyle E. Carlton
(1885–1972)
[151][152][153]		January 8, 1929[154]
–
January 3, 1933
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1928
26David Sholtz
(1891–1953)
[155][156][157]		January 3, 1933[158]
–
January 5, 1937
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1932
27Fred P. Cone
(1871–1948)
[159][160][161]		January 5, 1937[162]
–
January 7, 1941
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1936
28Spessard Holland
(1892–1971)
[163][164][165]		January 7, 1941[166]
–
January 2, 1945
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1940
29Millard Caldwell
(1897–1984)
[167][168][169]		January 2, 1945[170]
–
January 4, 1949
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1944
30Fuller Warren
(1905–1973)
[171][172][173]		January 4, 1949[174]
–
January 6, 1953
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1948
31Daniel T. McCarty
(1912–1953)
[175][176][177]		January 6, 1953[178]
–
September 28, 1953
(died in office)		Democratic[58]1952
32Charley Eugene Johns
(1905–1990)
[179][180][181]		September 28, 1953[182]
–
January 4, 1955
(lost nomination)[183]		Democratic[58]President of
the Senate
acting
33LeRoy Collins
(1909–1991)
[183][184][185]		January 4, 1955[186]
–
January 3, 1961
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1954
(special)[w]
1956
34C. Farris Bryant
(1914–2002)
[187][188][189]		January 3, 1961[190]
–
January 5, 1965
(term-limited)[v]		Democratic[58]1960
35W. Haydon Burns
(1912–1987)
[191][192][193]		January 5, 1965[194]
–
January 3, 1967
(lost nomination)[x]		Democratic[58]1964[y]
36Claude R. Kirk Jr.
(1926–2011)
[196][197][198]		January 3, 1967[199]
–
January 5, 1971
(lost election)		Republican[58]1966
Ray C. Osborne
(office created January 7, 1969)
37Reubin Askew
(1928–2014)
[200][201][202]		January 5, 1971[203]
–
January 2, 1979
(term-limited)[z]		Democratic[58]1970Thomas Burton Adams Jr.
1974Jim Williams
38Bob Graham
(1936–2024)
[205][206]		January 2, 1979[207]
–
January 3, 1987
(resigned)[aa]		Democratic[206]1978Wayne Mixson
1982
39Wayne Mixson
(1922–2020)
[209]		January 3, 1987[210]
–
January 6, 1987
(successor took office)		Democratic[209]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
40Bob Martinez
(b. 1934)
[211][212]		January 6, 1987[213]
–
January 8, 1991
(lost election)		Republican[212]1986Bobby Brantley
41Lawton Chiles
(1930–1998)
[214][215]		January 8, 1991[216]
–
December 12, 1998
(died in office)		Democratic[215]1990Buddy MacKay
1994
42Buddy MacKay
(1933–2024)
[217][218]		December 12, 1998[219]
–
January 5, 1999
(successor took office)[ab]		Democratic[218]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
43Jeb Bush
(b. 1953)
[220][221]		January 5, 1999[222]
–
January 2, 2007
(term-limited)[z]		Republican[221]1998Frank Brogan
(resigned March 3, 2003)
2002
Toni Jennings
44Charlie Crist
(b. 1956)
[223][224]		January 2, 2007[225]
–
January 4, 2011
(did not run)[ac]		Republican[ad]2006Jeff Kottkamp
45Rick Scott
(b. 1952)
[227]		January 4, 2011[228]
–
January 7, 2019[ae]
(term-limited)[z]		Republican[227]2010Jennifer Carroll
(resigned March 12, 2013)
Vacant
Carlos Lopez-Cantera
(appointed February 3, 2014)
2014
46Ron DeSantis
(b. 1978)
[230]		January 8, 2019[231]
–
Incumbent[af]		Republican[230]2018Jeanette Nuñez
(resigned February 16, 2025)
2022
Vacant
Jay Collins
(appointed August 12, 2025)

Acting governor

[edit]

Florida has had a number of people serve as acting governor. The state's first three constitutions provided that the succession in office became operative whenever the governor was out of the state. Thus, in 1853 when Governor Thomas Brown attended an event in Boston—the Senate president who would normally succeed the governor at the time was also out of state. Therefore, the speaker of the Florida House of Representatives, A.K. Allison, became acting governor on September 16, 1853. He served for 17 days.[233]

Article IV Section 3 (b) of the Florida Constitution now calls for the lieutenant governor to "act as Governor" during the governor's physical or mental incapacity. This provision has been invoked one time. On June 18, 2008, Governor Charlie Crist filed a proclamation with the secretary of state transferring power of governor to Lt. Governor Jeff Kottkamp pursuant to the constitutional provision while he underwent knee surgery.[234]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Jackson left Florida on October 8, 1821.[4] His resignation was submitted on November 13, and the president accepted it on December 31.[5][6]
  2. ^The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor's successor was confirmed, unless noted.
