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List of fake news websites

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Page version status

This is an accepted version of this page

This is thelatest accepted revision,reviewed on7 February 2026.

For satirical news, seeList of satirical news websites.

This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.

Fake news websites are those which intentionally, but not necessarily solely, publishhoaxes anddisinformation for purposes other thannews satire. Some of these sites usehomograph spoofing attacks,typosquatting and other deceptive strategies similar to those used inphishing attacks to resemble genuinenews outlets.[1][2][3]

Definition

[edit]

Fake news sites deliberately publishhoaxes anddisinformation to driveweb traffic inflamed bysocial media.[4][5][6] These sites are distinguished fromnews satire (which is usually intended to be humorous) as they mislead and sometimes profit from readers'gullibility.[5] While most fake news sites are portrayed to be spinoffs of other news sites, some of these websites are examples ofwebsite spoofing, structured to make visitors believe they are visiting major news outlets likeABC News orMSNBC.[7]The New York Times pointed out that within a strict definition, "fake news" on the Internet referred to a fictitious article which was fabricated with the deliberate motivation todefraud readers, generally with the goal of profiting throughclickbait.[8]PolitiFact described fake news as fabricated content designed to fool readers and subsequently made viral through the Internet to crowds that increase its dissemination.[9]

The New York Times noted in a December 2016 article that fake news had previously maintained a presence on the Internet and withintabloid journalism in the years prior to the2016 U.S. election.[8] Except for the2016 Philippine elections,[10] prior to the election betweenHillary Clinton andDonald Trump, fake news had not impacted the election process and subsequent events to such a high degree.[8] Subsequent to the 2016 election, the issue of fake news turned into a political weapon, with supporters ofleft-wing politics saying those on the opposite side of the spectrum spread falsehoods, and supporters ofright-wing politics arguing such accusations were merely a way to censorconservative views.[8] Due to these back-and-forth complaints, the definition of fake news as used for such polemics became more vague.[8]

Lists

[edit]

Campaigns by individuals

[edit]

The following is a list of websites created by individuals (aside from those associated with corporations or political actors) that have been considered by journalists, fact-checkers or researchers as distributing false news - or otherwise participating in misinformation or disinformation.

American News LLC

[edit]
NameDomainStatusNotesSources
American Newsamericannews.comDefunctPublished a false story claiming actorDenzel Washington endorsedDonald Trump forU.S. president. The fictional headline led to thousands of people sharing it onFacebook, a prominent example of fake news spreading on the social network prior to the 2016 presidential election.[11]

[12][13][14]

Conservative 101conservative101.comFalsely claimed that theWhite House firedKellyanne Conway.[11][12][14]
Democratic ReviewDemocraticReview.comDefunctOwned by American Review LLC of Miami, the same company that owns American News (americannews.com), Conservative 101 and Liberal Society.[12][14]
Liberal SocietyLiberalSociety.comDefunctPublished a fake direct quote attributed to Obama, Falsely claimed that the White House firedKellyanne Conway.[11][12][14]

Conservative Beaver

[edit]
NameDomainStatusNotesSources
Conservative Beaverconservativebeaver.comDefunctPublished false anti-vaccination claims related to Pfizer, leading to Pfizer filing a petition to compel the site host to reveal the site owner's identity.[15]
The Red Panthertheredpanther.comDefunctFormer name of Toronto Today.

As of 2024, is now an e-commerce site.

[15]
Toronto99.comToronto99.comActiveHad the same Google AdSense code as The Conservative Beaver.[15]
Toronto Todaytorontotoday.netDefunctHad the same Google AdSense code as The Conservative Beaver.[15]
Vancouver Timesvancouvertimes.orgDefunctLikely shares the same site owner as the Conservative Beaver and Toronto Today.[16]

Jestin Coler

[edit]
NameDomainStatusNotesSources
Conservative Frontlineconservativefrontline.com[17]
Denver Guardiandenverguardian.com[17]
DrudgeReport.com.coDrudgeReport.com.coMimics the name of theDrudge Report.[17]
United Media Publishingunitedmediapublishing.com[17]
usatoday.com.cousatoday.com.coDefunctFalsely reports celebrity appearances and filming locations in random local towns[17]
washingtonpost.com.cowashingtonpost.com.coOriginally registered by Jestin Coler.The Washington Post submitted a complaint against Coler's registration of the site withGoDaddy under theUDRP, and in 2015, anarbitral panel ruled that Coler's registration of thedomain name was a form of bad-faithcybersquatting (specifically,typosquatting), "through a website that competes with Complainant through the use of fake news. ... The fake news content misleads readers and serves as 'click bait' to drive readers to other sites, or to share the fake news content with others on social networking websites, to generate advertising revenue."[18][17]

Paul Horner

[edit]
NameDomainStatusNotesSources
ABCnews.com.coABCnews.com.coDefunctOwned byPaul Horner. Mimics the URL, design and logo ofABC News (owned byDisney–ABC Television Group).[19]

[20]

CBSnews.com.coCBSnews.com.coDefunctMimics the URL, design and logo ofCBS News.[21]
christianfreedommovement.comchristianfreedommovement.comDefunct[21]
cnn.com.decnn.com.deDefunctImpostor site of CNN.[21]
donaldjtrump.com.codonaldjtrump.com.coDefunct[22]
isissingles.comisissingles.comDefunct[21]
iywib.comiywib.comDefunct[21]
keepdonaldtrump.comkeepdonaldtrump.comDefunct[21]
makeredhatswearableagain.commakeredhatswearableagain.comDefunct[21]
mericaland.commericaland.comDefunct[21][22]
microsoftsite.commicrosoftsite.comDefunct[21]
My Phoenix Dailymyphoenixdaily.comDefunct[22]
nationalgeographic.com.conationalgeographic.com.coDefunctSpoof ofNational Geographic.[21]
nationalreview.biznationalreview.bizDefunctSpoof ofNational Review.[21]
NBC.com.coNBC.com.coDefunctImitates NBC.[23][21]
NBCNews.com.coNBCNews.com.coDefunctMimics the URL, design and logo ofNBC News.[24]
News Examinernewsexaminer.netStarted in 2015 byPaul Horner, the lead writer of theNational Report. This website has been known to mix real news along with its fake news.[25]
paulhorner.orgpaulhorner.orgDefunct[21]
snopes.com.cosnopes.com.coDefunctImposter site ofSnopes.[21]
St George Gazettestgeorgegazette.comDefunct[21][26][27]
superofficialnews.comsuperofficialnews.comDefunct[21]
thephoenixnewtimes.comthephoenixnewtimes.com[21]
trumptized.comtrumptized.com[21]

WTOE 5 News

[edit]
NameDomainStatusNotesSources
16WMPO16WMPO.comDefunctImpostor site, per PolitiFact. Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[23][28][29]
AlexJones.xyzAlexJones.xyzDefunctPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News. As of June 2025, the domain is still active but no longer hosts a fake news site.[30]
alynews.comalynews.comDefunctPart of a network that posted a false story that there was a sequel to the movieStep Brothers in the works in 2016. Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][32][30]
channel16news.comchannel16news.comDefunctPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][30]
channel17news.comchannel17news.comDefunctLikely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][33]
Channel 18 NewsChannel18News.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact. Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[23][34][28]
clancyreport.comclancyreport.comPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][30]
Daily News 10DailyNews10.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact. Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[23][35][28]
Daily News 11dailynews11.comPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][30]
Daily News 5DailyNews5.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact. Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[23][30][28]
FoxBusiness.xyzFoxBusiness.xyzPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[30]
Headline Briefheadlinebrief.comPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][32][30]
km8news.comkm8news.comPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][30]
KMT 11 Newskmt11.comDefunctFalsely reports celebrity appearances and filming locations in random local towns. Before the website went down, it referred to itself as a "fantasy news website".[36][37]
Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.		[38][36][37][28]
knp7.comknp7.comPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][30]
kspm33.comkspm33.comPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][32][30]
KUPR7kupr7.comLikely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][39][40]
ky6news.comky6news.comPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][32][30]
KY12News.comKY12News.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact. Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[23][28]
KYPO6kypo6.comDefunctPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][30]
Local 31 NewsLocal31News.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact. Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[23][35][28]
localnews33.comlocalnews33.comPart of the same network as alynews.com[31][32]
lopezreport.comlopezreport.comPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][30]
maywoodpost.commaywoodpost.comLikely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][41]
mbynews.commbynews.comPart of the same network as alynews.com[31][32][30]
McKenzie Postmckenziepost.comPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][32][30]
NewsDaily12.comNewsDaily12.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact. Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[23][28][29]
newsdaily27.comnewsdaily27.comPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][30]
News Now 11newsnow11.comLikely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[42]
oreillypost.comoreillypost.comPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][30]
WBN 12 Newswbn12.comLikely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[35]
wcpm3.comwcpm3.comPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][30]
wleb21.comwleb21.comPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][30]
WRPT 16 Newswrpt16.comPart of the same network as WTOE 5 News.[31][30]
WTOE 5 Newswtoe5news.comDefunctOriginal source of false claim that Pope Francis had endorsed Donald Trump in 2016.[43][30]

Your News Wire

[edit]
NameDomainStatusNotesSources
Neon Nettleneonnettle.comPer FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. Stated by Snopes to be "interrelated" with NewsPunch and Your News Wire.[23][44][45]
NewspunchNewspunch.comAlternative name for YourNewsWire.[44]
The People's Voice
(formerlyNewsPunch andYour News Wire)		thepeoplesvoice.tvActiveFounded by Sean Adl-Tabatabai and Sinclair Treadway in 2014. It has published fake stories, such as "claims that the Queen had threatened to abdicate if the UK voted against Brexit." Its name was changed toNewsPunch in 2018 andThe People's Voice in 2023.[46][23][44][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]
Your News Wireyournewswire.comFormer name for The People's Voice.[46][23]

