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List of emerging technologies

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
New technologies actively in development
This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.

This is alist of emerging technologies, which arein-development technical innovations that have significant potential in their applications. The criteria for this list is that the technology must:

  1. Exist in some way; purelyhypothetical technologies cannot be considered emerging and should be covered in thelist of hypothetical technologies instead. However, technologies being actively researched and prototyped are acceptable.
  2. Have a Wikipedia article or adjacent citation covering them.
  3. Not be widely used yet. Mainstream or extensively commercialized technologies can no longer be considered emerging.

Listing here is not a prediction that the technology will become widely adopted, only a recognition of significantpotential to become widely adopted or highly useful if ongoing work continues, is successful, and the work is not overtaken by other technologies.

Agriculture

[edit]
Emerging technologyStatusPotential applicationsRelated articles
Agricultural robotics[1][2]Research and development, trial projectsAutomation ofagricultureAgricultural drone
Closed ecological systemsResearch and development,[3][4][5] working demonstrators (e.g.Biosphere 2)Agriculture, scientific research,space colonizationGreenhouse,Eden Project,Bioshelter,Seawater greenhouse
Cultured meatResearch and development, trials[6][7]Humane, resource-efficient, healthier, and cheaper meat[7]New Harvest
Atmospheric water generator[8]Working prototypeAgriculture insemi-arid landDesorption
Vertical farmingResearch, development, experiments, and diffusion[9][10][11]Space-efficient farming and space travel applications[10]

Construction

[edit]
Emerging technologyStatusPotential applicationsRelated articles
Active structureResearch, development, commercializationAdaptive structures that respond to different conditions, or supermassive buildings and infrastructure (e.g.space fountains)
ArcologyResearch, development, commercialization
Domed cityPlanned feature forMall of the World[12][13][14]Weather-controlled city,colonization of other celestial bodies
EarthscraperDemonstration

Economy

[edit]
Emerging technologyStatusPotential applicationsRelated articles
CryptocurrencyDiffusionPayment,Digital currencyBitcoin,Ethereum
Digital walletDiffusionPayment,Digital currencyGoogle pay,Apple Pay
CBDCDiffusionPayment,Digital currencyDigital Rupee,Digital Euro

Electronics, IT, and communications

[edit]
Emerging technologyStatusPotential applicationsRelated articles
6G cellular communications[15][16]ConceptualMobile phones
Artificial general intelligenceHypothetical, experiments[17][18][19]Creating intelligent devices androbots; AI can counsel (or even take charge) in scientific projects, government, army, corporate governance, film and books creation, inventions etc.Progress in artificial intelligence,technological singularity,applications of artificial intelligence
BiometricsDiffusion, commercialization
BlockchainDiffusion, commercializationFinance,digital currency,identity (social science),Web3.0,Smart contractsBitcoin,Ethereum
Carbon nanotube field-effect transistorResearch and developmentFuture miniaturization of transistors
Cashierless storeLimited commercialization
Civic technologyResearch and development, projectsSmart cities, more responsive governmentSmart city,e-democracy,open data,intelligent environment
Digital scent technologyDiffusionSmell-O-Vision,iSmell
DNA digital data storageExperimentsMass data storage
Electronic noseResearch, limited commercialization[20][21]Detectingspoiled food,chemical weapons, and cancer
Emerging memory technologies

(T-RAM,CBRAM,SONOS,RRAM,racetrack memory,NRAM,phase-change memory,FJG RAM,millipede memory,Skyrmion,programmable metallization cell,ferroelectric RAM,magnetoresistive RAM,nvSRAM)

In development
Emerging magnetic data storage technologies

(SMR,HAMR,BPM,MAMR,TDMR,CPP/GMR,PMR,hard disk drive)