  3. ^Duval was nominated to be "Governor of the Floridas" on April 15, 1822.[10] This was withdrawn and he was nominated to be "Governor of the Territory of Florida" on April 16,[11] and confirmed by the Senate to that position on April 17.[12] No source specifies when he took office, but it was reported he reachedPensacola, then the capital, on June 22.[13] He was reconfirmed on March 8, 1825;[14] reappointed during Senate recesses on January 9, 1828,[15] and April 18, 1831;[15] and reconfirmed by the Senate on April 30, 1832.[16]
  4. ^The nomination of Duval's successor says his commission would expire on April 17, 1834.[17]
  5. ^At some point in 1827, the territorial secretaryWilliam M. McCarty acted as governor.[18]
  6. ^Eaton was nominated on March 29, 1834, for a term beginning April 17, when his predecessor's commission expired;[17] confirmed by the Senate on April 24;[21] and took office on December 11.[19]
  7. ^Call was nominated on February 18, 1836,[24] confirmed by the Senate on March 16,[25] and took office on April 4.[22] He was reconfirmed by the Senate on February 25, 1839.[26]
  8. ^Multiple sources say Call's term ended on December 2, 1836,[27][15][28] but none say why, nor why this happened a week before Reid's confirmation on December 12.
  9. ^Reid was nominated on December 11, 1839,[30] and confirmed by the Senate on December 12.[31]
  10. ^Call was appointed on March 19, 1841,[15] during a Senate recess; nominated on June 17;[32]and confirmed by the Senate on August 11.[33]
  11. ^Branch was nominated on June 14, 1844,[36] and confirmed by the Senate on June 15,[37] for a term to start August 11.
  12. ^The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1868,[50] abolished in 1885,[52] and recreated in 1968.[53]
  13. ^Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  14. ^abcdUnder the 1839 constitution, governors were ineligible for re-election until four years had passed.[59]
  15. ^Milton committed suicide due to the pending defeat of theConfederate States of America, stating in his final address to the legislature that "death would be preferable to reunion."[72]
  16. ^Allison resigned to go into hiding from approachingUnion troops, and was captured by them on June 19, 1865.[74]
  17. ^Marvin was appointed provisional governor by theUnion occupation.[78]
  18. ^Represented theRepublican Party
  19. ^Reed was popularly elected under the terms of the 1868 constitution, and took the oath of office on June 8, 1868;[87] however, the federal commander of Florida did not recognize the validity of the state constitution and the election until July 4.[88][89]
  20. ^During an attempted impeachment of Reed, Gleason proclaimed himself governor. The Supreme Court eventually sided with Reed, and Gleason was removed from office.[90]
  21. ^Appointed as temporary lieutenant governor to replace William Henry Gleason. However, the state comptroller did not believe the governor could appoint a replacement to an elected office and refused to pay Weeks, and the Senate refused to accept his presidency over them, even proposing a motion to arrest him. Governor Reed called for a special election to replace him, and though Weeks fought it, the Florida Supreme Court declared his term to have ended when the new election results were certified.[91]
  22. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrsUnder the 1885 constitution, governors were ineligible for re-election for the succeeding term.[112]
  23. ^Special election to fill the remainder of McCarty's term[184]
  24. ^Burns lost the Democratic nomination toRobert King High. A constitutional amendment shifted the election schedule two years, and allowed the governor elected in 1964 to run for a second term.[195]
  25. ^This term was only two years as the election schedule was changed so that it would not coincide with presidential elections.[192]
  26. ^abcUnder the 1968 constitution, those who have served more than six years in two consecutive terms are ineligible for election to governor.[204]
  27. ^Graham resigned, having beenelected to theUnited States Senate.[208]
  28. ^MacKay was a candidate in the 1998 election but lost; he succeeded Chiles after the election but before his successor took office.