Others

[edit]
NameDomainStatusNotesSources
ABCNews1.usABCNews1.usSame owner as AJUAnews.[54]
African News Updatesafricannewupsdate.comSame owner as News Updates South Africa. Published a false story about election fraud during the2016 municipal elections in South Africa, which led to theElectoral Commission of South Africa filing a criminal complaint against the site owner.[55][56]
AJUAnewsAJUAnews.comPlagiarized content from The Last Line of Defense. Reportedly owned by individual based in Pakistan.[54]
ALNewsNetwork.pressALNewsNetwork.pressSame owner as AJUAnews.[54]
America TalksAmericatalks.comPer FactCheck.org.[44]
America's Freedom FightersAmericasfreedomfighters.comPer FactCheck.org.[44]
Banned InformationBannedInformation.comPer FactCheck.org.[44]
Dos Palos Newsdospalosnews.comSame owner as AJUAnews.[54]
FB News CycleFbnewscycle.comPer FactCheck.org. Same owner as Banned Information.[44]
HealthFacts.proHealthFacts.proSame owner as AJUAnews.[54]
Hot Global Newshotglobalnews.com[51][57]
ILoveQuilting.proILoveQuilting.proSame owner as AJUAnews.[54]
Leading Reporttheleadingreport.comA website and Twitter account that promotes misinformation and conspiracy theories about COVID-19 and United States politics.[58][59][60]
National News Bulletinnationalnewsbulletin.comSame Google Analytics ID as News Updates South Africa.[55][56]
The Intel Dropwww.theinteldrop.orgActiveCommon Russian disinformation website.[61][62][63]
The National Sunthenationalsun.comSame owners as Hot Global News.[57][64]
net-breaking.comnet-breaking.comAffiliated with Leading Report.[58]
News@Lastnewsatlast.comFake news website in South Africa, per Africa Check, an IFCN signatory. Same owner as News Updates South Africa.[55][56]
News Updates South Africanewsupdatessa.sitePer Africa Check and News24.[65][55]
Ohio Press Proohiopress.proSame owner as AJUAnews.[54]
Right Wing TribuneRightwingtribune.comPer FactCheck.org. Same owners as America's Freedom Fighters.[44]
thepedogate.comthepedogate.comPart of same network as America Talks. Spread the falsePizzagate conspiracy theory.[44]
The Vigilant Foxhttps://www.vigilantfox.com/ActiveRecurrent spreader of conspiracy theories and false information on vaccines, geoengineering, climate change and severalconservative themes.[66][67]

Philippine List

[edit]
Main article:Fake news in the Philippines § List of fake news websites

The Philippines has been called "Patient Zero" in thecurrent era of disinformation, withRodrigo Duterte's presidential campaign being regarded as theindex case, having preceded widespread global coverage of theCambridge Analytica scandal andRussian trolls.[68][69]

There is an extensive archive list of fake news websites based in the Philippines or targeting Philippine audiences which has been moved from this international list article to theFake news in the Philippines article due to its size.

Disinformation campaigns

[edit]

Corporate disinformation campaigns

[edit]
Main article:List of corporate disinformation campaigns

Examples of disinformation campaigns from companies include Eliminalia, areputation management firm that created a network of over 600 websites for its clients,[70][71] and Regency Enterprises, which created sites to promote the movieA Cure for Wellness.[72][73]

Political disinformation campaigns

[edit]
Main article:List of political disinformation website campaigns

Examples of countries with political actors that have been confirmed or suspected to be involved with fake news website networks include Brazil,[74] India,[75] Iran,[3] Italy,[76] the People's Republic of China,[77] the Philippines,[78] Russia,[79] Ukraine (Luhansk),[80] and the United States.[81]

Fraudulent fact-checking websites

[edit]
Main article:List of fact-checking websites § Fraudulent fact-checking websites

According to thePoynter Institute, there are four categories of false fact-checking websites:

  1. Sites that are satirical in nature
  2. Sites that attempt to subvert serious fact-checking sites
  3. Sites that re-appropriate the term "fact-check" for partisan political causes
  4. Sites with more violent intentions, such as genocide denial.[82]
NameDomainStatusNotesSources
AosFatos.comAosFatos.comSpoof of Brazilian fact-checking organizationAos Fatos.[83]
Business2Communitybusiness2community.comPlagiarized fact-checks from Lead Stories.[84]
The California Republicancarepublican.comRun by Devin Nunes' political campaign.[82]
Descobrindo As Verdadesdescobrindoasverdades.blogspot.comHas the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos.com.[83]
Duboka Vodadubokavoda.comPartisan false fact-checking site in Croatia, per the Poynter Institute.[82]
Fact Check Armeniafactcheckarmenia.comA website with ties to Turkish government-related organizations thatdenies the historical facts of theArmenian genocide.[85][86]
Fact-Checking Turkeyfactcheckingturkey.comOperated by PR company Bosphorus Global and counters criticism of Turkey in foreign media. It treats statements by Turkish government officials as arbiters of the truth.[85][86][87][88]
Faktiskt.euFaktiskt.euSpoof of Swedish fact-checking organization Faktiskt.[89]
India News Networkindianewsnetwork.comActiveSame owner as India Vs Disinformation.[90]
India Vs Disinformationindiavsdisinformation.comOwned by "a Canadian communications firm called Press Monitor"[91][91][90]
Jigyasa Onlinejigyasaonline.orgSame owner as India Vs Disinformation.[90]
Middle East Guardiansmeguardians.comPublished false fact-check aboutJamal Khashoggi.[92]
Notícias Brasil Onlinenoticiasbrasilonline.com.brHas the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos.com.[83]
O Detetiveodetetive.comHas the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos.com. The website owner was summoned by a regional court in Brazil for publishing a false story about the2018 attack on Jair Bolsonaro.[83][93]
OpIndiaopindia.comActiveOpIndia is an Indian website that has been rejected by theInternational Fact-Checking Network (IFCN). Fact checkers certified by the IFCN have identified 25 fake news stories published by OpIndia between January 2018 and June 2020.[94][95]
Pensa Brasilpensabrasil.comHas the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos.com.[83]
Plantão Brasilplantaobrasil.netHas the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos.com.[83]
Shayeaatshayeaat.irPartisan false fact-checking site in Iran, per the Poynter Institute.[82]
Vøxvoxnews.infoPartisan false fact-checking site in Italy, per the Poynter Institute. Not to be confused withVox, the American news site.[82]
War on Fakeswaronfakes.comDefunctA Russian website that promotesRussian propaganda anddisinformation about theRussian invasion of Ukraine. Seized by the United States federal government in 2024.[96][97][98][99]

Fraudulent virtual encyclopedias

[edit]
NameDomainStatusNotesSources
Conservapediaconservapedia.comActiveWiki-based,online encyclopedia written from a self-describedAmerican conservative andfundamentalist Christian point of view. The website was established in 2006 to counter the perceivedliberal bias of Wikipedia. Examples of Conservapedia'sideology include its accusations against and strongcriticism of former US president Barack Obama—including advocacy ofBarack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories—along with criticisms ofatheism,feminism,homosexuality, theDemocratic Party, andevolution. Conservapedia views Albert Einstein'stheory of relativity as promotingmoral relativism, claims thatabortion increases risk of breast cancer, praisesRepublican politicians, supports celebrities and artistic works it believes represent moral standards in line with Christianfamily values, and espouses fundamentalist Christian doctrines such asYoung Earth creationism.[100][101][102][103]
Metapediametapedia.orgOnlinewiki-based encyclopedia which spreadsneo-Nazi content. Metapedia has glowing descriptions ofAdolf Hitler and other Nazi figures. Metapedia calls the Holocaust agenocide only according to "politically correct history" and its content has been noted for itsfascist,far-right,white nationalist,white supremacist,anti-feminist,homophobic,Islamophobic,anti-semitic,Holocaust-denying, andneo-Nazi points of view.[104][105]

Generative AI

[edit]
Main article:Generative artificial intelligence

As of October 2025,NewsGuard has tracked at least 2,089 news/information websites automatically generated by machine learning models that span 16 languages.[106]