In development (HAMR,BPM); diffusion (SMR)Greatly improved storage density compared to current HDDs, can be combined
5D optical data storageResearch, prototypesExtremely compact, long-lasting information storage
E-textilesResearch, diffusion[22]Wearable technology
Exascale computingProjects
ExocortexDiffusion of primitive amplifications; working prototypes of more; Hypothetical, experiments on more substantial amplification
Flexible electronicsResearch, development, prototypes, limited commercialization (e.g.Samsung Galaxy Fold)Flexible and/or foldable electronic devices, and flexiblesolar cells which are lightweight, can be rolled up for launch, and are easily deployableNokia Morph,Flexible organic light-emitting diode
Fourth-generation optical discs (3D optical data storage,Holographic data storage)Research, prototyping[23]Storing and archiving data previously erased for economic reasonsBlu-ray Disc,Optical storage
Li-FiDemos, requires standardizationLaser communication in space
Machine visionResearch, prototyping, commercialization[24]Biometrics, controlling processes (e.g., indriverless car,automated guided vehicle), detecting events (e.g., in visualsurveillance), interaction (e.g., inhuman–computer interaction), robot visionComputer vision,pattern recognition,digital image processing
MagnonicsResearchData storage
MemristorWorking prototype[25][26]Smaller, faster, more energy-efficientstorage,analogue electronics,programmable logic,[27]signal processing,[28]neural networks,[29]control systems,[30]reconfigurable computing,[31]brain–computer interfaces,[32]RFID,[33] andpattern recognition[34]
MetaverseExperimentsVirtual reality,Augmented reality
Molecular electronicsResearch and development
Multimodal contactless biometric face/iris systemsDeployed at various airports and federal security checkpoints[35]Unimodal facial recognition scanners
Nanoelectromechanical systemsResearch and development
NanoradioResearch and development, diffusion
Neuromorphic engineeringResearch and development
Optical computingHypothetical, experiments; some components of integrated circuits have been developed[36]Smaller, faster, lower power consuming computing
Quantum computingExperiments,[37] commercialization,[38] early diffusionMuch faster computing for some kinds of problems, chemical modeling, new materials with programmed properties, Hypothetical ofhigh-temperature superconductivity andsuperfluidity
Quantum cryptographyCommercialization[39]Secure communications
Quantum radarPrototypes
Radio-frequency identificationDiffusion of high cost[40][41][42]Smartstores – RFID-basedself-checkout (keeping track of all incoming and outgoing products),food packaging, smart shelves, smart carts. See:potential uses
Software-defined radioDevelopment, commercializationCognitive radio,Mesh networks,Software defined antennaGNU Radio,List of software-defined radios,Universal Software Radio Peripheral
Solid-state transformerDevelopment, prototypes
Speech recognitionResearch, development, commercialization
SpintronicsWorking prototypes[43]Data storage, computing devices
Subvocal recognitionResearch, development, commercialization
Thermal copper pillar bumpWorking prototypes in discrete devicesElectric circuit cooling, micro-fluidicactuators,thermoelectric power generationUltra high definition holographic disc,Metal–insulator transition
Three-dimensional integrated circuitDevelopment, commercializationMemory and data processing
TwistronicsDevelopment

Entertainment

[edit]
Emerging technologyStatusPotential applicationsRelated articles
4D FilmCommercializationFilms
Cloud gamingCommercializationHandheld game consoles,Mobile gaming,Real-time ray-tracingGoogle Stadia,GeForce Now
Immersive virtual realityHypothetical, limited commercializationAn artificial environment where the user feels just as immersed as they usually feel in conscious reality.Virtusphere,3rd Space Vest,haptic suit,immersive technology,simulated reality,holodeck (fictional)
Synthetic mediaResearch and developmentFilms, photosDeepfake,StyleGAN,DeepDream,DALL-E,Stable Diffusion,Sora