  29. ^Crist insteadran unsuccessfully for theUnited States Senate.
  30. ^Crist was elected as a member of the Republican Party, and switched to independent in April 2010.[226]
  31. ^Due to Ron DeSantis and Jeanette Nuñez taking their oath of office ahead of time, they became governor and lieutenant governor at midnight on January 8, rather than waiting for an inauguration ceremony. Thus, Scott and Lopez-Cantera's terms ended at the end of January 7.[229]
  32. ^DeSantis' second term began on January 3, 2023,[232] andwill expire on January 5, 2027; he will be term-limited

References

[edit]
General
Constitutions
Specific
  1. ^"Adams-Onís Treaty".Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture. Oklahoma Historical Society. Archived fromthe original on July 31, 2010. RetrievedJuly 6, 2010.
  2. ^"Andrew Jackson, Commissioner of the United States". Florida Department of State. RetrievedOctober 28, 2016.
  3. ^ab"Andrew Jackson".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2023.
  4. ^Morris, Allen; Joan Perry Morris (1999).The Florida Handbook, 1999–2000. Peninsular Books. p. 275.ISBN 978-0-9616000-7-5. RetrievedJuly 6, 2010.
  5. ^Harold D. Moser; David R. Hoth; George H. Hoemann, eds. (1996).The Papers of Andrew Jackson: 1821–1824. University of Tennessee Press. pp. xiv, 126, 513.ISBN 0-87049-897-5. RetrievedJuly 6, 2010.
  6. ^Stanislaus Murray Hamilton, ed. (1902).The Writings of James Monroe. G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 207. RetrievedJuly 6, 2010.
  7. ^Peters, Virginia Bergman (1979).The Florida Wars. Hamden: The Shoestring Press. pp. 63–74.ISBN 0-208-01719-4.
  8. ^McMullin 1984, pp. 97–98.
  9. ^"William DuVal".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2023.
  10. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 17th Cong., 1st sess.,293, accessed February 18, 2023.
  11. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 17th Cong., 1st sess.,294, accessed February 18, 2023.
  12. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 17th Cong., 1st sess.,295, accessed February 18, 2023.
  13. ^Knauss, James Owen (1932)."William Pope DuVal: Pioneer and State Builder".Florida Historical Quarterly.11 (3):100–101.
  14. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 19th Cong., special sess.,437, accessed February 18, 2023.
  15. ^abcdThe Territorial Papers of the United States: Volume I: General.United States Government Publishing Office. 1934. p. 8.
  16. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 22nd Cong., 1st sess.,185, accessed February 18, 2023.
  17. ^abU.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 23rd Cong., 1st sess.,380, accessed February 19, 2023.
  18. ^"McCarty, William Mason".Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. RetrievedDecember 21, 2022.
  19. ^abMcMullin 1984, pp. 98–99.
  20. ^"John Henry Eaton".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2023.
  21. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 23rd Cong., 1st sess.,392, accessed February 19, 2023.
  22. ^abcMcMullin 1984, pp. 99–101.