NameDomainStatusNotesSources
247bbcnews.com247bbcnews.comPart of the same network as BBCSportss.[107]
AlaskaCommons.comAlaskaCommons.com[108]
The Americans Dailytheamericansdaily.com[109]
BBCSportssBBCSportss.co.ukImitatesBBC Sports. Accused of plagiarism fromSports Illustrated.[110][107]
BestBudgetUSA.comBestBudgetUSA.com[111]
Biz Breaking Newsbizbreakingnews.comSummarizes theFinancial Times andFortune.[112]
BNN Breakingbnnbreaking.comRedirect[113][114]
bnngpt.comRedirect
bnn.networkRedirect
trimfeed.comRedirect
Boluno.comBoluno.com[115]
bosase.combosase.com[115]
Buckeye State Pressbuckeyestatepress.comCreated by a journalist to demonstrate the ease of building generative AI-based political news sites.[116]
cbsnews2.comcbsnews2.comPart of the same network as BBCSportss.[107]
cbsnewz.comcbsnewz.comPart of the same network as BBCSportss.[107]
Celeb Jihadcelebjihad.comActiveDescribed byThe Daily Beast as a "satirical celebrity gossip website",[117] the site has spread real and fake nude images of celebrities usingPhotoshop andgenerative AI.[117][118][119][120]
celebritiesdeaths.comcelebritiesdeaths.com[121][111]
County Local NewsCountyLocalNews.comPromotesrogue security software.[111][109][122]
Daily Business Post[112]
DailyHeadliner.comDailyHeadliner.com[123]
Daily Time Update[124]
espn24.co.ukespn24.co.ukPart of the same network as BBCSportss.[107]
Esspotsesspots.comPart of the same network as SpaceXMania.[125][126]
Famadillo.comFamadillo.com[121][111]
FilthyLucre.comFilthyLucre.com[111]
FoodingWorld.comFoodingWorld.com[108]
foxnigeria.com.ngfoxnigeria.com.ngPart of the same network as BBCSportss.[107]
Getintoknowledge.comGetintoknowledge.com[121][111]
globalvillagespace.comglobalvillagespace.com[123]
GlobeEcho.comGlobeEcho.com[127]
HistoryFact.inHistoryFact.in[111]
iBusiness Day[124]
IheartDogs.comIheartDogs.com[128]
InternationalNewsandViews.comInternationalNewsandViews.com[128]
Ireland Top Newsirelandtopnews.com[124]
L'Observatoire de l'Europeobservatoiredeleurope.comAccused of automatically plagiarizing stories fromEuronews.[129]
Lawyer Legalitylawyerlegality.com[109]
LiverPoolDigest.co.ukLiverPoolDigest.co.uk[123]
Lunumi.comLunumi.com[115]
Medical Outlinemedicaloutline.com[124]
Michigan Sports Zonemichigansportszone.com[128]
Nation World Newsnationworldnews.comAccused of plagiarism from404 Media.[130]
NBCSport.co.ukNBCSport.co.ukPart of the same network as BBCSportss.[110][107]
NBC Sportznbcsportz.comPart of the same network as BBCSportss.[110][107]
NewsGPTnewsgpt.aiActiveAccused by Annie Lab of "factual errors, misleading images, and possible plagiarism" fromReuters,CBS News, andCNN.[131][132][131]
News Live 79[112]
News Todaysagenews.sitePart of the same network as SpaceXMania.[125][133]
News You Can't Usenewsyoucantuse.comDefunct[134]
NewYorkFolk.comNewYorkFolk.com[127]
NoticiasDeEmprego.com.brNoticiasDeEmprego.com.br[108]
NotRealNews.netNotRealNews.netDefunct[135]
Roadan.comRoadan.com[123]
SpaceXManiaspacexmania.comActiveAccused by Christopher Blair, the owner of The Last Line of Defense, of plagiarizing its stories via a generative AI model.The New York Times also found that many stories from SpaceXMania were produced by generative AI. TheAustralian Associated Press found that the site team usedChatGPT for writing content. Accused by academics of deceptively labeling clickbait content as satire.[136][137][138][139][125][140][141][142][126]
Scoop EarthScoopEarth.comActive[121][111]
setolu.comsetolu.com[115]
Time.newsTime.news[108]
TnewsNetwork.comTnewsNetwork.com[111]
TopGolf.krTopGolf.kr[123]
topnews67.comtopnews67.comAccused of plagiarizing story from The Last Line of Defense, possibly via ChatGPT.[143]
TopStories.com.ngTopStories.com.ng[123]
Trend Cast Newsweb02.cuinsight.comPublishedSteve Harvey death hoax.[144][145]
TrendFool.comTrendFool.com[127]
US Newsperusnewsper.comRegistered in Lithuania, falsely claims to be a news site for the United States. Spread false claim thatJoe Biden's withdrawal from the 2024 United States presidential election was a hoax. Accused byNewsGuard of having a network ofbots to share its stories on social media.[146]
vatolu.comvatolu.com[115]
Walli.usWalli.us[123]
WaveFunction.infoWaveFunction.info[111]
WestObserver.comWestObserver.comImitatesCNN.[127]
WhatsNew2Day.comWhatsNew2Day.com[123]
World-Today-News.comWorld-Today-News.com[108]
World Nation Newsworldnationnews.comAccused of plagiarism from404 Media.[130]
Worldtimetodays.comworldtimetodays.comAccused of plagiarizing stories fromDistractify andHeavy.com.[147]

Hate groups

[edit]
Main article:List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups

The following table lists websites that have been both considered by fact-checkers, journalists or researchers as distributing false news and are run by organizations that have been designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups.

NameDomainStatusNotesSources
American Free Pressamericanfreepress.net[148][149]
banned.videobanned.videoSister site of InfoWars. Warned by the USFood and Drug Administration for spreading misinformation on COVID-19 for "claims on videos posted on your websites that establish the intended use of your products and misleadingly represent them as safe and/or effective for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19."[150][151][152]
Bare Naked Islambarenakedislam.com[153][154]
BrighteonBrighteon.comSister site of Natural News.[155]
The Daily StormerDailyStormer.comPer PolitiFact.[23][156]
European Union Timeseutimes.netRegistered by the wife of a member ofNational Alliance andVolksfront, the former being designated as a hate group by theSPLC. Spread conspiracy theories about Barack Obama and false stories about Hillary Clinton. Republishes stories from WhatDoesItMean.com. SpreadCOVID-19 misinformation. Spread false claims about agricultural policy, and then added a footnote labeling their original claim as satire when contacted by fact-checkers.[157][148][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168]
Geller ReportGellerreport.comRegistered through Pamela Geller's organization, the American Freedom Defense Initiative.[44][154]
HoggWatchhoggwatch.comSetup by Natural News founders to publish attacks againstParkland high school shooting survivors.[169][170]
InfoWarsinfowars.comManaged byAlex Jones. Has claimed that millions of people have voted illegally in the 2016 presidential election, that theSandy Hook Elementary School shooting was a hoax, that theBoston Marathon bombing was a false flag attack, and that the Democratic Partywas hosting a child sex slave ring out of a pizza restaurant.[171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181]
National Filenationalfile.comSister site ofInfoWars. It has promotedmisinformation about COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccines.
Leaked texts from Alex Jones's phone indicated that he startedNational File to promoteInfoWars content while obscuring its origin to evade anInfoWars ban onFacebook.		[188][189][190]
Natural Newsnaturalnews.comFormerly NewsTarget, a website for the sale of variousdietary supplements, promotion ofalternative medicine, controversial nutrition and health claims, and variousconspiracy theories, such as "chemtrails",chemophobic claims (including the purported dangers offluoride in drinking water,anti-perspirants,laundry detergent,monosodium glutamate,aspartame), andpurported health problems caused by allegedly "toxic" ingredients in vaccines, including thenow-discredited link to autism.[191][192][193][194][180][181]
NewsTargetnewstarget.comSister site of Natural News.[155]
Next News Networknextnewsnetwork.comCombined content from mainstream sites such as the Associated Press with content from sites such asRT andSputnik.[195][196][197][198]
PrisonPlanetprisonplanet.comSister site of InfoWars.[199]
Red IceRedIce.tv[200][201]
Return of Kingsreturnofkings.com[149][202][203]
TruNewstrunews.com[161][204][181]
WorldNetDailywnd.comA far-right website known for promoting falsehoods and conspiracy theories, including the false claim thatBarack Obamawas not born in the United States.[161][205][206][180][207][181]

Pseudoscience and junk science

[edit]

The following is a list of websites that have been characterized by journalists and researchers as promotingpseudoscience orjunk science.

