| Language Endangerment Status | |
|---|---|
| Extinct (EX) | |
| |
| Endangered | |
| Safe | |
| |
Other categories | |
Related topics | |
 UNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger categories | |
Anendangered language is alanguage that is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes anextinct language. A language may be endangered in one area but show signs of revitalisation in another, as with theIrish language.[citation needed]
TheUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization definesfour levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct":[1]
The list below includes the findings from the third edition ofAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010; formerly theRed Book of Endangered Languages), as well as the online edition of that publication, both published by UNESCO.[2]
Albania •Armenia •Azerbaijan •Belarus •Belgium •Bosnia and Herzegovina •Bulgaria •Croatia •Cyprus •Czech Republic •Denmark •Estonia •Finland •France •Georgia •Germany •Greece •Hungary •Ireland •Italy •Kazakhstan •Latvia •Liechtenstein •Lithuania •Luxembourg •Moldova •Monaco •Montenegro •Netherlands •North Macedonia •Norway •Poland •Portugal •Romania •Russia •San Marino •Serbia •Slovakia •Slovenia •Spain •Sweden •Switzerland •Turkey •Ukraine •United Kingdom
| Language | Status | Speakers | Notes | ISO 639-3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania Main article:Languages of Albania | |||||||||
| Aromanian | Definitely endangered[1] | 210,000[3] | Also spoken in: Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Serbia, Kosovo | rup | |||||
| Judezmo | Severely endangered[1] | 60,000[4] | Also spoken in: Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, North Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Serbia, Turkey | lad | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Torlakian | Vulnerable[1] | 1,500,000[6] | Also spoken in: Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia | hbs | |||||
| Armenia Main article:Languages of Armenia | |||||||||
| Pontic Greek | Definitely endangered[1] | 778,000[7] | Also spoken in: Georgia, Greece, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine | pnt | |||||
| Suret | Definitely endangered[1] | 650,000–1,000,000[8] | Also spoken in: Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey | aii, cld | |||||
| Austria Main article:Languages of Austria | |||||||||
| Alemannic | Vulnerable[9] | 7,162,000[10] | Also spoken in: France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Switzerland | gsw, swg, wae | |||||
| Bavarian | Vulnerable[1] | 14,089,000[11] | Also spoken in: Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland | bar | |||||
| Burgenland Croatian | Definitely endangered[1] | 50,000–60,000[12] | Also spoken in: Hungary, Slovakia | ||||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Czech Republic, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Azerbaijan Main article:Languages of Azerbaijan | |||||||||
| Budukh | Severely endangered[1] | 200[14] | bdk | ||||||
| Juhuri | Definitely endangered[1] | 101,000[15] | Caucasus. Also spoken in: Russia | jdt | |||||
| Khinalug | Severely endangered[1] | 3,000[16] | kjj | ||||||
| Kryz | Severely endangered[1] | 5,000[17] | kry | ||||||
| Lezgian | Vulnerable[1] | 800,000[18] | Also spoken in: Russia | lez | |||||
| Rutul | Definitely endangered[1] | 36,400[19] | Also spoken in: Russia | rut | |||||
| Talysh | Vulnerable[1] | 912,000[20] | Also spoken in: Iran | tly | |||||
| Tat | Severely endangered[1] | 28,000[21] | ttt | ||||||
| Tsakhur | Definitely endangered[1] | 22,300[22] | Also spoken in: Russia | tkr | |||||
| Udi | Severely endangered[1] | 6,160[23] | (Azerbaijan) | udi | |||||
| Belarus Main article:Languages of Belarus | |||||||||
| Belarusian | Vulnerable[1] | 5,058,400[24] | Also spoken in: Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine | bel | |||||
| Polesian | Vulnerable[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Poland, Ukraine | ||||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Belgium Main article:Languages of Belgium | |||||||||