  23. ^ab"Richard Keith Call".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  24. ^U.S.Senate Exec. Journal. 24th Cong., 1st sess.,509, accessed February 19, 2023.
  25. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 24th Cong., 1st sess.,524, accessed February 19, 2023.
  26. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 25th Cong., 3rd sess.,204, accessed February 19, 2023.
  27. ^Warner, Lee H. (1983)."Florida's Capitols".The Florida Historical Quarterly.61 (3): 247.ISSN 0015-4113.
  28. ^abMcMullin 1984, pp. 101–102.
  29. ^"Robert Raymond Reid".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  30. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 26th Cong., 1st sess.,222, accessed February 19, 2023.
  31. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 26th Cong., 1st sess.,223, accessed February 19, 2023.
  32. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 27th Cong., 1st sess.,386, accessed February 19, 2023.
  33. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 27th Cong., 1st sess.,418, accessed February 19, 2023.
  34. ^McMullin 1984, pp. 102–103.
  35. ^"John Branch".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  36. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 28th Cong., 1st sess.,323, accessed February 19, 2023.
  37. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 28th Cong., 1st sess.,341, accessed February 19, 2023.
  38. ^"Florida and the Civil War" A Short History".Florida Memory. State Library & Archives of Florida. Archived fromthe original on April 26, 2010. RetrievedJuly 5, 2010.
  39. ^"February 1861–1865".This Day in History. Florida Historical Society. Archived fromthe original on January 10, 2011. RetrievedJuly 6, 2010.
  40. ^Cox, Merlin (January 1968). "Military Reconstruction in Florida".Florida Historical Quarterly.46 (3): 219.
  41. ^"June in Florida History".This Day in History. Florida Historical Society. Archived fromthe original on October 14, 2011. RetrievedJuly 6, 2010.
  42. ^1838 Const. art III, § 2
  43. ^1861 Const. art. III, § 2
  44. ^1865 Const. art. III, § 2
  45. ^1868 Const. art. V, § 2
  46. ^ab1885 Const. art. IV, § 2
  47. ^abFL Const. art. IV, § 5
  48. ^FL Const. art. IV, § 2
  49. ^1838 Const. art III, § 18
  50. ^ab1865 Const. art. III, § 19
  51. ^1868 Const. art. V, § 15
  52. ^ab1885 Const. art. IV, § 19
  53. ^abFL Const. art. IV, § 3
  54. ^"Whig Party | History, Beliefs, Significance, & Facts".Encyclopedia Britannica. RetrievedOctober 19, 2018.
  55. ^Sobel 1978, p. 251.
  56. ^"William Dunn Moseley".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  57. ^"William Dunn Moseley".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  58. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiKallenbach 1977, pp. 126–128.
  59. ^"1839 Fla. Const. art. III, § 2".www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. RetrievedDecember 16, 2023.
  60. ^abcdeDubin 2003, p. 29.
  61. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 251–252.
  62. ^"Thomas Brown".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  63. ^"Thomas Brown".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  64. ^Sobel 1978, p. 252.
  65. ^"James Emilius Broome".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  66. ^"James E. Broome".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  67. ^"none".Pensacola Gazette. October 22, 1853. p. 2. RetrievedAugust 8, 2023.Gov. Broome was inaugurated at Tallahassee on the 3d inst.
  68. ^Sobel 1978, p. 253.
  69. ^"Madison Starke Perry".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  70. ^"Madison Starke Perry".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  71. ^Sobel 1978, p. 254.
  72. ^ab"John Milton".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  73. ^"John Milton".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  74. ^ab"Abraham Kurkindolle Allison".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  75. ^"Abraham Kurkindolle Allison".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  76. ^"none".New York Daily Herald. May 5, 1865. p. 4. RetrievedAugust 8, 2023.Abraham K. Allison, President of the rebel Senate of Florida... officially announces the death of John Milton, the rebel Governor, and, as acting Governor ...
  77. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 254–255.