NameDomainStatusNotesSources
ancient-code.comancient-code.com[149]
CienciaySaludNatural.comcienciaysaludnatural.comActiveRegularly spreads disinformation online in Spanish about vaccines, COVID-19, disease outbreaks, gene therapy, quackery or counterfeit medications, among others.[208][209][210][211][212]
Children's Health Defensechildrenshealthdefense.orgActiveAccused by NBC of "[misinterpreting] research to stoke fears that vaccines might be dangerous for children and pregnant women".[213] Filed a lawsuit in 2020 against Facebook, PolitiFact, Science Feedback, and the Poynter Institute over advertisements and fact-checked claims. Produced ananti-vaccine film that was marketed towards Black Americans. One of its participants, a medical history professor, felt that she had been "used" as part of "an advocacy piece for anti-vaxxers."[214] Cited by the Center for Countering Digital Hate as one of the "Disinformation Dozen" for frequently sharing anti-vaccine misinformation on social media.[215] Banned by Facebook and Instagram in 2022 for repeatedly spreading medical misinformation.[213][216][217][218][219][214][215][220]
Collective Evolutioncollective-evolution.comActiveSpread misinformation about vaccines and COVID-19, and shared conspiracy theories about Mark Zuckerberg and airport body scanners.[221][149][222][161][223]
collectivelyconscious.netcollectivelyconscious.net[149]
dineal.comdineal.com[161][224][149][225][160]
Discovery DSaluddsalud.comActiveSpreads false information in Spanish about the climate, vaccines, pandemics or human health.[226][227][228]
EWAO (Earth. We Are One)ewao.comPublished false claim that images of a mountain formation in Antarctica is evidence of an ancient civilization.[149][229]
Feature Remediesfeatureremedies.comFalsely claimed that ginger is a more effective cancer treatment than chemotherapy.[213][230][231]
Food Babefoodbabe.comActivePromoted anti-vaccine misinformation. Criticized for promotingchemophobia and "misinformation and fear-mongering about food ingredients."[232]NPR notes that a revenue stream is based onaffiliate marketing partnerships with organic and non-GMO food brands. Alleged collusion betweenMonsanto and theFood and Drug Administration over cancelling a program to monitorglyphosate in food, whichSnopes has deemed as false.[149][233][232][234]
Galactic Connectiongalacticconnection.comPublished an article claiming the existence of aliens was disclosed by Russia after a joke made by then-Prime MinisterDmitry Medvedev.[149][235]
Geoengineering Watchgeoengineeringwatch.orgActivePublished video claiming the existence ofsolar geoengineering andchemtrails, whichClimate Feedback deemed as incorrect. The site owner filed a lawsuit against one of the scientist reviewers, claiming that the fact-check limited the video's reach on social media. The lawsuit was dismissed, with plans to appeal as of September 2022.[149][236][237][238]
Goopgoop.comActiveAccused in 2020 byTruth in Advertising of violating a court settlement to stop spreading false medical claims about Goop products. Criticized bySimon Stevens, the then-Chief Executive of NHS England, for promoting products and procedures that he described as monetarily wasteful or "carrying considerable risks to health".[239] Sells many of the samewellness products asInfowars.[240][239][241]
GreenMedInfogreenmedinfo.comActiveFounded bySayer Ji, who has been cited by theCenter for Countering Digital Hate as one of the "Disinformation Dozen" for frequently sharing anti-vaccine misinformation on social media.[215] Removed from Pinterest in 2019, whichSnopes concluded was likely due to the site's promotion of health misinformation. Spread false claims about COVID-19 vaccines. Includes a search engine that McGill University describes as "biased toward scientific papers that claim natural food and alternative medicine can prevent and heal diseases."[242] Claims without evidence that marijuana is a cure for cancer.[243][244][242][245][246][247][248][215]
Healthy Holistic Livinghealthyholisticliving.comFalsely claimed that ginger is a more effective cancer treatment than chemotherapy, that manuka honey is more effective than antibiotics, and that repeatedly boiling water is harmful. Cites peer-reviewed research to draw conclusions not supported by the works in question, such as citing four studies to claim that magnesium is an effective treatment for ADHD.[213][230][246][249][250]
healthy-holistic-living.com
Health Impact Newshealthimpactnews.comFalsely linked deaths to flu vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines, and spread unproven cures for COVID-19.[221][251][149][252][253][254][255]
Health Nut Newshealthnutnews.comFounded byErin Elizabeth, who was cited by theCenter for Countering Digital Hate as one of the "Disinformation Dozen" for frequently sharing anti-vaccine misinformation on social media.[215] Removed from Pinterest in 2019, whichSnopes concluded was likely due to the site's promotion of health misinformation. Spread conspiracy theories falsely alleging that the deaths of doctors or alternative health practitioners were connected.[215][256][161][257][149][258][259][260][261][262][243]
In5Din5d.com[149]
The Institute for Creation Researchicr.org[149]
Institute for Responsible Technologyresponsibletechnology.orgFounded byJeffrey M. Smith.[149][263]
Medical Kidnapmedicalkidnap.comSpread false or unproven claims about cases involvingChild protective services. Falsely framed COVID-19 vaccines as "experimental".[255] Part of the same network as Vaccine Impact and Health Impact News.[161][264][265][255]
Mercola.commercola.comFounded byJoseph Mercola, who was cited by theCenter for Countering Digital Hate as one of the "Disinformation Dozen" for frequently sharing anti-vaccine misinformation on social media.[215] Removed from Pinterest in 2019, whichSnopes concluded was likely due to the site's promotion of health misinformation.[215][243][266]
Natural Blazenaturalblaze.com[149]
Principia Scientific Internationalprincipia-scientific.comRepeatedly published climate change denial and false claims about COVID-19.[267][268][269][270][271]
principia-scientific.org
RealFarmacyrealfarmacy.comNoted by the Wall Street Journal to promote homeopathy. Spread false claims about COVID-19 origins and unproven treatments. Spread anti-vaccine misinformation and has been noted byNewsGuard to have "promoted ineffective and potentially dangerous cancer treatments."[272][149][273][274][275][276][277][272][278]
Riposte laiqueripostelaique.comSpread false claim that the French government approved euthanasia during the COVID-19 pandemic.[221][279][280]
Science Vibesciencevibe.comReposted satirical story fromWorld News Daily Report and framed it as genuine news. Reposted hoax on assassination of Marilyn Monroe.[281][282][283]
Stop Mandatory Vaccinationstopmandatoryvaccination.comThe founder has been described by NBC News as "a man without medical training who has made a name as a leader of the online anti-vaccination movement."[284]

Censured by the Advertising Standards Authority in 2018 for distributing a Facebook ad targeted towards parents with misleading claims about vaccines.Accused by the Guardian of "[using] Facebook’s advertising tools to target their propaganda exclusively at women."[285]Publishes "accounts from parents who claim that a baby's death was the result of a vaccination. Many of those viral articles have been debunked with official, medically supported explanations that include sudden infant death syndrome, pneumonia and accidental asphyxiation."[213]Misinformation from the group has resulted in at least one death: a child whose mother was urged by other group members not to give her son Tamiflu after he had a bout of the flu.Accounts associated with the site and its founder have been suspended from Facebook and Twitter in 2020 for promotingQAnon conspiracy theories. The founder's YouTube channel was demonetized in 2019 due to "[promoting] anti-vaccination content".[286] Ads to the site were also removed by Facebook in 2019 for violating Facebook's policies on misinformation about vaccines. The founder's Twitter account was reinstated in 2023.

[213][287][284][285][288][289][290][286]
Technocracy Newstechnocracy.newsSpread misinformation about face masks with respect to COVID-19 as well as COVID-19 vaccinations. Falsely claimed that carbon dioxide is not a greenhouse gas. The site owner edits a health newsletter forNewsmax.[221][291][292][293][294]
The Truth About Cancerthetruthaboutcancer.comAccording to NewsGuard, "repeatedly promotes ineffective, unproven, and dangerous treatments for cancer".[295][149][295]
TruthKingstruthkings.comPosted false allegations of fraud in the2008 US presidential election. Spread false information about vaccines. Reportedly owned bySherri Tenpenny.[160][225][161][296][297][298][299]
Vaccine Impactvaccineimpact.comPart of the same network as Medical Kidnap and Health Impact News.[255][266]
The Waking Timeswakingtimes.comAccused by theGlobal Disinformation Index of spreading disinformation on COVID-19 public policies.[225][149][300]

Climate change denial

[edit]
Main article:Climate change denial
NameDomainStatusNotesSources
Asociación de Realistas Climáticosrealistasclimaticos.orgActiveSpanish organization that denies the human role inglobal warming, although their founders Saúl Blanco Lanza and Javier Vinós are not even climatologists. Javier del Valle Melendo, another of its members, has been heavily criticised for his flawed reasoning in his publications.[301][302][303]
Chicks On The Rightchicksonright.comSpread false claim about an upcoming "mini ice age".[304][225][305][304][160][161]
chicksontheright.com
Climate Intelligence Foundation (CLINTEL)clintel.org[306][307]
NoTricksZonenotrickszone.com[306][307]
Klimaat Feitenklimaatfeiten.nl[306][307]
Climate Gateclimategate.nl[306][307]
Energy Talking Pointsenergytalkingpoints.com[306][307]
Clima et Veritéclimatetverite.net[306][307]
Climato-Réalistesclimato-realistes.fr[306][307]
Global Warming Scareglobalwarmingscare.wordpress.com[307]
Climate Fraudklima-schwindel.com[307]
Climate Skepticalclimat-sceptique.over-blog.com[307]
Climate Depotclimatedepot.com[307]
Climate Exit (CLEXIT)clexit.net[307]
Climate Resistanceclimate-resistance.org[307]
CO2 Coalitionco2coalition.org[307]
The Daily Scepticdailysceptic.orgPublishes anti-vaccine and climate change denial misinformation.[308][306]
The Daily Wiredailywire.comPublished multiple false claims that were debunked bySnopes. Per the Daily Beast,Mike Adams would repeatedly post to the site "to attack and mock... students, staff, and faculty" atUniversity of North Carolina Wilmington.[309] Identified by theCenter for Countering Digital Hate as a major distributor of climate change denialism. In 2022, theGlobal Disinformation Index described the Daily Wire as having a high risk of disinformation due to "bias", "sensational language" and "a high degree of sensational visuals".[310] AlongsideKen Paxton andThe Federalist, filed a lawsuit in 2023 against theUnited States Department of State, partially as a result of this assessment by the GDI, alleging censorship of right-wing media and revenue loss.[160][311][310][312][225][161][313][314][315][316][309]
De Groene Rekenkamergroene-rekenkamer.nl[307]
Destaatvanhet Klimaatdestaatvanhet-klimaat.nl[307]
Ecologia, Clima, Aquecimentoecologia-clima-aquecimento.blogspot.com[307]
Climate Curiousshortfall.blog[307]
Climate Etc.judithcurry.com[307]
Environmental Progressenvironmentalprogress.org[307]
European Climate Realist Networkecr.network[307]
Everything Climateeverythingclimate.com[307]
Klimaat Gekklimaatgek.nl[307]
Klima Realismeklimarealisme.dk[307]
Klima Realisteneklimarealistene.com[307]
Klimat Sansklimatsans.com[307]
Klimat Upplysningenklimatupplysningen.se[307]
Koklimaatkoklimaat.nl[307]
Libertad Digitallibertaddigital.comAccused byGraphika of spreading climate misinformation.[317]
La Question Climatiquelaquestionclimatique.org[307]
Science, Climat et Énergiescience-climat-energie.be[307]
Science Under Attackscienceunderattack.comActiveWebsite of Ralph B. Alexander, author ofScience Under Attack: The Age of Unreason andGlobal Warming False Alarm who holds a PhD in physics, but is no climatologist. Topics like GMOs, climate change or vaccinations are commonly discussed and falsified in the blog.[318][319]
Sky Fallskyfall.fr[307]
Weather Actionweatheraction.com[307]
A Grande Farsa do Aquecimento Globalagfdag.wordpress.com[307]

Satire

[edit]
Main article:List of satirical fake news websites

Numerous websites have been created by companies or individuals that contain satirical or news parody content that is intended to be or has been designated by fact-checkers, journalists or researchers as fake news.