Optoelectronics

[edit]
Emerging technologyStatusPotential applicationsRelated articles
Laser video displayLimited commercialization (e.g. Mitsubishi LaserVue TV in 2008)Displays with a very wide colourgamutLaser TV,Comparison of display technology
Holography (holographic display,computer-generated holography)Diffusion[44][45][46][47]
Optical transistorSome prototypes
Screenless display (Virtual retinal display,Bionic contact lens,Augmented reality,Virtual reality)ExperimentsVirtual tools and entertainment in a real-world environment, aids for thevisually impairedHead-mounted display,Head-up display,Adaptive optics,EyeTap,Google Glass,Microsoft HoloLens,AR cloud[48]
Volumetric (3D) displayResearch, working prototypes, commercialization[49]Television,computer interfaces,cinemas, 3-dimensional imageryAutostereoscopic display,stereoscopic display,volumetric display,Holographic display,Light Field display,Nintendo 3DS,Swept-volume display

Energy

[edit]
Emerging technologyStatusPotential applicationsRelated articles
Airborne wind turbineResearch[50][51][52]Wind power generation at higher altitudes, increasing efficiencyKiteGen
Americium batteryEstimated working prototype in 5–10 years from 2019[53]Energy storage
Artificial photosynthesisResearch, experiments,[54] growing interest in a macroscience global project[55]Photosynthesis-like energy and oxygen production from artificial structuresSustainocene,Renewable energy,Nanotechnology
Concentrated solar powerGrowing markets in California, Spain, Northern Africa[56]Electricity generationDESERTEC,BrightSource Energy,Solar Millennium
Double-layer capacitorDiffusion, continued development[57]Faster-charging, longer-lasting, more flexible, greener energy storage (e.g. forregenerative braking)
Energy harvestingExperimentsConstant energy source for mobile, wearable and ubiquitous devicesHumavox
Flywheel energy storageLimited commercializationEnergy storage
Fusion powerResearch, experimentsElectricity and heat generation,fusion torch recycling with waste heatITER,NIF,Wendelstein 7-X,Magnetic confinement fusion,Dense plasma focus,Muon-catalyzed fusion
Generation IV nuclear reactorResearch, experimentsElectricity and heat generation, transmutation of nuclear waste stockpiles from traditional reactors
Gravity batterySmall-scale examplesEnergy storage
Home fuel cellResearch, commercialization[58][59][60]Off-the-grid, producing electricity in using an environmentally friendly fuel as a backup during long term power failures.Autonomous building,Bloom Energy Server
Lithium–air batteryResearch, experiments[61]Laptops, mobile phones, long-rangeelectric cars; storing energy forelectric grid
Lithium iron phosphate batteryCommercializationEnergy storage
Lithium–sulfur batteryResearch and developmentEnergy storage
Magnesium batteryEarly commercializationEnergy storage
Molten salt reactorResearch, experimentsElectricity and heat generation
Nanowire batteryExperiments, prototypes[62][63]Laptops, mobile phones, long-rangeelectric cars; storing energy forelectric grid
NantennaResearch[64][65][66]Electricity generation
Ocean thermal energy conversionPrototypeElectricity generation
Solid-state batteryNiche usesReliable, power-dense energy storage (particularly for electric cars andwearable technology)
Smart gridResearch, diffusion[67][68][69]Advancedgrid power managementSmart meter,SuperSmart Grid
Space-based solar powerEarly researchElectricity generation
Thorium nuclear fuel cycleResearch started in the 1960s, still ongoingElectricity and heat generation
Vortex enginePower generation
Wireless energy transferPrototypes, diffusion, short range consumer products[70][71]Wirelessly powered equipment: laptop, cell phones, electric cars, etc.WiTricity,resonant inductive coupling
Zero-energy buildingExpansionEnergy-efficient homesPassive house