| Champenois | Severely endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: France | fra | |||||
| Limburgian-Ripuarian | Vulnerable[1] | 1,300,000[25] | Also spoken in: Germany, Netherlands | ksh, lim | |||||
| Lorrain | Severely endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: France | fra | |||||
| Moselle Franconian | Vulnerable[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: France, Germany, Luxembourg | ltz | |||||
| Picard | Severely endangered[1] | 700,000[26] | Also spoken in: France | pcd | |||||
| Walloon | Definitely endangered[1] | 600,000[27] | Also spoken in: France, Luxembourg | wln | |||||
| West Flemish | Vulnerable[1] | 1,400,000[28] | Also spoken in: France, Netherlands | vls, zea | |||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina Main article:Languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina | |||||||||
| Judezmo | Severely endangered[1] | 60,000[4] | Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, North Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Serbia, Turkey | lad | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Bulgaria Main article:Languages of Bulgaria | |||||||||
| Aromanian | Definitely endangered[1] | 210,000[3] | Also spoken in: Albania, Greece, North Macedonia, Serbia | rup | |||||
| Crimean Tatar | Severely endangered[1] | 580,000[29] | (Dobruja). Also spoken in: Romania, Russia, Ukraine | crh, jct | |||||
| Deli Orman Gagauz | Critically endangered[1] | 148,720[30] | (Deli Orman) | bgx, gag | |||||
| Judezmo | Severely endangered[1] | 60,000[4] | Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, North Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Serbia, Turkey | lad | |||||
| Maritime Gagauz | Severely endangered[1] | 148,720[30] | (Maritime). Also spoken in: Romania | bgx, gag | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Torlakian | Vulnerable[1] | 1,500,000[6] | Also spoken in: Albania, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia | hbs | |||||
| Croatia Main article:Languages of Croatia | |||||||||
| Arbanasi | Severely endangered[1] | Unknown | |||||||
| Istriot | Severely endangered[1] | 1,300[31] | ist | ||||||
| Istro-Romanian | Severely endangered[1] | 1,400[32] | ruo | ||||||
| Judezmo | Severely endangered[1] | 60,000[4] | Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Serbia, Turkey | lad | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Venetian | Vulnerable[1] | 3,900,000[33] | Also spoken in: Italy, Slovenia | vec | |||||
| Vojvodina Rusyn | Definitely endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Serbia | ||||||
| Cyprus Main article:Languages of Cyprus | |||||||||
| Cypriot Arabic | Severely endangered[1] | 9,800[34] | acy | ||||||
| Cypriot Greek | Vulnerable[1] | 9,999[35] | - | Czech Republic Main article:Languages of Czech Republic | |||||
| Bavarian | Vulnerable[1] | 14,089,000[11] | Also spoken in: Austria, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland | bar | |||||
| East Franconian | Vulnerable[1] | 4,900,000[36] | Also spoken in: Germany | vmf | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Denmark Main articles:Languages of Denmark andLanguages of the Faroe Islands | |||||||||
| Faroese | Vulnerable[1] | 72,000[37] | fao | ||||||
| Low Saxon | Vulnerable[1] | 2,200,000[38] | Also spoken in: Germany, Netherlands, Russia | act, drt, frs, gos, nds, sdz, stl, twd, vel, wep | |||||
| Scanian | Vulnerable[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Sweden | swe | |||||
| South Jutlandic | Definitely endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Germany | jut | |||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Estonia Main article:Languages of Estonia | |||||||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Võro-Seto | Definitely endangered[1] | 133,680[39] | Also spoken in: Russia | est | |||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Finland Main article:Languages of Finland | |||||||||
| Inari Sámi | Severely endangered[1] | 400[40] | smn | ||||||
| Karelian | Definitely endangered[1] | 19,753[41][42] | Also spoken in: Russia | krl | |||||