Troll farms

[edit]
Main article:List of fake news troll farms
See also:Troll farm

Examples of countries with troll farms that have been confirmed or suspected to be involved with fake news website networks include Cambodia,[320] Ghana,[321] North Macedonia,[322] the Republic of Georgia,[323] and Russia.[324]

User-generated fake news

[edit]

The following table lists websites that have allowed users to generate their own hoaxes that appear in the form of news articles. While the stated purpose is for users to prank their friends, many of the resulting false stories have spread on social media and have led to harassment.[325]

NameDomainStatusNotesSources
12minutos.com12minutos.comSame owner as React 365.[51][326]
24aktuelles.com24aktuelles.comSame owner as React 365.[51][326]
24hnoticias.com24hnoticias.comPart of the same network as React 365.[326]
actualite.coactualite.coSame owner as React 365.[51][326]
actualites.coactualites.coPart of the same network as React 365.[326][161]
actualitesdujour.fractualitesdujour.frPart of the same network as React 365.[326]
theasociatedpress.comtheasociatedpress.comSame owner as The Fake News Generator.[327][328]
thebreakingnews.cothebreakingnews.coSame owner as React 365.[51]
BreakingNews247.netBreakingNews247.netImpostor site, per PolitiFact. Same owner as React 365.[23][51]
BreakingNews365.netBreakingNews365.netImpostor site, per PolitiFact. Same owner as React 365.[23][51][326]
cbs-news.uscbs-news.usSame owner as The Fake News Generator.[329]
cbsnews.uscbsnews.usSame owner as The Fake News Generator.[329]
channel22news.comchannel22news.comSame owner as Channel 23 News.[51][325]
Channel 23 NewsChannel23News.comPrank website for generating false stories.[46]
Channel24news.comChannel24news.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact. Same owner as Channel 23 News.[23][51][325]
channel28news.comchannel28news.comSame owner as Channel 23 News.[51][325]
channel33news.comchannel33news.comSame owner as Channel 23 News.[51][325]
channel34news.comchannel34news.comSame owner as Channel 23 News.[51][325]
channel40news.comchannel40news.comSame owner as Channel 23 News.[51][325]
channel45news.comchannel45news.comSame owner as Channel 23 News.[51][325]
channel46news.comchannel46news.comSame owner as Channel 23 News.[51][325]
channel55news.comchannel55news.comSame owner as Channel 23 News.[51][325]
channel56news.comchannel56news.comSame owner as Channel 23 News.[51][325]
channel59news.comchannel59news.comSame owner as Channel 23 News.[51][325]
channel60news.comchannel60news.comSame owner as Channel 23 News.[51][325]
channel62news.comchannel62news.comSame owner as Channel 23 News.[51][325]
channel63news.comchannel63news.comSame owner as Channel 23 News.[51][325]
channel65news.comchannel65news.comSame owner as Channel 23 News.[51][325]
channel66news.comchannel66news.comSame owner as Channel 23 News.[51][325]
channel68news.comchannel68news.comSame owner as Channel 23 News.[51][325]
channel77news.comchannel77news.comSame owner as Channel 23 News.[51][325]
Clone Zoneclonezone.linkImpersonated The New York Times to spread the false story thatElizabeth Warren had endorsedBernie Sanders in 2016.[330][331][332][333][334][335][336]
cnoticias.netcnoticias.netSame owner as React 365.[51][326]
en-bref.fren-bref.frSame owner as React 365.[51][326]
fakeawish.comfakeawish.com[337]
The Fake News Generatorthefakenewsgenerator.com[329]
fakeSharefakeshare.com[338][339]
FeedNewzfeednewz.comRenamed to prank.link.[340]
flashinfo.orgflashinfo.orgPart of the same network as React 365.[326][161]
Journificjournific.comOften used to spread false claims of businesses about to close.[341]
nachrichten.de.comnachrichten.de.comSame owner as React 365.[51][326]
nachrichten247.denachrichten247.dePart of the same network as React 365.[326]
nachrichten365.comnachrichten365.comSame owner as React 365.[51][326]
net-infosnews.comnet-infosnews.comSame owner as React 365.[51][326]
thenewyorktimes.companythenewyorktimes.companySame owner as The Fake News Generator.[327][328]
Nipsy's Newsnipsysnews.com[342]
noticias-frescas.comnoticias-frescas.comSame owner as React 365.[51][326]
noticias365.infonoticias365.info[161][343]
notizzia.comnotizzia.comSame owner as React 365.[51][326]
nsfnews.comnsfnews.comPart of the same network as React 365.[326]
prank.linkprank.link[340][338]
prankyourfriends.comprankyourfriends.comPart of the same network as React 365.[326]
PunkSharePunkShare.com[344]
react2424.comreact2424.comPart of the same network as React 365.[326]
React 365React365.comThis user-created fake news generator, supposedly for "pranking your friends", had at least two stories that went viral.[25][51][326]
routers.newsrouters.newsSame owner as PunkShare. Spoof of Reuters.[345]
SHRTURLshrturl.co[346]
toutelinfo.frtoutelinfo.frSame owner as React 365.[51][326]
trend-news.comtrend-news.comPart of the same network as React 365.[326]
yam.fryam.frPart of the same network as React 365.[326]
youreact247.comyoureact247.comPart of the same network as React 365.[326]

Other networks

[edit]

Many fake news websites can be assessed as likely being part of the same network campaign if some combination of the following are true:

Action News 3

[edit]
NameDomainStatusNotesSources
Action News 3actionnews3.comSpread death hoaxes about various public figures.[25][351][352]
Breaking13News.comBreaking13News.com[351][352]
Daily Buzz LiveDailyBuzzLive.comPer PolitiFact. Republished a hoax about worldwide blackout, a false claim that had been spreading since 2012. Hosted on the same webserver as Action News 3.[23][353][354][352]
dailyviralbuzz.comdailyviralbuzz.com[352]
News4KTLA.comNews4KTLA.comImpostor site, per PolitiFact. Has the same IP address as Action News 3. Repurposed an Associated Press article with a false headline. Cited story from World News Daily Report.[23][355][356][357][358][351][352]
News4Local.comNews4Local.com[351][352]
Now 8 NewsNow8News.comStarted in 2015, this fake news website is also designed to look like a local television outlet. Several of the website's fake stories have successfully spread on social media. Has the same IP address as Action News 3.[25][359][360][355][351][352]
TheRacketReport.comTheRacketReport.comPer PolitiFact. Has the same IP address as Action News 3. Repurposed an Associated Press article with a false headline.[23][355][356][352]
realstonedtimes.comrealstonedtimes.com[352]
Straight Stonedstraightstoned.comHosted on the same webserver as Action News 3.[51][361][352]

Batty Post

[edit]
NameDomainStatusNotesSources
abc14news.comabc14news.comSpoof of ABC News.[362][363]
abcnews-us.comabcnews-us.comSpoof of ABC News.[25][51]
abcnews5.comabcnews5.comSpoof of ABC News.[364]
AlabamaObserver.comAlabamaObserver.com[23][347]
albertatimes.comalbertatimes.com[347]
Batty Postbattypost.comPublished a false claim about being acquired by East Asia Tribune, a page that has the same Google AdSense ID.[347][51][365][366]
Border Heraldborderherald.com[347]
Boston Leaderbostonleader.comPossibly part of same network asAssociated Media Coverage, another fake news site.[23][25][367][347]
boston-post.comboston-post.comNot to be confused with theBoston Post.

Part of the same network as abcnews-us.com.

[362][364]
cairnstimes.comcairnstimes.com[347]
cbs15.comcbs15.comSpoof of CBS News. Possibly part of same network as abc14news.com.[368][369]
cbsnews10.comcbsnews10.comSpoof of CBS News. Part of same network as abc14news.com.[362][363]
cbsnews15.comcbsnews15.comSpoof of CBS News.[364]
cbsnews24.comcbsnews24.comSpoof of CBS News.[364]
cgcnews.comcgcnews.comPart of the same network as nbc9news.com.[369][368]
cnn-globalnews.comcnn-globalnews.comImpostor site of CNN. Published death hoax on Clint Eastwood.[370][347][51]
cnn-internationaledition.comcnn-internationaledition.comImpostor site of CNN.[347][51]
coindesk-us.comcoindesk-us.comSpoof ofCoinDesk.[364]
countyweekly.comcountyweekly.com[51]
dallastimes.usdallastimes.us[51]
DenverInquirer.comDenverInquirer.com[23][347]
dublintribune.comdublintribune.com[51]
East Asia Tribuneeastasiatribune.comPublished death hoax about Kim Jong-un.[371]
Florida Sun Postfloridasunpost.comPossibly part of same network asAssociated Media Coverage, another fake news site.[367][23][347]
focustimes.orgfocustimes.org[347]
foreignjournal.comforeignjournal.com[347]
fox-26houston.comfox-26houston.com[364]
fox-32chicago.comfox-32chicago.com[364]
foxnews-us.comfoxnews-us.comPart of the same network as abcnews-us.com.[362][364]
foxnews15.comfoxnews15.com[364]
freeinquirer.comfreeinquirer.com[51]
The Jackson Telegraphjacksontelegraph.com[370][347][51]
longarticles.comlongarticles.com[347]
MississippiHerald.comMississippiHerald.com[23][347][51]
nbc9news.comnbc9news.comSpoof of NBC. Part of same network as abc14news.com.[362][363][368][369]
nbcnews11.comnbcnews11.com[364]
nbcnews15.comnbcnews15.com[364]
nbcnews6.comnbcnews6.com[364]
newjournal.usnewjournal.us[51]
thenyherald.comthenyherald.comPart of the same network as nbc9news.com.[369]
pressunion.orgpressunion.org[347]
si-nba.comsi-nba.com[364]
sundayregister.comsundayregister.com[347]
The Sunday Inquirersundayinquirer.com[370][347]
The Sunday Postsundaypost.org[347]
surreytelegraph.comsurreytelegraph.com[51]
sydneybulletin.comsydneybulletin.com[51]
Telegraph Suntelegraphsun.com[347]
timesofcambodia.comtimesofcambodia.com[51]
tmz-us.comtmz-us.comSpoof ofTMZ. Part of the same network as nbc9news.com.[369]
tvtnews.comtvtnews.comPart of the same network as nbc9news.com.[369][368]
unitednews.orgunitednews.org[347]
us-nbcnews.comus-nbcnews.comSpoof of NBC News. Part of the same network as nbc9news.com.[369]
usatoday-go.comusatoday-go.comHas the same IP address as cbsnews10.com.[362][372]
Vancouver Inquirervancouverinquirer.com[347][51]
vice-en-us.comvice-en-us.comPart of the same network as abcnews-us.com.[362][364]
weekendherald.comweekendherald.com[347]
yahoonews-us.comyahoonews-us.comPart of the same network as abcnews-us.com.[362][364]