Materials and textiles

[edit]
Emerging technologyStatusPotential applicationsRelated articles
4D printingResearch and development
AerogelHypothetical, experiments, diffusion, early uses[72]Improvedthermal insulation (forpipelines,aerospace, etc.), as well as insulative "glass" if it can be made clear
Amorphous metalExperiments, use inamorphous metal transformersArmor, implants
BioplasticLimited commercialization (e.g.polylactic acid in3D printing)Disposable packaging and single-use items
Conductive polymersResearch, experiments, prototypesLighter and cheaperwires, antistatic materials,organic solar cellsJacquard weaving
Cryogenic treatmentResearch, experiments, prototypesSignificantly stronger metal components
Edible packagingDiffusionBiodegradable alternatives to plastic
Electric armourPrototypesBetter protection forwarships andarmoured fighting vehicles fromshaped charge weapons
FullereneExperiments, diffusionProgrammable matter
GrapheneHypothetical, experiments, diffusion, early uses[73][74]Higher-specific strength structural components, higher-frequencytransistors, lower-costmobiledisplays,automotivehydrogen storage,biosensors,[75] more efficientbatteries[76]
Lab-on-a-chipLimited commercializationMore efficient laboratory analysis
High-temperature superconductivityCryogenic receiver front-end (CRFE)RF and microwave filter systems for mobile phone base stations; prototypes indry ice; experiments for lower temperatures[77]No-loss conductors, frictionless bearings,magnetic levitation, losslesshigh-capacity accumulators,electric cars, heat-freeintegrated circuits
Magnetic nanoparticlesDevelopmentCancer treatment,[78][79]wastewater treatment[80]
Magnetorheological fluidResearch and development, limitedmagnetorheological damping applicationsSeismic damping forearthquake resistanceElectrorheological fluid
MicrofluidicsResearch and development
High-temperature superfluiditySuperfluid gyroscopes exist but work at very low temperaturesHigh-precision measure of gravity, navigation and maneuver devices, possible devices to emitgravitomagnetic field, frictionless mechanical devices
MetamaterialsHypothetical, experiments, diffusion[81]Microscopes,cameras,metamaterial cloaking,cloaking devices
Metal foamResearch, limited commercializationSpace colonies, floating cities
Multi-function structures[82]Hypothetical, experiments, some prototypes, few commercialWide range of applications (e.g. self-health monitoring,self-healing materials)
Nanomaterials:carbon nanotubesHypothetical, experiments, diffusion, early uses[83][84]Higher-specific strength structural componentsPotential applications of carbon nanotubes,Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers
Quantum dotResearch, experiments, prototypes,[85] commercialization[citation needed]Quantum dot lasers,quantum dot displays, fasterdata communication, laserscalpels
Self-healing materialsResearch, experimentsInfrastructure, robotics, biotech
SiliceneEarly researchNanoscale electronics
SuperalloyResearch, diffusionSignificantly stronger metal components (particularly in aircraft jet engines)
Synthetic diamondResearch, commercializationElectronics
Time crystalResearch experiments[86]Quantum computers with stablequbits
Translucent concreteCommercializationConstruction of buildings and sculptures (e.g.Europe Gate)