| North Saami | Definitely endangered[1] | 25,000[43] | Also spoken in: Norway, Russia, Sweden | sme | |||||
| Olonetsian | Definitely endangered[1] | 14,100–25,000[44] | Also spoken in: Russia | olo | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Skolt Saami | Severely endangered[1] | 350[45] | Also spoken in: Norway, Russia | sms | |||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| France Main article:Languages of France | |||||||||
| Alemannic | Vulnerable[9] | 7,162,000[10] | Also spoken in: Austria, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Switzerland | gsw, swg, wae | |||||
| Alpine Provençal | Definitely endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Italy | oci | |||||
| Auvergnat | Severely endangered[1] | 80,000[46] | oci | ||||||
| Basque | Vulnerable[1] | 751,000[47] | Also spoken in: Spain | eus | |||||
| Breton | Severely endangered[1] | 207,000[48] | bre | ||||||
| Burgundian | Severely endangered[1] | 50,000[49] | fra | ||||||
| Champenois | Severely endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Belgium | fra | |||||
| Corsican | Definitely endangered[1] | 150,000[50] | Also spoken in: Italy | cos | |||||
| Frainc-Comtou | Severely endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Switzerland | fra | |||||
| Franco-Provençal | Definitely endangered[1] | 157,000[51] | Also spoken in: Italy, Switzerland | frp | |||||
| Gallo | Severely endangered[1] | 191,000[52] | fra | ||||||
| Gascon | Definitely endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Spain | oci | |||||
| Languedocien | Severely endangered[1] | 5,000[46] | oci | ||||||
| Ligurian | Definitely endangered[1] | 600,000[53] | Also spoken in: Italy, Monaco | lij | |||||
| Limousin | Severely endangered[1] | 10,000[46] | oci | ||||||
| Lorrain | Severely endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Belgium | fra | |||||
| Moselle Franconian | Vulnerable[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg | ltz | |||||
| Norman | Severely endangered[1] | 20,000[54] | nrn | ||||||
| Picard | Severely endangered[1] | 700,000[26] | Also spoken in: Belgium | pcd | |||||
| Poitevin-Saintongeais | Severely endangered[1] | 200,000–300,000[55] | fra | ||||||
| Provençal | Severely endangered[1] | 350,000[46] | oci | ||||||
| Rhenish Franconian | Vulnerable[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Germany | pfl | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Walloon | Definitely endangered[1] | 600,000[27] | Also spoken in: Belgium, Luxembourg | wln | |||||
| West Flemish | Vulnerable[1] | 1,400,000[28] | Also spoken in: Belgium, Netherlands | vls, zea | |||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Georgia Main article:Languages of Georgia | |||||||||
| Abkhaz | Vulnerable[1] | 190,000[56] | Also spoken in: Russia, Turkey | abk | |||||
| Bats | Severely endangered[1] | 500[57] | bbl | ||||||
| Bohtan Neo-Aramaic | Severely endangered[1] | <500[58] | Also spoken in: Russia | bhn | |||||
| Homshetsma | Severely endangered[1] | Unknown | (Caucasus). Also spoken in: Russia | hye | |||||
| Laz | Definitely endangered[1] | 22,000[59] | Also spoken in: Turkey | lzz | |||||
| Mingrelian | Definitely endangered[1] | 344,000[60] | xmf | ||||||
| Ossete | Vulnerable[1] | 597,450[61] | Also spoken in: Russia | oss | |||||
| Pontic Greek | Definitely endangered[1] | 778,000[7] | Also spoken in: Armenia, Greece, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine | pnt | |||||
| Svan | Definitely endangered[1] | 14,000[62] | sva | ||||||
| Udi | Severely endangered[1] | 6,160[23] | (Georgia) . | udi | |||||
| Urum | Definitely endangered[1] | 190,000[63] | Also spoken in: Russia, Ukraine | uum | |||||
| Germany Main article:Languages of Germany | |||||||||
| Alemannic | Vulnerable[9] | 7,162,000[10] | Also spoken in: Austria, France, Italy, Liechtenstein, Switzerland | gsw, swg, wae | |||||
| Bavarian | Vulnerable[1] | 14,089,000[11] | Also spoken in: Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland | bar | |||||
