Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

List of empires

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For list of empires by size, seelist of largest empires.

This is a navigationallist ofempires.

Empires

[edit]
This sectionneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.(November 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
This list isincomplete; you can help byadding missing items.(December 2017)
EmpireStart yearEnd yearDuration (years)
Achaemenid Empire[1]550 BC330 BC220
Afsharid Iran[2]1736179660
Akkadian Empire[3]2334 BC2154 BC180
Akwamu[4]16291867238
United States of America[5] (disputed)[6]1776present249
Angevin Empire[7]1154124288
Aq Qoyunlu[8]1467[8]1508[8]41
Armenian Empire ofTigranes the Great[9]89 BC[10]55 BC[10]34
Asante Empire[11]16701902232
Aulikara Empire[12]52855022
Austria-Hungary[13]1867191851
Austrian Empire[14]1804186763
Avar Khaganate[15]567822255
Ayutthaya Kingdom[16]13511767416
Aztec Empire[17]13251521196
Old Babylonian Empire[18]1894 BC[19][20]1595 BC299
Neo-Babylonian Empire[21]626 BC539 BC87
Bamana Empire[22]17121861149
Belgian colonial empire[23]1908196255
Kingdom of Benin[24]11801897717
Empire of Brazil[25]1822188967
Britannic Empire[26]28629610
British Empire[27]15831997414
British Raj (Indian Empire)[28]1858194789
Sultanate of Brunei (1368–1888)[29]13681888520
Old Great Bulgaria[30]63266836
First Bulgarian Empire[31]6811018337
Second Bulgarian Empire[32]11851396211
Byzantine Empire[32]39514531058
Carolingian Empire[33]80088888
Carthaginian Empire[34]814 BC146 BC668
Central African Empire[35]197619793
Chenla[citation needed]550802252
Chimor[36]9001470570
Chola Empire[37]8481279431
Athenian Empire[38]454 BC404 BC50
Danish colonial empire[39]15361953417
Durrani Empire[40]1747184295
Dutch colonial empire[41]15951975380
Dzungar Khanate[42]16341758124
Empire of Charles V[43]1519155637
New Kingdom of Egypt[44]1550 BC1077 BC473
Elamite Empire[45]1210 BC1100 BC110
Ethiopian Empire[46]12701974704
First French Empire[47]1804181511
Second French Empire[48]1852187018
French colonial empire[49]15341814280
18301980150
Funan[50]50550500
Gallic Empire[51]26027414
Gaza Empire[52]1824189571
German colonial empire[53]1884192036
German Empire[54]1871191948
German Empire (1848–1849)[citation needed]184818491
Ghana Empire[55]8301235405
Ghaznavid Empire[56]9771186209
Goguryeo[57]37 BC668705
Goryeo[citation needed]9181392474
Golden Horde[58]12401502262
Grand Duchy of Lithuania[59]12361795559
Empire of Great Fulo[citation needed]15121776264
Gupta Empire[60]320550230
Habsburg monarchy[61]12821918636
First Empire of Haiti[62]180418062
Second Empire of Haiti[63]1849185910
Han dynasty[64]202 BC220 AD422
Hephthalite Empire[65]440560120
Hittite Empire[66]1600 BC1178 BC422
Holy Roman Empire[67]800/96218061006/844
Hoysala Kingdom[68]10261343317
Hunnic Empire[69]37046999
Iberian Union[70]1580164060
Ilkhanate[58]1256133579
Inca Empire[71]14381572134
Italian Empire[72]1882196078
Empire of Japan[73]1868194779
Jin dynasty (266–420)[74]266420154
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)[75]11151234119
Jolof Empire[76]13501549199
Kaabu[77]15371867330
Kanem–Bornu Empire[78]c. 70018931193
Khmer Empire[79]8021431629
Khwarazmian Empire[80]10771231154
Kingdom of Georgia[81]10081490482
Kong Empire[82]17101898188
Korean Empire[83]1897191013
Kushan Empire[64]30345315
Kingdom of Kush[84]780 BC3501130
Latin Empire[85]1204126157
Liao dynasty[75]9071125218
Macedonia[86]808 BC148 BC660
Majapahit[87]12931527234
Mali Empire[77]12351670435
Maratha Confederacy[88]16741818144
Massina Empire[89]1820186242
Maurya Empire[45]321 BC185 BC136
Median Empire (disputed)[90]678 BC550 BC128