Medicine

[edit]
Emerging technologyStatusPotential applicationsRelated articles
Artificial uterusResearch, experimentsSpace travel, extracorporeal pregnancy,reprogenetics,same-sex procreation
Body implant,prosthesisTrials, from animal (e.g.,brain implants) to human clinical (e.g.,insulin pump implant), to commercial production (e.g.pacemaker,joint replacement,cochlear implant)Brain implant,retinal implantProsthetics,prosthetics in fiction,cyborg
CryonicsHypothetical, research, commercialization (e.g.Alcor,Cryonics Institute)Life extension
De-extinctionResearch, development, trialsAnimal husbandry, pets, zoosRevival of the woolly mammoth
Electronic medical recordsDeploymentReplacing paper medical records
HumanDNA vaccination andmRNA vaccinationImplementation in 2021 to combat theCOVID-19 pandemicDisease vaccinations, cancer therapy
EnzybioticsSuccessful first trials
Genetic engineering of organisms and virusesResearch, development, commercialization[87][88]Creating and modifyingspecies (mainly improving their physical and mental capabilities), bio-machines, eliminating genetic disorders (gene therapy), new materials production,[89] healthier and cheaper food, creating drugs and vaccines,research in natural sciences,bioremediation,[90] detecting arsenic,[91]CO2 reducing superplant,[92]Biopunk,Genetically modified food,superhuman,human enhancement,transhumanism,gene doping,designer baby,genetic pollution
Hibernation orsuspended animationResearch, development, animal trials[93]Organ transplantation,space travel, prolonged surgery, emergency care
Life extension,strategies for engineered negligible senescenceResearch, experiments, animal testing[94][95]Increased life spansImmortality,biological immortality
NanomedicineResearch, experiments, limited use[96][97]
NanosensorsResearch and development
Omni ProcessorResearch and development; some prototypes
Oncolytic virusHuman trials (Talimogene laherparepvec,reolysin,JX-594), commercialisation (H101)Cancer therapy, imagingOncolytic virus
Personalized medicine,full genome sequencingResearch, experiments[98]Personalized medical procedures, genome sequencing during drug trialsPersonal genomics
Phage therapyFirst trial uses
PlantibodyClinical trials
Regenerative medicineSome laboratory trials[99]Life extension
Robotic surgeryResearch,diffusion[100][101][102]
SenolyticUnder investigation
Stem cell treatmentsResearch, experiments, phase I human trial spinal cord injury treatment (GERON), cultured cornea transplants[103][104]Treatment for a wide range of diseases and injuriesStem cell,stem cell treatments
Synthetic biology,synthetic genomicsResearch, development, first synthetic bacteria created May 2010[105][106]Infinitely scalable production processes based on programmablespecies of bacteria and other life formsBioBrick,iGEM,synthetic genomics
Tissue engineeringResearch, diffusion[107][108][109][110]Organ printing,tooth regeneration
TricorderResearch and developmentDiagnosing medical conditionsMedical tricorder
VirotherapyResearch, human trialsGene therapy, cancer therapyVirotherapy,Oncolytic Virus
Vitrification orcryoprotectantResearch, some experiments[111]Organ transplantation,cryonics

Neuroscience

[edit]
Emerging technologyStatusPotential applicationsRelated articles
Artificial brainResearch[24]Treatment of neurological disease,artificial intelligenceBlue Brain Project,Human Brain Project
Brain–computer interfaceResearch and commercializationFastercommunication andlearning, as well as more "real"entertainment (generation of feelings and information in brain on-demand) and the control of emotions in the mentally ill[112]Experience machine,Neuralink,Stent-electrode recording array
Brain-reading,neuroinformaticsResearch[113][114]
ElectroencephalographyResearch, diffusion[115]Controlling electronic devices via brain wavesBrainGate
Head transplantSuccess inanimal experiments, including 2-headed resultTreatment of debilitating diseases or severedisfigurementBrain transplant,hand transplantation,organ transplantation
Memory erasureHypothetical, researchTreatment ofpost-traumatic stress disorder
NeuroprostheticsResearch, animal trialsVisual prosthesis,brain implant,exocortex,retinal implant,neurograin[116]
Wetware computerExperimentation[117]Artificial Intelligence, better understanding of neurons