| East Franconian | Vulnerable[1] | 4,900,000[36] | Also spoken in: Czech Republic | vmf | |||||
| Ripuarian | Vulnerable[1] | 250,000[64] | Also spoken in: Belgium, Netherlands | ksh | |||||
| Low Saxon | Vulnerable[1] | 2,200,000[38] | Also spoken in: Denmark, Netherlands, Russia | act, drt, frs, gos, nds, sdz, stl, twd, vel, wep | |||||
| Moselle Franconian | Vulnerable[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Belgium, France, Luxembourg | ltz | |||||
| North Frisian | Severely endangered[1] | 10,000[65] | frr | ||||||
| Rhenish Franconian | Vulnerable[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: France | pfl | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Saterland Frisian | Severely endangered[1] | 2,000[66] | stq | ||||||
| Sorbian | Definitely endangered[1] | 19,900[67] | dsb, hsb | ||||||
| South Jutlandic | Definitely endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Denmark | jut | |||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Greece Main article:Languages of Greece | |||||||||
| Aromanian | Definitely endangered[1] | 210,000[3] | Also spoken in: Albania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Serbia | rup | |||||
| Arvanitika | Severely endangered[1] | 50,000[68] | aat | ||||||
| Cappadocian Greek | Critically endangered[1] | 2,800[69] | cpg | ||||||
| Corfiot Italkian | Critically endangered[1] | 250 | |||||||
| Gagauz (South Balkans) | Severely endangered[1] | 148,720[30] | (South Balkans) . Also spoken in: North Macedonia, Turkey | bgx, gag | |||||
| Judezmo | Severely endangered[1] | 60,000[4] | Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, North Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Serbia, Turkey | lad | |||||
| Megleno-Romanian | Severely endangered[1] | 5,000[70] | Also spoken in: North Macedonia | ruq | |||||
| Pontic Greek | Definitely endangered[1] | 778,000[7] | Also spoken in: Armenia, Georgia, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine | pnt | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Tsakonian | Critically endangered[1] | 2,000–4,000[71] | tsd | ||||||
| Hungary Main article:Languages of Hungary | |||||||||
| Bavarian | Vulnerable[1] | 14,089,000[11] | Also spoken in: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Switzerland | bar | |||||
| Burgenland Croatian | Definitely endangered[1] | 50,000–60,000[12] | Also spoken in: Austria, Slovakia | hbs | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Rusyn | Vulnerable[1] | 70,000[72] | Also spoken in: Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine | rue | |||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Ireland Main article:Languages of Ireland | |||||||||
| Irish | Definitely endangered[1] | 170,000-1,760,000[73][74] | Also spoken in: United Kingdom | gle | |||||
| Shelta | Critically endangered[75] | 50,000[76] | sth | ||||||
| Italy Main article:Languages of Italy | |||||||||
| Alemannic | Vulnerable[9] | 7,162,000[10] | Also spoken in: Austria, France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Switzerland | gsw, swg, wae | |||||
| Algherese (Catalan) | Definitely endangered[1] | Unknown | cat | ||||||
| Alpine Provençal | Definitely endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: France | oci | |||||
| Arbëresh | Definitely endangered[1] | 100,000[77] | aae | ||||||
| Bavarian | Vulnerable[1] | 14,089,000[11] | Also spoken in: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Switzerland | bar | |||||
| Cimbrian | Definitely endangered[1] | 400[78] | cim | ||||||
| Corsican | Definitely endangered[1] | 150,000[50] | Also spoken in: France | cos | |||||
| Emilian | Definitely endangered[1] | c. 1,300,000[79] | egl | ||||||
| Faetar | Severely endangered[1] | <1,000[80] | An outlying dialect of Francoprovençal | frp | |||||
| Franco-Provençal | Definitely endangered[1] | 157,000[51] | Also spoken in: France, Switzerland | frp | |||||
| Friulian | Definitely endangered[1] | 600,000[81] | fur | ||||||
| Gallo-Italic of Sicily | Definitely endangered[1] | 60,000[82] | lmo | ||||||