First Mexican Empire[91]182118232
Second Mexican Empire[92]186418673
Middle Assyrian Empire[93]1363 BC[93]1056 BC[93]307
Ming dynasty[94]13681644276
Mongol Empire[95]12061368162
Great Moravia[33]83390774
Mughal Empire[88]15261857331
Nanda Empire[96]345 BC321 BC24
Nazi Germany[97]1933194512
Kingdom of Nepal[98]17682008240
Neo-Assyrian Empire[99]911 BC[99]609 BC[99]302
Neo-Sumerian Empire[100]2112 BC2004 BC108
North Sea Empire[101]1013104229
Empire of Nicaea[81]1204126157
Odrysian kingdom[102]480 BC30 BC450
Omani Empire[103]16961856158
Ostrogothic Kingdom[104]49355360
Ottoman Empire[105]12991922623
Oyo Empire[106]13001896596
Pagan kingdom[107]8491287438
Pala Empire[108]7501161411
Palmyrene Empire[109]2702733
Parthian Empire[44]247 BC224471
Kingdom of Pontus[110]281 BC62342
Portuguese Empire[71]14151999584
Ptolemaic Kingdom[111]305 BC30 BC275
Purépecha Empire[112]13001530[113]230
Qara Khitai[114]1124121894
Qing dynasty[115]16441912268
Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)[116]17821932150
Roman Empire[69]27 BC395422
Rozvi Empire[117]16601866206
Russian Empire[42]17211917196
Safavid Iran[118]15011736235
Samo's Empire[119]63165827
Sasanian Empire[44]224651427
Samanid Empire[120]819999180
Seleucid Empire[121]312 BC63 BC249
Seljuk Empire[122]10371194157
Serbian Empire[123]1346137125
Shu Han[citation needed]22126342
Sikh Empire[124]1799184950
Singhasari[citation needed]1222129270
Song dynasty[75]9601279319
Songhai Empire[89]14641591127
Spanish Empire[71]14921976496
Shunga Empire[125]185 BC73 BC112
Sur Empire[126]1540155616
Swedish Empire[127]15231809286
Tang dynasty[94]618907289
Tây Sơn dynasty[citation needed]1778180224
Empire of Thessalonica[81]1224124218
Tibetan Empire[128]75584287
Timurid Empire[129]13701507137
Empire of Trebizond[81]12041461257
Toltec Empire[130]4961122626
Tuʻi Tonga Empire[131]9501865915
Tukulor Empire[132]1852189341
First Turkic Khaganate[133]551744193
Empire of Vietnam[134]March 1945August 19450 (5 Months)
Vijayanagara Empire[45]13361646310
Wari Empire[135]6001100500
Wassoulou Empire[136]1878189820
Western Chalukya Empire[137]9751184209
Western Roman Empire[69]39547681
Yuan dynasty[95]12601368108
Zhou dynasty[138]1046 BC256 BC790

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Colburn, Henry P. (2013)."Connectivity and Communication in the Achaemenid Empire".Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient.56 (1):29–52.ISSN 0022-4995.
  2. ^Pickett, James (2016)."Nadir Shah's Peculiar Central Asian Legacy: Empire, Conversion Narratives, and the Rise of New Scholarly Dynasties".International Journal of Middle East Studies.48 (3):491–510.ISSN 0020-7438.
  3. ^Gibbons, Ann (1993)."How the Akkadian Empire Was Hung Out to Dry".Science.261 (5124):985–985.ISSN 0036-8075.
  4. ^Wilks, Ivor (1957)."The Rise of the Akwamu Empire, 1650-1710".Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana.3 (2):25–62.ISSN 0855-3246.
  5. ^
  6. ^
  7. ^Hollister, C. Warren; Keefe, Thomas K. (1973)."The Making of the Angevin Empire".Journal of British Studies.12 (2):1–25.ISSN 0021-9371.
  8. ^abcWoods, John E. (1999).The Aqquyunlu Clan, Confederation, Empire. University of Utah Press. p. 10.ISBN 9780874805659.
  9. ^Bedoukian, Paul (1970)."A Coin of Tigranes the Great of Armenia, Struck in Commagene".The Numismatic Chronicle.10:19–22.ISSN 0078-2696.
  10. ^abMagill, Frank N. (2003).The Ancient World: Dictionary of World Biography. Routledge. p. 1180.ISBN 978-1-135-45740-2.
  11. ^Aidoo, Agnes A. (1977)."Order and Conflict in the Asante Empire: A Study in Interest Group Relations".African Studies Review.20 (1):1–36.doi:10.2307/523860.ISSN 0002-0206.