  78. ^ab"William Marvin".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  79. ^"William Marvin".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  80. ^"none".Evening Star. July 15, 1865. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 8, 2023.I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States... do hereby appoint William Marvin Provisional Governor as the State of Florida...
  81. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 255–256.
  82. ^"David Shelby Walker".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  83. ^"David Shelby Walker".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  84. ^Sobel 1978, p. 256.
  85. ^"Harrison Reed".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  86. ^"Harrison Reed".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  87. ^Florida Legislature.Journal of the Senate. 15th Leg., 1st sess.,4–5, accessed February 19, 2023.
  88. ^"Harrison Reed".Museum of Florida History. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  89. ^"Washington".Detroit Free Press. July 15, 1868. p. 1. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  90. ^Davis, William Watson (1913).The Civil War and Reconstruction in Florida, Volume 53. Columbia University. pp. 550–555.ISBN 9780722201985. RetrievedJuly 6, 2010.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  91. ^Cases argued and adjudged in the Supreme Court of Florida. Vol. XIII. State of Florida. 1871. RetrievedJuly 6, 2010.
  92. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 256–257.
  93. ^"Ossian Bingley Hart".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  94. ^"Ossian B. Hart".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  95. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 257–258.
  96. ^"Marcellus Lovejoy Stearns".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  97. ^"Marcellus L. Stearns".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  98. ^"Death of the Governor of Florida".New Orleans Republican. March 19, 1874. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 8, 2023.
  99. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 258–259.
  100. ^"George Franklin Drew".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  101. ^"George Franklin Drew".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  102. ^"Drew's Inauguration".Memphis Daily Appeal. January 9, 1877. p. 2. RetrievedAugust 8, 2023.
  103. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 259–260.
  104. ^ab"William Dunnington Bloxham".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  105. ^"William D. Bloxham".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  106. ^"Florida".The Macon Telegraph. January 8, 1881. p. 2. RetrievedAugust 8, 2023.
  107. ^Prince, Sigsbee Jr. (January 1951). "Edward A. Perry, Yankee General of the Florida Brigade".The Florida Historical Quarterly.29 (3): 202.JSTOR 30138822.
  108. ^Sobel 1978, p. 260.
  109. ^"Edward Aylsworth Perry".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  110. ^"Edward Aylsworth Perry".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  111. ^"Perry Inaugurated – Davis Speaker".The Pensacolian. January 10, 1885. p. 5. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  112. ^"1885 Fla. Const. art. IV, § 2".www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. RetrievedDecember 16, 2023.
  113. ^Sobel 1978, p. 261.
  114. ^"Francis Philip Fleming".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  115. ^"Francis P. Fleming".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  116. ^"Florida's New Governor".The Weekly Floridian. January 15, 1889. p. 2. RetrievedAugust 8, 2023.
  117. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 261–262.
  118. ^"Henry Laurens Mitchell".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  119. ^"Henry Laurens Mitchell".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  120. ^"The Inauguration".The Pensacola News. January 4, 1893. p. 4. RetrievedAugust 8, 2023.
  121. ^"William D. Bloxham".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  122. ^"Bloxham Is Inaugurated".The Atlanta Journal. January 5, 1897. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 8, 2023.
  123. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 262–263.
  124. ^"William Sherman Jennings".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  125. ^"William S. Jennings".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  126. ^"Governor Jennings".The Pensacola News. January 8, 1901. p. 5. RetrievedAugust 8, 2023.
  127. ^Sobel 1978, p. 263.
  128. ^"Napoleon Bonaparte Broward".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  129. ^"Napoleon Bonaparte Broward".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  130. ^"Immense Crowds Greet New Governor of Florida".Pensacola News Journal. January 4, 1905. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 8, 2023.
  131. ^Sobel 1978, p. 264.
  132. ^"Albert Waller Gilchrist".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  133. ^"Albert Gilchrist".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  134. ^"Gilchrist Inaugurated As Governor of Florida".Pensacola News Journal. January 6, 1909. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 8, 2023.