| Gallurese | Definitely endangered[1] | 100,000[83] | An outlying dialect of Corsican, yet listed as being part of Sardinian by UNESCO | sdn | |||||
| Gardiol | Severely endangered[1] | Unknown | An outlying dialect of Alpine Provençal | ||||||
| Griko | Definitely endangered[1] | 20,000[84] | An outlying dialect of Greek spoken in Calabria and Salento | ell | |||||
| Ladin | Definitely endangered[1] | 41,100[85][86][87] | lld | ||||||
| Ligurian | Definitely endangered[1] | 600,000[53] | Also spoken in: France, Monaco | lij | |||||
| Lombard | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,800,000[88] | Also spoken in: Switzerland | lmo | |||||
| Mòcheno | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,900[89] | An outlying dialect of Bavarian | mhn | |||||
| Molise Croatian | Severely endangered[1] | 1,000[90] | svm | ||||||
| Neapolitan | Vulnerable[1] | 5,700,000[91] | nap | ||||||
| Piedmontese | Definitely endangered[1] | 2,000,000[92] | pms | ||||||
| Resian | Severely endangered[1] | 929[93] | An outlying dialect of Slovene | slv | |||||
| Romagnol | Definitely endangered[1] | 430,000[94] | Also spoken in: San Marino | rgn | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Sardinian | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,000,000[95][96] | src, sro | ||||||
| Sassarese | Definitely endangered[1] | 100,000[97] | An outlying dialect of Corsican, yet listed as being part of Sardinian by UNESCO | sdc | |||||
| Sicilian | Vulnerable[1] | 4,700,000[98] | scn | ||||||
| South Tyrolean German | Vulnerable[1] | 300,000[99] | bar | ||||||
| Swabian German | Severely endangered[1] | 820,000[100] | swg | ||||||
| Swiss German | Definitely endangered[1] | 4,930,000[101] | gsw | ||||||
| Töitschu | Severely endangered[1] | 22,780[102] | An outlying dialect of Alemannic | gsw, swg, wae | |||||
| Venetian | Vulnerable[1] | 3,900,000[33] | Also spoken in: Croatia, Slovenia | vec | |||||
| Walser | Severely endangered[1] | 22,780[103] | wae | ||||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Kazakhstan Main article:Languages of Kazakhstan | |||||||||
| Dungan | Definitely endangered[1] | 110,000[104] | Also spoken in: Kyrgyzstan | dng | |||||
| Latvia Main article:Languages of Latvia | |||||||||
| Belarusian | Vulnerable[1] | 5,058,400[24] | Also spoken in: Belarus, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine | bel | |||||
| Latgalian | Vulnerable[1] | 200,000[105] | Also spoken in: Russia | lav | |||||
| Livonian | Critically endangered[1] | 250[106] | liv | ||||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Liechtenstein Main article:Languages of Liechtenstein | |||||||||
| Alemannic | Vulnerable[9] | 7,162,000[10] | Also spoken in: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland | gsw, swg, wae | |||||
| Lithuania Main article:Languages of Lithuania | |||||||||
| Belarusian | Vulnerable[1] | 5,058,400[24] | Also spoken in: Belarus, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Ukraine | bel | |||||
| Karaim | Severely endangered[1] | 80[107] | (Lithuania). | kdr | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Luxembourg Main article:Languages of Luxembourg | |||||||||
| Luxembourgish | Vulnerable[1] | 430,000[108] | Also spoken in: Belgium, France, Germany | ltz | |||||
| Walloon | Definitely endangered[1] | 600,000[27] | Also spoken in: Belgium, France | wln | |||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Moldova Main article:Languages of Moldova | |||||||||
| Gagauz (Bessarabia) | Critically endangered[1] | 148,720[30] | Also spoken in: Bulgaria, Romania, Russia, Ukraine | bgx, gag | |||||
| Monaco Main article:Languages of Monaco | |||||||||
| Ligurian | Definitely endangered[1] | 600,000[53] | Also spoken in: France, Italy | lij | |||||
| Montenegro Main article:Languages of Montenegro | |||||||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Netherlands Main article:Languages of the Netherlands | |||||||||
| Limburgish | Vulnerable[1] | 1,300,000[25] | Also spoken in: Belgium, Germany | lim | |||||