  12. ^Dwivedi, Gautam N. (1966)."The Date and Identity of Yasodharman-Visnuvardhana".Proceedings of the Indian History Congress.28:45–50.ISSN 2249-1937.
  13. ^Wargelin, Clifford F. (1997)."A High Price for Bread: The First Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and the Break-up of Austria-Hungary, 1917-1918".The International History Review.19 (4):757–788.ISSN 0707-5332.
  14. ^Auty, R. (1958)."The Linguistic Revival among the Slavs of the Austrian Empire, 1780-1850: The Role of Individuals in the Codification and Acceptance of New Literary Languages".The Modern Language Review.53 (3):392–404.doi:10.2307/3719062.ISSN 0026-7937.
  15. ^Szabados, György (2018)."Magyar – A Name for Persons, Places, Communities".The Hungarian Historical Review.7 (1):82–97.ISSN 2063-8647.
  16. ^Marcinkowski, M. Ismail (2002)."The Iranian-Siamese Connection: An Iranian Community in the Thai Kingdom of Ayutthaya".Iranian Studies.35 (1/3):23–46.ISSN 0021-0862.
  17. ^Smith, Michael E.; Berdan, Frances F. (1992)."Archaeology and the Aztec Empire".World Archaeology.23 (3):353–367.ISSN 0043-8243.
  18. ^Mallowan, Max (1972)."Cyrus the Great (558-529 B.C.)".Iran.10:1–17.doi:10.2307/4300460.ISSN 0578-6967.
  19. ^"Aliraqi - Babylonian Empire". Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved21 February 2015.
  20. ^"Babylonian Empire - Livius".
  21. ^Sandowicz, Małgorzata (2015)."More on the End of the Neo-Babylonian Empire".Journal of Near Eastern Studies.74 (2):197–210.doi:10.1086/682337.ISSN 0022-2968.
  22. ^Blier, Suzanne Preston (2004)."African Creation Myths as Political Strategy".African Arts.37 (1):39–94.ISSN 0001-9933.
  23. ^Stanard, Matthew G. (2014)."Belgium, the Congo, and Imperial Immobility: A Singular Empire and the Historiography of the Single Analytic Field".French Colonial History.15:87–110.doi:10.14321/frencolohist.15.2014.0087.ISSN 1539-3402.
  24. ^Akintoye, S. A. (1969)."The North-Eastern Yoruba Districts and the Benin Kingdom".Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria.4 (4):539–553.ISSN 0018-2540.
  25. ^Bethell, Leslie (2018),"Britain and Brazil (1808–1914)",Brazil: Essays on History and Politics, University of London Press, pp. 57–92,ISBN 978-1-908857-54-5, retrieved12 March 2025
  26. ^Tandon, Pankaj (2010)."Ancient Hoards".The Numismatic Chronicle.170:407–431.ISSN 0078-2696.
  27. ^Firth, C. H. (1918)."The British Empire".The Scottish Historical Review.15 (59):185–189.ISSN 0036-9241.
  28. ^Richards, John F. (2002)."Opium and the British Indian Empire: The Royal Commission of 1895".Modern Asian Studies.36 (2):375–420.ISSN 0026-749X.
  29. ^Hamzah, Abu Bakar (1989)."BRUNEI DARUSSALAM: Continuity and Tradition".Southeast Asian Affairs:91–104.ISSN 0377-5437.
  30. ^Setton, Kenneth M. (1950)."The Bulgars in the Balkans and the Occupation of Corinth in the Seventh Century".Speculum.25 (4):502–543.doi:10.2307/2849381.ISSN 0038-7134.
  31. ^Bogdanović, Jelena (2016), Bogdanović, Jelena; Christie, Jessica Joyce; Guzmán, Eulogio (eds.),"The Relational Spiritual Geopolitics of Constantinople, the Capital of the Byzantine Empire",Political Landscapes of Capital Cities, University Press of Colorado, pp. 97–154,ISBN 978-1-60732-468-3, retrieved13 March 2025
  32. ^abWolff, Robert Lee (1949)."The `Second Bulgarian Empire.' Its Origin and History to 1204".Speculum.24 (2):167–206.doi:10.2307/2848560.ISSN 0038-7134.
  33. ^abReuter, Timothy (1985)."Plunder and Tribute in the Carolingian Empire".Transactions of the Royal Historical Society.35:75–94.doi:10.2307/3679177.ISSN 0080-4401.