Celebtricity

[edit]
NameDomainStatusNotesSources
20minutenews.com20minutenews.com[51][348]
alertchild.comalertchild.com[51][348]
areyousleep.comareyousleep.com[51][348]
badcriminals.combadcriminals.com[51][348]
cartelreport.comcartelreport.com[51][348]
Celebtricitycelebtricity.comHas falsely claimed thatBarack Obama declared astate of emergency inChicago, Illinois after more than 300 people were shot in one night; that aWendy's employee putvaginal discharge on a burger as revenge against a partner; and thatBryshere Y. Gray wasJay-Z's son. Contains a "notorious fauxtire and satire entertainment" disclaimer which used to read "the most notorious urban satirical entertainment website in the world".[373][374][373][375]
channel5000.comchannel5000.com[51][348]
drugsofficial.comdrugsofficial.com[51][348]
everydaybreakingnews.comeverydaybreakingnews.com[51][348]
FedsAlert.comFedsAlert.com[23][51][348]
folksvideo.comfolksvideo.com[51][348]
thefrt.comthefrt.com[51][348]
jokerviral.comjokerviral.com[51][348]
mrnewswatch.commrnewswatch.com[51][348]
Persecutes.comPersecutes.com[23][51][348]
qualitysharing.comqualitysharing.com[51][348]
scaryhours.comscaryhours.com[51][348]
smhwtfnews.comsmhwtfnews.com[51][348]
tmzbreaking.comtmzbreaking.com[51][348]
tmzbusiness.comtmzbusiness.com[348]
tmzcomedy.comtmzcomedy.com[51][348]
tmzhiphop.comtmzhiphop.com[51][348]
tmzurban.comtmzurban.com[348]
tmzuncut.comtmzuncut.com[51][348]
TMZWorldNews.comTMZWorldNews.com[23][51][348]
tmzworldstar.comtmzworldstar.com[51][348]
tmzworldstarnews.comtmzworldstarnews.com[51][348]
ViralActions.comViralActions.comCited story from World News Daily Report.[23][51][348][358]
viralcocaine.comviralcocaine.com[348]
viraldevil.comviraldevil.com[51][348]
viralmugshot.comviralmugshot.com[51][348]
viralpropaganda.comviralpropaganda.com[51][348]
viralspeech.comviralspeech.com[51][348]
viralstuppid.comviralstuppid.com[51][348][376][161]

PoliticsFocus

[edit]

Used a technique called "domain hopping" - repeatedly switching domain names to stay ahead of advertising blacklists on social media.[377][378]

NameDomainStatusNotesSources
PoliticsFocusanypolitical.com[377]
PoliticsFocuscloudpolitical.com[377][379]
PoliticsFocusgoldpolitics.com[379]
PoliticsFocusflexpolitics.com[379]
PoliticsFocusjetpolitics.com[377][379]
PoliticsFocusmaxrepublican.com[377][379]
PoliticsFocuspoliticsbee.com[377]
PoliticsFocuspoliticsedge.com[379]
PoliticsFocuspoliticsfast.com[379]
PoliticsFocusPoliticsfocus.comPer FactCheck.org.[44][377][379][380]
PoliticsFocuspoliticsmate.com[377][379]
PoliticsFocuspoliticstec.com[377][379]
PoliticsFocuspoliticsvision.com[377][379]
PoliticsFocussunrepublican.com[377]
PoliticsFocustotalpolitical.com[379]

Miscellaneous

[edit]

The following article lists miscellaneous sites that are one-offs or otherwise lack information that would place them into one of the other categories above.