| Low Saxon | Vulnerable[1] | 2,200,000[38] | Also spoken in: Denmark, Germany, Russia | act, drt, frs, gos, nds, sdz, stl, twd, vel, wep | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| West Flemish | Vulnerable[1] | 1,400,000[28] | Also spoken in: Belgium, France | vls, zea | |||||
| West Frisian | Vulnerable[1] | 470,000[109] | fry | ||||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| North Macedonia Main article:Languages of North Macedonia | |||||||||
| Aromanian | Definitely endangered[1] | 210,000[3] | Also spoken in: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia | rup | |||||
| Megleno-Romanian | Severely endangered[1] | 5,000[70] | Also spoken in: Greece | ruq | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Norway Main article:Languages of Norway | |||||||||
| Lule Sámi | Severely endangered[1] | 650[110] | Also spoken in: Sweden | smj | |||||
| North Saami | Definitely endangered[1] | 25,000[43] | Also spoken in: Finland, Russia, Sweden | sme | |||||
| Pite Sámi | Critically endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Sweden | sje | |||||
| Skolt Saami | Severely endangered[1] | 350[45] | Also spoken in: Finland, Russia | sms | |||||
| Southern Sámi | Severely endangered[1] | 600[111] | Also spoken in: Sweden | sma | |||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Poland Main article:Languages of Poland | |||||||||
| Belarusian | Vulnerable[1] | 5,058,400[24] | Also spoken in: Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Ukraine | bel | |||||
| Kashubian | Severely endangered[1] | 108,000[112] | Also spoken in:Canada | csb | |||||
| Polesian | Vulnerable[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Belarus, Ukraine | ||||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Rusyn | Vulnerable[1] | 70,000[72] | Also spoken in: Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine | rue | |||||
| Wymysorys | Severely endangered[1] | 20[113] | wym | ||||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Portugal Main article:Languages of Portugal | |||||||||
| Asturian-Leonese | Definitely endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Spain | ast, ext, mwl | |||||
| Romania Main article:Languages of Romania | |||||||||
| Banat Bulgarian | Definitely endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Serbia | bul | |||||
| Crimean Tatar | Severely endangered[1] | 580,000[29] | (Dobruja) . Also spoken in: Bulgaria, Russia, Ukraine | crh, jct | |||||
| Csángó | Severely endangered.[1] | Unknown | hun | ||||||
| Gagauz (Bessarabia) | Severely endangered[1] | 148,720[30] | Also spoken in: Bulgaria, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine | bgx, gag | |||||
| Judezmo | Severely endangered[1] | 60,000[4] | Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, North Macedonia, Morocco, Turkey, Serbia | lad | |||||
| Nogai | Severely endangered[1] | 87,000[114] | (Dobruja) . | nog | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Rusyn | Vulnerable[1] | 70,000[72] | Also spoken in: Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine | rue | |||||
| Torlakian | Vulnerable[1] | 1,500,000[6] | Also spoken in: Albania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Serbia | hbs | |||||
| Transylvanian Saxon | Severely endangered[1] | 200,000[115] | |||||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Russia Main articles:Languages of Russia andList of endangered languages in Russia | |||||||||
| San Marino Main article:Languages of San Marino | |||||||||
| Romagnol | Definitely endangered[1] | 430,000[94] | Also spoken in: Italy | rgn | |||||
| Serbia Main article:Languages of Serbia | |||||||||
| Aromanian | Definitely endangered[1] | 210,000[3] | Also spoken in: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia | rup | |||||
| Banat Bulgarian | Definitely endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Romania | bul | |||||
| Judezmo | Severely endangered[1] | 60,000[4] | Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, North Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Turkey | lad | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Torlakian | Vulnerable[1] | 1,500,000[6] | Also spoken in: Albania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Romania | hbs | |||||