  34. ^Winterer, Caroline (2010)."Model Empire, Lost City: Ancient Carthage and the Science of Politics in Revolutionary America".The William and Mary Quarterly.67 (1):3–30.doi:10.5309/willmaryquar.67.1.3.ISSN 0043-5597.
  35. ^O'Toole, Thomas (1982).""Made in France": The Second Central African Republic".Proceedings of the Meeting of the French Colonial Historical Society.6/7:136–146.ISSN 0362-7055.
  36. ^Cutright, Robyn E. (2015)."Eating Empire in the Jequetepeque: A Local View of Chimú Expansion on the North Coast of Peru".Latin American Antiquity.26 (1):64–86.ISSN 1045-6635.
  37. ^Vanamamalai, N. (1974)."State and Religion in the Chola Empire: Taxation for Thanjavur Temple's Music and Dance".Social Scientist.3 (3):26–42.doi:10.2307/3516369.ISSN 0970-0293.
  38. ^Pritchard, David M. (2015)."Public Finance and War in Ancient Greece".Greece & Rome.62 (1):48–59.ISSN 0017-3835.
  39. ^Marquardt, Frank (2019).""Distinguishing ourselves from the other Religions": Confessional Conflicts and Their Influence on the Early Moravian Danish West Indies Mission".Journal of Moravian History.19 (2):133–155.doi:10.5325/jmorahist.19.2.0133.ISSN 1933-6632.
  40. ^Ahady, Anwar-ul-Haq (1995)."The Decline of the Pashtuns in Afghanistan".Asian Survey.35 (7):621–634.doi:10.2307/2645419.ISSN 0004-4687.
  41. ^Van Welie, Rik (2008)."Slave Trading and Slavery in the Dutch Colonial Empire: A Global Comparison".NWIG: New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids.82 (1/2):47–96.ISSN 1382-2373.
  42. ^abMiyawaki, Junko (1992)."The Chinggisid Principle in Russia".Russian History.19 (1/4):261–277.ISSN 0094-288X.
  43. ^Hamilton, Thomas J. (1944)."Spanish Dreams of Empire".Foreign Affairs.22 (3):458–468.doi:10.2307/20029841.ISSN 0015-7120.
  44. ^abcBrundage, Burr C. (1949)."The Ancient Near East as History".The American Historical Review.54 (3):530–547.doi:10.2307/1843006.ISSN 0002-8762.
  45. ^abcMcAlpin, David W. (1981)."Proto-Elamo-Dravidian: The Evidence and Its Implications".Transactions of the American Philosophical Society.71 (3):1–155.doi:10.2307/1006352.ISSN 0065-9746.
  46. ^Gebissa, Ezekiel (2002)."The Italian Invasion, the Ethiopian Empire, and Oromo Nationalism: The Significance of the Western Oromo Confederation of 1936".Northeast African Studies.9 (3):75–96.ISSN 0740-9133.
  47. ^Dwyer, Philip G. (2010)."Napoleon and the Foundation of the Empire".The Historical Journal.53 (2):339–358.ISSN 0018-246X.
  48. ^Schnerb, Robert (1936)."Napoleon III and the Second French Empire".The Journal of Modern History.8 (3):338–355.ISSN 0022-2801.
  49. ^Tate, H. R. (1940)."The French Colonial Empire".Journal of the Royal African Society.39 (157):322–330.ISSN 0368-4016.
  50. ^Hall, Kenneth R. (1984)."Small Asian Nations in the Shadow of the Large: Early Asian History through the Eyes of Southeast Asia".Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient.27 (1):56–88.doi:10.2307/3631937.ISSN 0022-4995.
  51. ^Drinkwater, J. F. (1974)."Coin Hoards and the Chronology of the Gallic Emperors".Britannia.5:293–302.doi:10.2307/525733.ISSN 0068-113X.
  52. ^Rodney, Walter (1971)."The Year 1895 in Southern Mozambique: African Resistance to the Imposition of European Colonial Rule".Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria.5 (4):509–536.ISSN 0018-2540.
  53. ^Henderson, W. O. (1935)."HISTORICAL REVISION: LXXIX.—The German Colonial Empire, 1884–1918".History.20 (78):151–158.ISSN 0018-2648.
  54. ^Berghahn, Volker R. (2002)."The German Empire, 1871-1914: Reflections on the Direction of Recent Research".Central European History.35 (1):75–81.ISSN 0008-9389.
  55. ^Goodwin, A. J. H. (1957)."The Medieval Empire of Ghana".The South African Archaeological Bulletin.12 (47):108–112.doi:10.2307/3886971.ISSN 0038-1969.