Main article:List of miscellaneous fake news websites

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Watch out for this fake news website masquerading asThe New York Times".businessinsider.com.Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved12 December 2016.
  2. ^"Would you believe the pope endorsed Trump? Five tips for spotting fake news".NBC News. 22 November 2016.Archived from the original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved16 September 2024.
  3. ^abcdLim, Gabrielle; Maynier, Etienne; Scott-Railton, John; Fittarelli, Alberto; Moran, Ned; Deibert, Ron (2019-05-14).Burned After Reading: Endless Mayfly's Ephemeral Disinformation Campaign (Report). University of Toronto.
  4. ^Weisburd, Andrew; Watts, Clint (6 August 2016),"How Russia Dominates Your Twitter Feed to Promote Lies (And, Trump, Too)",The Daily Beast,archived from the original on 31 May 2017, retrieved24 November 2016
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  266. ^abGuess, Andrew M.; Nyhan, Brendan; O’Keeffe, Zachary; Reifler, Jason (November 2020)."The sources and correlates of exposure to vaccine-related (mis)information online".Vaccine.38 (49):7799–7805.doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.018.hdl:10871/123840.ISSN 0264-410X.PMC 7578671.PMID 33164802. Archived fromthe original on 2022-07-08.
  267. ^"The Left's Myths About Project 2025".NewsGuard. 2024-07-29. Archived fromthe original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved2024-08-02.
  268. ^Ngo, Madeleine (2021-01-30)."Fact check: WHO recommends mask-wearing to prevent COVID-19 spread".USA Today. Archived fromthe original on 2021-12-03. Retrieved2024-08-02.
  269. ^"Fact Check: Merck Did NOT Say It Is 'Better' to Get COVID And Recover Than Take Its Vaccines".Lead Stories. 2021-01-27. Archived fromthe original on 2024-04-14. Retrieved2024-08-02.
  270. ^"Principia Scientific International".DeSmog. Archived fromthe original on 2024-06-13. Retrieved2024-08-02.
  271. ^Johnson, Scott (1 January 2020)."Article falsely attributes invented quotes to James Hansen".Science Feedback. Climate Feedback. Archived fromthe original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved16 September 2024.
  272. ^ab"realfarmacy.com"(PDF).NewsGuard. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2020-04-14. Retrieved2024-05-15.
  273. ^LaCapria, Kim (2016-03-24)."The FDA Classified Walnuts as Drugs?".Snopes. Archived fromthe original on 2023-06-08. Retrieved2024-05-15.
  274. ^Gallagher, Kelsey."LibGuides: Fake News: What Is Fake News?".Union College. Archived fromthe original on 2023-09-23. Retrieved2024-05-15.
  275. ^"Ask the Expert: Six tips for fighting fake news".Indiana University. Archived fromthe original on 2023-12-18. Retrieved2024-05-15.
  276. ^"Coronavirus: Far-right spreads Covid-19 'infodemic' on Facebook".BBC News. 2020-05-04. Archived fromthe original on 2024-03-01. Retrieved2024-05-15.
  277. ^"How dangerous fake health news conquered Facebook".The Independent. 2017-01-09. Archived fromthe original on 2024-03-10. Retrieved2024-05-15.
  278. ^Alpert, Lukas I. (2020-04-20)."Coronavirus Misinformation Spreads on Facebook, Watchdog Says".The Wall Street Journal. Archived fromthe original on 2020-04-21. Retrieved2024-05-15.
  279. ^"Quels sont les sites qui ont publié le plus d'intox sur le coronavirus ?".20 Minutes (in French). 2020-12-21. Archived fromthe original on 2023-03-08. Retrieved2024-05-15.
  280. ^"The COVID-19 "Infodemic" - A Preliminary Analysis of the Online Conversation Surrounding the Coronavirus Pandemic"(PDF).Graphika. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2023-12-26. Retrieved2024-05-15.
  281. ^Evon, Dan (2019-08-02)."Was a 5-Meter-Tall Human Skeleton Unearthed in Australia?".Snopes. Archived fromthe original on 2023-10-03. Retrieved2024-05-15.
  282. ^Soellner, Mica (2018-04-12)."No, Marilyn Monroe was not assassinated by a CIA agent".Politifact. Archived fromthe original on 2023-06-02. Retrieved2024-05-15.
  283. ^Ronzani, Piero; Panizza, Folco; Morisseau, Tiffany; Mattavelli, Simone; Martini, Carlo (2024-01-25)."How different incentives reduce scientific misinformation online".Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review.doi:10.37016/mr-2020-131.hdl:10281/539501. Archived fromthe original on 2024-03-16.
  284. ^ab"How anti-vaxxers target grieving moms and turn them into crusaders against vaccines".NBC News. 2019-09-24. Archived fromthe original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved16 September 2024.
  285. ^abWong, Julia Carrie (2019-02-01)."How Facebook and YouTube help spread anti-vaxxer propaganda".The Guardian.ISSN 0261-3077. Archived fromthe original on 2024-04-20. Retrieved2024-05-13.
  286. ^abO'Donovan, Caroline (2019-02-22)."YouTube Just Demonetized Anti-Vax Channels".BuzzFeed News. Archived fromthe original on 2023-05-26. Retrieved2024-05-13.
  287. ^"On Facebook, anti-vaxxers urged a mom not to give her son Tamiflu. He later died".NBC News. 2020-02-07. Archived fromthe original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved16 September 2024.
  288. ^Muldowney, Decca (2023-06-12)."Banned Anti-Vax 'Menace' Is Back and Selling 'Vaccine Cures'".The Daily Beast. Archived fromthe original on 2023-06-21. Retrieved2024-05-13.
  289. ^Arciga, Julia (2019-03-12)."Anti-Vax Ad King Larry Cook Dethroned After Facebook Removes His Posts".The Daily Beast. Archived fromthe original on 2024-02-11. Retrieved2024-05-13.
  290. ^Teoh, Flora (13 December 2019)."Popular Facebook meme misleadingly suggests that the measles vaccine caused 2019 Samoa measles outbreak".Science Feedback. Health Feedback. Archived fromthe original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved16 September 2024.
  291. ^Johnson, Scott (14 January 2020)."Simple measurements demonstrate that CO2 is a greenhouse gas contrary to claim in online blogs".Science Feedback. Climate Feedback. Archived fromthe original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved16 September 2024.
  292. ^Teoh, Flora (19 May 2020)."No evidence that using a face mask helps coronavirus enter the brain, contrary to claim by Russell Blaylock".Science Feedback. Health Feedback. Archived fromthe original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved16 September 2024.
  293. ^"Posts Distort Misleading Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Data".FactCheck.org. 2022-10-28. Archived fromthe original on 2023-12-05. Retrieved2024-05-12.
  294. ^"Ontario nurse under investigation over anti-mask, conspiracy theory Facebook posts".Global News. Archived fromthe original on 2023-11-30. Retrieved2024-05-12.
  295. ^ab"Beware of Websites With "Truth" in their Names".NewsGuard. Archived fromthe original on 2024-05-08. Retrieved2024-05-13.
  296. ^"TruthKings: Not so truthful about vaccines".ScienceBlogs. 2016-03-18. Archived fromthe original on 2023-06-03. Retrieved2024-05-14.
  297. ^"The claim that Gardasil causes premature ovarian failure: Ideology, not science".Science-Based Medicine. 2016-03-07. Archived fromthe original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved2024-05-14.
  298. ^LaCapria, Kim (2016-01-20)."FALSE: Pediatricians' Association Admits HPV Vaccine-Cancer Link".Snopes. Archived fromthe original on 2023-10-03. Retrieved2024-05-14.
  299. ^Yuhas, Alan (2016-10-30)."Facebook fact-check: all the fake news, from the Obamas to miracle cannabis".The Guardian.ISSN 0261-3077. Archived fromthe original on 2023-06-14. Retrieved2024-05-14.
  300. ^"Global Disinformation Index - Brand sponsors of AdWeek Europe 2021"(PDF).Global Disinformation Index. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2024-03-29. Retrieved2024-05-14.
  301. ^Robaina, Eduardo (2023-04-26)."La Universidad pública de Zaragoza acoge la presentación de un libro negacionista".Climática, el medio especializado en clima y biodiversidad (in Spanish). Retrieved2025-05-12.
  302. ^Jordá, Carmelo (2024-11-30).""Lo que dicen los datos es que el cambio climático está salvando vidas"".Libertad Digital (in European Spanish). Retrieved2025-03-21.
  303. ^Debate, El (2024-11-24)."Nace una asociación que quiere alejarse de los alarmismos climáticos: «Las riadas de la DANA no son nuevas»".El Debate (in Spanish). Retrieved2025-05-12.
  304. ^abVincent, Emmanuel (21 November 2018)."False claims of a coming ice age spread through ecosystem of unreliable news sites, blogs, and social media accounts".Science Feedback. Climate Feedback. Archived fromthe original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved16 September 2024.
  305. ^"Fact Check: Kamala Harris Said She Believed Women Who Said They Felt 'Uncomfortable' By Biden Touching -- NOT 'Rape Accusers'".Lead Stories. 2020-08-12. Archived fromthe original on 2023-12-25. Retrieved2024-05-16.
  306. ^abcdefghSimmons, Cécile (2023-03-15)."Mainstreaming climate scepticism: Analysing the reach of fringe websites on Twitter".Institute for Strategic Dialogue. Archived fromthe original on 2023-04-29. Retrieved2023-12-22.
  307. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafag"Don't stop me now: the growing disinformation threat against climate change".EU DisinfoLab. 2023-02-06. Archived fromthe original on 2023-03-27. Retrieved2024-03-13.
  308. ^"Vaccines do not raise your risk of catching Covid".Full Fact. 2021-09-20. Archived fromthe original on 2023-10-19. Retrieved2023-12-22.
  309. ^abHoffman, Jenn (2016-11-28)."UNC Professor Allowed to Harass LGBTQ Students".The Daily Beast. Archived fromthe original on 2021-09-18. Retrieved2024-05-16.
  310. ^ab"Brief: Disinformation Risk in the United States Online Media Market, October 2022".Global Disinformation Index. 2022-10-21. Archived fromthe original on 2023-05-29. Retrieved2024-05-16.
  311. ^"THE TOXIC TEN - How ten fringe publishers fuel 69% of digital climate change denial"(PDF).Center for Countering Digital Hate. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2022-12-15. Retrieved2024-05-15.
  312. ^"Texas claims US State Department funds tech that censors conservative news".Reuters. 2023-12-06. Archived fromthe original on 2023-12-06. Retrieved2024-05-15.
  313. ^Evon, Dan (2017-04-27)."FACT CHECK: Did Bill Nye Say Gender is Determined 'by Your Chromosomes?'".Snopes. Archived fromthe original on 2023-02-02. Retrieved2024-05-16.
  314. ^Mikkelson, David; LaCapria, Kim (2017-03-01)."FACT CHECK: Did Democrats Refuse to Stand for a Navy SEAL's Widow?".Snopes. Archived fromthe original on 2024-04-18. Retrieved2024-05-16.
  315. ^LaCapria, Kim (2017-05-09)."FACT CHECK: Is Harvard University Segregating Graduation Ceremonies?".Snopes. Archived fromthe original on 2022-12-20. Retrieved2024-05-16.
  316. ^MacGuill, Dan (2020-09-02)."Did California DA Say Looting Is 'Okay' If Suspects 'Need' the Items?".Snopes. Archived fromthe original on 2023-10-07. Retrieved2024-05-16.
  317. ^"Los Eco-Ilógicos"(PDF).Graphika. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2023-07-15. Retrieved2025-05-15.
  318. ^Russell, Cristine."Attack of the climate-denial books".Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved2025-03-21.
  319. ^"Misinformation and propaganda campaign on net zero".Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment. Retrieved2025-03-21.