| Vojvodina Rusyn | Definitely endangered[1] | 8,725[116] | Also spoken in: Croatia | ||||||
| Slovakia Main article:Languages of Slovakia | |||||||||
| Burgenland Croatian | Definitely endangered[1] | 50,000–60,000[12] | Also spoken in: Austria, Hungary | hbs | |||||
| Eastern Slovak | Vulnerable[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Ukraine | slk | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Rusyn | Vulnerable[1] | 70,000[72] | Also spoken in: Hungary, Poland, Romania, Ukraine | rue | |||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Slovenia Main article:Languages of Slovenia | |||||||||
| Gottscheerish | Critically endangered[1] | Unknown | |||||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Venetian | Vulnerable[1] | 3,900,000[33] | Also spoken in: Croatia, Italy | vec | |||||
| Spain Main article:Languages of Spain | |||||||||
| Aragonese | Definitely endangered[1] | 30,000–50,000[117] | arg | ||||||
| Asturian-Leonese | Definitely endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Portugal | ast, ext, mwl | |||||
| Basque | Vulnerable[1] | 751,000[47] | Also spoken in: France | eus | |||||
| Gascon | Definitely endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: France | oci | |||||
| Sweden Main article:Languages of Sweden | |||||||||
| Dalecarlian | Definitely endangered[1] | Unknown | swe | ||||||
| Meänkieli | Critically endangered | fit | |||||||
| Modern Gutnish | Definitely endangered[1] | 2,000–5,000[118][119] | swe | ||||||
| Lule Sámi | Severely endangered[1] | 650[110] | Also spoken in: Norway | smj | |||||
| North Saami | Definitely endangered[1] | 25,000[43] | Also spoken in: Finland, Norway, Russia | sme | |||||
| Pite Sámi | Critically endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Norway | sje | |||||
| Scanian | Vulnerable[1] | Unknown | swe | ||||||
| Southern Sámi | Severely endangered[1] | 600[111] | Also spoken in: Norway | sma | |||||
| Ume Sámi | Critically endangered[1] | 100[120] | sju | ||||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Switzerland Main article:Languages of Switzerland | |||||||||
| Alemannic | Vulnerable[9] | Also spoken in: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein | gsw, swg, wae | ||||||
| Bavarian | Vulnerable[1] | 14,089,000[11] | Also spoken in: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy | bar | |||||
| Frainc-Comtou | Severely endangered[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: France | fra | |||||
| Franco-Provençal | Definitely endangered[1] | 157,000[51] | Also spoken in: France, Italy | frp | |||||
| Lombard | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,800,000[88] | Also spoken in: Italy | lmo | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Romansh | Definitely endangered[1] | 60,000[121] | roh | ||||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| Turkey Main articles:Languages of Turkey andList of endangered languages in Asia § Turkey | |||||||||
| Abaza | Definitely endangered[1] | 49,800[122] | Also spoken in: Russia | abq | |||||
| Abkhaz | Vulnerable[1] | 190,000[56] | Also spoken in: Georgia, Russia | abk | |||||
| Adyghe | Definitely endangered[1] | 610,000[123] | Also spoken in: Iraq, Israel, Jordan, North Macedonia, Russia, Syria | ady | |||||
| Gagauz (South Balkans) | Severely endangered[1] | 460,000[124] | (South Balkans) Also spoken in: Greece, North Macedonia | bgx | |||||
| Homshetsma | Definitely endangered[1] | Unknown | hye | ||||||
| Judezmo | Severely endangered[1] | 60,000[4] | Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, North Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Serbia | lad | |||||
| Kabard-Cherkes | Vulnerable[1] | 590,000[125] | Also spoken in: Russia | kbd | |||||
| Laz | Definitely endangered[1] | 22,000[59] | Also spoken in: Georgia | lzz | |||||
| Pontic Greek | Definitely endangered[1] | 778,000[7] | Also spoken in: Armenia, Georgia, Greece, Russia, Ukraine | pnt | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Suret | Definitely endangered[1] | 650,000–1,000,000[8] | Also spoken in: Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Syria | aii, cld | |||||