  135. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 264–265.
  136. ^"Park Trammell".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  137. ^"Park Trammell".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  138. ^"Park Trammell Inaugurated Governor of Florida Amid Pomp and Splendor".The Miami News. January 7, 1913. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 8, 2023.
  139. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 265–266.
  140. ^"Sidney Johnston Catts".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  141. ^"Sidney Catts".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  142. ^"Catts Today Becomes Governor of Florida".The Miami News. January 2, 1917. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 9, 2023.
  143. ^Sobel 1978, p. 266.
  144. ^"Cary Augustus Hardee".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  145. ^"Cary Hardee".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  146. ^"Hardee Is Inaugurated Governor".The Tampa Times. January 4, 1921. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 9, 2023.
  147. ^Sobel 1978, p. 267.
  148. ^"John Wellborn Martin".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  149. ^"John Martin".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  150. ^"Martin Inaugurated Florida's Governor As Hardee Retires".The Miami Herald. Associated Press. January 7, 1925. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 9, 2023.
  151. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 267–268.
  152. ^"Doyle Elam Carlton".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  153. ^"Doyle Carlton".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  154. ^"Throng Sees Carlton Made Florida Chief".The Miami Herald. Associated Press. January 9, 1929. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 9, 2023.
  155. ^Sobel 1978, p. 268.
  156. ^"David Sholtz".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  157. ^"Dave Sholtz".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  158. ^"Sholtz Becomes Governor of Florida".Tallahassee Democrat. January 3, 1933. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 9, 2023.
  159. ^Sobel 1978, p. 269.
  160. ^"Frederick Preston Cone".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  161. ^"Fred Cone".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  162. ^"Fred P. Cone Takes Office As Governor".Tallahassee Democrat. Associated Press. January 5, 1937. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  163. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 269–270.
  164. ^"Spessard Lindsey Holland".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  165. ^"Spessard Holland".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2023.
  166. ^Abbott, Bill (January 8, 1941)."20,000 Cheer Holland As He Takes New Job".The Tampa Tribune. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  167. ^Sobel 1978, p. 270.
  168. ^"Millard Fillmore Caldwell".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  169. ^"Millard Fillmore Caldwell".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  170. ^"New Governor Sees Need for New Revenue".Tampa Bay Times. Associated Press. January 3, 1945. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  171. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 270–271.
  172. ^"Fuller Warren".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  173. ^"Fuller Warren".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  174. ^Murray, J. A. (January 5, 1949)."Governor Takes Office in Gala Show".The Tampa Tribune. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  175. ^Sobel 1978, p. 271.
  176. ^"Daniel Thomas McCarty".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  177. ^"Dan McCarty".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  178. ^McDermott, John (January 7, 1953)."McCarty, at Inaugural, Pledges Clean Regime".The Miami Herald. p. 1A. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  179. ^Sobel 1978, p. 272.
  180. ^"Charley Eugene Johns".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  181. ^"Charley Johns".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  182. ^"Gallant Fight for Life Ends With McCarty Death at 41".Tallahassee Democrat. Associated Press. September 29, 1953. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  183. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 272–273.
  184. ^ab"Thomas Leroy Collins".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  185. ^"LeRoy Collins".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  186. ^McDermott, John B. (January 5, 1955)."Outlaws 'Barter' of Votes for Jobs in Blast at Johns".The Miami Herald. p. 1A. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  187. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 273–274.
  188. ^"Cecil Farris Bryant".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  189. ^"Farris Bryant".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  190. ^McDermott, John (January 4, 1961)."Bryant Calls on Floridians To Stamp Out Sectionalism".The Miami Herald. p. 1A. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  191. ^Sobel 1978, p. 274.