  320. ^ab"Lead Stories Uncovers Network of Cambodian Websites Pushing Death Hoaxes On Facebook To Spread Malware | Lead Stories".Lead Stories. 2022-12-08. Archived fromthe original on 2023-11-27. Retrieved2023-12-18.
  321. ^"Global Fake News Network Responsible For Dozens of Death Hoaxes Shuts Down After Ghana Connections Revealed | Lead Stories".Lead Stories. 2018-04-25. Archived fromthe original on 2022-12-06. Retrieved2023-12-18.
  322. ^"Macedonian Fake News Network Shuts Down Dozens Of Websites After Joint Investigation By Lead Stories & Nieuwscheckers | Lead Stories".Lead Stories. 2019-01-17. Archived fromthe original on 2023-03-29. Retrieved2023-12-21.
  323. ^Higgins, Andrew; Mcintire, Mike; Dance, Gabriel J.x. (2016-11-25)."Inside a Fake News Sausage Factory: 'This Is All About Income'".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331.Archived from the original on 2019-04-07. Retrieved2016-11-26.
  324. ^Ackerman, Spencer; Resnick, Gideon; Collins, Ben (2018-03-02)."Leaked: Secret Documents From Russia's Election Trolls".The Daily Beast. Archived fromthe original on 2023-12-16. Retrieved2023-12-25.
  325. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrsSilverman, Craig; Spary, Sara (2017-05-29)."Create-Your-Own-Fake-News Sites Are Booming On Facebook And Victims Feel Powerless To Stop Them".BuzzFeed News. Archived fromthe original on 2022-12-08. Retrieved2023-12-23.
  326. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwx"Fake News: Gérard Jugnot Did NOT Die This Morning".Lead Stories. 2019-02-04. Archived fromthe original on 2023-09-24. Retrieved2024-08-01.
  327. ^abKim, Sunny (2018-09-20)."This fake news generator is a head-turning troll machine".The Daily Dot. Archived fromthe original on 2020-09-29. Retrieved2024-01-07.
  328. ^ab"Reign of "New Fake News King" Already At An End? The Fake News Generator Blocked By Facebook".Lead Stories. 2018-09-23. Archived fromthe original on 2020-10-01. Retrieved2024-01-07.
  329. ^abc"Is The Fake News Generator Back In Business? -- It Took a Single Dash and $12 To Evade Filters | Lead Stories".Lead Stories. 2018-10-05. Archived fromthe original on 2023-06-07. Retrieved2023-12-24.
  330. ^"Fake New York Times Article Claims Elizabeth Warren Endorsed Bernie Sanders".The New York Times. 2016-03-01. Archived fromthe original on 2023-07-12. Retrieved2024-04-02.
  331. ^Evans, Claire L. (2015-04-23)."'Clone Zone' Is an Easy Tool for Building Fake Websites".Vice.Archived from the original on 2020-10-30. Retrieved2024-04-02.
  332. ^Reynolds, Emily (2016-03-02)."'Clone Zone' website tricks gullible Facebook users".Wired.ISSN 1059-1028. Archived fromthe original on 2022-12-05. Retrieved2024-04-02.
  333. ^"The True Story Behind Those Mysterious Fake Web Pages You've Been Seeing".The Fader. 2015-04-24. Archived fromthe original on 2022-05-22. Retrieved2024-04-02.
  334. ^Thompson, Matt (2016-04-01)."Clone Zone: Democratizing April Foolery".The Atlantic. Archived fromthe original on 2022-08-14. Retrieved2024-04-02.
  335. ^"This is what happens when someone decides an Internet hoax is 'art'".The Washington Post. 2016-03-02. Archived fromthe original on 2017-10-15. Retrieved2024-04-02.
  336. ^"Don't fall for this fake website trick".Good Housekeeping. 2016-03-03. Archived fromthe original on 2024-03-06. Retrieved2024-04-02.
  337. ^"Faking celeb deaths a big business for some websites, expert says".CBS News. 2014-03-18. Archived fromthe original on 2022-09-28. Retrieved2024-04-02.
  338. ^abEvon, Dan (2015-08-04)."Is Pepsico Discontinuing Mountain Dew?".Snopes. Archived fromthe original on 2023-09-27. Retrieved2024-01-07.
  339. ^Dewey, Caitlin (2014-06-16)."Beware fakeShare, the tricky new hoax site sowing lies in your Facebook feed".Washington Post.ISSN 0190-8286. Archived fromthe original on 2022-12-06. Retrieved2024-01-07.
  340. ^abLaCapria, Kim (2015-09-09)."Doe Rations".Snopes. Archived fromthe original on 2022-12-26. Retrieved2024-01-07.
  341. ^LaCapria, Kim (2016-05-11)."Big Lots Closing?".Snopes. Archived fromthe original on 2023-11-30. Retrieved2024-07-07.
  342. ^Brodeur, Michael Andor (2014-08-30)."The Internet's fake news problem - The Boston Globe".The Boston Globe. Archived fromthe original on 2014-09-05. Retrieved2024-04-02.
  343. ^"Estado Islámico NO ha emitido amenaza contra Puerto Rico".Univision. 2015-11-16. Archived fromthe original on 2016-01-23. Retrieved2024-08-01.
  344. ^Evon, Dan (2015-09-14)."No Dough?".Snopes. Archived fromthe original on 2022-12-25. Retrieved2024-01-07.
  345. ^LaCapria, Kim (2016-03-31)."Kohl's Bankrupt, Closing 818 Stores?".Snopes. Archived fromthe original on 2023-02-08. Retrieved2024-01-07.
  346. ^"SHRTURL, The Hoax News Generator, Has Shut Down".WNYC Studios. 2014-06-17. Archived fromthe original on 2022-10-03. Retrieved2024-04-02.
  347. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaa"Entire Network Of Fake News Websites Vanishes In Wake Of Mandalay Bay Hoax".Lead Stories. 2017-11-10. Archived fromthe original on 2022-02-06. Retrieved2023-12-23.
  348. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakSilverman, Craig (2017-03-30)."More Than 30 Websites Are Churning Out Viral Hoaxes About Crazy Crimes And Hip-Hop Beefs".BuzzFeed News. Archived fromthe original on 2022-11-28. Retrieved2023-12-23.
  349. ^abcAlba, Davey; Nicas, Jack (2020-10-20)."Here Are the Hundreds of Sites in a Pay-to-Play Local News Network".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331. Archived fromthe original on 2023-03-03. Retrieved2023-12-18.
  350. ^"VERA FILES FACT CHECK YEARENDER: Ads reveal links between websites producing fake news".Vera Files. December 30, 2018.Archived from the original on February 12, 2019. RetrievedFebruary 10, 2019.
  351. ^abcde"Now8News.com Network"(PDF).NewsGuard. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2022-07-21. Retrieved2024-04-02.
  352. ^abcdefghij"Fake News: Zika Virus NOT Found In Recent Shipment Of Bananas; CDC NOT Warning Of Safety Concerns | Lead Stories".Lead Stories. 2019-06-05. Archived fromthe original on 2023-09-23. Retrieved2024-01-27.
  353. ^O'Rourke, Ciara."PolitiFact - No, NASA didn't confirm Earth will go dark for six days".Politifact. Archived fromthe original on 2023-09-26. Retrieved2024-01-24.
  354. ^Mikkelson, David (2012-08-12)."6 Days of Darkness in December 2020?".Snopes. Archived fromthe original on 2023-09-29. Retrieved2024-01-24.
  355. ^abc"Fake News: Comedian Bill Cosby NOT Dead Of Apparent Suicide At Age 80 | Lead Stories".Lead Stories. 2018-04-29. Archived fromthe original on 2023-05-29. Retrieved2023-12-24.
  356. ^abGillin, Joshua."PolitiFact - Fake headline muddles real story of man cooked to death in tuna oven".Politifact. Archived fromthe original on 2022-08-16. Retrieved2024-01-22.
  357. ^LaCapria, Kim (2016-06-23)."Las Vegas Parents Facing Charges for Modifying 8-Month-Old Baby's Ears".Snopes. Archived fromthe original on 2023-02-07. Retrieved2024-01-27.
  358. ^abGillin, Joshua (2017-03-06)."PolitiFact - Rats! Rumors of tons of rodent meat passed off as chicken wings in U.S. are fake news".Politifact. Archived fromthe original on 2022-08-14. Retrieved2024-02-04.
  359. ^Dewey, Caitlin (2015-12-04)."What was fake on the Internet this week: bear rapes, 'false flags' and gold testicles".The Washington Post.ISSN 0190-8286.Archived from the original on 2017-10-12. Retrieved2017-01-02.
  360. ^Joshua Gillin,Fake news story says United flight attendant slapped baby during flight from ChicagoArchived 2017-04-22 at theWayback Machine,PolitiFact (April 18, 2017).
  361. ^LaCapria, Kim (2016-05-10)."Pro-Lifers Declare Every Sperm Is Sacred".Snopes. Archived fromthe original on 2023-01-12. Retrieved2023-12-24.
  362. ^abcdefghSilverman, Craig; Pham, Scott (2018-12-28)."In Spite Of Its Efforts, Facebook Is Still The Home Of Hugely Viral Fake News".BuzzFeed News. Archived fromthe original on 2023-10-16. Retrieved2023-12-24.
  363. ^abc"NewsGuard's Misinformation SWAT Team Issues Red Ratings to Two Networks Publishing Dozens of Hoax Websites".NewsGuard. Archived fromthe original on 2023-11-13. Retrieved2023-12-24.
  364. ^abcdefghijklmno"Fake News: Woman NOT Charged After Slowly Eating Husband Alive Over Three Years".Lead Stories. 2019-01-01. Archived fromthe original on 2023-03-22. Retrieved2023-12-24.
  365. ^Horgan, Richard (2016-04-18)."This Fake News Site Really Is Batty".Adweek. Archived fromthe original on 2021-02-25. Retrieved2023-12-24.
  366. ^Silverman, Craig (2017-04-17)."How A False Story About A Husband And Wife Being Twins Ended Up On Major News Websites".BuzzFeed News. Archived fromthe original on 2018-09-27. Retrieved2023-12-24.
  367. ^abEmery, David (2017-04-20)."Florida Man, High on Meth, Cuts Off Genitals and Feeds Them to Alligator?".Snopes. Archived fromthe original on 2023-02-03. Retrieved2023-12-08.
  368. ^abcd"abc14news.com"(PDF).NewsGuard. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2020-04-25. Retrieved2023-12-24.
  369. ^abcdefg"Fake News: Boy NOT Hailed As Hero, Did NOT Shoot Pedophile Home Intruder Dead".Lead Stories. 2018-10-02. Archived fromthe original on 2023-09-24. Retrieved2024-01-07.
  370. ^abc"Fake News: Lexington Man NOT Arrested After He Was Caught Masturbating $35 Million Stud Horse Trying To Steal Its Semen | Lead Stories".Lead Stories. 2017-08-01. Archived fromthe original on 2023-03-31. Retrieved2023-12-14.
  371. ^Gamp, Joseph (2016-06-18)."It's official: Kim Jong-un has NOT been killed by suicide bombers".International Business Times. Archived fromthe original on 2022-08-12. Retrieved2023-12-24.
  372. ^"Fake News: Woman High On Meth Did NOT Die After Pumping Gasoline Into Her Anus".Lead Stories. 2018-10-19. Archived fromthe original on 2023-09-28. Retrieved2023-12-24.
  373. ^abDewey, Caitlin (2015-08-28)."What was fake on the Internet this week: Selfie lice, Joey Fatone and James Earl Jones RIPs".The Washington Post.ISSN 0190-8286.Archived from the original on 2017-04-09. Retrieved2017-01-02.
  374. ^Dewey, Caitlin (2015-11-06)."What was fake on the Internet this week: amazing cows, the KKK and a 'Secret Sister' gift exchange".The Washington Post.ISSN 0190-8286.Archived from the original on 2015-11-15. Retrieved2017-01-02.
  375. ^Dewey, Caitlin (2015-09-25)."What was fake on the Internet this week: Casey Anthony's death and Chipotle's 9/11 ad".The Washington Post.ISSN 0190-8286.Archived from the original on 2016-11-12. Retrieved2017-01-02.
  376. ^Silverman, Craig (2017-06-05)."An Ad Network That Works With Fake News Sites Just Launched An Anti—Fake News Initiative".BuzzFeed News. Archived fromthe original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved2024-08-01.
  377. ^abcdefghijk"Fake News: Melania Trump Did NOT Announce Divorce".Lead Stories. 2018-03-18. Archived fromthe original on 2023-09-27. Retrieved2024-02-03.
  378. ^Silverman, Craig (2018-03-01)."Publishers Are Switching Domain Names To Try To Stay Ahead Of Facebook's Algorithm Changes".BuzzFeed News. Archived fromthe original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved2024-02-03.
  379. ^abcdefghijkl"No Logan Act Charges Against John Kerry".FactCheck.org. 2018-02-02. Archived fromthe original on 2023-06-09. Retrieved2024-02-03.
  380. ^"John Kerry not facing Logan Act charges".Associated Press. 2018-02-15. Archived fromthe original on 2024-01-28. Retrieved2024-02-03.
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