  56. ^Khan, Zahoor Ali (2000)."Afghanistan and Northwestern India in the Eleventh Century Mapping the Ghaznavid Empire".Proceedings of the Indian History Congress.61:262–266.ISSN 2249-1937.
  57. ^신형식 (2003).高句麗史 (in Korean). Ewha Womans University Press. p. 56.ISBN 978-8973005284. Retrieved12 September 2017.
  58. ^abHalperin, Charles J. (1983)."Russia in The Mongol Empire in Comparative Perspective".Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies.43 (1):239–261.doi:10.2307/2719023.ISSN 0073-0548.
  59. ^Swianiewicz, Stanisław (1982)."The University of Wilno in Historical Perspective".The Polish Review.27 (1/2):29–46.ISSN 0032-2970.
  60. ^Dwivedi, Gautam N. (1973)."The Western Limits of the Gupta Empire".Proceedings of the Indian History Congress.34:76–79.ISSN 2249-1937.
  61. ^Sked, Alan (1981)."Historians, the Nationality Question, and the Downfall of the Habsburg Empire".Transactions of the Royal Historical Society.31:175–193.doi:10.2307/3679051.ISSN 0080-4401.
  62. ^Getachew, Adom (2016)."Universalism After the Post-colonial Turn: Interpreting the Haitian Revolution".Political Theory.44 (6):821–845.ISSN 0090-5917.
  63. ^Baur, John E. (1949)."Faustin Soulouque, Emperor of Haiti His Character and His Reign".The Americas.6 (2):131–166.doi:10.2307/978436.ISSN 0003-1615.
  64. ^abLiu, Xinru (2001)."Migration and Settlement of the Yuezhi-Kushan: Interaction and Interdependence of Nomadic and Sedentary Societies".Journal of World History.12 (2):261–292.ISSN 1045-6007.
  65. ^Felföldi, Szabolcs (2001)."A Prominent Hephthalite: Katulph and the Fall of the Hephthalite Empire".Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae.54 (2/3):191–202.ISSN 0001-6446.
  66. ^"The Hittite Empire".The Old Testament Student.4 (5):227–228. 1885.ISSN 0190-5945.
  67. ^Wilson, Peter H. (2008)."Prussia's Relations with the Holy Roman Empire, 1740-1786".The Historical Journal.51 (2):337–371.ISSN 0018-246X.
  68. ^Kumar, B. Pandu (2006)."Agrarian System of the Hoysalas: As Depiction in the Inscriptions".Proceedings of the Indian History Congress.67:217–223.ISSN 2249-1937.
  69. ^abcHeather, Peter (1995)."The Huns and the End of the Roman Empire in Western Europe".The English Historical Review.110 (435):4–41.ISSN 0013-8266.
  70. ^Montcher, Fabien (2017)."Early Modern Bibliopolitics: From a Seventeenth-Century Roman-Iberian Perspective".Pacific Coast Philology.52 (2):206–218.doi:10.5325/pacicoasphil.52.2.0206.ISSN 0078-7469.
  71. ^abcBorucki, Alex; Eltis, David; Wheat, David (2015)."Atlantic History and the Slave Trade to Spanish America".The American Historical Review.120 (2):433–461.ISSN 0002-8762.
  72. ^Sbacchi, Alberto (1998)."The Archives of the Consolata Mission and the Formation of the Italian Empire, 1913-1943".History in Africa.25:319–340.doi:10.2307/3172192.ISSN 0361-5413.
  73. ^Yao, Tsun-Hsiung; Sun, Chu-Yu; Lin, Pin-Chang (2013)."Modern Design in Taiwan: The Japanese Period, 1895-1945".Design Issues.29 (3):38–51.ISSN 0747-9360.
  74. ^Corradini, Piero (2006)."The Barbarian States in North China".Central Asiatic Journal.50 (2):163–232.ISSN 0008-9192.
  75. ^abcKim, Alexander (2011)."On the Origin of the Jurchen People (A Study Based on Russian Sources)".Central Asiatic Journal.55 (2):165–176.ISSN 0008-9192.
  76. ^Elbl, Ivana (1991)."The Horse in Fifteenth-Century Senegambia".The International Journal of African Historical Studies.24 (1):85–110.doi:10.2307/220094.ISSN 0361-7882.
  77. ^abWright, Donald R. (1985)."Beyond Migration and Conquest: Oral Traditions and Mandinka Ethnicity in Senegambia".History in Africa.12:335–348.doi:10.2307/3171727.ISSN 0361-5413.