| Western Armenian | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,600,000[126] | hye | ||||||
| Zazaki | Vulnerable[1] | 3,000,000–4,000,000[127] | zza | ||||||
| Ukraine Main article:Languages of Ukraine | |||||||||
| Belarusian | Vulnerable[1] | 5,058,400[24] | Also spoken in: Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia | bel | |||||
| Crimean Tatar | Severely endangered[1] | 580,000[29] | (Crimea). Also spoken in Bulgaria, Romania, Russia | crh, jct | |||||
| Crimean Turkish | Severely endangered[1] | 580,000[29] | |||||||
| Eastern Slovak | Vulnerable[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Slovakia | slk | |||||
| Gagauz | Definitely endangered[1] | 148,720[30] | (Bessarabia). Also spoken in: Moldova | bgx, gag | |||||
| Karaim | Critically endangered[1] | 80[107] | (Western Ukraine) | kdr | |||||
| Mariupolitan Greek | Severely endangered[1] | Unknown | ell | ||||||
| Nogai | Severely endangered[1] | 87,000[114] | (Crimea) | nog | |||||
| Plautdietsch | Definitely endangered[1] | 447,360[128] | pdt | ||||||
| Polesian | Vulnerable[1] | Unknown | Also spoken in: Belarus, Poland | ||||||
| Pontic Greek | Definitely endangered[1] | 778,000[7] | Also spoken in: Armenia, Georgia, Greece, Russia, Turkey | pnt | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Rusyn | Vulnerable[1] | 70,000[72] | Also spoken in: Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia | rue | |||||
| Urum | Definitely endangered[1] | 190,000[63] | Also spoken in: Georgia, Russia | uum | |||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom | ydd | |||||
| United Kingdom and Crown dependencies Main articles:Languages of the United Kingdom andLanguages of Ireland | |||||||||
| Cornish | Critically endangered[1] | 557[129] | cor | ||||||
| Guernésiais | Severely endangered[1] | 200[130] | (Guernsey) | nrn | |||||
| Irish | Definitely endangered[1] | 170,000-1,760,000[73][74] | Also spoken in: Ireland | gle | |||||
| Jèrriais | Severely endangered[1] | 4,700[130] | (Jersey) | nrn | |||||
| Manx | Critically endangered[1] | 1,853[131] | (Isle of Man) | glv | |||||
| Romani | Definitely endangered[1] | 3,500,000[5] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy | |||||
| Scots | Vulnerable[1] | 99,200[132] | sco | ||||||
| Scottish Gaelic | Definitely endangered[1] | 130,000[133] | Also spoken in: Canada | gla | |||||
| Sercquiais | Critically endangered | 3[134] | |||||||
| Welsh | Vulnerable[1] | 892,200[135] | Also spoken in: Patagonia | cym | |||||
| Yiddish | Definitely endangered[1] | 1,510,000[13] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine | ydd | |||||
;List of endangered languages in Europe atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022);List of endangered languages in Europe atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022);List of endangered languages in Europe atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022);List of endangered languages in Europe atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022);List of endangered languages in Europe atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022);List of endangered languages in Europe atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022);List of endangered languages in Europe atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022);List of endangered languages in Europe atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022)Of the 1.76 million who said they could speak Irish, 73,803 said they speak it daily outside the education system, a fall of 3,382 on the 2011 figure. ... (421,274) said they never spoke Irish. ... Of the 73,803 daily Irish speakers (outside the education system), 20,586 (27.9%) lived in Gaeltacht areas. The total population of all Gaeltacht areas in April 2016 was 96,090
Zu Hause oder mit den Angehörigen sprechen 60,1% der betrachteten Bevölkerung hauptsächlich Schweizerdeutsch[At home or with relatives, 60.1% of the population considered mainly speak Swiss German]