Military

[edit]
Emerging technologyStatusPotential applicationsRelated articles
Caseless ammunitionField tests and limited commercializationLighter and cheaperammunition; the lack of a case may also simplify the design of firearmsLightweight Small Arms Technologies
Cloaking deviceSuccessful experiments cloaking small objects under some conditions[118]StealthMetamaterial cloaking
Directed-energy weaponResearch, development, some prototypes[119]Laser Weapon System,Iron Beam
ElectrolaserResearch and development
Electrothermal-chemical technologyResearch and developmentTank, artillery, and close-in weapon systems
Force fieldHypothetical, experiments[120]Military and law enforcement, space travelPlasma window
Green bulletDevelopmentEnvironment-friendly ammunition
Hypersonic cruise missileDevelopmentAvangard,Kinzhal,Zircon,BrahMos-II,Prompt Global Strike,DARPA Falcon Project,DF-ZF,Boeing X-51 Waverider
Laser weaponResearch and development, trialsTracking and destruction of rockets, bombs, drones etc.[121]Advanced Tactical Laser,High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System
MAHEMResearch and developmentA formed penetrator using molten metal in place of self-forging explosivesExplosively pumped flux compression generator
Precision-guided firearmResearch and developmentIncreased accuracy bymarksmenEXACTO,Smart bullet,TrackingPoint,SMASH Handheld
RailgunResearch and development[122][123]Cheaper and saferammunitionCoilgun
Stealth technologyResearch, development, commercializationElectronic countermeasuresPlasma stealth,Stealth aircraft,Radar-absorbent material
Telescoped ammunitionResearch and developmentMore compactcartridges
Lightweight Small Arms TechnologiesResearch and development

Space

[edit]
Emerging technologyStatusPotential applicationsRelated articles
Artificial gravityResearch and developmentSpace travelSpin gravity
Asteroid miningConceptual; NASA has announced plans to capture and redirect an asteroid[124]Commerce, resource supply
Field propulsionVaries by subtype; some in production/spaceflight status; some theoretical.Reduction of propellant requirements; orbital maneuvering; long-duration interplanetary and interstellar missionsElectrodynamic tether,Electrodeless plasma thruster,Laser propulsion
Inflatable space habitatDevelopment, prototypes built and testedSpace habitatsBigelow Aerospace
Reusable launch vehicleCommercialCircumvention of the cost ofexpendable launch vehicles outside of national government or military missionsReusable launch vehicle
StarshotResearchUncrewed interstellar probes[125]
Stasis chamberResearch and development, experiments[126]Interplanetary space travel, interstellar space travel, medical

Robotics

[edit]
Emerging technologyStatusPotential applicationsRelated articles
Android,gynoidResearch, development, prototypes, diffusion, commercializing[127]Disabled, infant and older people care, housekeeping, sex-worker, flight-attendant,model, hostess, waiter, security guardTesla bot,Atlas,Figure AI
GastrobotPrototypesRobots fuelled by digesting organic matter
Molecular nanotechnology,nanoroboticsHypothetical, experiments[128]Machines that can make anything given the materials, cheap planetaryterraforming
Powered exoskeletonResearch, development, prototypes, diffusion, commercializing[129]Heavy lifting,paralysis, muscle-related diseases, warfare,construction,firefighting, care for theelderly anddisabledLOPES (exoskeleton),ReWalk,Human Universal Load Carrier, fictionalarmorIron Man's armor,Future Force Warrior
Self-reconfiguring modular robotHypothetical, experiments, early prototypesAs a universal physical machine, SRCMR may change the way many physical structures and machines are madeRobot,swarm robotics,autonomous research robot
Swarm roboticsHypothetical, experiments[130]Autonomous construction, space constructionSwarm intelligence,autonomous robotics,nanorobotics,particle swarm optimization,multi-agent systems,behavior-based robotics
Uncrewed vehicleResearch and development, diffusion, commercialTransport of goods,surveillance,oceanography, wildfire mapping, pipeline security,home security, anti-piracy,border control, pursuing criminals, oil, gas and mineral exploration and production, geophysical and geomagnetic surveys, exploration of hazardous areas, firefighting,[131] military and peacekeeping operations,search and rescue,bomb disposal,police raidsUnmanned aerial vehicle,AeroVironment,AeroVironment Global Observer,AeroVironment Nano Hummingbird,Unmanned combat air vehicle,Unmanned ground vehicle,Unmanned space vehicle,Unmanned surface vehicle,Unmanned underwater vehicle,Autonomous underwater vehicle