  78. ^Igboin, Benson Ohihon (2014)."Boko Haram Radicalism and National Insecurity: Beyond Normal Politics".Journal of Religion and Violence.2 (1):94–121.ISSN 2159-6808.
  79. ^Welch, David J. (1998)."Archaeology of Northeast Thailand in Relation to the Pre-Khmer and Khmer Historical Records".International Journal of Historical Archaeology.2 (3):205–233.ISSN 1092-7697.
  80. ^Farrokh, Kaveh; Khorasani, Manouchehr Moshtagh (2012)."The Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire: The fierce resistance of Jalal-e Din".Medieval Warfare.2 (3):43–49.ISSN 2211-5129.
  81. ^abcdEastmond, Antony (2003).""Local" Saints, Art, and Regional Identity in the Orthodox World after the Fourth Crusade".Speculum.78 (3):707–749.ISSN 0038-7134.
  82. ^Opasina, Oladapo Kayode (2016)."Traditional Institutions and the Challenge of Modernity in Nigeria and Côte D'ivoire".International Journal on World Peace.33 (2):43–75.ISSN 0742-3640.
  83. ^Kim, Nora Hui-Jung (2013)."Flexible Yet Inflexible: Development of Dual Citizenship in South Korea".The Journal of Korean Studies (1979-).18 (1):7–28.ISSN 0731-1613.
  84. ^Burstein, Stanley M. (2008)."When Greek Was an African Language: The Role of Greek Culture in Ancient and Medieval Nubia".Journal of World History.19 (1):41–61.ISSN 1045-6007.
  85. ^Lee Wolff, Robert (1944)."The Latin Empire of Constantinople and the Franciscans".Traditio.2:213–237.ISSN 0362-1529.
  86. ^Willi, Andreas (2009)."Whose is Macedonia, Whose is Alexander?".The Classical Journal.105 (1):59–64.doi:10.5184/00098353.105.1.59.ISSN 0009-8353.
  87. ^Noorduyn, J. (1978)."Majapahit in the Fifteenth Century".Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde.134 (2/3):207–274.ISSN 0006-2294.
  88. ^abGordon, Stewart N. (1977)."The Slow Conquest: Administrative Integration of Malwa into the Maratha Empire, 1720—1760".Modern Asian Studies.11 (1):1–40.ISSN 0026-749X.
  89. ^abBaldaro, Edoardo (2021)."Rashomon in the Sahel: Conflict dynamics of security regionalism".Security Dialogue.52 (3):266–283.ISSN 0967-0106.
  90. ^Balcer, Jack Martin (1994)."Herodotus, the 'Early State,' and Lydia".Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte.43 (2):246–249.ISSN 0018-2311.
  91. ^Buttrey, Theodore V. (1967)."Central America Under the Mexican Empire, 1822-1823".Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society).13:231–250.ISSN 0145-1413.
  92. ^Pruonto, David (2012)."Did the Second Mexican Empire under Maximilian of Habsburg (1864–1867) have an 'Austrian Face'?".Austrian Studies.20:96–111.doi:10.5699/austrianstudies.20.2012.0096.ISSN 1350-7532.
  93. ^abcJr, K. Lawson Younger (2016).A Political History of the Arameans: From Their Origins to the End of Their Polities. SBL Press. p. 150.ISBN 978-1-62837-084-3.
  94. ^abChang, Yusuf (1988)."The Ming Empire: Patron of Islam in China and Southeast-West Asia".Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.61 (2 (255)):1–44.ISSN 0126-7353.
  95. ^abHammers, Roslyn Lee (2015).""Khubilai Khan Hunting": Tribute to the Great Khan".Artibus Asiae.75 (1):5–44.ISSN 0004-3648.
  96. ^Narain, A. K. (1965)."Alexander and India".Greece & Rome.12 (2):155–165.ISSN 0017-3835.
  97. ^Dukes, Paul; Hiden, John W. (1979)."Towards an Historical Comparison of Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia in the 1930s".New Zealand Slavonic Journal (1):45–77.ISSN 0028-8683.
  98. ^Ghori, Karamatullah Khan (1964)."Nepal and Its Neighbours".Pakistan Horizon.17 (4):368–384.ISSN 0030-980X.
  99. ^abc"Neo-Assyrian".The Art Institute of Chicago. Retrieved19 May 2025.
  100. ^Sasson, Jack M. (1966)."A Sketch of North Syrian Economic Relations in the Middle Bronze Age".Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient.9 (3):161–181.doi:10.2307/3595941.ISSN 0022-4995.