  192. ^ab"Haydon Burns".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  193. ^"Haydon Burns".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  194. ^Bradford, Vernon (January 6, 1965)."Governor Urges Unity for Florida".The Tampa Tribune. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  195. ^"1885 Fla. Const. amend. 223".www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. RetrievedDecember 16, 2023.
  196. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 274–275.
  197. ^"Claude Roy Kirk".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  198. ^"Claude Roy Kirk, Jr".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  199. ^Bradford, Duane (January 4, 1967)."Kirk Calls Legislators To Act on Constitution".The Tampa Tribune. p. 1A. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  200. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 275–276.
  201. ^"Reubin O'Donovan Askew".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  202. ^"Reubin O'Donovan Askew".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  203. ^McDermott, John (January 6, 1971)."Askew Puts Tax Reform Before Sales Levy Hike".The Miami Herald. p. 1A. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  204. ^"Fla. Const. art. IV, § 5".www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. RetrievedDecember 16, 2023.
  205. ^"Daniel Robert Graham".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  206. ^ab"D. Robert (Bob) Graham".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  207. ^McDermott, John (January 3, 1979)."Graham Takes State Reins".The Miami Herald. p. 1A. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  208. ^Anderson, Paul (January 4, 1987)."Mixson Begins 3-Day Tenure as Governor".The Miami Herald. p. 10A. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  209. ^ab"Wayne Mixson".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  210. ^Oetgen, Albert (January 4, 1987)."Dapper Dans and the President Kick Off Mixson's Three-Day Term".Tallahassee Democrat. p. 1A. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  211. ^"Robert Martinez".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  212. ^ab"Robert (Bob) Martinez".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  213. ^Silva, Mark; Anderson, Paul (January 7, 1987)."Martinez Takes Florida Reins".The Miami Herald. p. 1A. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  214. ^"Lawton Chiles".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  215. ^ab"Lawton M. Chiles".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  216. ^Van Gieson, John C. (January 9, 1991)."Governor Promises No New Taxes This Year".The Orlando Sentinel. p. A1. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  217. ^"Kenneth Hood Mackay".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  218. ^ab"Kenneth Hood "Buddy" MacKay, Jr".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  219. ^Bousquet, Steve; Long, Phil (December 13, 1998)."Stricken During Exercise at Mansion".The Miami Herald. p. 1A. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  220. ^"Jeb Bush".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  221. ^ab"John Ellis (Jeb) Bush".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  222. ^Silva, Mark (January 6, 1999)."Inaugural Address Targets Education, Social Services".The Miami Herald. p. 1A. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  223. ^"Charlie Crist".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  224. ^"Charles (Charlie) J. Crist, Jr".Florida Memory. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  225. ^Bousquet, Steve (January 3, 2007)."Take Oath. Look Ahead".Tampa Bay Times. p. 1A. RetrievedAugust 12, 2023.
  226. ^"Can Crist Win in Florida as an Independent?". Time. May 3, 2010. Archived fromthe original on May 5, 2010. RetrievedJuly 14, 2010.
  227. ^ab"Rick Scott".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  228. ^Bender, Michael C.; Klas, Mary Ellen (January 5, 2011)."Governor Goes To Work".The Miami Herald. p. 1A. RetrievedAugust 12, 2023.
  229. ^"DeSantis already governor when ceremony begins".Tampa Bay Times. January 5, 2019. RetrievedJanuary 9, 2019.
  230. ^ab"Ron DeSantis".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2023.
  231. ^Ceballos, Ana (January 9, 2019)."Gov. Ron DeSantis Puts Environment on Center Stage As He Takes the Oath of Office".Tallahassee Democrat. p. 1A. RetrievedAugust 12, 2023.
  232. ^Izaguirre, Anthony; Farrington, Brendan (January 3, 2023)."Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis sworn in for second term".Associated Press. RetrievedJanuary 23, 2025.
  233. ^Allen Morris & Joan Perry Morris, "The Florida Handbook" 2007-2008.
  234. ^"Gov. Crist Has Surgery on Knee".The Ledger. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2023.

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