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TheGovernment Ministries of Thailand (Thai:กระทรวง:Krasuang) are the government agencies that compose theexecutive branch of theGovernment of Thailand. Each ministry is headed by a minister of state (Thai:รัฐมนตรีว่าการกระทรวง,RTGS: Ratthamontri Wa Kan Krasuang) and, depending on theprime minister, several deputy ministers (Thai:รัฐมนตรีช่วยว่าการกระทรวง) . The combined heads of these agencies form theCabinet of Thailand. There are 19 ministries.[1] The combined employees of these departments make up the civil service of Thailand.
During theRattanakosin Period, the kingdom's administration was similar to that of theAyutthaya Period. There were two chief ministers (Thai:อัครมหาเสนาบดี: Akkhramahasenabodi): the first running military affairs orsamuhakalahom (Thai:สมุหกลาโหม), and the secondSamuhanayok (Thai:สมุหนายก) for civilian affairs. The civilian ministry was divided further into fourkroms (Thai:กรม), headed by asenabodi (Thai:เสนาบดี) or 'minister'. This type of administration was called theChatusadom (Thai:จตุสดมภ์) :
| Ministries | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Thai Name | Head | Purpose |
| Krom Nakhonban orKromma Wiang | กรมนครบาล หรือ กรมเวียง | Senabodi | Cities and local administration |
| Kromma Wang | กรมวัง | Senabodi | Palace affairs |
| Kromma Khlang | กรมคลัง | Senabodi | Treasury and trade |
| Kromma Na | กรมนา | Senabodi | Agriculture and land |
KingChulalongkorn (Rama V), who had received a European education and traveled widely, reformed the administration of the state. In 1875, he issued aroyal decree to bring about this reform, dividing and creating many departments, and thereby preventing the archaic system from collapsing.
The administrative reforms ofChulalongkorn created six ministries (Thai:กระทรวง: krasuang), each headed by aminister of state or (Thai:รัฐมนตรี,RTGS: ratthamontri):
| Ministries | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Thai Name | RTGS | Head | Purpose |
| Ministry of Interior | กระทรวงมหาดไทย | Krasuang Mahatthai | Minister | Local administration and the north |
| Ministry of War | กระทรวงยุทธนาธิการ | Krasuang Yuttana Thikarn | Military and the south | |
| Ministry of Metropolitan Affairs | กระทรวงนครบาล | Krasuang Nakhonban | Bangkok and surrounding area | |
| Ministry of the Royal Household | กระทรวงวัง | Krasuang Wang | Palace affairs | |
| Ministry of Finance | กระทรวงการคลัง | Krasuang Kan Khlang | Finance and commerce | |
| Ministry of Agriculture | กระทรวงเกษตราธิการ | Krasuang Kasettrathikarn | Agriculture and land | |
A further four were soon added:
| Ministries | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Thai Name | Head | Purpose |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs | กระทรวงการต่างประเทศ | Minister | Foreign affairs and relations |
| Ministry of Justice | กระทรวงยุติธรรม | Minister | Justice and the judiciary |
| Ministry of Transport and Communication | กระทรวงโยธาธิการ | Minister | Transport and communication (railways and telegrams) |
| Ministry of Education | กระทรวงธรรมการ | Minister | Education |
By 1900 the entire structure was formed. The ten ministries became the center of Siamese government and rule. After the1932 Revolution, most of the ministries were retained by theKhana Ratsadon, however from then on the ministers were chosen by the prime minister and not the king.
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