  101. ^Scheel, Roland (2017), Scholl, Christian; Gebhardt, Torben R.; Clauß, Jan (eds.),"Byzantium – Rome – Denmark – Iceland: Dealing with Imperial Concepts in the North",Transcultural Approaches to the Concept of Imperial Rule in the Middle Ages, Peter Lang AG, pp. 245–294,ISBN 978-3-631-66219-9, retrieved14 March 2025
  102. ^Mattingly, Harold B. (1961)."The Athenian Coinage Decree".Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte.10 (2):148–188.ISSN 0018-2311.
  103. ^El-Ashban, Abdul Aziz (1979)."The Formation of the Omani Trading Empire under the Ya'aribah Dynasty (1624-1719)".Arab Studies Quarterly.1 (4):354–371.ISSN 0271-3519.
  104. ^Nickel, Helmut (1973)."The Dawn of Chivalry".The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin.32 (5):150–152.doi:10.2307/3269236.ISSN 0026-1521.
  105. ^Davies, Siriol; Davis, Jack L. (2007)."Greeks, Venice, and the Ottoman Empire".Hesperia Supplements.40:25–31.ISSN 1064-1173.
  106. ^Monroe, J. Cameron (2011)."Urbanism on West Africa's Slave Coast: Archaeology sheds new light on cities in the era of the Atlantic slave trade".American Scientist.99 (5):400–409.ISSN 0003-0996.
  107. ^Aung-Thwin, Michael (1985),"The Decline of Pagan",Pagan, The Origins of Modern Burma, University of Hawai'i Press, pp. 182–199,ISBN 978-0-8248-0960-7, retrieved14 March 2025
  108. ^Laha, Monalisa (2015)."Some Selected Buddhist Monastries as Centres of Learning of the Pala Period".Proceedings of the Indian History Congress.76:141–149.ISSN 2249-1937.
  109. ^Bergstein, Mary (2016)."Palmyra and Palmyra: Look On These Stones, Ye Mighty, And Despair".Arion: A Journal of Humanities and the Classics.24 (2):13–38.doi:10.2307/arion.24.2.0013.ISSN 0095-5809.
  110. ^Toumanoff, Cyril (1959)."INTRODUCTION TO CHRISTIAN CAUCASIAN HISTORY The Formative Centuries (IVth-VIIIth)".Traditio.15:1–106.ISSN 0362-1529.
  111. ^Johnson, Carl Garth (2002).""Ogis" 98 and the Divinization of the Ptolemies".Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte.51 (1):112–116.ISSN 0018-2311.
  112. ^Fisher, Christopher T.; Cohen, Anna S.; Solinis-Casparius, Rodrigo; Pezzutti, Florencia L.; Bush, Jason; Forest, Marion; Torvinen, Andrea (2019)."A Typology of Ancient Purépecha (Tarascan) Architecture from Angamuco, Michoacán, Mexico".Latin American Antiquity.30 (3):510–528.ISSN 1045-6635.
  113. ^Relación de Michoacán, complete text(in Spanish)
  114. ^Biran, Michal (2013)."Unearthing the Liao Dynasty's Relations with the Muslim World: Migrations, Diplomacy, Commerce, and Mutual Perceptions".Journal of Song-Yuan Studies.43:221–251.ISSN 1059-3152.
  115. ^Zhao, Gang (2006)."Reinventing China: Imperial Qing Ideology and the Rise of Modern Chinese National Identity in the Early Twentieth Century".Modern China.32 (1):3–30.ISSN 0097-7004.
  116. ^Hirshfield, Claire; Hirschfield, C. (1968)."The Struggle for the Mekong Banks 1892-1896".Journal of Southeast Asian History.9 (1):25–52.ISSN 0217-7811.
  117. ^Mudenge, S. I. (1974)."The Role of Foreign Trade in the Rozvi Empire: A Reappraisal".The Journal of African History.15 (3):373–391.ISSN 0021-8537.
  118. ^Grigoriadis, Theocharis N. (2013)."Compromising Islam with Empire: Bureaucracy and Class in Safavid Iran".Iran & the Caucasus.17 (4):371–382.ISSN 1609-8498.
  119. ^Radl, Otto (1944)."Development of Czechoslovak Nationalism".The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.232:61–70.ISSN 0002-7162.
  120. ^Peck, Elsie Holmes (1978)."Decorative Arts from Persia".Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts.56 (3):185–192.ISSN 0011-9636.