Transport

[edit]
Emerging technologyStatusPotential applicationsRelated articles
Airless tireResearch, development, early prototypes[132][133]Safer tiresTweel
Atmospheric satelliteExperimentationMore widespread communications
Autonomous Rail Rapid TransitCommercialization, diffusionReducingair pollution, decreasingoil consumptionElectric vehicle
Flexible wings (X-53 Active Aeroelastic Wing,Adaptive Compliant Wing),fluidic flight controlsExperiments, prototypes[134][135][136][137][138]Controlling aircraft, shipsAircraft flight control system,BAE Systems Demon,fluidics
Distributed propulsionPrototypesMore efficient air travel
eVTOLResearch, DevelopmentLow emission and low noise air travel, air taxis
Flying carEarly commercialization, prototypes[139][140]More effective transportationTerrafugia Transition,Moller M400 Skycar,Urban Aeronautics X-Hawk,AeroMobil
Fusion rocketResearch, development[141]Fast interplanetary travel, with limitedinterstellar travel applications
Ground-level power supplyStandardization,[142][143] commercialization[144][145]Reduction of required battery size and weight forbattery electric vehicles by charging while driving
HoverbikeWorking prototypes, early commercializationPackage delivery, search and rescue
Hovertrain,Ground effect train,Ground effect vehicleResearch, development[146][147]Faster trainsAérotrain,Duke Hospital PRT,Hovercraft
Hybrid airshipPrototypesAir travel with low fuel consumptionAirlander 10
Ion-propelled aircraftResearch, development, prototypes[148][149]Better flying transportation, efficient propulsion in airElectrohydrodynamics
Jet pack orbackpack helicopterEarly commercialization, prototypes[150]More effective individual transportation
Maglev trainResearch, early commercialization, diffusion[151][152]Faster trainsTransrapid,Shanghai Maglev Train,Linimo,L0 Series
Magnetic levitationResearch, development, Commercialization (Maglev Train)High temperature superconductivity,cryogenics, low temperature refrigerators, superconducting magnet design and construction, fiber reinforced plastics for vehicles and structural concretes, communication and high power solid-state controls, vehicle design (aerodynamics and noise mitigation), precision manufacturing, construction and fabrication of concrete structures,[153] maglev car, maglev based spacecraft launchVactrain,Levicar
Magnetohydrodynamic driveResearch, development, prototypes[154]Marine Propulsion, Aircraft Propulsion, Spacecraft PropulsionYamato 1
Mass driverPrototypes
Orbital propellant depotResearch, developmentDeep-space missions with larger payloads, satellite life extension, lowering cost per kg launched to space
Personal rapid transitEarly commercialization, diffusion[155][156]More effective transportationMorgantown PRT,ULTra
Physical InternetResearch[157]
Scooter-sharing systemCommercializationIncreased density[158]Bird (company)
VactrainResearch, development[159]Faster way to get somewhereET3 Global Alliance,Hyperloop
Plasma propulsionResearch and developmentSpacecraft propulsion
Pulse detonation engineResearch and development; one prototype flown in 2008[160]Higher-efficiency propulsion
Quiet Supersonic TechnologyPrototypeSupersonic air travel over land
Self-driving carResearch, development, early commercializationReducing concerns of tiredness while driving and also looking outside in the car. Helpful in countries where employment of personal drivers is expensive.Waymo,Tesla FSD
Space elevatorResearch[161]Non-rocket spacelaunchOrbital ring,Sky hook,Space fountain
SpaceplaneResearch, development[162][163][164]Hypersonic transportA2,Skylon
Vehicular communication systemsResearch and development, some diffusionTraffic management, automatic accommodation ofemergency vehicles, driver assistance systems, automated highwaysArtificial Passenger,Dedicated short-range communications,Intelligent transportation system

See also

[edit]
General:

Ethics:

References

[edit]
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