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List of fascist movements by country

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Fascism
See also:List of fascist movements,definitions of fascism, andfascism and ideology

This is a list of political parties, organizations, and movements that are widely regarded asfascist. Although many figureheads of such movements reject the label of fascism, scholars and observers often identify fascist characteristics based on ideology, behavior, and historical context.[1] Because fascism is an ideological framework rather than a formally declared affiliation, its classification can be contested—particularly when leaders do not explicitly identify their movements as fascist.[2]

To accommodate length and improve readability, the complete list of fascist parties, organizations, and movements—including those that have not held power or served as governing bodies—has been divided into four sections:

Fascist governing bodies

The following parties, organizations, movements, and figureheads are widely regarded asfascist and have held, or currently hold, power:

CountryAdministrationParty, movement, and/or figureheadFromToRef.
 Italy *Free State of FiumeItalian Nationalist Association19221923
Fascist ItalyNational Fascist Party19221943[3]
Italian Social RepublicRepublican Fascist Party19431945
 GermanyGerman ReichNazi Party19331945
 China *Empire of ManchuriaConcordia Association19321945
Reorganized National GovernmentKuomintang-Nanjing19401945
 Romania *Kingdom of RomaniaNational Christian Party19371938
National Legionary State of RomaniaIron Guard19401941
Kingdom of RomaniaIon Antonescu19411944
 YugoslaviaKingdom of YugoslaviaYugoslav Radical Union19351939
Government of National SalvationYugoslav National Movement19411944
Independent State of CroatiaUstaša19411945
Governorate of MontenegroMontenegrin Federalist Party19411943
German occupied Montenegro19431944
Independent State of MacedoniaInternal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization19441944
 Spain *Spanish StateFET y de las JONS19361975
 PortugalSecond Republic of PortugalNational Union19331974
 GreeceKingdom of Greece4th of August Regime19361941
 San MarinoMost Serene Republic of San MarinoSammarinese Fascist Party19231943
 AustriaFederal State of AustriaFatherland Front19341938
 SlovakiaSlovak RepublicSlovak People's Party19391945
 AlbaniaKingdom of AlbaniaAlbanian Fascist Party19391943
German occupied AlbaniaBalli Kombëtar19431944
 France *Vichy FrancePhilippe Pétain19401944
 NorwayNational Government of NorwayNasjonal Samling19421945
 Poland *General Government of PolandNazi Party19391945
Free City of DanzigArthur Greiser andAlbert Maria Forster19341939
 GreeceHellenic StateGeorgios Tsolakoglou,Konstantinos Logothetopoulos, andIoannis Rallis19411944
 MonacoMonaco19421943
 Czech RepublicProtectorate of Bohemia and MoraviaNational Partnership19391945
 HungaryGovernment of National Unity of HungaryArrow Cross Party19441945
MyanmarState Administration CouncilUnion Solidarity and Development Party20212025[4][5][6][7][8]
National Defence and Security Council2025present
 United States *United States of AmericaTrumpistfaction of the US Republican Party2025present[9][10][11][12][13][14][15]

[16][17][18][19]


Alliances

See also

References

  1. ^Bernstein, Sanders Isaac (Spring 2023)."On the Uses and Abuses of Fascism".American Literary History.35 (1):445–451.doi:10.1093/alh/ajac242. Retrieved23 September 2025.
  2. ^Traverso, Enzo (2022)."The Return of Fascism?".Modern Intellectual History.20 (1). Cambridge University Press:1–24.doi:10.1017/S1479244322000129. Retrieved23 September 2025.Steinback, Glenn-Iain (2013)."A Historiography of Fascism".History in the Making.6. California State University, San Bernardino. Retrieved23 September 2025.Dean-Ploof, Travis (April 2025)."Understanding the Conceptions of "Fascism" in Our Contemporary Political Climate".Inquiry Journal. University of New Hampshire. Retrieved23 September 2025.
  3. ^Larsen, Stein Ugelvik; Hagtvet, Bernt; Myklebust, Jan Petter, eds. (1980).Who were the Fascists : social roots of European Fascism. Bergen: Universitetsforlaget. pp. 119, 362.ISBN 8200053318.
  4. ^https://www.historyworkshop.org.uk/anti-fascism/like-karaoke-fascism-all-over-again-the-military-coup-in-myanmar-and-the-global-rise-of-the-far-right/
  5. ^https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/10/1/the-coup-united-the-people-of-myanmar-against-oppression
  6. ^https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/36297/html/
  7. ^https://www.irrawaddy.com/opinion/guest-column/in-myanmar-china-is-embracing-a-fascist-regime.html
  8. ^https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/28/asia/myanmar-min-aung-hlaing-annihilate-opposition-intl-hnk
  9. ^Cox, Lloyd; O'Connor, Brendon (2025)."It is time to use the F word about Trump: Fascism, populism and the rebirth of history".Leadership.20 (1).doi:10.1177/17427150231210732.
  10. ^Gökarıksel, Banu; Smith, Sara (2016). "'Making America Great Again'?: The fascist body politics of Donald Trump".Political Geography.54:79–81.doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2016.07.004.
  11. ^Renton, D. K. (1 April 2025)."Trump, Fascism, and the Authoritarian Turn".Spectre Journal.doi:10.63478/XIWSTTUP. Retrieved19 September 2025.
  12. ^Cox, Lloyd; O'Connor, Brendon (2025). "Trumpism, Fascism and Neoliberalism".Distinktion: Journal of Social Theory. (advance online publication).doi:10.1080/1600910X.2025.2481159.
  13. ^Short Takes by UCLA Historians: Are we in a Fascist Age?.UCLA Luskin Center for History and Policy (Report). 20 January 2021. Retrieved19 September 2025.
  14. ^Beauchamp, Zack (16 October 2020)."What is fascism, and is Trump a fascist? 8 experts weigh in".Vox. Retrieved19 September 2025.
  15. ^Milman, Oliver (4 November 2024)."Is Trump actually a fascist – and why does the answer matter?".The Guardian. Retrieved19 September 2025.
  16. ^Stanley, Jason; Goodman, Amy (September 18, 2024)."Fascism Expert Jason Stanley on Project 2025, Great Replacement Theory, Attacks on Immigrants & Gaza".Democracy Now!. RetrievedSeptember 19, 2025.
  17. ^Stanley, Jason (September 4, 2020)."How Fascism Works: Trump's "Law & Order" Is Lawlessness, Fueling Racist Violence & Chaos".Democracy Now!. RetrievedSeptember 19, 2025.
  18. ^Stan, Adele M. (Spring 2025)."The "New" American Fascists".Democracy Journal (76). Retrieved19 September 2025.
  19. ^McNeill, J. R. (21 August 2020)."How fascist is President Trump? There's still a formula for that".The Washington Post. Retrieved19 September 2025.

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