  121. ^Fischer-Bovet, C. (2015)."Social Unrest and Ethnic Coexistence in Ptolemaic Egypt and the Seleucid Empire".Past & Present (229):3–45.ISSN 0031-2746.
  122. ^Beihammer, Alexander D. (2011)."Defection across the Border of Islam and Christianity: Apostasy and Cross-Cultural Interaction in Byzantine-Seljuk Relations".Speculum.86 (3):597–651.ISSN 0038-7134.
  123. ^Hammel, E. A. (1997)."Ethnicity and Politics: Yugoslav Lessons for Home".Anthropology Today.13 (3):5–9.doi:10.2307/2783131.ISSN 0268-540X.
  124. ^Singh, Kanika (2014)."History Paintings in Sikh Museums".Proceedings of the Indian History Congress.75:1377–1382.ISSN 2249-1937.
  125. ^Gokmen, Gunes; Vermeulen, Wessel N.; Vézina, Pierre-Louis (2020)."The imperial roots of global trade".Journal of Economic Growth.25 (1):87–145.ISSN 1381-4338.
  126. ^Khan, Iqtidar Alam (1983)."AHMADNAGAR AND THE SUR EMPIRE, 1537 to 1553- A STUDY OF CONTEMPORARY DOCUMENTS".Proceedings of the Indian History Congress.44:176–188.ISSN 2249-1937.
  127. ^Murray, John J. (1944)."Scania and the End of the Northern Alliance (1716)".The Journal of Modern History.16 (2):81–92.ISSN 0022-2801.
  128. ^Hoffmann, Helmut H. R. (1970)."Tibetan Historiography and the Approach of the Tibetans to History".Journal of Asian History.4 (2):169–177.ISSN 0021-910X.
  129. ^Halperin, Charles J. (2000)."The Missing Golden Horde Chronicles and Historiography in the Mongol Empire".Mongolian Studies.23:1–15.ISSN 0190-3667.
  130. ^Healan, Dan M. (1993)."Local versus Non-Local Obsidian Exchange at Tula and Its Implications for Post-Formative Mesoamerica".World Archaeology.24 (3):449–466.ISSN 0043-8243.
  131. ^Māhina, 'Okusitino (1993)."The Poetics of Tongan Traditional History, "Tala-ē-fonua": An Ecology-Centred Concept of Culture and History".The Journal of Pacific History.28 (1):109–121.ISSN 0022-3344.
  132. ^Ọlọruntimẹhin, B. Ọlatunji (1968)."Resistance Movements in the Tukulor Empire".Cahiers d'Études Africaines.8 (29):123–143.ISSN 0008-0055.
  133. ^Crossley, Pamela Kyle (2016)."The Imaginal Bond of "Empire" and "Civilization" in Eurasian History".Verge: Studies in Global Asias.2 (2):84–114.doi:10.5749/vergstudglobasia.2.2.0084.ISSN 2373-5058.
  134. ^Chieu, Vu Ngu (1986)."The Other Side of the 1945 Vietnamese Revolution: The Empire of Viet-Nam (March-August 1945)".The Journal of Asian Studies.45 (2):293–328.doi:10.2307/2055845.ISSN 0021-9118.
  135. ^Tung, Tiffiny A.; Knudson, Kelly J. (2010)."Childhood Lost: Abductions, Sacrifice, and Trophy Heads of Children in the Wari Empire of the Ancient Andes".Latin American Antiquity.21 (1):44–66.ISSN 1045-6635.
  136. ^Mfum-Mensah, Obed (2025),"Framing "Organized Infantilism" and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa",Colonial Intervention and Destabilization of African Identities, Contours of Trusteeship and Organized Infantilism in Sub-Saharan Africa, vol. 1 (1 ed.), Berghahn Books, pp. 34–47,ISBN 978-1-80539-843-1, retrieved15 March 2025
  137. ^Bhargava, Piyush (2011)."Western Chalukya Temple Architecture "the Kalyani Chalukyan Style"".Proceedings of the Indian History Congress.72:1523–1524.ISSN 2249-1937.
  138. ^Lai Pik, Chan (2011)."JADE SPIDERS AND PRAYING MANTISES OF THE WESTERN ZHOU DYNASTY: Reconstructing an Ancient Cultural Mindset".Ars Orientalis.41:165–185.ISSN 0571-1371.

External links

[edit]
Ancient
(colonies)
Post-classical
Modern
Colonial
Lists
Miscellaneous
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_empires&oldid=1311225111"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp